Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6567—Liquids
  • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/625—Vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6567—Liquids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
  • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
  • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
  • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
  • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
  • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
  • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
  • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
  • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a battery pack for receiving at least one battery module comprising a plurality of interconnected cells and equipped with a cooling circuit for circulating in the pack a cooling fluid.
• Li-ion batteries intended to supply the traction chain of electric or hybrid vehicles.
• Li-ion batteries are particularly suitable for powering the powertrain of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• a Li-ion cell is an elementary component, which contains a certain amount of electrolyte, through which lithium ions can migrate between a cathode and an anode, in order to store or deliver energy. electric.
• a Li-ion battery a plurality of Li-ion cells are first assembled and connected in series and / or in parallel to form a module, then a plurality of modules are assembled and connected in series and / or in parallel to form a "pack" according to Anglo-Saxon terminology.
• a battery pack generally comprises several modules connected to one another, themselves made up of several cells connected to one another and a support structure for its various elements.
• Patent document CN106110537 discloses a device for protecting against the risk of fire in the event of thermal runaway of a Li-ion battery.
• the battery is equipped with a temperature sensor as well as a water supply circuit and a liquid nitrogen supply circuit, allowing water to circulate in the battery pack, respectively water. 'liquid nitrogen.
• a temperature sensor as well as a water supply circuit and a liquid nitrogen supply circuit, allowing water to circulate in the battery pack, respectively water. 'liquid nitrogen.
• the temperature detected exceeds a certain threshold, one or the other of the two water and liquid nitrogen supply circuits is activated so as to cool the battery during an initial phase of thermal runaway d '' a battery cell and, where appropriate, fire extinguishing when the battery is on fire.
• the liquid nitrogen supply circuit is activated causing the spraying of liquid nitrogen from above on the cells of the battery and when the temperature becomes above the upper threshold, the spraying of liquid nitrogen is stopped, while the water supply circuit is activated causing the spraying of a water mist from above onto the battery cells.
• This device is relatively complex to implement since it requires equipping the battery with two different cooling circuits, respectively the liquid nitrogen supply circuit and the water supply circuit, further to the detriment size and cost.
• the simple action of spraying liquid nitrogen or water from above on the cells of the battery modules may prove insufficient to prevent a fire in the event of an excessive rise in temperature, or to ensure its extinction. complete.
• an aim of the invention is to provide a battery pack free from at least one of the previously mentioned limitations.
• the invention relates to a battery pack of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle consisting of an upper casing and a lower casing defining an internal enclosure in which is housed at least one module of battery comprising a plurality of interconnected electrochemical cells, the pack being equipped with a cooling circuit making it possible to circulate in the pack a cooling fluid intended to be projected onto said at least one module by means of projection nozzles, characterized in that the cooling circuit is adapted to ensure circulation of the cooling fluid in a closed circuit inside the pack, with a pump arranged in the internal enclosure capable of recirculating, to the projection nozzles, the cooling fluid sprayed onto said at least one module and collected in a double bottom formed under a bottom wall of the lower casing via discharge openings made in the bottom wall of the lower casing.
• a hot-melt sealing element is placed inside each discharge orifice, capable of melting so as to allow said at least discharge orifice to be closed when a determined temperature threshold is reached, preventing the discharge to the double bottom of the lower casing of the cooling fluid sprayed onto said at least one module, so as to allow the cells of said at least one module to be submerged.
• each outlet opening to the double bottom can be closed in the event of an excessive rise in temperature.
• the temperature threshold is adapted to cause the melting of the hot-melt sealing elements when a thermal runaway phenomenon is triggered inside the cells, which can then ignite inside the pack. This makes it possible to raise the level of cooling fluid which continues to be projected onto the cells in said at least one module, until the cells are flooded. This effectively stops the spread of the fire from the cells.
• a passage hole opening into the double bottom of the lower casing is formed in the bottom wall of the lower casing for the passage of the cooling fluid, the pump comprising a suction nozzle engaged through said passage hole and plunging into the double bottom.
• the plurality of cells is juxtaposed in a receiving volume of each module with at least one intermediate space between two elementary cells of said at least module, so as to allow the passage of the cooling fluid between two cells of said at least a module.
• the intermediate space consists of an intermediate plate extending between two cells, the opposite faces of which are grooved to create channels for the passage of fluid along the cells.
• the invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising an electric traction chain, characterized in that it comprises a battery pack as described above.
• FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a battery pack according to an exemplary embodiment according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a module of the battery pack shown in figure;
• FIG. 3 is a detailed perspective sectional view in exploded view of a lower part of the battery pack shown in figure;
• FIG. 4 is a detailed perspective sectional view in unexploded view of the lower part of the battery pack illustrated in FIG.
• FIG. 5 is a detailed perspective sectional view of the lower part of the battery pack with two discharge openings formed at the bottom of the lower casing, shown respectively in plugged and unclogged configuration.
• Figure 1 is a side sectional view of a traction battery pack 1 of a motor vehicle of the electric or hybrid type, equipped with at least one electric traction chain.
• the pack 1 is essentially constituted by a lower casing 2, for example of aluminum, closed by an upper casing 3, also of aluminum.
• the lower 2 and upper 3 casing delimit an internal enclosure in which is arranged at least one and preferably several modules 4 of interconnected electrochemical cells 5, of Li-ion type.
• the pack 1 encloses two modules 4 of ten interconnected electrochemical cells 5, preferably of parallelepiped shape.
• the cells 5 are kept parallel to each other and at a distance respectively from each other by intermediate plates 6, the role of which is to allow the passage of a cooling fluid projected from the top of the modules. between cells.
• Figure 2 shows a detail perspective view of a module 4, and inside the intermediate plates 6, regularly spaced and parallel to each other, between which will be inserted the cells as shown in Figure 1.
• the module 4 consists of an envelope of substantially square cross section, with an upper opening 41, opposite a lower opening 42. Inside the envelope 4, each of the intermediate plates 6 extends substantially over the entire length. height of the casing 4 and has two opposing surfaces 61, 62. The two opposing surfaces 61, 62 of the plates 6 are grooved. They thus have grooves 63 which extend which extend over the entire height of the plates 6 between the upper and lower openings of the casing of the module 4.
• the upper housing 3 has an internal cavity 33 formed of two opposite walls, respectively an external wall 31 and an internal wall 32, spaced from each other, extending directly above the two modules 4 of cells 5 housed in battery pack 1.
• the internal wall 32 is provided with a plurality of projection nozzles 30 coming opposite the upper opening 41 of the modules and of the cells which are arranged therein.
• the projection nozzles 30 are provided to make it possible to project a cooling fluid injected into the internal cavity 33 of the upper casing 3, as will be described in more detail below, onto the battery modules 4 arranged in the internal enclosure of the battery. pack under the upper casing 3 thereof.
• the coolant is a dielectric fluid, in other words, it does not carry a charge, so as not to short-circuit the cells.
• the heat transfer fluid is, for example, a polyethylene glycol or else a mineral oil.
• the cooling fluid thus projected by the projection nozzles 30 on the upper part of the battery modules 4 flows between the cells 5 and the spacer plates 6 of the battery modules, along the grooves, up to bottom 20 of the lower casing 2. In doing so, a heat exchange takes place between the cells and the cooling fluid, so as to be able to remove the thermal energy released by the cells.
• the heated cooling fluid flows then by gravity through discharge orifices 21 formed in a bottom wall 20 of the lower casing 2, preferably comprising at least one discharge orifice formed opposite the lower opening 42 of each of the modules 4 arranged in the pack.
• the heated cooling fluid, collected by the discharge orifices 21, flows through these orifices 21 into a double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2 formed by a lower wall 22 of the lower casing 2 opposite to the bottom wall 20 of the casing. lower 2, the two lower walls 22 and bottom 20 of the lower casing being spaced apart from one another.
• the double bottom 23 of the lower casing thus extends under the bottom wall 20 of the lower casing 2, facing the lower opening of the modules.
• the double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2 and the internal cavity 33 of the upper casing 3 are interconnected by means of a pump 7, located in the enclosure of the battery pack 1, next to the modules 4 To do this, the internal wall 32 of the upper casing 3 has, substantially in line with the pump 7, an orifice 34, opening into the internal cavity 33 of the upper casing 3. This orifice 34 is surmounted by a nozzle fitted into a supply duct 8, extending to the pump 7.
• the bottom wall 20 of the lower casing 2 has at the level of the pump 7, a passage hole 26 opening into the double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2.
• the pump 7 has a suction nozzle 71 engaged through the passage hole 26 and plunging into the double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2.
• the start-up of the pump 7 therefore causes the circulation of the cooling fluid in a closed circuit inside the pack 1 as follows.
• the fluid of cooling is first drawn inside the double bottom 23 of the lower casing through the passage hole 26.
• the cooling fluid is then considered to be cold at the level of the passage hole 26. It is therefore sucked in by the spout.
• suction 71 of the pump 7 to be delivered under pressure through the supply duct 8 according to the arrow F.
• the cooling fluid then flows under pressure into the internal cavity 33 of the upper casing 3. Then, it is injected under pressure through the projection nozzles 30 so as to form a spray mist P above the modules 4.
• the cooling fluid then flows by gravity along the cells 5 in the passage channels formed by the grooves 63 of the intermediate plates 6, arranged between the cells 5, according to the arrows T.
• the cooling fluid stores thermal energy produced by them, then it always travels by gravity on the par oi bottom 20 of the lower casing 2, to then flow through the discharge openings 21 inside the double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2.
• the cooling fluid thus heated tends to lose the thermal energy qu 'it has accumulated in contact with the cells, at the bottom wall 22 which is for example in ambient air.
• the distance between the lower wall 22 and the bottom wall 20 being small with regard to their surface, the cooling fluid is in the form of a thin layer through the double bottom 23 of the lower casing and therefore its cooling is rapid. . Therefore, when the coolant is sucked again through the through hole 26, it is considered to be cold to begin another cycle of cooling cells 5.
• the battery cells may ignite inside the pack, when they cross a temperature threshold.
• the battery cell cooling cycle just described may be insufficient to prevent or contain the spread of this fire.
• the discharge orifices 21 are each equipped with a hot-melt sealing element 24, incorporated inside the orifice and intended to enable said discharge orifices to be closed in the event of excessive elevation of temperature and thus allow the modules to be flooded.
• the hot-melt shutter elements 24 are in the form of a pellet of hot-melt material, placed inside each discharge port 21 and comprising a central bore 25 to allow the passage of the cooling fluid to the double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2, each pellet having an ability to melt to plug the discharge orifice 21 when a predetermined temperature is reached.
• each discharge orifice 21 formed in the bottom wall 20 of the lower casing 2 is delimited by an inner peripheral face 210 which is substantially frustoconical, converging from the top at the bottom, between an upper opening 211 on the side of the internal enclosure and a lower opening 212 on the side of the double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2.
• the hot-melt pellets 24 are incorporated inside the discharge orifices 21 in such a way to come to match their inner peripheral face 210, while the central bore 25 of the pellets makes it possible to provide a passage for the cooling fluid between the upper 211 and lower 212 openings of the discharge orifices 21.
• the hot-melt material of the pellet 24 flows into the double bottom 23 and comes to agglomerate in contact with the internal wall 22 in line with the lower opening 212 of the orifice d. 'evacuation 21, until a plug is formed which clogs said opening.
• the discharge port 21 located on the left in Figure 5 is shown in this plugged configuration.
• the hot-melt pellet 24 associated with each discharge orifice 21 thus makes it possible to close the passage of fluid provided under a module towards the double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2, when a predetermined temperature is reached, preventing the discharge of the fluid from cooling in the double bottom 23 of the lower casing 2.
• the melting of a hot-melt pellet 24 associated with a discharge orifice 21 arranged under a module 4 of the battery causes the module to be filled with the cooling fluid, that - here continuing to sprinkle the cells from above, which makes it possible to flood, at least partially, the cells within the module.
• This arrangement is particularly effective in stopping the spread of a fire in the event of a thermal runaway phenomenon occurring inside the cells.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
• Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=69903435

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (18)

• 2019
  • 2019-12-13 FR FR1914383A patent/FR3104824B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-12-10 CN CN202080090544.5A patent/CN114902478B/zh active Active
  • 2020-12-10 JP JP2022534231A patent/JP2023506418A/ja active Pending
  • 2020-12-10 WO PCT/EP2020/085556 patent/WO2021116297A1/fr unknown
  • 2020-12-10 US US17/784,561 patent/US20230006284A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-12-10 EP EP20820435.4A patent/EP4073876A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-12-10 KR KR1020227021953A patent/KR20220115967A/ko unknown

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events