EP4073434B1 - Heizofen und verfahren für die sekundärluftzufuhr eines heizofens - Google Patents

Heizofen und verfahren für die sekundärluftzufuhr eines heizofens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4073434B1
EP4073434B1 EP20848842.9A EP20848842A EP4073434B1 EP 4073434 B1 EP4073434 B1 EP 4073434B1 EP 20848842 A EP20848842 A EP 20848842A EP 4073434 B1 EP4073434 B1 EP 4073434B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
secondary air
grate
fireplace
firebox
limiter
Prior art date
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Application number
EP20848842.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4073434A1 (de
EP4073434C0 (de
Inventor
Pertti Harjaluoma
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Harvia Finland Oy
Original Assignee
Harvia Finland Oy
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Publication of EP4073434C0 publication Critical patent/EP4073434C0/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/007—Regulating air supply or draught using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/025—Supply of secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
    • A61H33/06—Artificial hot-air or cold-air baths; Steam or gas baths or douches, e.g. sauna or Finnish baths
    • A61H33/063—Heaters specifically designed therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L13/00—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/028—Closed stoves with means for regulating combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers 
    • F24B1/19—Supplying combustion-air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fireplace, which includes a firebox for a fuel charge, an intake air duct for leading intake air to the firebox, a grate for supporting the fuel charge.
  • the grate includes intake air openings for leading primary air from the intake air duct to the firebox.
  • the fireplace includes a secondary air duct for leading secondary air to the firebox from a second end to a first end of the secondary air duct, and a secondary air limiter arranged to form a regulating element in the firebox for regulating the flow of secondary air that leaves the secondary air duct.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the secondary air supply of a fireplace.
  • Air supply of a charge-heated fireplace is a compromise between different factors, such as, for example, easy ignitability, efficiency of combustion and emissions produced from combustion.
  • primary intake air is led to the firebox through a grate.
  • Secondary air is often fed through openings in the door of the firebox.
  • secondary air supply should be markedly limited and air should only be fed via the primary duct through the ember bed in order that pieces of charcoal would quickly burn out and the total emissions would remain as small as possible.
  • reducing the ember combustion phase standardises the efficiency of the fireplace.
  • both primary and secondary air supplies can be regulated manually, but such a method is awkward to use and requires continuous monitoring. To be workable, regulation of supply air must be automatic.
  • Patent publication FI119077 discloses a fireplace, wherein primary and secondary air supplies to the firebox are controlled in a self-sustained manner with a solution based on thermal expansion of the fireplace frame.
  • a solution based on thermal expansion cannot influence the combustion of successive fuel charges because the temperature differences are not sufficiently big in the fireplace during the charge combustion.
  • a hot frame remains thermally expanded between different charges.
  • the air supply is mainly regulated during the combustion of the first charge and while the fireplace cools down at the end of the heating cycle.
  • control of the combustion event is far from optimal, for example, in a situation where, between the additions of fuel charges, the combustion event proceeds to the ember combustion phase once or several times.
  • This solution is also mechanically very complex and thus difficult to utilise commercially. Further prior art can be found in document EP0496043 A1 .
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved fireplace, which is equipped with an automatic regulation mechanism for intake air supply, the purpose of which is to control the combustion event for each fuel charge and reduce total emissions of the fireplace as well as improve the total efficiency ratio of the fireplace by equalising variations of charge combustion.
  • the characteristic features of this invention are set forth in the accompanying Claim 1.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method for the secondary air supply of a fireplace, the purpose of which is to control the combustion event for each fuel charge and reduce total emissions of the fireplace as well as improve the total efficiency ratio of the fireplace by equalising variations of charge combustion.
  • the characteristic features of this invention are set forth in the accompanying Claim 12.
  • the fireplace according to the invention includes a firebox for a fuel charge, an intake air duct for leading intake air to the firebox, a grate for supporting the fuel charge.
  • the grate includes intake air openings for leading primary air from the intake air duct to the firebox.
  • the fireplace includes a secondary air duct for leading secondary air to the firebox from a second end to a first end of the secondary air duct, and a secondary air limiter arranged to form a regulating element in the firebox for regulating the flow of secondary air that leaves the secondary air duct.
  • the secondary air limiter is arranged to be mobile as a result of the effect of the mass of a fuel charge placed on the grate and arranged to use the regulating element in such a way that when the mass of the fuel charge placed on the grate is reduced, the secondary air limiter closes limiting the flow of secondary air to the firebox.
  • the secondary air duct opens thanks to the mass of the fuel charge, thus permitting intake air to be led along the secondary air duct beyond the charge even upper in the firebox for combustion.
  • the charge burns calmly and cleanly as oxygen is carried along with intake air above the fire.
  • the secondary air duct closes resulting in that the flow of intake air is led through the grate and the ember bed covering it, accelerating burning of the ember. Rapid combustion in the ember phase is desirable and it influences the emissions of charge combustion and the efficiency ratio. Easily measurable typical emissions of charge combustion include carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the grate means the part comprising intake air openings that separates the intake air duct and the firebox.
  • the grate supports the fuel charge, and in this context, the grate is also used to refer to other structures for supporting fuel.
  • the grate is preferably a slotted grate.
  • the substance to be combusted is more tightly packed on the grate, compared to a wave-shaped grate, for example, and thus the fuel charge regulates the flow of primary air from the intake air duct to the firebox.
  • the surface area of the grate openings can be 10 - 60%, preferably 20 - 40% of the entire surface area of the grate.
  • the grate and the secondary air limiter can be formed as an integrated whole, for example, from an individual cast iron component, ceramics or other fire-resistant substance.
  • the grate can also be assembled using several parts connected to each other.
  • the fireplace includes only one intake air duct, via which primary air is arranged to flow to the firebox through the grate and via which secondary air is arranged to flow to the firebox beyond the grate.
  • the total air supply of the fireplace can be regulated by regulating the flow of one intake air duct.
  • the secondary air limiter is arranged as an extension of the grate to limit a secondary air duct from the firebox for leading secondary air from the intake air duct to the firebox, and the regulating element is included in the first end included in the secondary air duct. In this way, the supply of secondary air to the firebox can be automatically regulated for each fuel charge.
  • the fireplace includes a support joint arranged at the edge included in the secondary air limiter, between the grate and the secondary air limiter, for supporting the grate to the firebox, permitting at least the secondary air limiter to turn around the support joint for moving the regulating element relative to the firebox for automatically regulating the amount of secondary air in each combustion situation according to the combined mass of the fuel charge on the grate and the grate.
  • a secondary air opening is formed in the second end included in the secondary air duct, between the support joint and the firebox, for leading secondary air from the intake air duct to the secondary air duct. In this way, the supply of secondary air to the firebox can be automatically regulated for each fuel charge.
  • the secondary air limiter and the support joint are fixedly connected to the grate forming a secondary air regulation mechanism.
  • the regulation mechanism can be manufactured, for example, as an individual component from cast iron or ceramics, which are known as materials with a good thermal resistance.
  • the fireplace according to the first embodiment preferably includes two secondary air regulation mechanisms, each of which has a grate, a secondary air limiter and a support joint.
  • regulation of secondary air operates mechanically well and regulation mechanisms can be easily fitted through the fireplace door and installed in a typical existing fireplace.
  • a two-piece embodiment leads secondary air more uniformly from both sides of the firebox.
  • the grate has a first level and the secondary air limiter has a second level and the first level and the second level are divergent, the secondary air limiter forming an inclined surface relative to the horizontal plane in the position of use for guiding the fuel charge onto the grate. In this way, it is easier for the user to place the fuel charge in the designated position.
  • the regulating element preferably forms a structure that tapers downwards enabling the fuel charge to be guided onto the grate.
  • the fuel charge on the intake air openings of the grate partly also limits the flow of primary air making it possible to regulate the total air supply to the firebox.
  • the width of the grate between the grate edge and the support point can be 25 - 100%, preferably 30 - 70% of the width of the secondary air limiter between the edge of the secondary air limiter and the support point.
  • the regulation mechanism suits well as a whole to typical fireplaces and secondary air can be guided preferably sufficiently high.
  • the mass and length of the grate relative to the mass and length of the secondary air limiter can be such that the moment generated by the secondary air limiter relative to the support joint is equal to the moment generated jointly by the grate and the fuel amount, the mass of which is 5 - 30%, preferably 8 - 20% of the mass of the fuel charge placed in the firebox, opposite relative to the moment generated by the secondary air limiter relative to the support joint.
  • the secondary air duct preferably closes at the right time as the combustion event proceeds to the ember combustion phase.
  • the secondary air regulation mechanisms can be identical with each other. This simplifies the structure of the regulation mechanism and decreases manufacturing costs.
  • the support joint is formed of two separate support joints placed at a distance from each other, between which there is the secondary air opening of the second end and between which the axis of rotation of each secondary air regulation mechanism is formed.
  • the regulation mechanism is provided with a robust structure and a large surface area is achieved for the intake opening of the secondary air duct.
  • the secondary air limiter together with the secondary air opening, is arranged to form the secondary air duct leading from the intake air duct to the firebox.
  • the secondary air limiter is arranged to form the secondary air duct leading from the intake air duct to the firebox.
  • the fireplace can be a sauna stove.
  • Sauna stoves are very commonly used fireplaces, with which achievement of the maximum heating efficiency is particularly aimed at.
  • the invention can have a remarkable influence on emissions and the efficiency ratio of sauna stoves.
  • a sauna stove means a furnace-like heater of a sauna, in the upper part of which there is a stone arrangement capable of storing heat and onto the heated stones of which it is possible to throw water during use to provide water steam in the room functioning as the sauna.
  • the fuel charge can be wood.
  • the invention can remarkably accelerate combustion of an ember and thus reduce generation of carbon monoxide.
  • the secondary air limiter and the support joint compose a secondary air regulation mechanism, separate from the grate, which further includes an arm, upon which the grate is arranged, on the other side of the support joint as an extension of the secondary air limiter.
  • the secondary air regulation mechanism according to the invention can also be applied in existing fireplaces and grates.
  • the minimum cross-sectional area of a completely open secondary air duct relative to the cross-sectional area of the primary air duct can be 40 - 100%, preferably 50 - 80%.
  • secondary air can be fed to the firebox with an optimal ratio relative to primary air.
  • the grate and the regulating element are supported by a spring or a counterweight or a combination of these.
  • a force contrary to the force of gravity exerted on the grate and the fuel charge is provided enabling regulation of the secondary air supply.
  • the grate and regulating element supported by a spring or a counterforce or a combination of these can move in its entirety in an elevator-type manner or the grate can be hinged or articulated in such a way that the grate inclines as the fuel mass changes, the secondary air regulator thus being arranged to regulate the supply of secondary air when the grate inclines.
  • the fireplace also includes equipment for regulating primary air for keeping the total air amount constant.
  • both the primary air supply and the secondary air supply of the fireplace can be regulated to enable better control of the combustion event and to keep the efficiency of combustion constant.
  • For regulating primary air it is possible to use, for example, the fuel charge on the intake air openings of the grate.
  • the fuel power of the fireplace can be 5 - 80 kW.
  • sauna stoves and other fireplaces of a similar size operate in this efficiency range.
  • An embodiment, not being part of the invention, relates to an arrangement for a fireplace.
  • the fireplace subject of the arrangement includes a firebox for a fuel charge and an intake air duct for leading intake air to the firebox.
  • the arrangement includes a grate, which includes intake air openings for leading primary air from the intake air duct to the firebox, for supporting a fuel charge, and a secondary air limiter arranged to form a regulating element for regulating secondary air that enters the firebox.
  • the secondary air limiter is arranged to be mobile as a result of the effect of the mass of the fuel charge placed on the grate and arranged to use the regulating element in such a way that when the mass of the fuel charge placed on the grate is reduced, the secondary air limiter closes limiting the flow of the secondary air to the firebox.
  • the regulation mechanism can be fitted in existing fireplaces.
  • a conventional grate can be replaced with the arrangement, the benefits of which correspond to the benefits of the fireplace described above.
  • the invention also relates to a method for secondary air supply of a fireplace.
  • the method for supplying secondary air to a fireplace with a fuel power of 5 to 80 kW, in which fireplace solid fuel is burnt on the grate in the firebox and primary air is led to the firebox through the grate and secondary air is led to the firebox above the grate, the flow of secondary air is regulated based on the force of gravity exerted on the fuel charge placed on the grate in such a way that when the mass of the fuel charge placed on the grate is reduced, the secondary air limiter included in the fireplace closes limiting the flow of secondary air to the firebox.
  • the secondary air supply of a fireplace can be regulated during the combustion event as the mass of the fuel charge changes, which can reduce emissions of the fireplace and improve the efficiency ratio of the fireplace.
  • Wood is preferably burnt in the fireplace. In the final phase of wood burning, there is a large ember in the firebox.
  • the invention can remarkably accelerate combustion of an ember and thus reduce generation of carbon monoxide.
  • the flow of secondary air is only regulated by the effect of the mass that changes during the combustion process of the fuel charge.
  • regulation of the flow of secondary air takes place automatically independently of the user.
  • the regulation of the flow of secondary air operates in the same way for each fuel charge.
  • primary air and secondary air are led to the firebox from a common intake air duct.
  • the total air supply of the fireplace can be regulated by regulating the flow of one intake air duct.
  • the flow of secondary air to the firebox is limited when the mass of the fuel charge has been reduced to 5 - 30 percent, preferably to 8 - 20 percent of the mass of the fuel charge placed in the firebox.
  • the flow of intake air can be regulated in a desired way in the ember combustion phase.
  • FIGs 1a - 3b depict the first embodiment of a fireplace 10 according to the invention, in this case a sauna stove.
  • the firebox 12 of a sauna stove is limited by the sides 141, the rear panel 142 and the front panel (not shown in figures) of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10.
  • the grate 20 extends from the rear panel 142 of the fireplace 10 to the front panel of the fireplace 10 in the depth direction of the fireplace 10, which is illustrated in Figures 2a and 2b .
  • the upper part of the firebox 12 is limited by a panel component 49, by going around of which combustion gases can enter the side ducts 50, wherein combustion gases indirectly heat stones in a stone space 180.
  • the stone space 180 shown in Figures 1a - 2a is also equipped with sweeping openings covered with lids 191 as well as a connection to a chimney 192.
  • a secondary air limiter 22 which functions as a regulating element 18 for regulating secondary air that enters the firebox 12 from the intake air duct 17.
  • the entity formed by the grate 20, the secondary air limiter 22 and the support joint 26 between these is formed as a continuous integral part, of which there are two identical items, each of which forms a regulation mechanism 19.
  • the regulation mechanisms 19 are arranged relative to each other as mirror images relative to the vertical centre line of the fireplace 10.
  • the secondary air duct 30 shown in Figures 3a and 3b , formed between the secondary air limiter 22 and the side 141 of the fireplace 10 is limited to a so-called first end 31, which is located between the edge of the secondary air limiter 22 and the side 141 of the fireplace 10 ( Figures 3a and 3b ), and to a second end 32, which is located between the support joint 26 and the side 141 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10.
  • Identical secondary air ducts 30 are formed on both sides of the fireplace 10.
  • Both primary air and secondary air flow to the firebox 12 and to the burning substance via the intake air duct 17 formed by the ash space 16 below the grate 20.
  • the user can regulate the flow of both primary air and secondary air.
  • a fuel charge the mass of which can be about 3 kg, for example, has been loaded to the firebox 12 on the grate 20.
  • Secondary air limiters 22 form a surface that is inclined relative to the horizontal plane in the position of use, a second level 202, which guides the fuel charge 60 onto the grate 20 to the first level 201, the fuel charge 60 thus at least partly blocking the intake air openings 21 of the grate 20 limiting the supply of primary air.
  • the force of gravity exerted on the fuel charge 60 and the grate 20 causes the turning of the regulation mechanism 19 around the support joint 26 in such a way that the secondary air limiter 22 moves towards the centre of the firebox 12.
  • the first end 31 of the secondary air duct 30 opens thus permitting air coming from the second end 32 of the secondary air duct 30 to flow to the firebox 12 between the secondary air limiter 22 and the secondary air deflector 24.
  • the grate 20 can lean on the support component 144 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10 by its bottom surface.
  • the secondary air limiter 22 can lean on the support component 241 of the secondary air deflector 24.
  • the purpose of the secondary air deflector 24 is to lead air coming from the secondary air duct 30 towards the combustion event.
  • Figures 2a and 3a illustrate an opening 242 that remains between the support parts 241 of the secondary air deflector 24, via which secondary air is fed to the firebox 12 when the secondary air duct 30 is open.
  • air is fed to the firebox 12 both from the primary duct through the intake air openings 21 of the grate 20 below the burning substance and through the secondary air ducts 30 on the sides of the firebox 12 above the burning substance.
  • the secondary air limiter 22 leans on the side 141 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10, thus the first end 31 of the secondary air duct 30 being closed.
  • the closing of the first end 31 of the secondary air duct 30 does not mean complete air-tightness but a notable restriction of secondary air supply (more than 95%) . It is advantageous that there remains a small clearance between the secondary air limiter 22 and the side 141 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10 even when the secondary air duct 30 is closed for guaranteeing the reliability of operation of the regulation mechanism 19.
  • a clearance remains on the sides of the grate 20, which extends from the rear panel 142 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10 to the front wall of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10 in the depth direction of the fireplace 10, in order that the operation of the regulation mechanism 19 is not disturbed due to, for example, thermal expansion and/or charcoals or ash entering between the grate 20 and the support component 144 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10.
  • Air can also be led to the fireplace 12 through the openings in the door of the firebox 12 achieving in this way clean combustion in the immediate vicinity of the door, which reduces soot formation on the transparent glass door.
  • the amount of secondary air obtained through this is small relative to air fed via the secondary air duct 30.
  • the fireplace has a fuel power ranging between 20 and 30 kW.
  • the length of the grate 20 in the depth direction of the fireplace 10 can be, for example, 20 - 40 cm, preferably 25 - 35 cm, and the width between the edge of the grate 20 and the support joint 26 can be 5 - 20 cm, preferably 8 - 15 cm.
  • the width of the secondary air limiter 22 between the secondary air limiter 22 and the support joint 26 can be, for example, 10 - 30 cm, preferably 15 - 25 cm.
  • the distance of the connection point between the secondary air limiter 22 and the grate 20 from the side 141 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10 can be, for example, 1 - 5 cm, preferably 2 - 4 cm.
  • the length of the firebox 12 in the depth direction can be, for example, 20 - 50 cm, preferably 30 - 45 cm, the width can be, for example, 20 - 50 cm, preferably 25 - 40 cm, and the height can be, for example, 20 - 80 cm, preferably 30 - 70 cm.
  • FIGS 4a - 4b illustrate a basic view of a second embodiment of the fireplace 10 according to the invention, comprising a one-part grate 20.
  • the grate 20 rests on the support part 148 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10 and, by its first end, on the arm 29 of the regulation mechanism 19.
  • the regulation mechanism 19 turns relative to the support joint 26 in such a way that the secondary air limiter 22 moves away from the side 141 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10 opening the secondary air duct 30 ( Figure 4a ).
  • the moment exerted by the secondary air limiter 22 on the system relative to the support joint 26 exceeds the moment generated jointly by the grate 20 and the ember 60'.
  • the regulation mechanism 19 turns around the support joint 26 in such a way that the secondary air limiter 22 moves towards the side 141 of the fireplace 10 and limits access of secondary air to the firebox 12 by closing the secondary air duct 30.
  • air thus flows mainly via the intake air duct formed by the intake air openings 21 of the grate 20 through the ember bed 60' ( Figure 4b ).
  • FIGs 5a - 5b illustrate a basic view of a third embodiment of the fireplace 10 according to the invention, comprising a grate 20 supported by springs 200 and a regulation mechanism 19 formed by a regulating element 18.
  • a fuel charge 60 is loaded on the grate 20
  • the force of gravity exerted on the grate 20 and the fuel charge 60 compresses the springs 200 resulting in a downward movement of the grate 20 and the secondary air deflector 22.
  • the secondary air ducts 30 on the sides 141 of the frame 14 of the fireplace 10 open and the fuel charge 60 on the grate 20 simultaneously limits the supply of primary air ( Figure 5a ).
  • a counterweight or a combination of springs 200 and a counterweight can be used, producing a force contrary to the force of gravity exerted on the grate 20 and the regulating element 18, where the regulation mechanism 19 operates otherwise in the same way as in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 5a - 5b .
  • the grate can also be hinged or articulated in such a way that the grate inclines as the fuel mass changes, where the regulation mechanism 19 operates in a corresponding way.
  • the grate is fixedly arranged to the fireplace and the secondary air limiter has pins coming through the intake air openings of the grate connected thereto, the mass of the fuel charge placed on top of these pins moving the secondary air limiter via the pins. More precisely, the force of gravity exerted on the fuel charge placed on the pins generates a moment in the regulation mechanism relative to the support joint, which moves the pins downwards resulting in the movement of the secondary air limiter arranged in the pins and the opening of the secondary air duct.
  • the regulation mechanism turns around the support joint in such a way that the pins are lifted up and the secondary air limiter closes the secondary air duct limiting access of secondary air to the firebox.
  • the fireplace can also be, for example, a furnace, stove, hearth, baking oven, or other similar fireplace suitable for the purpose of use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Kamin (10), der Folgendes einschließt:
    - eine Feuerkammer (12) für eine Brennstoffladung (60),
    - einen Luftansaugkanal (17) zum Leiten von Ansaugluft in die Feuerkammer (12),
    - ein Gitter (20) zum Abstützen der Brennstoffladung (60), wobei das Gitter (20) Ansaugluftöffnungen (21) einschließt, um Primärluft vom Luftansaugkanal (17) zur Feuerkammer (12) zu leiten.
    - einen Sekundärluftkanal (30) zum Führen von Sekundärluft zur Feuerkammer (12) von einem zweiten Ende (32) zu einem ersten Ende (31) des Sekundärluftkanals (30) zu leiten und
    - einen Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22), der angeordnet ist, um ein Regelelement (18) in der Feuerkammer (12) zu bilden, um Sekundärluft, die den Sekundärluftkanal (30) verlässt, zu regeln,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) als Resultat der Wirkung der Positionierung der Masse der Brennstoffladung (60) auf dem Gitter (20) angeordnet ist, um mobil zu sein und angeordnet ist, dass er das Regelelement (18) so verwendet, dass bei Positionierung einer Brennstoffladung (60) auf dem Gitter (20) der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) so angeordnet ist, dass er sich öffnet und den Zufluss von Sekundärluft in die Feuerkammer (12) ermöglicht, und wenn die auf dem Gitter (20) positionierte Menge an Brennstoffladung (60) verringert wird, der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) so angeordnet ist, dass er sich schließt und den Zufluss von Sekundärluft in die Feuerkammer (12) begrenzt,
    - der Luftansaugkanal (17) ein normaler Luftansaugkanal (17) für Primär- und Sekundärluft ist, durch den Primärluft durch das Gitter (20) in die Feuerkammer (12) strömen kann und über den Sekundärluft über das Gitter (20) zu der Feuerkammer (12) strömen kann und
    - der Kamin (10) einen Auflagepunkt (26) einschließt, der an der in den Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) eingeschlossenen Kante zwischen dem Gitter (20) und dem Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) angeordnet ist, um das Gitter (20) an der Feuerkammer (12) zu stützen und eine Biegung von mindestens dem Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) um den Auflagepunkt (26) zu ermöglichen, um das Regelelement (18) relativ zur Feuerkammer (12) zu bewegen, um automatisch die Menge an Sekundärluft in jeder Verbrennungssituation entsprechend der kombinierten Masse der Brennstoffladung (60) auf dem Gitter (20) und dem Gitter (20) zu regeln, wobei eine Sekundärluftöffnung zwischen dem Auflagepunkt (26) und der Feuerkammer (12) an dem zweiten Ende (32) gebildet wird, das in dem Sekundärluftkanal (30) eingeschlossen ist, um die Sekundärluft aus dem Luftansaugkanal (17) in den Sekundärluftkanal (30) zu leiten.
  2. Kamin (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) als eine Verlängerung des Gitters (20) angeordnet ist, um den Sekundärluftkanal (30) von der Feuerkammer (12) abzugrenzen, um Sekundärluft von dem Ansaugluftkanal (17) zur Feuerkammer (12) zu leiten, und das Regelelement (18) in das in dem Sekundärluftkanal (30) eingeschlossene erste Ende (31) eingeschlossen ist.
  3. Kamin (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) und der Auflagepunkt (26) fest mit dem Gitter (20) verbunden sind und einen Sekundärluftregelmechanismus (19) bilden.
  4. Kamin (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kamin (10) zwei Sekundärluftregelmechanismen (19) einschließen, wobei jeder Regelmechanismus (19) über ein Gitter (20), einen Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) und einen Auflagepunkt (26) verfügt.
  5. Kamin (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gitter (20) eine erste Ebene (201) aufweist und der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) eine zweite Ebene (202) aufweist, wobei die erste Ebene (201) und die zweite Ebene (202) divergieren, und der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) in der Nutzungsposition eine schräge Oberfläche relativ zu der horizontalen Ebene zur Leitung der Brennstoffladung (60) auf das Gitter (20) bildet.
  6. Kamin (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Masse und Länge des Gitters (20) jedes Teils im Verhältnis zur Masse und Länge des Sekundärluftbegrenzers (22) so ist, dass das durch den Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) erzeugte Moment im Verhältnis zum Auflagepunkt (26) gleich dem Moment ist, dass gemeinsam von dem Gitter (20 und der Menge an Brennstoff erzeugt wird, dessen Masse 5-30 % beträgt, vorzugsweise 8-20 % der Masse der Brennstoffladung (60), die in die Feuerkammer (12) platziert wird, umgekehrt relativ zu dem Moment, das von dem Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) relativ zum Auflagepunkt (26) erzeugt wird.
  7. Kamin (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in jedem Teil der Auflagepunkt (26) aus zwei separaten Auflagepunkten (26) besteht, die zueinander beabstandet platziert werden, wobei die Sekundärluftöffnung des zweiten Endes (32) dazwischen angeordnet ist und zwischen denen die Rotationsachse jedes Sekundärluftregelmechanismus (19) gebildet wird.
  8. Kamin (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) zusammen mit der Sekundärluftöffnung angeordnet ist, um den Sekundärluftkanal (30) zu bilden, der von dem Ansaugluftkanal (17) zur Feuerkammer (12) führt.
  9. Kamin (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kamin (10) ein Saunaofen ist.
  10. Kamin (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) und der Auflagepunkt (20) einen Sekundärluftregelmechanismus (19) bilden, der von dem Gitter (20) getrennt ist und weiter einen Arm (29) einschließt, auf dem das Gitter (20) angeordnet ist, auf der anderen Seite des Auflagepunktes (26) als eine Verlängerung des Sekundärluftbegrenzers (26).
  11. Kamin (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkraft des Kamins (10) zwischen 5 und 80 kW liegt.
  12. Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Sekundärluft in einem Kamin (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-11, wobei der Kamin über eine Brennkraft von 5 bis 80 kW verfügt, und in dem Kamin (10) Festbrennstoffe auf einem Gitter (20) in einer Feuerkammer (12) verbrannt werden und Primärluft in die Feuerkammer (12) durch das Gitter (20) geführt wird und Sekundärluft in die Feuerkammer (12) oberhalb des Gitters (20) geführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sekundärluftstrom auf der Basis der Schwerkraft geregelt wird, die auf die auf dem Gitter (20) platzierte Brennstoffladung (60) wirkt, sodass dann, wenn die Brennstoffladung (60) auf dem Gitter (20) platziert wird, der in den Kamin (10) eingeschlossene Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) sich öffnet und den Sekundärluftstrom in die Feuerkammer (12) ermöglicht, und dann, wenn die Masse der auf dem Gitter (20) platzierten Brennstoffladung (60) verringert wird, der in den Kamin (10) eingeschlossene Sekundärluftbegrenzer (22) sich schließt und den Sekundärluftstrom in die Feuerkammer (12) begrenzt, und dadurch, dass Primär- und Sekundärluft in die Feuerkammer (12) über einen gemeinsamen Ansaugluftkanal (17) geführt werden, über den Primärluft in die Feuerkammer (12) durch das Gitter (20) geführt wird und über das Sekundärluft in die Feuerkammer (12) über das Gitter (20) hinaus geführt wird, wobei die Gesamtluftzufuhr des Kamins (10) geregelt wird, indem der Luftstrom in dem Ansaugluftkanal (17) geregelt wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Holz in dem Kamin (10) verbrannt wird.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sekundärluftstrom nur durch die Wirkung auf die Masse geregelt wird, die sich während des Verbrennungsvorgangs der Brennstoffladung (60) verändert.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sekundärluftstrom zur Feuerkammer (12) begrenzt wird, wenn die Masse der Brennstoffladung (60) auf 5-30 Prozent, bevorzugt auf 8-20 Prozent der Masse der in die Feuerkammer (12) platzierten Brennstoffladung (60) verringert wurde.
EP20848842.9A 2019-12-13 2020-12-14 Heizofen und verfahren für die sekundärluftzufuhr eines heizofens Active EP4073434B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20196083A FI130332B (fi) 2019-12-13 2019-12-13 Tulisija ja menetelmä tulisijan toisioilman syötössä
PCT/FI2020/050838 WO2021116538A1 (en) 2019-12-13 2020-12-14 A fireplace, an arrangement for a fireplace and a method for the secondary air supply of a fireplace

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EP4073434B1 true EP4073434B1 (de) 2023-09-27
EP4073434C0 EP4073434C0 (de) 2023-09-27

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4101631A1 (de) * 1991-01-21 1992-07-23 Everken Olsberger Huette Kg Mit festen brennstoffen betriebener heizofen
CH698018B1 (de) * 2005-01-19 2009-04-30 Gaan Gmbh Holzofen mit Zuluftsteuerung.
FI119077B (fi) * 2007-01-09 2008-07-15 Harvia Oy Tulisija

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WO2021116538A1 (en) 2021-06-17

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