EP4070023A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben einer luftzerlegungsanlage mit einem destillationssäulensystem, einem wärmetauscher und einem adsorber sowie luftzerlegungsanlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben einer luftzerlegungsanlage mit einem destillationssäulensystem, einem wärmetauscher und einem adsorber sowie luftzerlegungsanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP4070023A1 EP4070023A1 EP20812219.2A EP20812219A EP4070023A1 EP 4070023 A1 EP4070023 A1 EP 4070023A1 EP 20812219 A EP20812219 A EP 20812219A EP 4070023 A1 EP4070023 A1 EP 4070023A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- operating mode
- air
- compressed air
- period
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04787—Heat exchange, e.g. main heat exchange line; Subcooler, external reboiler-condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
- F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
- F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
- F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
- F25J3/04721—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column
- F25J3/04727—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column using an auxiliary pure argon column for nitrogen rejection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
- F25J3/04818—Start-up of the process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
- F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/02—Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an air separation plant with a distillation column system set up for low-temperature rectification, a heat exchanger and an adsorber as well as a corresponding air separation plant according to the preambles of the respective independent claims.
- heat exchangers are operated with cryogenic fluids, ie fluids with temperatures well below 0 ° C, in particular well below -100 ° C.
- cryogenic fluids ie fluids with temperatures well below 0 ° C, in particular well below -100 ° C.
- the present invention is described below mainly with reference to the main heat exchangers of air separation plants, to which air that has already been dried in an adsorber and freed from carbon dioxide is supplied for cooling.
- the invention does not relate to systems which have heat exchangers which are used to freeze water and carbon dioxide from air and which are therefore operated cyclically in order to remove frozen water and carbon dioxide from the heat exchanger from time to time.
- heat exchangers in air separation plants achieve temperature equalization and heat up when the plant is at a standstill and thus when the heat exchanger is shut down, or the temperature profile that forms in a corresponding heat exchanger in stationary operation cannot be maintained in such a case.
- the temperatures at the previously warm end and at the previously cold end are equalized due to the good heat conduction (longitudinal heat conduction) in its metallic material.
- the previously warm end of the heat exchanger becomes colder over time and the previously cold end of the heat exchanger becomes warmer until the temperatures mentioned are at or near an average temperature.
- the temperatures which were around -175 ° C or + 20 ° C at the time of shutdown, equalize over several hours and almost reach the mean temperature.
- the present invention therefore has the particular object of specifying measures which enable a heat exchanger of an air separation plant to be restarted even after a long period of shutdown without the aforementioned disadvantageous effects occurring.
- the present invention proposes a method for operating an air separation plant with a distillation column system set up for low temperature rectification, a heat exchanger and an adsorber and a corresponding air separation plant with the features of the respective independent claims.
- a “heat exchanger” is an apparatus which is designed for the indirect transfer of heat between at least two fluid flows, for example, which are guided in countercurrent to one another.
- a heat exchanger for use in the context of the present invention can be formed from a single or a plurality of heat exchanger sections connected in parallel and / or in series, for example from one or more plate heat exchanger blocks.
- a heat exchanger has “passages” that are set up for fluid guidance and are fluidically separated from other passages by separating plates or are only connected on the inlet and outlet side via the respective headers. The passage from the outside is separated by side bars. The passages mentioned are referred to below as “heat exchanger passages”.
- heat exchanger and “heat exchanger” are used synonymously. The same applies to the terms “heat exchange” and “heat exchange”.
- the "main heat exchanger” of an air separation plant is characterized by the fact that at least the majority of the air to be broken down and the air products formed is passed through it.
- the present invention relates in particular to the apparatus referred to in the German version of ISO 15547-2: 2005 as plate-fin heat exchangers. If a “heat exchanger” is used below, this should therefore be understood in particular to be a fin-plate heat exchanger.
- a fin-plate heat exchanger has a large number of flat chambers or elongated channels lying one above the other, which are separated from one another by corrugated or otherwise structured and interconnected, for example soldered plates, usually made of aluminum. The panels are stabilized by means of the side strips and connected to one another via these.
- the structuring of the heat exchanger plates serves in particular to enlarge the heat exchange surface, but also to increase the stability of the heat exchanger.
- the invention particularly relates to brazed fin and plate heat exchangers made of aluminum. In principle, however, corresponding heat exchangers can also be made from other materials, for example from stainless steel, or from various different materials.
- Air separation plants have distillation column systems that can conventionally be designed, for example, as two-column systems, in particular as classic Linde double-column systems, but also as three-column or multi-column systems.
- distillation columns for obtaining nitrogen and / or oxygen in the liquid and / or gaseous state i.e. the distillation columns for nitrogen-oxygen separation
- distillation columns for obtaining further air components in particular the noble gases krypton, xenon and / or argon
- rectification” and “distillation” and “column” and “column” or terms composed of these are used synonymously.
- the present invention is suitable for air separation plants with any distillation column systems that are operated at cryogenic temperatures, i.e. at least partially less than -100 ° C.
- cryogenic temperatures i.e. at least partially less than -100 ° C.
- the air supplied to an air separation plant is first compressed in the so-called main air compressor to a pressure level that varies according to the specific
- the mode of operation of the air separation plant is directed and can typically be at the highest operating pressure in the distillation column system or significantly above it.
- the air heats up during this compression and is therefore first cooled in a direct contact cooler. This cooling reduces the moisture content of the water-saturated air and in this way reduces the effort for the subsequent drying.
- the air now also contains carbon dioxide in particular.
- Water and carbon dioxide have to be removed, since during the subsequent cooling in the main heat exchanger by desublimation or freezing out, solids can form, which gradually clog or block the heat exchanger.
- Hydrocarbons in the air can also be problematic because they are less volatile than nitrogen and oxygen and can therefore collect in the liquid oxygen that is formed, for example, in the bottom of the low-pressure column.
- Adsorbers are used to remove the components mentioned, at least in air separation plants of the newer type.
- an adsorber in an air separation plant typically has adsorption vessels arranged in pairs, which are switched between adsorption and regeneration mode.
- Zeolites which act as molecular sieves, are typically used as adsorption material.
- An adsorption cycle typically lasts between 1.5 hours and 6 hours and is carried out at the pressure level of the compressed air. Before the regeneration, the pressure is typically released to ambient pressure within approx. 10 minutes.
- the regeneration is carried out using a dry flow of regeneration gas in a countercurrent direction. The regeneration is divided into a heating phase, in which the regeneration gas flow is heated, and a subsequent cooling phase with cold regeneration gas. This is followed by a pressure build-up phase of approx. 20 minutes.
- gaseous and essentially water- and carbon dioxide-free compressed air is provided, which can be cooled in the main heat exchanger.
- the present invention does not relate to systems in which, as for example in US Pat. No. 3,469,271 A, corresponding components are removed from the compressed air used by freezing them out.
- an "air product” is used here, this is understood to mean a gas or a liquid or a medium in the supercritical state that has one or more components contained in atmospheric air, but no other (non-air) components.
- the one or more components from the atmospheric air may be present in the air product in the same or different absolute or relative proportions than in the atmospheric air.
- An air product or another fluid is "free” of water and carbon dioxide in the sense to be understood here if it has no detectable proportions of water and carbon dioxide. It can also be “substantially” free of water and carbon dioxide in the commonly understood sense, so that water and carbon dioxide are not contained in effective amounts. In particular, there may be residual contents of up to a few ppm (parts per million) of water and carbon dioxide without the relevant residual contents affecting the essential properties of the feed air or a corresponding air product with regard to the processing in the heat exchanger.
- cold gas from a tank or exhaust gas from the stationary system can flow through a (main) heat exchanger of an air separation plant when the associated plant is idle in order to avoid heating or that in stationary operation (i.e. in particular the usual production operation of a corresponding plant System) to maintain a trained temperature profile.
- stationary operation i.e. in particular the usual production operation of a corresponding plant System
- heat from the surroundings can also be introduced there via thermal bridges in order to avoid the cooling of the warm end of a corresponding heat exchanger. If there is no process unit downstream of the heat exchanger with a significant buffer capacity for cold (e.g. no rectification column system with the accumulation of cryogenic liquids), such as in a pure air liquefaction system, then excessive thermal stresses can occur in the event of sudden The supply of warm process streams at the warm end when restarting can be reduced.
- a significant buffer capacity for cold e.g. no rectification column system with the accumulation of cryogenic liquids
- the supplied warm process streams can be expanded after exiting the cold end of the heat exchanger and returned as cold streams via the cold end to the warm end, so that the heat exchanger slowly returns to its normal temperature profile in this way by means of Joule-Thomson cooling can be.
- the present invention solves this problem as set out in the corresponding independent claims. For this purpose, it proposes a method for operating an air separation plant with a distillation column system set up for low-temperature rectification, a heat exchanger and an adsorber.
- the heat exchanger is in particular the main heat exchanger of the air separation plant.
- the present invention relates in particular to measures that avoid excessive thermal stress on the cold end of the heat exchanger. Such measures can, however, be combined at any time with further measures aimed at reducing thermal stresses at the warm end of the heat exchanger.
- the present invention can also be combined at any time with further measures for temperature control of the cold end of the heat exchanger.
- the present invention proposes carrying out the method in a first operating mode and in a second operating mode, the first operating mode being carried out in a first period and the second operating mode being carried out in a second period and the second period being after the first period.
- the second time period and the first time period do not overlap within the scope of the present invention and are carried out alternately several times.
- the first time period or the first operating mode carried out in this first time period corresponds to the production operation of a corresponding air separation plant, that is to say that operating period in which liquid and / or gaseous air products are provided.
- the second operating mode which is carried out in the second operating period, represents an operating period in which corresponding air products are not formed.
- Corresponding second periods of time or second operating modes are used in particular to save energy or costs, for example if no air products are required, incentives from the energy market justify a reduction in production, or to carry out maintenance work.
- the heat exchanger is preferably not flowed through in the second operating mode or is flowed through to a significantly lesser extent than in the first operating mode.
- the present invention does not rule out that certain quantities of gases are also passed through a corresponding heat exchanger in the second operating mode, for example in order to maintain or bring it to temperature in support of the measures proposed according to the invention.
- the amount of fluids passed through the heat exchanger in the second operating mode is always well below the amounts of fluids that are passed through the heat exchanger in a regular first operating mode.
- the amount of fluids passed through the heat exchanger in the second operating mode is, within the scope of the present invention, for example, no more than 20%, 10%, 5% or 1% in total, based on the amount of fluid passed through the heat exchanger in the first operating mode.
- the first operating mode and the second operating mode are carried out a number of times in alternation with one another, ie the first operating mode is always followed by the second operating mode and the second Operating mode then the first operating mode again, etc.
- this does not preclude in particular that further operating modes can be provided between the first and the second operating mode or between the second and the first operating mode, in particular the third according to the invention between the second and the first operating mode Operation mode.
- the following sequence results in particular: first operating mode - second operating mode - third operating mode - first operating mode, etc.
- compressed air in the adsorber is at least partially freed from water and carbon dioxide and at least a portion is cooled in the heat exchanger. Furthermore, in the first operating mode, an air product is removed from the distillation column system and at least a portion is heated in the heat exchanger.
- a first end of the heat exchanger at which the compressed air to be cooled is fed in and the heated air product is removed, is brought to a first temperature level.
- a second end of the heat exchanger at which the air product to be heated is fed in and the cooled compressed air is withdrawn, is brought to a second temperature level below the first temperature level.
- the first temperature level corresponds in particular to the ambient temperature and includes, for example, temperatures from 0 to 50 ° C.
- the second temperature level corresponds in particular to the removal temperature of the air product from the distillation column system and is preferably at clearly cryogenic temperatures, in particular from -50 ° C to -200 ° C, for example from -100 ° C to -200 ° C or from -150 ° C to -200 ° C.
- the specifically addressed compressed air or a specifically addressed air product is correspondingly cooled or heated, it is of course not excluded that further fluid flows can also be cooled or heated.
- Corresponding further fluid flows can have the same or a different composition.
- compressed air can be provided in the form of a total flow from which several partial flows can be formed and cooled to the same or different temperatures.
- several fluid flows can also be used Distillation column system or a corresponding storage system taken and heated together or separately from one another in the heat exchanger.
- Corresponding fluid flows can also be divided into two or more partial flows in the heat exchanger, for example, which are taken from the heat exchanger at the same or different temperatures. It is of course also possible to feed in a further fluid flow in the heat exchanger and to further heat a collective flow formed in this way in the heat exchanger. In any case, however, compressed air and an air product (alone or together with further flows as explained above) are cooled or heated in the heat exchanger.
- the cooling of the compressed air and the heating of the air product in the heat exchanger are partially or completely suspended within the scope of the present invention.
- these fluids which are passed through the heat exchanger in the first operating mode and are cooled or heated in the heat exchanger
- no fluid can be passed through the heat exchanger.
- the compressed air or the air product that is passed through the heat exchanger and cooled or heated in the first operating mode it is also possible to pass other fluid flows through the heat exchanger, in particular in significantly smaller quantities.
- the invention relates in particular to measures that prevent excessive temperature stresses occurring on the prevent cold end of the heat exchanger.
- One aspect of the present invention is that in the second operating mode it is allowed that the second end of the heat exchanger, to which the air product to be heated is supplied and the cooled compressed air is removed in the first operating mode, is heated from the second temperature level to a higher temperature level .
- this involves heating to the third temperature level, as will also be explained below with reference to the third operating mode.
- the third temperature level can be at a mean temperature between the first and the second temperature level lie or deviate therefrom, in particular by no more than 10 K.
- the first end of the heat exchanger to which the compressed air to be cooled is supplied and the heated air product removed in the first operating mode, can also cool down, although the present invention primarily does not concern measures that regulate the temperature of the heat exchanger at this first end , the "warm end".
- a third operating mode is carried out in a third period between the second period and the first period or a further first period which follows a previous second period in the multiple alternating operation.
- This third operating mode is used in particular to control the temperature of the second, i.e. cold end of the heat exchanger, which has heated up to the third temperature level in the manner explained during the second operating mode because a corresponding heating has been permitted, for example by not controlling the temperature in this second operating mode.
- the third operating mode is carried out in particular to bring the second, i.e.
- the third operating mode is therefore advantageously carried out immediately before a subsequent renewed first period of time.
- compressed air in the adsorber is at least partially freed from water and carbon dioxide and at least partially cooled in the heat exchanger.
- the air product is removed from the distillation column system and at least a portion is heated in the heat exchanger.
- an adjustable proportion of the compressed air cooled in the heat exchanger or an adjustable amount of further Compressed air which has been at least partially freed of water and carbon dioxide in the adsorber, but has not been cooled in the heat exchanger, is fed to the air product before it is heated in the heat exchanger.
- the compressed air in the third operating mode is initially not cooled down as much as when the capacity is fully restored later
- the temperature to which the compressed air is or can be cooled is significantly higher in the third operating mode than in the first operating mode.
- the cooled compressed air can therefore be used for temperature control in the third operating mode, in that it is fed in an adjustable amount to the air product, which is present at significantly lower temperatures.
- the compressed air, which has not yet cooled down, naturally has a significantly higher temperature and can therefore also be used in a corresponding manner.
- a cold end of a heat exchanger is not immediately exposed to cryogenic fluids after a longer standstill phase in which this cold end has warmed up, but can be cooled down gradually.
- the third operating mode is advantageously carried out until the first end is again at the first temperature level or has come sufficiently close to it and until the second end is again at the second temperature level or has come close enough to it.
- a “sufficient approximation” can exist in particular in the case of a temperature difference which is below a predetermined threshold of, for example, 30, 20, 10 or 5 K or can be taken from applicable regulations.
- the temperature level of a fluid flow which is formed from the air product and the proportion of compressed air or the further compressed air in the third operating mode, can be successively reduced.
- a corresponding successive lowering can include a gradual and / or gradual lowering within the scope of the present invention.
- a gradient the lowering can be adapted to the prevailing temperatures or material parameters (for example thermal compatibilities or stress resistances), in particular with regard to its steepness.
- a gradual or step-by-step lowering does not have to take place continuously over the entire third time period, rather lowering periods with different gradients can also be used.
- the successive lowering can include setting an amount of the supplied compressed air.
- the setting of the amount advantageously includes the use of a control and / or regulating device, as already explained above.
- the air product mentioned above can in particular be so-called impure nitrogen, ie a nitrogen-containing fluid with an oxygen content of, for example, up to 21% (typically up to 10%), which is taken from a low-pressure column of the distillation column system, i.e. a distillation column that is on a Pressure level of 1 to 2 bar (abs.), In particular 1, 1 to 1, 3 bar (abs.) Is operated.
- impure nitrogen ie a nitrogen-containing fluid with an oxygen content of, for example, up to 21% (typically up to 10%)
- a low-pressure column of the distillation column system i.e. a distillation column that is on a Pressure level of 1 to 2 bar (abs.), In particular 1, 1 to 1, 3 bar (abs.) Is operated.
- the present invention also extends to an air separation plant which is designed as specified in the corresponding independent claim.
- an air separation plant which is designed as specified in the corresponding independent claim.
- FIG. 1 illustrates temperature profiles in a heat exchanger after shutdown without the use of measures according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement with a heat exchanger.
- Figure 3 illustrates a further arrangement with a heat exchanger.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an air separation plant that can be operated in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a further arrangement with a heat exchanger.
- Figure 1 illustrates temperature profiles in a heat exchanger after shutdown without the use of measures according to advantageous embodiments of the present invention in the form of a temperature diagram.
- a temperature labeled F1 at the warm end of a corresponding heat exchanger and a temperature labeled C at the cold end are shown in ° C on the ordinate versus a time in hours on the abscissa.
- the temperature Fl at the warm end of the heat exchanger at the beginning of the shutdown which still corresponds to the temperature in regular operation of the heat exchanger, is approx. + 20 ° C and the temperature C at the cold end is approx. -175 ° C. Over time, these temperatures increasingly converge.
- the high thermal conductivity of the materials built into the heat exchanger is responsible for this. In other words, here heat flows from the warm end towards the cold end. Together with the heat input from the environment, this results in an average temperature of approx. -90 ° C.
- the significant increase in temperature at the cold end is largely due to the internal temperature equalization in the heat exchanger and only to a lesser extent due to external heat input.
- thermal stresses can arise in the case shown if the warm end of the heat exchanger is exposed to a warm fluid of approx. 20 ° C. in the example shown after regeneration for some time without further measures.
- thermal stresses can also arise if a system downstream of the heat exchanger immediately supplies cryogenic fluids again, for example cryogenic gases from a rectification column system of an air separation system.
- the present invention particularly addresses the latter problem.
- FIG. 2 shows an arrangement with a heat exchanger 1 in which the measures proposed according to the invention are not implemented.
- the heat exchanger 1 has a heat exchange region 10, to which fluids are supplied and removed at a first, ie warm end 11 and from which fluids are also supplied or withdrawn at a second, ie cold end 12.
- a fluid stream A an air product from a distillation column system in an air separation plant, is fed to the heat exchanger 1 at the cold end 12, heated in the heat exchange area 10 of the heat exchanger 1, and removed again at the warm end 11.
- the first fluid flow A is heated accordingly.
- a second fluid stream in an air separation plant, compressed air from an adsorber
- first and second temperature levels are established at the warm end 11 and the cold end 12. If the supply of the fluid flows A and B is prevented, the temperatures therefore change accordingly and, in particular, the temperature at the cold end 12 increases accordingly to a “third” temperature level.
- this fluid flow A can here, if necessary, be formed using a first output flow A1 and a second output flow A2.
- the first output current A1 and the second output current A2 are branched off from a base current A0 or the base current AO is divided into the output currents A1 and A2.
- the output flow A1 is used to form the first fluid flow A under restriction by a control element 14, which can in particular be controlled by a suitable control or regulating device 2, for example a controllable or regulatable valve.
- the output current A2 is passed through a heater 15 and heated therein. After the heating, the substream A2 is combined with the substream A1.
- This mixed temperature can be set by setting the respective proportions of the first and second output streams A1, A2 or a quantity of the energy introduced via the heater 15. As mentioned, the temperature level is particularly gradually reduced.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an arrangement with a heat exchanger 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a control element 14 is arranged here in such a way that, if necessary, part of the cooled compressed air in the form of fluid flow B can be fed as a second output flow A2 to an output flow A1 and can thus be used to form fluid flow A, which otherwise comprises an air product.
- a mixed temperature can be obtained.
- a corresponding control element 14 is provided so that the fluid flow A can be formed from uncooled compressed air that is otherwise used to form the material flow B is used, so that a corresponding mixed temperature can also be obtained here.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an air separation plant with a heat exchanger, which can be operated using a method according to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention.
- Air separation plants of the type shown are, as mentioned, often described elsewhere, for example at Fl.-W. Häring (Ed.), Industrial Gases Processing, Wiley-VCH, 2006, in particular Section 2.2.5, "Cryogenic Rectification".
- An air separation plant for using the present invention can be designed in the most varied of ways. The use of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment according to FIG.
- the air separation plant shown in FIG. 6 is designated by 100 as a whole. It has, inter alia, a main air compressor 101, a pre-cooling device 102, an adsorber 103, a post-compressor arrangement 104, a main heat exchanger, as the heat exchanger of Figures 2 to 5 denotes with 1, an expansion turbine 106, a throttle device 107, a pump 108 and a distillation column system 110.
- the distillation column system 110 comprises a classic double column arrangement comprising a high pressure column 111 and a low pressure column 112 as well as a crude argon column 113 and a pure argon column 114.
- a feed air stream is sucked in and compressed by means of the main air compressor 101 via a filter (not designated).
- the compressed feed air flow is operated with cooling water Pre-cooling device 102 supplied.
- the pre-cooled feed air stream is purified in the adsorber 103. In the adsorber 103, the precooled feed air stream is largely freed from water and carbon dioxide.
- the feed air flow Downstream of the adsorber 103, the feed air flow is divided into two partial flows. One of the partial flows is completely cooled down to the pressure level of the feed air flow in the main heat exchanger 1. The other partial flow is recompressed in the booster arrangement 104 and also cooled in the main heat exchanger 1, but only to an intermediate temperature level. After cooling to the intermediate temperature level, this so-called turbine stream is expanded to the pressure level of the completely cooled partial stream by means of the expansion turbine 106, combined with it and fed into the high-pressure column 111.
- An oxygen-enriched liquid bottom fraction and a nitrogen-enriched gaseous top fraction are formed in the high-pressure column 111.
- the oxygen-enriched liquid bottom fraction f is withdrawn from the high pressure column 111, partially used as heating medium in a bottom evaporator of the pure argon column 114 and fed in defined proportions into a top condenser of the pure argon column 114, a top condenser of the crude argon column 113 and the low pressure column 112. Fluid evaporating in the evaporation chambers of the top condensers of the crude argon column 113 and the pure argon column 114 is likewise transferred to the low-pressure column 112.
- the gaseous nitrogen-rich top product is withdrawn from the top of the high-pressure column 111, liquefied in a main condenser, which creates a heat-exchanging connection between the high-pressure column 111 and the low-pressure column 112, and fed in portions as a return to the high-pressure column 111 and expanded into the low-pressure column 112.
- An oxygen-rich liquid bottom fraction and a nitrogen-rich gaseous top fraction are formed in the low-pressure column 112.
- the former is partially pressurized in liquid form in the pump 108, heated in the main heat exchanger 105, and made available as a product.
- a liquid nitrogen-rich stream is withdrawn from a liquid retention device at the top of the low-pressure column 112 and used as a Liquid nitrogen product can be exported from the air separation unit 100.
- a gaseous nitrogen-rich stream withdrawn from the top of the low-pressure column 112 is passed through the main heat exchanger 105 and provided as a nitrogen product at the pressure of the low-pressure column 112. From the low-pressure column 112, a stream is also withdrawn from an upper region and, after heating, in the
- Main heat exchanger 1 is used as what is known as impure nitrogen in the pre-cooling device 102 or in the cleaning system 103 after heating by means of an electric heater.
- this impure nitrogen to which the compressed air can be fed in the explained embodiments of the invention in the third operating mode.
- FIG. 7 a further arrangement not according to the invention with a heat exchanger 1 is shown and designated as a whole by 700.
- a circulating stream C is used here, which is compressed on the warm side of the heat exchanger by means of a compressor 701, pre-cooled in a cooler 702, fed to heat exchanger 1 at the warm end 11, taken from heat exchanger 1 at the cold end 12, expanded by means of a valve 703, the Heat exchanger 1 is fed back to the cold end 12, removed from the heat exchanger 1 at the warm end 11 and fed back to the compressor 701.
- the relaxation at valve 703 results in gradual cooling.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19020677 | 2019-12-06 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/025521 WO2021110285A1 (de) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-11-19 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer luftzerlegungsanlage mit einem destillationssäulensystem, einem wärmetauscher und einem adsorber sowie luftzerlegungsanlage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4070023A1 true EP4070023A1 (de) | 2022-10-12 |
Family
ID=68834922
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20812219.2A Pending EP4070023A1 (de) | 2019-12-06 | 2020-11-19 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer luftzerlegungsanlage mit einem destillationssäulensystem, einem wärmetauscher und einem adsorber sowie luftzerlegungsanlage |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12442593B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4070023A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114729780B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021110285A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1322843A (fr) * | 1962-01-05 | 1963-04-05 | Air Liquide | Procédé de fabrication d'air enrichi en oxygène |
| JPS4936109B1 (de) | 1965-11-15 | 1974-09-27 | ||
| GB1216192A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1970-12-16 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Air separation process |
| GB1331458A (en) * | 1970-12-22 | 1973-09-26 | Petrocarbon Dev Ltd | Single column liquid nitrogen plant |
| GB2126700B (en) * | 1982-09-15 | 1985-12-18 | Petrocarbon Dev Ltd | Improvements in the production of pure nitrogen |
| JP2781983B2 (ja) * | 1989-04-17 | 1998-07-30 | 日本酸素株式会社 | 空気液化分離方法及びその装置 |
| US5233839A (en) | 1991-03-13 | 1993-08-10 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process for operating a heat exchanger |
| US5778700A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-07-14 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Method of producing gaseous oxygen at variable rate |
| US20200080773A1 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Zhengrong Xu | Cryogenic air separation unit with flexible liquid product make |
-
2020
- 2020-11-19 EP EP20812219.2A patent/EP4070023A1/de active Pending
- 2020-11-19 WO PCT/EP2020/025521 patent/WO2021110285A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-11-19 US US17/756,747 patent/US12442593B2/en active Active
- 2020-11-19 CN CN202080081839.6A patent/CN114729780B/zh active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20230003446A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
| CN114729780A (zh) | 2022-07-08 |
| WO2021110285A1 (de) | 2021-06-10 |
| US12442593B2 (en) | 2025-10-14 |
| CN114729780B (zh) | 2025-02-25 |
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