EP4070347A1 - Dispositif de refroidissement pour bobine d'arrêt électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de refroidissement pour bobine d'arrêt électrique

Info

Publication number
EP4070347A1
EP4070347A1 EP19821045.2A EP19821045A EP4070347A1 EP 4070347 A1 EP4070347 A1 EP 4070347A1 EP 19821045 A EP19821045 A EP 19821045A EP 4070347 A1 EP4070347 A1 EP 4070347A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
throttle
pipe system
cooling
building
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19821045.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Armschat
Steffen Lang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4070347A1 publication Critical patent/EP4070347A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/02—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial purposes, e.g. for power-plants or factories
    • E04H5/04—Transformer houses; Substations or switchgear houses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/085—Cooling by ambient air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
    • H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames
    • H05K7/1427—Housings
    • H05K7/1432—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters
    • H05K7/14339—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters specially adapted for high voltage operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
    • H05K7/20909—Forced ventilation, e.g. on heat dissipaters coupled to components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L25/00—Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups F16L13/00 - F16L23/00 ; Details of pipe joints not otherwise provided for, e.g. electrically conducting or insulating means
    • F16L25/01—Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups F16L13/00 - F16L23/00 ; Details of pipe joints not otherwise provided for, e.g. electrically conducting or insulating means specially adapted for realising electrical conduction between the two pipe ends of the joint or between parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F16L9/125—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement electrically conducting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
    • F16L9/147—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for guiding cooling air for cooling an electrical throttle or a filter resistor located in a building or room. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a building which contains the throttle and the device for guiding cooling air.
  • the building can be designed as a converter building for providing a DC voltage that is suitable for high-voltage direct current transmission.
  • Filter resistances in filter halls also cause large losses and work at potential, but mostly AC voltage.
  • High-voltage direct current transmission is used to transmit electrical energy over long distances.
  • converters in particular in converter halls or converter buildings, can be provided in order to generate an AC voltage into a DC voltage suitable for HVDC transmission or to convert the DC voltage into an AC voltage, which is a electrical power supply network can be supplied.
  • electrical chokes are also used, i.e. coils that include an electrical conductor that is wound in several turns. In this way, unwanted AC components, which are e.g. present at the output connections of the AC-DC converter, can be filtered out and steep current increases in error states of the system can be attenuated.
  • both the converters and the chokes There are some power losses, which therefore lead to a strong development of heat. Therefore, conventionally, both the converters and the electrical reactors are cooled. Conventionally, the air in the entire interior of the converter building or the converter hall is suitably tempered.
  • the converter In contrast to a throttle, the converter requires complex temperature control of the cooling air in order to provide it in a comparatively narrow temperature range for cooling the converter. At a relatively high ambient temperature, the converter has to be cooled with the aid of compressors in order to achieve the favorable operating temperatures of the converter.
  • the conventional cooling by natural Gutkon convection of the throttle is comparatively inefficient, which makes a large cooling channel cross-section within the throttle or in the windings or between the windings necessary.
  • the electrical throttle should be supplied with re-feeding at low ambient temperatures (e.g. in winter) relatively low supply air temperatures in order to extend the service life. In summer or at relatively high ambient temperatures, a throttle can be cooled inexpensively with comparatively hot cooling air, even if this increases the service life consumption, since this can, however, be kept within an acceptable range.
  • Another disadvantage of the state of the art is that a possible fire within the converter room can only be detected with difficulty and with a long time delay, since the flow speeds between a fire detector (e.g. smoke detector) and the throttle are relatively low and since the fire gas is traditionally clean room air is strongly mixed (diluted). Thus, the detection and, as a result, the fighting or extinguishing of a fire or a burning throttle in a very large converter room is difficult or unreliable.
  • a fire detector e.g. smoke detector
  • a device for guiding cooling air for cooling an electrical choke located in a building or a hall which has cooling air ducts (also called cooling lines) between the turns (of a conductor) of the winding body, the device having: a pipe system for guiding the cooling air, which extends from at least one access area to the cooling lines of the throttle to at least one wall duct in a wall of the building; and an electrically conductive material which is attached to the pipe system and is electrically connected to the conductor of the throttle.
  • the cooling air can, for example, be ambient air from an area outside the building or the room in which the electrical throttle is located.
  • the building or the room can have building walls or room walls which delimit the interior of the building or the room from an outer area, i.e. the surrounding area.
  • the cooling air can include, for example, atmospheric air.
  • a fluid which is different from atmospheric air can also be used for cooling.
  • a gas which has a different composition than ambient air can also be used for cooling.
  • carbon dioxide, nitrogen or a mixture thereof can also be used as the cooling air.
  • the cooling air can be tempered before being fed to the electrical throttle, but does not have to be tempered.
  • the cooling air can have different temperatures in different times of the year, for example between -10 ° C and 50 ° C.
  • the electrical choke can be designed for high voltages, e.g. between 200 kV and 500 kV.
  • the electrical throttle can in particular be an air throttle, which can in particular be essentially cylindrical with a diameter of, for example, between 1 m and 5 m.
  • the conductor can be designed as a conductor bundle made up of several partial conductors (e.g. copper or aluminum) conductors.
  • the electrical choke can be held at a sufficient distance from the floor e.g. by means of insulator supports, e.g. between 1 m and 3 m within the building or the room.
  • a cylinder symmetry axis (or approximate cylinder symmetry axis) of the throttle can be oriented essentially vertically.
  • the cooling lines (also referred to as cooling air ducts) within the electrical throttle can also be designed to guide the cooling air, which is supplied to the cooling lines by means of the pipe system or is discharged from the cooling lines by means of the pipe system.
  • the cooling air can be supplied vertically from below to the cooling lines by means of part of the pipe system (in particular by means of the air supply pipe system) and can be discharged from the cooling lines of the throttle at an upper end of the throttle by means of another part of the pipe system (in particular by means of the air discharge pipe system) become.
  • the cooling air, which is provided for cooling the throttle can be routed exclusively within the pipe system and the cooling lines of the throttle without getting into the interior of the building or the room in which, for example, one or more converters are arranged.
  • the cooling of the electrical throttle's rule can thus be carried out separately and independently of cooling measures of other electrical components, which can also be arranged within the building or the room.
  • the cooling requirements of the throttle can be met without requiring cooling requirements. to disrupt their electrical or electronic equipment.
  • the pipe system can consist of several parts, as explained in detail below.
  • the pipe system can e.g. be attached or mounted directly to the throttle, or can be supported by further auxiliary devices or e.g. by one or more insulator supports, which are used at the same time to hold the throttle itself.
  • the pipe system can, for example, be coupled to the throttle in a substantially airtight manner, in particular using one or more seals, such as sealing lips, so that the cooling air can be supplied or discharged into or out of the cooling lines of the throttles without the cooling air leaking out of the Pipe system out and into the room.
  • the access area can, for example, comprise two areas, in particular an air supply area (e.g. below the cooling lines) and an air discharge area (e.g. above the cooling lines of the throttle).
  • the access area can define a space within the pipe system (within a respective connection part) within which the cooling air flows, namely into and out of the cooling lines.
  • the access area can also be understood as a distribution area (when cooling air is supplied) or as a collecting area (e.g. when air is discharged).
  • a multiplicity of cooling lines can be provided within the throttle which, for example, have cylindrical symmetry and which are, for example, radially spaced from one another, in particular between radially spaced apart layers or turns of the conductor of the reactor.
  • the wall duct can, for example, comprise an air supply wall duct and / or an air discharge wall duct.
  • the electrical (semi-) conductive material can, for example, a Me tall or metal powder or metal coating and / or um- grasp what is applied to the pipe system, for example.
  • the electrically conductive material can be or comprise a composite material, which is characterized by a polymeric binder, which contains metallic, ceramic and / or carbon-based (e.g. carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene or the like) filler .
  • the fillers can have an irregular geometry, preferably a mixture of platelet-shaped and spherical geometries.
  • the platelet-shaped geometry serves to better contact the fillers with one another and ensures increased reproducibility in the resulting resistance coating.
  • a spherical geometry ensures better through-hole plating through the layer itself. This is important in contact-making areas.
  • the type of ceramic filler can be that of a doped metal oxide such as antimony doped tin oxide.
  • the ceramic filler can be or contain a doped or an undoped silicon carbide.
  • the filler is to be of a metallic nature, then it should be in a sub-percolation filler concentration, otherwise its electrical conductivity would be too high and a "short circuit" would arise between the earthed wall bushing and the high-voltage winding.
  • the metallic filler can be encapsulated with a silver layer, otherwise the contact resistance in the composite layer would increase in an uncontrolled manner over time due to corrosion. (Silver also corrodes, but the resulting silver oxide is electrically conductive)
  • the polymeric binder can be made of any plastic, but preferably a duromer, in the case of duromers preferably from the group of epoxides, polyesterimides, polyesters or polyurethanes.
  • the composite material can be applied to the ventilation pipe as tapes or the like, but preferably sprayed on as a varnish containing solvents.
  • the entire pipe system can be coated with the electrically semiconducting material, for example sprayed on or vapor deposited, for example from the inside or outside.
  • the electrically semiconductive material can be provided to reduce the high voltage applied to the choke during operation in the wall bushing due to an electrical current flow essentially to earth potential. This means that the electrical potential in the ventilation duct should be reduced or built up over the length of the pipe. Effective cooling of the electrical throttle can thus be carried out by means of the supplied cooling air, in particular without interfering with other electrical components with regard to cooling, if the cooling air is also discharged by the throttle into an outside area of the room by means of the pipe system.
  • the electrically conductive material is provided continuously or uninterrupted between the throttle and the wall duct. This ensures an electrical current flow between the throttle and the wall bushing through the electrically conductive material in order to effectively and reliably reduce or reduce the voltage between the throttle and the wall bushing, which is applied to the pipe system, to zero or to ground potential .
  • the pipe system can, for example, be completely or at least partially equipped with the conductive material, which enables an electrical flow between a part of the pipe system attached to the throttle and the wall duct.
  • the pipe system has an air supply pipe system which is coupled to an air supply area of the throttle and to an air supply wall duct and is arranged and designed to cool the cooling air through the air supply wall duct from an area outside the hall feed lines.
  • the supply pipe system is provided for supplying the cooling air to the throttle or its cooling lines.
  • the pipe system has an air discharge pipe system, which is coupled to an air discharge area of the throttle and with an air discharge wall duct and is arranged and designed, the cooling air from the cooling lines through the air discharge wall duct into an area outside the building to dissipate.
  • the cooling of the throttle can be carried out completely separately and independently of the cooling of other components in the room or the building.
  • the air supply pipe system and / or the air discharge pipe system has: a respective connection part (also referred to as a distribution part or collecting part), which is tightly connected to the air supply area or the air discharge area of the throttle in communication with the cooling lines and with the Conductor of the reactor is electrically connected; and one or more pipe segments that are mechanically and electrically connected to one another and are mechanically and electrically connected at one end to the connection part and at the other end to the air supply wall duct or the air discharge W andungs exit are mechanically and electrically connected.
  • a respective connection part also referred to as a distribution part or collecting part
  • connection part can also be understood as a distributor part for the air supply pipe system, for example, and can be understood as a collecting part for the air discharge pipe system, for example.
  • connection part can also comprise means for mounting or sealing on the throttle.
  • connection part of the air supply pipe system can be coupled to the throttle at a lower end face thereof, in particular airtight, and can be electrically connected to the conductor of the throttle at the lower end of the throttle, in particular via the electrically conductive material that is attached to the connection part is attached or coated.
  • connection part and each of the pipe segments can be equipped with the electrically conductive material.
  • the coatings of various pipe segments or a pipe segment and the connection part can be electrically connected to one another by, for example, providing metal sleeves and connecting the sleeves with an electrical conductor.
  • the electrically conductive material which is attached or applied to the connection part can be electrically connected to the conductor of the choke.
  • the respective electrically conductive materials which are attached or applied to each of the pipe segments can be electrically connected to one another, for example with the aid of respective metal sleeves and one or more electrical wires.
  • the metal sleeves can be on or under the semiconducting coating of the pipe.
  • the pipe itself is made of an electrically non-conductive material.
  • the wall bushings in particular the air supply wall bushing and / or the air discharge wall bushing, can, for example, be at ground potential and the pipe segment, which is connected to the respective wall bushing, can thus be at its end due to the electrical connection. fertilizer can also be brought to earth potential. In this way, the high voltage along the connection part and the pipe segments can be reduced effectively and reliably (ie, for example, quasi-linearly and with an almost constant field strength over the entire length of the pipe).
  • connection part has a clear cross-sectional area size that changes along a flow direction, the clear cross-sectional area size close to the air supply area or the air discharge area of the throttle being greater than further away from it.
  • the clear cross-sectional area size can, for example, close to the air supply area or the air discharge area of the throttle (at least approximately) equal to the diameter of the throttle or even be larger than the diameter of the throttle.
  • cooling air can be effectively supplied to all of the cooling lines of the throttle, e.g., which are radially spaced apart, and also, all cooling lines, e.g.
  • the clear cross-sectional area size can, for example, increase linearly along the vertical or increase non-linearly, so that there is, for example, an area in which the clear cross-sectional area size increases very sharply or rapidly (along a center line of the access area) and other areas in which the clear cross-sectional area size increases less strongly.
  • connection part can be chosen to optimize a flow of cooling air into the cooling lines of the throttle body in or out of the cooling lines, in particular with regard to reducing turbulence, for example in order to achieve a laminar flow and uniform flow of the To achieve cooling air channels in the throttle body.
  • connection part for example the air supply pipe system and / or of the air discharge pipe system
  • connection part has a substantially cylindrically symmetrical shape and is in particular funnel-shaped. An effective distribution or collection of the cooling air in the supply area or discharge area can thus be achieved.
  • At least one pipe segment has a clear cross-sectional area size that is essentially constant along a direction of flow.
  • Each pipe segment can be essentially cylindrically symmetrical.
  • Conventionally available pipe segments such as electrically non-conductive plastic pipe segments, can thus be used in embodiments.
  • the pipe segments can be connected to one another in a straight line or in a wavy line or in a zigzag line (e.g. plugged into one another) in order to achieve a desired or predetermined total length of the air discharge pipe system or the air supply pipe system, in particular to achieve or achieve a desired creepage distance factor to achieve a desired field strength within the pipe system which, for example, meets safety requirements.
  • connection part of the air supply pipe system and / or the air discharge pipe system is mounted on at least one insulator element that carries the throttle above and isolated from a floor of the building.
  • the throttle can be held by four to ten isolator elements, for example, and these can also be used to hold the air supply pipe system and / or the air discharge pipe system at the same time.
  • a specific or specifically provided for the pipe system bracket in the Be rich of the throttle is not required, but supports in the wide Ren pipe between the wall and the throttle may be required.
  • conventionally available throttles and their brackets can be supported.
  • the electrically conductive material is designed to achieve a potential downshift over an extension of the pipe system. This happens due to an electrical current flowing through the semiconducting coating of the pipe and will cause a voltage drop of between 200 kV and 500 kV operating voltage. This means that the choke can be supported to prepare an electrical voltage for HVDC transmission.
  • the electrically conductive material e.g. the electrically conductive composite material
  • the electrically conductive material can be electrically connected to the high voltage coil winding on one side and connected to earth on the other side.
  • the electrical resistance of this electrically conductive coating can be designed in such a way that there are virtually no measurable electrical losses in the layer so that it is not destroyed by this Joule-like heating and the efficiency of the choke is not impaired.
  • the electrical conductivity can, for example, be so high that electrostatically charged dust particles can discharge (through the layer). Good electrical conductivity is also an advantage for constant field distribution over the length of the pipe.
  • the square resistance of the layer can be greater than 1 * 10 L 5 Ohm, for example, between 1 * 10 L 9 Ohm and 1 * 10 L 12 Ohm with a ventilation pipe length of 10 m and a coil voltage of 500 kV (field strength of 50 V / mm)
  • the electrically conductive material in the access area of the throttle is electrically connected to the conductor of the throttle and is designed to allow an electrical current to flow between the connecting part of the feed pipe system and / or the discharge pipe system. tems and the air supply wall bushing or the air discharge wall bushing, the current being between 0.1 mA and 5 mA.
  • the current flowing through the electrically conductive material is relatively small in order to keep the power loss low. In order to obtain this desired current, the electrically conductive material can be selected appropriately with regard to its electrical resistance.
  • the pipe system being made of insulating plastic, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic, with inner surfaces in particular having smooth surfaces.
  • insulating plastic in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic
  • inner surfaces in particular having smooth surfaces.
  • Conventionally available pipe segments can thus be used.
  • a smooth surface can be advantageous in order to enable a reliably adhering coating through the electrically conductive material or to improve air flow while reducing turbulence.
  • the electrically conductive material comprises an electrically conductive coating on the pipe system, in particular with a uniform thickness; and at least one conductive sleeve in electrical communication with the electrically conductive coating.
  • the electrically conductive coating can be applied particularly easily and can make it possible to cover the pipe system essentially completely by means of the electrically conductive coating. In this way, any dangerous voltages that may occur in an insulating area can be avoided.
  • conductive sleeves in electrical connec tion with the respective electrically conductive coating can be attached, for example screwed, at the ends.
  • the adjoining conductive sleeves eg metal sleeves, or else and preferably also painted “sleeves"
  • the above-mentioned metallically conductive filler is converted into a polymeric binder given and painted in sleeve form on the conductive composite material;
  • Conductive silver paint can also be painted on, etc.
  • electrical sleeves can be provided on the one hand on the connection part and on the other hand on an adjacent pipe segment and are electrically connected by means of a wire. This enables a continuous electrical connection of the entire pipe system from the throttle to the respective wall duct.
  • the electrically conductive coating is at least partially formed by a lacquer, in particular polymerizable lacquer, the lacquer having a duromer and / or elastomer as a binding agent and / or a ceramic material, in particular SiC, as a filler.
  • the coating can be produced in a conventionally available manner.
  • the electrically conductive coating is applied on the outside and / or inside of the pipe system, in particular by means of spraying. If the electrically conductive coating is seen on the outside, an electrical contact to a conductive sleeve can be achieved in a simple manner, which can also be mounted on the outside of a respective raw segment or the connection part. If the electrical coating is applied on the inside, it can be protected from external disruptive influences.
  • the composition and / or thickness of the electrically conductive coating is selected to have a predetermined electrical square resistance, in particular between 10 L 10 and 10 L 12 ohms.
  • a current flow for example between 0.1 mA and 5 mA with expected operating voltages between 200 kV and 500 kV, can be achieved.
  • This can for example by filler size and / or Filler doping can be made possible and can thus be set precisely over decades.
  • a length of the pipe system is selected in order to achieve an electric field strength between 20 V / mm and 100 V / mm during operation.
  • the electrical field strength can thus be in a desired range, in particular within the pipe system on the electrical coating.
  • the device further comprises a protective layer over the electrically conductive material.
  • the protective layer can protect the electrically conductive material from damage.
  • the device furthermore has at least one sensor which is designed to measure at least one of the following within the pipe system: the air flow rate, the cooling air temperature; a smoke concentration;
  • the current path (the connecting wire) can contain a current measuring point to determine the control current currently flowing.
  • a fire can thus also be reliably detected.
  • a fire can also be assigned to the throttle actually affected, if a potentially potential-free connected temperature measurement (e.g. by means of a radio sensor) is incorporated directly in the individual exhaust air duct of a throttle body.
  • a potentially potential-free connected temperature measurement e.g. by means of a radio sensor
  • the temperature sensor can also be of the conventional type and work on earth potential.
  • the device furthermore has at least one fan (or ventilator) in order to supply cooling air to the pipe system and / or to remove it from the pipe system.
  • the fan can be provided, for example, in the air supply wall bushing and / or in the Be Heilab Technologywandungs trim entry.
  • a flow rate of the cooling air through the throttle can be set as desired by means of the fan.
  • the ventila tor can be adjustable with respect to its cooling air flow rate.
  • the fan can be set to a higher throughput when the cooling air is relatively warm compared to the situation when the cooling air is relatively cold.
  • the device furthermore has a CCg storage unit which is coupled to the pipe system, in particular the air supply pipe system, in order to conduct CO 2 into the cooling lines of the throttle.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • a building comprising a building wall which delimits an interior space; at least one throttle, in particular special air throttle, within the interior; and a device according to one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the building can be understood as synonymous with a hall or synonymously with a room.
  • the building or the room or the hall furthermore has at least one converter within the interior space which is electrically connected to the throttle.
  • the converter can be provided for converting alternating current into direct current or for converting direct current into alternating current.
  • the converter can, for example, have a series connection of high-power transistors for each phase to be converted (for example for each of, for example, three phases).
  • the high-power transistors eg IGBTs
  • the DC voltage can However, due to the non-ideal conversion, they still have alternating current components, which can subsequently be reduced in amplitude by the electrical throttle.
  • the converter arm throttle also effectively limits strong transient current increases in fault conditions of the system.
  • the converter is designed to convert an AC voltage into DC voltage, in particular between 200 kV and 500 kV, and the choke is connected to remove unwanted residual AC components in order to generate a DC voltage. Voltage suitable for high voltage direct current transmission. Thus, an improved HVDC can be carried out.
  • a method of guiding cooling air for cooling an electrical choke located in a building which has cooling lines between turns of a conductor, the method comprising: guiding the cooling air in a pipe system which is supplied by at least one Access area to the cooling lines of the throttle up to at least egg ner wall penetration in a wall of the building is enough, wherein an electrically conductive material is attached to the pipe system and is electrically connected to the conductor of the throttle.
  • the method further comprises reducing a voltage along the pipe system by means of an electrical current flow in the electrically conductive material between the access area and the wall duct.
  • a throttle is provided with a device for guiding cooling air of the throttle.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates, in a side sectional view, a device with an embodiment of the present invention for guiding cooling air for cooling an electrical throttle together with the electrical throttle;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic representation in sectional view of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention with a converter and a throttle and a device for guiding cooling air;
  • Fig. 3 illustrates in a schematic view from above a building or a room according to an embodiment of the present invention with converters, chokes and a cooling air supply device according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • the throttle illustrated schematically in sectional view in FIG. 1 with a device for guiding cooling air 100 comprises a device 100 for guiding cooling air for cooling a throttle 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention and the throttle 101.
  • the device 100 for guiding cooling air 103 or 105 (ie supply air 103 and discharge air 105) has a pipe system 120 for guiding the cooling air 103, 105 that from at least one access area 107, 109 to cooling lines 111 of the throttle to at least one wall duct 113, 115 in a wall 117, 119 of a room is enough.
  • the device 100 further comprises an electrically conductive material 121 which is attached to the pipe system 120 and is electrically connected to a conductor 123 of the throttle 101.
  • the choke 101 comprises layers of turns of the conductor 123 which are spaced apart radially and between which the cooling lines 111 are provided for cooling the conductor.
  • the electrically conductive material 121 is designed as a coating on the outside of the pipe system 120 and is provided continuously between the throttle 101 and the wall duct 113 or 115.
  • the embodiment 100 of the cooling air guiding device comprises an air supply pipe system 125 which is coupled to an air supply area 107 of the throttle 101 and to an air supply wall duct 113 and is arranged and designed to divert the cooling air 103 through the air supply wall duct 113 from an area 127 to supply the cooling lines 111 outside the building.
  • the pipe system 120 further comprises an air discharge pipe system 129 which is coupled to an air discharge region 109 of the throttle 101 and to an air discharge wall duct 115 and is arranged and designed to discharge the cooling air 105 (after flowing through the cooling lines 111) from the cooling lines 111 through the air discharge wall duct 115 into an area 127 outside the building.
  • an air discharge pipe system 129 which is coupled to an air discharge region 109 of the throttle 101 and to an air discharge wall duct 115 and is arranged and designed to discharge the cooling air 105 (after flowing through the cooling lines 111) from the cooling lines 111 through the air discharge wall duct 115 into an area 127 outside the building.
  • the air supply pipe system 125 has a connection part 131 which is tightly connected to the air supply area 107 of the throttle 101 in communication with the cooling lines 111 and is electrically connected to the conductor 123 of the throttle 111. Furthermore, the air supply pipe system 125 has a plurality of pipe segments 133 which are mechanically and electrically connected to one another and are mechanically and electrically connected at one end to the connection part 131 and are mechanically and electrically connected to the air supply wall bushing 113 at another end. Seals 134 are provided between pipe segments 133.
  • the air discharge pipe system 129 has a connection part 135 which is tightly connected to the air discharge area 109 of the throttle 101 in communication with the cooling lines 111 and is electrically connected to the conductor 123 of the throttle (namely on an upper side of the throttle 101).
  • the air discharge pipe system 129 has one or more pipe segments 137 which are mechanically and electrically connected to each other and are mechanically and electrically connected at one end to the connector 135 and at one end are mechanically and electrically connected to the air discharge wall duct 115.
  • connection part 131 of the air supply pipe system 125 has a variable clear cross-sectional area size (symbolized by the diameter DZ) along a flow direction (indicated by air flow arrows 139), the clear cross-sectional area size being larger near the air supply area 107 than further away from it.
  • connection part 135 of the air discharge pipe system 129 has a clear cross-sectional area size that changes along the flow direction 139. ß (symbolized by the diameter DA), which is greater in the air discharge area 109 than further away, ie downstream thereof.
  • the throttle 101 and also the connection parts 131, 135 have an essentially cylindrically symmetrical shape.
  • at least one pipe segment 137 has a clear cross-sectional area size dz that is essentially constant along the flow direction 139.
  • the conductor 123 of the choke 101 is connected to the connection part 131, in particular to the coating 121, via a wire conductor 139.
  • a conductive (me-metallic) sleeve 141 is placed around the outer surface of the pipe segment 133 and fastened and electrically connected to the coating 121 at each end of the pipe section. The two metal sleeves 141 are then connected to one another by an electrical wire 143.
  • the electrically conductive coating 121 can furthermore have one or more protective layers.
  • the device 100 further comprises at least one sensor 145, 147, which can measure, for example, the temperature and / or the smoke concentration within the flow path of the pipe system 100.
  • the device 100 furthermore has at least one fan 149 in order to supply cooling air 103 to the pipe system 120.
  • a ventilator 151 can be provided in order to discharge the cooling air 105 from the pipe system 120.
  • the outermost cylinder 124 of the throttle 101 forms a "blind layer", an outer GRP cylinder that is coated with conductive paint (generally conductive material 121).
  • this blind layer could also be dispensed with Choke then an electrical winding, which is coated on its insulation with the conductive varnish described here.
  • This variant is cheaper, but there is a discontinuity in the cooling (deterioration) and a gap in fire protection, since in the event of a short circuit and subsequent fire in the outermost (current-carrying) position of the throttle then outside when after flooding there is no C02 but normal room air.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic side view of a building 260 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which has a building wall 217, 219 which delimits an interior space 218. Furthermore, the building 260 has at least one throttle 201 within the interior space 218 and a device 200 for supplying cooling air 203 for cooling the throttle 201.
  • the building 260 also has several converters 261, which are connected in series, for example, the last Converter to the conductor 223 of the choke 201 is electrically connected.
  • the building 260 can contain further throttles which are connected to the throttle 201, for example in series.
  • the throttle 201 is supported by a plurality of isolator elements 263 and the air supply pipe system 225 is mounted on at least one of the isolator elements 263 on it.
  • the converters 261 are also supported by insulator elements 265, and, like the throttle, at a distance from a floor 267 of the building 260.
  • the air supply wall duct 213 is located in a side wall 217 of the building 260, while the air discharge wall duct 215 is in a ceiling wall 219 is located.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic plan view of a building 360 according to an embodiment of the present inven tion, which converter 361, chokes 301 and a device 300 for supplying cooling air according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device 300 is designed here to supply all three throttles 301 with cooling air.
  • cooling air is introduced into the pipe system 320 from the outer space 327 via a single (or more) air supply wall duct 313 and then supplied to the throttles 301 in series.
  • a corresponding air discharge pipe system (for example as illustrated in FIGS. 1 or 2) is also provided for each throttle 301.
  • the cooling air can also be discharged through a plurality of air discharge wall ducts 315 via corresponding pipe sections 329.
  • a pipe diameter of pipe segments which can be provided for the supply of the cooling air, can for example be between 500 mm and 1000 mm, in particular about 800 mm.
  • a pipe diameter of pipe segments, which are provided for Abr tion of the air can, for example, between 300 mm and 800 mm, in particular 600 mm, for example.
  • the device 300 for guiding the cooling air 303, 305 furthermore comprises a CCg memory 369, which is coupled to the pipe system 320, in particular to the air supply pipe system 325, in order to supply CO2 (e.g. from CCg bottles 371) into the cooling lines of the throttle 301 conduct.
  • CO2 e.g. from CCg bottles 371
  • This can take place, for example, in the event of a fire, whereby a valve 373 is opened while an air inlet valve 365 is closed, which during normal operation lets in cooling air 303.
  • a diaphragm or a cross-sectional size regulator 375 can be provided on the throttle inlet side.
  • the exhaust air can be extracted from the ceiling by fans or compression.
  • the air throttle is provided with smooth air ducts so that it no longer sucks in the room air from the area around the throttle body, but the throttle body is (if necessary completely) decoupled from the room air and provided with at least one separate supply air duct.
  • An exhaust duct can also be installed as an option.
  • the air duct is made of an electrically insulating plastic, which, however, has a special electrical switch on all surfaces. In the best case, a commercially available tube can be used, which is coated to match (electrically Consum controlled).
  • a significantly lower supply air temperature can be used for throttle cooling in winter (e.g. -5 ° C) than for the adjacent standing converter towers is permitted.
  • Low temperatures significantly extend the service life of the air throttle and, in return, in summer with higher outside air temperatures, the throttle can be exposed to higher supply air temperatures (e.g. 50 ° C) than is permissible for the converter.
  • the electrical control of the air ducts consists of an ohmic coating.
  • a coating should be used which, at operating field strength (about 50 V / mm), has an electrical square resistance in the range of greater than 1 * 10 L 6 ohms, e.g. 1 * 10 L 9 - 1 * 10 L 13 ohms or 1 * 10 L 9 - 1 * 10 L 11 Ohm is preferred but has an electrical square resistance of 1 * 10 L 11 Ohm.
  • the air ducts do not have a ribbed design, but rather they have a smooth surface that borrowed is easier to implement. In addition, smooth surfaces are easier to coat, especially on the inside of the air duct.
  • a smooth-walled pipe also offers the advantage that less dust is deposited on the surface than in a ribbed pipe and that cleaning is easier.
  • the air duct can then consist of any electrically and mechanically sufficiently strong material. Ideally, a flame-retardant plastic, available as standard on the market, with suitable duct diameters is used. Materials from which such pipes can be made are, for example, fiber-reinforced thermosets such as glass fiber-reinforced epoxies, but also extruded thermoplastics such as PVC.
  • the supply air ducts are brought together at the bottom of the three throttles in the star point, i.e. on a DC voltage polarity, on a collecting duct, so that only one common, electrically controlled supply air duct is required from the collecting pipe, which contains the necessary creepage distance and the voltage cut-off .
  • the air duct is attached to the throttle at the bottom (and optionally also at the top) in an airtight manner using a cross-section reducer, ie there is no incorrect air flow past the throttle body on the outside or through the empty part of the throttle area on the inside.
  • the result is an efficient air throughput that only flows in front of the winding parts that are to be cooled, so the amount of cooling air required is minimal.
  • the supply air can flow in under the throttle in an air outlet funnel and the air intake can also be designed in a funnel shape, but can be positioned above the throttle. Regardless of which version is used, in both cases the air outlet and the air suction are electrically connected to the throttle. In such a way that the lowest inductor winding (usually the potential of the lower star support) is electrically connected to the air outlet and the top winding of the coil (usually the potential of the upper star support) is connected to the air suction.
  • the respective end of the supply and exhaust ducts must be electrically connected to the ground potential at their ends facing away from the throttle.
  • the channel> 8 m long would have to be selected.
  • the operating field strength in the ohmic coating can also be selected to be smaller or larger, but should not deviate from the order of magnitude.
  • Polymer-based paints can be used as materials for the high-resistance coating.
  • a paint is built up from a binder, a solvent and a filler.
  • a duromer (possibly also an elastomer) should be selected as the binding agent. Examples would be based on epoxy, polyurethane, polyesterimide, or the like.
  • a silicone for example, could be chosen as the elastomer.
  • a ceramic filler which is preferably not an oxide, should be selected as the filler.
  • a silicon carbide could be chosen.
  • an oxidic ceramic doped or undoped could be selected, such as antimony-doped tin oxide.
  • the electrical resistance can be adjusted via the filler concentration, the particle size and the doping.
  • the filler concentration should be selected so high that the filler is overpercular. This means that the electrical resistance hardly changes with a slightly reduced or slightly increased filler concentration in the paint. As a result, not only is the conduction path concentration high, but the fluctuation in the electrical resistance of the paint is also reduced.
  • the resistance should be set using the particle size and / or the doping. If doping of silicon carbide (SiC) is required, then preferably with aluminum. Otherwise the resistance should be adjusted via the particle size. The following applies: the larger the particles, the lower the electrical resistance. Typical filler weights for SiC are between 60 - 95% by weight based on the total paint without solvents.
  • Organic solvents with a polarity similar to that of the binder are preferably used as the solvent or solvent mixture.
  • a solvent mixture with at least one low and one medium boiler is effective. The solvent is used to lower the viscosity of the paint so that it can be sprayed using low pressure.
  • the most suitable paint application is wet painting with low pressure (up to max. 10 bar compressed air).
  • Other coating processes such as thermal spraying, dipping, fluidized bed sintering, etc. are also conceivable.
  • a metallic contact is preferred as expedient.
  • a metallic sleeve is glued onto the plastic pipe, possibly in one The groove is countersunk in the pipe in such a way that this sleeve is applied to the end of a pipe segment in a rotationally symmetrical manner and completely circumferentially on the pipe.
  • each end of a pipe is fitted with a metallic sleeve in this way, the sleeves can be connected to one another via the stranded cable.
  • the subsequent painting of the pipes ensures a good connection of the paint to the metallic sleeves.
  • the potential build-up or reduction then takes place exclusively in the paint and not in the metallic sleeve.
  • One embodiment includes, in addition to the potential-controlling lacquer layer, the application of an additional, second lacquer layer to the high-resistance, potential-controlling layer described above.
  • This additional layer is characterized by the fact that it is dirt-repellent and that the high-resistance, underlying layer is protected mechanically, for example.
  • Such a second layer should be particularly smooth, very thin and electrically insulating.
  • the current-carrying, potential-controlling high-resistance layer is usually about 50-150 ⁇ m thick.
  • the dirt-repellent or mechanically protective layer is about 20-100 ⁇ m thick.
  • the speed of the air flow in the air channels of the bobbin is expediently increased by the appropriate set pressure in the above-described supply air or from air channels compared to the natural convection through the channels.
  • This increases the efficiency of the cooling of the winding body.
  • the channel cross-sections in the winding body of the throttle can be reduced, the throttle can be built smaller and lighter overall.
  • the effective air flow through the throttle body is increased - and at the same time the total amount of air required is smaller than with natural convection with numerous bypass paths inside and outside the throttle body.
  • the winding body can therefore be smaller, lighter and due to the shorter conductor length with increased efficiency.
  • a fire extinguishing device is integrated in the supply air duct at ground potential, i.e. at the inlet of the supply air duct, for example after shutting off the fresh air supply and feeding C02 from a gas storage tank into the supply air duct, a fire - even from an extremely heated and Usually not self-extinguishing throttle section - be deleted:
  • the throttle is completely flooded with C02 from below. This can be done quickly and efficiently because the volume of space to be flooded is comparatively small. (Great improvement in efficiency compared to C02 flooding of a complete converter room, as is common on some offshore platforms today).
  • a second, fire-retardant silicone coating is also applied to the electrically actuating coating on the outside of the throttle's blind position and on the air duct.
  • the contact is ensured by covering the coating around the entire edge of the air duct.
  • an elastic, semiconducting seal is placed in the space between the contacting air duct parts, which ensures elasticity and extensive contacting over the comparatively thin control layer (e.g. 0.2mm), thickness for example 3mm.
  • a defined non-linearity can be set in the electrical resistance layer of the lacquer.
  • This non-linearity can be described by the non-linear exponent "alpha", which describes the slope of the characteristic in a current-voltage diagram.
  • the non-linear exponent alpha is around 3-4 . This resistance property now ensures that in electrically highly stressed areas with high field strength, the electric field is shifted to areas with lower field strength. This would be the case, for example, with curved air ducts on the inside (direction of curvature) a kind of equalization of the current density within the lacquer layer.
  • the air duct pieces that are installed close to the star point of the choke are attached to the choke post insulators. All air duct sections further away are suspended from the ceiling using suspension insulators.
  • the routing of the air ducts are not in a straight line along the shortest distance to the floor and the hall ceiling, but they are guided over an extended path, ie zigzag to the ground potential on the floor and in the hall ceiling. This ensures the required creepage distance on the surface of the air duct.
  • Preparation of the supply air a) Only supply air duct, but no exhaust air duct available: the warm exhaust air from the throttles goes into the converter hall: The supply air from the throttles must then have the same air quality as the room air in the converter room, but the recooling can take place separately so that low supply air temperatures can be reached. Useful for mainly cold locations due to geographic reasons.
  • Supply air duct and exhaust air duct installed The air circuit of the throttles can be completely decoupled from the converter room, the air quality can be worse (because throttles are more robust against contamination.
  • the pipe system can have ribbed surfaces.
  • the shorter length finned tube harbors electrical risks and numerous challenges during production. There is a risk of internal contamination of a finned tube during operation. Cleaning is hardly possible, and uniform application of an electrical control system hardly appears to be feasible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (100) permettant d'acheminer de l'air de refroidissement (103, 105) destiné au refroidissement d'une bobine d'arrêt électrique (101) qui, située dans un bâtiment (260) ou dans un hall, présente des lignes de refroidissement (111) entre des spires d'un conducteur (123), le dispositif comprenant : un système tubulaire (120) permettant d'acheminer l'air de refroidissement (103, 105) qui, depuis l'au moins une zone d'accès (107, 109) amenant aux lignes de refroidissement (111) de la bobine d'arrêt (101), aboutit à au moins une traversée murale (113, 115) ménagée dans un mur (117, 119) du bâtiment ; et un matériau électro-conducteur (121) qui est monté sur le système tubulaire (120) et qui est électriquement relié au conducteur (123) de la bobine d'arrêt (101), ainsi qu'au mur de mise à la terre du bâtiment.
EP19821045.2A 2019-12-04 2019-12-04 Dispositif de refroidissement pour bobine d'arrêt électrique Pending EP4070347A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2019/083658 WO2021110255A1 (fr) 2019-12-04 2019-12-04 Dispositif de refroidissement pour bobine d'arrêt électrique

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EP4070347A1 true EP4070347A1 (fr) 2022-10-12

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Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7308162U (de) * 1973-03-03 1973-08-23 Bode D & Co Elektrisch leitfahiges und flammwidnges Kunststoff Rohr
DE3721901A1 (de) * 1987-07-02 1989-01-12 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Schaltschrank
AT507024B1 (de) * 2008-06-30 2011-10-15 Coil Holding Gmbh Drosselspule für elektrische energieversorgungsnetze mit reduzierten schallemissionen
ES2407829T3 (es) * 2008-08-07 2013-06-14 Starkstrom-Geratebau Gmbh Sistema de transformador
CN201509010U (zh) * 2009-09-28 2010-06-16 合肥阳光电源有限公司 一种大功率变流器主电路柜的散热风道
CN201812631U (zh) * 2010-10-13 2011-04-27 广东精达里亚特种漆包线有限公司 一种干式变压器冷却装置
US9618145B2 (en) * 2013-06-10 2017-04-11 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Duct with electrically conductive coating
CN103426593B (zh) * 2013-08-05 2016-05-25 大同(上海)有限公司 通风型非晶质干式变压器隔音外箱
CN103441689B (zh) * 2013-09-13 2016-03-23 南车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 一种模块化光伏并网逆变器结构
CN103943312B (zh) * 2014-04-10 2016-03-09 昆山达功电子有限公司 一种防火变压器外壳
CN105161253B (zh) * 2015-10-23 2018-03-27 广州供电局有限公司 风冷型干式空心电抗器结构
CN109616881A (zh) * 2018-11-10 2019-04-12 盐城紫环工业机械有限公司 一种用于高压设备的灭火装置

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