EP4065925A1

EP4065925A1 - Front impact fuze with side action and remote blasting

Info

Publication number: EP4065925A1
Application number: EP20719114.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Trifon Ganchev GIDIKOV; Danail Alyoshev CHITAKOV; Nikola Hristov NIKOLOV; Krasimir Vasilev IVANOV
Original assignee: Inovativen Project Plc
Current assignee: Inovativen Project Plc
Priority date: 2019-11-28
Filing date: 2020-02-28
Publication date: 2022-10-05

Abstract

The useful model refers to a forehead impact artillery fuze of a side impact action and remote blasting, ensuring instantaneous operation of ammunition blast charge upon having the ammunition encounter with the barrier at low angles, while increasing the safe distance at the initial section of the trajectory of the ammunition as it takes off from the barrel of the firearm or the grenade launcher. It consists of a housing (1) in the front of which a membrane (16) is mounted, and a protective cover (17) is fixedly mounted above it; a safety mechanism comprising an inertial firing pin (2) is made in the upper part of the housing (1). The pin (2) has a cylindrical-conical shape and a central opening where the reaction firing pin (3) is located.

Description

FOREHEAD IMPACT FUZE WITH SIDE IMPACT ACTION AND REMOTE BLASTING

TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model refers to a forehead impact artillery fuze with side action and remote blasting, to find application in military equipment and is used to complete smooth-barrel artillery arms, grenade and mine launcher firings in combat and training shootings. The forehead impact artillery fuze is used to activate fragmentation and HE-and-fragmentation (high explosive) grenades that form the composition of the shots.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] An 0-4M explosive device with a pneumatic mechanism for remote blasting is known; and it consists of a forehead sleeve, where an inertial safety mechanism is housed in. A specific trait of this construction is that the firing pin of the inertial safety mechanism consists of a wire/nipple and an obturator [obturating ring], that is a piston of a pneumatic mechanism, while the forehead sleeve has the function of a cylinder of the pneumatic mechanism for blasting the explosive device. In the front section of the so mentioned forehead sleeve, a membrane and a pressure cap are provided to tightly seal the explosive device and at the same time create the necessary over-pressure in the pneumatic mechanism. At the rear section of the forehead sleeve, a detonation cup or body with a detonation cup is fixedly mount, having a burst slab in it.

[0003] The described construction of the explosive device has drawbacks in technological and technical difficulties in the design, assembly and setup of the explosive device. Adjusting the time for a remote blasting requires careful selection of the gap between the forehead sleeve and the wire obturator, calling for the production of these high-precision elements, as well as their precise measurement and separation into selective groups. The forehead sleeve is made of high-strength steel alloy with subsequent galvanic metal coating, making it impossible to increase the precision of making the orifice the obturator moves in.

Another disadvantage of the known artillery fuze is the low height of safe - up to 2.5 m.

[0004] An RU2228513C1 mechanical artillery fuze is known, comprising a housing where a piercing mechanism (consisting of a wire/nipple and a capsule detonator) actuates a pyrotechnic stopper of a remote blasting mechanism and pyrotechnic charges of the self-elimination mechanism as well as a shock inertial reaction mechanism mounted at the head of the artillery fuze generates the primary impulse to initiate a capsule detonator mounted in a movable sliding barrier; while in resting position it is offset/shifted relative to the central axis of the artillery fuze.

[0005] The described design of the blasting device provides reliable operation of ammunition that has significantly high accelerations and a presence of rotational motion during firing, i.e. ammunition used for groove rifle shooting and cannon systems.

[0006] An RU2397436C1 mechanical artillery fuze is known, consisting of a housing where the following are located: a reaction firing pin with a wire/nipple, an inertial firing pin with a capsule-detonator, a main protective cartridge, a main protective spring, an upper locking ball, main stopping shots locked in the housing by a membrane covered by a protective cover.

[0007] The described construction design of the explosive device has a small lower limit of long-range of remote blasting or absence of such that determines the safety of the fuse, respectively of the ammunition at firing, and also has a low height of safe fall - about 1.5 m.

[0008] The described known front artillery fuze designs are not effective enough at a short-angle ammunition encounter with the barrier, due to the fact a side impact mechanism is not provided, resulting in a reduced reliability of the artillery fuze operation. Another disadvantage of the one known artillery fuzes is the small lower margin of a remote blasting, which determines the safety of the artillery fuze, or of the ammunition respectively, when firing.

TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0009] The purpose of the utility model is to create a forehead impact artillery fuze with a side impact effect and a remote blasting - being reliable and effective when the ammunition encounters a barrier at various angles - from 0° to 90°, distinguished by an increased safe distance in the initial section of the trajectory of the ammunition as it leaves the barrel of the firearm, trench mortar or the grenade launcher, as well as to have a safe height of ammunition drop without having any additional protective pin; and it should be able to be used at combat firings using various artillery devices.

Another task of the forehead impact artillery fuze is to be reliable and effective at firing using ammunition of significantly small accelerations and absence of a rotation movement at firing.

[0010] The task is solved by a forehead impact artillery fuze with a reaction- inertial action, consisting of a housing where an inertial reaction mechanism is located in, mounted at the forehead of the artillery fuze and comprising a reaction firing pin with a wire/nipple and an inertial firing pin with a capsule-detonator, a remote blasting mechanism, safety springs, a locking ball, locking elements, a membrane and a safety cap.

[0011] According to a variant embodiment of the invention, a membrane is mounted in the forehead of the housing, and a fixed safety cover is mounted over the membrane, attached to the upper part of the housing, in which a safety fuse comprising an inertial impactor is formed/made, with a central orifice where the reaction impactor is located; the safety mechanism also having an inertia lock with a spring, placed in a longitudinal opening, formed in the inertial impactor and displaced parallel to its axis, while a detonating cup is firmly fixed in the lower part of the housing, and the cup has a burst slab and a capsule detonator.

[0012] The task is solved by a forehead impact artillery fuze with a side impact action, consisting of a housing where an inertial reaction mechanism is located in, mounted at the forehead of the artillery fuze and comprising a reaction firing pin with a wire/nipple and an inertial firing pin with a capsule-detonator of a piercing type, a remote blasting mechanism, safety springs, a locking ball, locking elements, a membrane and a safety cap.

[0013] According to the invention, a membrane is mounted in the forehead of the housing and a safety cover is fixedly mounted over it, attached steadily to the upper part of the housing where a safety mechanism is made, comprising an inertial firing pin of a cylindrical-conical shape and a central orifice where the reaction firing pin is located; the safety mechanism also has an inertia lock with a spring placed in a longitudinal orifice formed in the inertial firing pin and shifted parallel to its axis, while a bottom sleeve is located at the bottom of the housing, where the side impact mechanism is located, consisting of a side-impact washer with a conical orifice where the conical part - identical in shape - of the inertial firing pin is located; and a safety fuse is placed under the side-impact washer, while a detonation cup (with a burst slab and a capsule detonator) is fixedly mounted to the bottom part of the bottom sleeve.

[0014] The reaction firing pin is made as a monolithic body located in a housing opening of diameter D1 produced with high accuracy, wherein the cylindrical portion of the reaction firing pin head is filled with diameter D of high accuracy, where : 0,007 mm < (Dl-D) < 0,025 mm and of length d from 0.2 D to 0.35 D.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the artillery fuze, an inclined orifice A is formed in the inertial firing pin, which houses the locking ball of the reaction firing pin.

[0016] The spring of the inertial locking pin is located in a longitudinal orifice B made in the inertial firing pin, wherein the orifice B is offset/shifted parallel to the C axis of the inertial firing pin.

[0017] In the inertial firing pin, a capsule carrier is provided, carried out with a tail portion E, in which a highly sensitive capsule-type detonator - piercing type - is housed, and a D orifice is formed in the capsule carrier where the one end of a capsule carrier spring is mounted, while the other end of it is full-stop pressed against the G orifice of the inertial firing pin.

[0018] Preferably, the housing of the forehead impact artillery fuze is to be made of high-strength aluminum alloy.

[0019] The forehead impact artillery fuze, scope of the utility model, features a unique reliable construction and can be effectively used in the construction of fragmentation and HE-and-fragmentation grenades, stabilized by feathered stabilizers of low speed rotation during their flight and fired from smooth-bore artillery, mine and grenade launcher systems.

[0020] The proposed forehead artillery fuze makes it easy to provide the set time for a remote blasting due to the provided diameter of high precision in the head of the reaction firing pin performing the function of the piston of the pneumatic mechanism and the diameter of the housing opening also made with high precision, performing the function of the cylinder of the pneumatic mechanism. The described construction executions of the forehead impact artillery fuze provide instantaneous operation of the burst charge of the ammunition at various angles of encounter when the ammunition encounters with the barrier. The variant embodiment of the front artillery fuze is particularly suitable for shots fired by smoothbore artillery and grenade launchers.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] An exemplary embodiments of the forehead impact artillery fuze are further presented in the description, according to the invention, exemplified in details by the accompanying drawings, where:

Example 1

Fig. 1 -General view of the mechanisms of the forehead artillery fuze during service handling, view 1 ,

Fig. la - General view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze in service handling, view 2.

Fig. lb - A cross-sectional view along the V-V from fig. 1.

Fig. lc - A view from above, fig. 1.

Fig. Id - An axonometric image of the safety cover with the pin.

Fig. le - A K-K section of fig.l.

Fig. If - Zoom-in P from fig. 1.

Fig. 2 - A general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze when firing, viewl . Fig.2a - A cross-sectional view along the V-V from fig.2. Fig.2b -A general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze when firing, view 2 Fig.2c - Zoom-in P from fig.2.

Fig.3 - A general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze along the trajectory of the ammunition flight, view 1.

Fig. 3a - A cross-sectional view along the V-V from fig. 3.

Fig. 3b -A general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze along the trajectory of the ammunition flight, view 2.

Fig. 4 -A general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze when the ammunition encounters with the target, at angles of encounter from 45° to 90°.

Example 2

Fig.5 - general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze during service handling, view 1 ,

Fig.5a - general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze in service handling, view 2.

Fig.5b -a cross-sectional view along the V-V from fig.5 Fig.5c - a view from above, fig.5

Fig.5d -an axonometric image of the protective cover / safety cap.

Fig.6 - general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze at firing, view 1

Fig.6a - a cross-sectional view along the V-V from fig.6.

Fig.6b - general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze at firing, view 2

Fig.7 - a general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze along the trajectory of the ammunition flight, view 1.

Fig.7a - a cross-sectional view along the V-V from fig.7.

Fig.7b -a general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze along the trajectory of the ammunition flight, view 2.

Fig.8 -a general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze when the ammunition encounters with the target, at angles of encounter from 0° to 45° from the normal to the directrix axis of firing.

Fig.8a- a general view of the mechanisms of the artillery fuze when the ammunition encounters with the target, at angles of encounter from 45° to 75° from the normal to the directrix axis of firing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE USEFUL EMBODIMENT

[0022] Further in the description, we have presented exemplary embodiments of a forehead impact artillery fuze with side impact action and remote blasting which differ in the design in the field of the safety mechanism in the front of the forehead impact artillery fuze and the design [construction solution] of the side-impact mechanism. The described herein exemplary embodiments of the forehead impact artillery fuze do not limit the technical possibilities for implementation of other variant embodiments, which use technical elements covering the idea laid down in the structural solutions and which have equivalent functional impact in terms of solving the assigned task.

EXAMPLE 1

Forehead impact artillery fuze with reaction-inertial action and remote blasting

[0023] According to an exemplary embodiment, the forehead impact artillery fuze has a reaction-inertial action (fig.1) and consists of a housing 1 where a safety mechanism “I” is housed in, containing [in turn] an inertial firing pin 2 where a reaction firing pin 3 together with the cup 4 and a firing pin spring 5 are mounted arranged in a way that the firing pin 3 is locked by a locking/fixing element 6, preferably a spherical element 6-a ball- placed in “A” inclined orifice made in the inertial firing pin 2. The so described shared positioning of the inertial firing pin 2 and the locking/fixing ball 6 impedes the movement of the reaction firing pin 3.

[0024] The safety mechanism “I” comprises an inertial locking element 7 with a locking element spring 8 mounted therein arranged in the “B” longitudinal orifice made in the inertial firing pin 2, wherein the “B” orifice is displaced parallel to the “C“ axis of the inertial firing pin 2; in this case the inertial locking element 7 does not allow the ball 6 locking the reaction firing pin 3 to fall upon its unlocking, i.e. at its axial displacement.

[0025] A protective pin 9 - fig.lc, Id - is mounted in a longitudinally shaped “E” orifice in the housing 1 - fig.le. The protective pin passes through another longitudinally filled “F” orifice of the inertial firing pin 2, below the inertial locking element 7, thus limiting and impeding its axial movement.

100261 A detonation cup 10 (fig. la) is firmly attached to the bottom of the housing 1, and the cup houses the burst slab 11 and a beam-type capsule detonator 12 closed with a cover 13, and the detonation cup 10 together with the cover 13 press the thrust washer 19 mounted in the housing 1.

[0027] As shown in fig. la, a capsule carrier 14 is mounted in the inertial firing pin 2; a highly sensitive capsule detonator type 15 - piercing type - is located in the carrier 14.

The capsule carrier 14 together with the capsule carrier spring are pressed by the reaction firing pin 3 towards the far left in the “G” orifices Figlb.

A membrane 16 is mounted at the forefront of the housing 1; a safety cap 17 containing three “B” orifices (Figla, Id) located at 120° apart from each other is mounted above the membrane 16, thus forming a concentrated impact-proof metal mass.

EXAMPLE 2

Forehead impact fuze with side impact action

[0028] The forehead impact artillery fuze with side impact action and a remote blasting (Fig.1) consists of a housing 1, which accommodates a safety mechanism “1” containing an inertial firing pin 2, with a cylindrical upper part and a conical lower part where a reaction firing pin 3 is mounted in it together with a cup 4 and a firing pin spring 5 so that it is locked by a locking element 6, preferably a spherical element 6 (ball), placed in an inclined “A” orifice formed in the inertial firing pin 2. The joint positioning of the inertial firing pin 2 and the locking ball 6 - as described here - blocks the movement of the reaction firing pin 3.

[0029] Moreover, the safety mechanism “I” comprises an inertial locking element 7 with a locking element spring 8 mounted therein arranged in the “B” longitudinal opening made in the inertial firing pin (, wherein the “B” orifice is displaced parallel to the “ C “ axis of the inertial firing pin 2; in this case the inertial locking element 7 does not allow the ball 6 locking the reaction firing pin 3 to fall upon its unlocking, i.e. at its axial displacement.

[0030] In the lower part of the housing 1 a side impact mechanism “P” is located (fig.5), consisting of a side-impact washer 9 - in the upper part of which a conical opening is formed identical to the conical formation of the lower part of the inertial firing pin 2 a safety fuse 11 is provided below the side-impact washer 9, made with restrictive pins “a” - fig.5a.

[0031] The side-impact mechanism “P” is closed by a bottom sleeve 19; in its upper part it presses a thrust washer 18 in the housing 1.

A detonation cup 9 is fixedly attached to the bottom part of the bottom sleeve 19 where a burst slab 10 and a capsule detonator, beam-type 11 are closed with a cover 12.

[0032] In the inertial firing pin 2, a capsule carrier 13 with a tail E Fig lb is mounted; a high-sensitivity piercing type capsule detonator 14 is housed in the latter; a “D” orifice is formed in the capsule carrier 13, and a spring of the capsule carrier 13 is mounted on the one side and the other side of it is pressed until its full stop in the “G” orifice of the inertial firing pin 2. The capsule carrier 13 together with the spring of the capsule carrier 13 are pressed by the reaction firing pin 3 to the far left position in the “F” orifice (fig.1 ). A membrane 16 - Fig.l - is mounted in the forehead of the housing 1, above which a protective cover 17 is fixedly mounted, comprising three “b” orifices (fig lc,ld), located at 120° apart from each other, thus forming a concentrated metal impact-prove mass. USE OF THE INVENTION

[0033] For the purpose of elucidating the interaction of the elements of the forehead impact artillery fuze, scope of the invention, we hereinafter provide a detailed description of the operation of the forehead artillery fuze - pursuant to example 1 - in four different states:

[0034] Service/Handling: The parts and units are set in a position to ensure the safety of the artillery fuze, namely: the piercing type capsule detonator 14 - see fig. la - mounted on the capsule carrier 13 is displaced from the axis of the artillery fuze - or from the “C” axis of the inertial firing pin 2 respectively. In this displacement, it is impossible to initiate/launch the beam-type capsule detonator 11 by the products of the explosion of the piercing type capsule detonator 14 upon its accidental actuation, and therefore, there is an absence of detonation of the burst slab 10, respectively.

[0035] Moving/Relocating the capsule carrier 13 where the piercing type capsule detonator 14 is prevented during service handling by the reaction firing pin 3, which in turn is locked by the ball 6 placed in the inclined “A” orifice and thus it does not allow the reaction firing pin 3 to move along with the cup 4 under the action of the firing pin spring 5 in a vertical direction along the “C” axis. The free movement of the ball 6 in the unlocking direction is limited by the inertial locking element 7, pressed at the base of the firing pin spring 5 by the mounted in its orifice spring of the locking element 8.

[0036] Upon shooting: The protective pin 9 -(fig lc, Id) - is removed before firing, thus ensuring the free axial displacement of the inertial locking element 7, as well as removing the safety cover 17 - see fig. 1.

Upon firing, the ammunition or the artillery fuze respectively, are simultaneously subjected to axial inertial forces, whereby the reaction firing pin 3 together with the cup 4 - fig. lb - move “downwards” along the “C” axis, overcoming the firing pin spring 5 resistance force while unlocking the ball 6. In this case, the reaction firing pin 3 traverses the “L” distance (fig. 1) and stops its motion, and it remains in this position when the inertia force remains greater or equal to the resistance force of the firing pin spring 5.

At the same time, the inertial locking element 7 freely moves “downwards” in the “B” orifice, overcoming the resistance force of the locking element spring 8 and after passing the “L” distance (fig. 1), releases the free movement of the ball 6 that moves through the “A” orifice into the “B” orifice.

[0037] Upon encountering a target: When the ammunition encounters with the target (fig.4) at angles of encountering of 45° to 90°, the membrane 16 is deformed by the force of the barrier/obstacle reaction, thus causing the reaction firing pin 3 to move together with the cup 4, further deforming the firing pin spring 5 and with its pointed end it pierces the capsule detonator 15 at high speed. At the same time, under the action of high accelerations occurring with the sharp drop in the speed of the ammunition when encountering with the target, the inertial firing pin 2 along with the capsule carrier 14 move (fly forward), thus further deforming the firing pin spring 5 and point - under high speed - the capsule detonator 15 against the pointed end of the reaction firing pin 3. In this case, the piercing energy of the capsule detonator 15 sharply increases, or the sensitivity and speed of operation of the artillery fuze increases respectively, upon encountering with the target - thus increasing the fragmentary action of the ammunition.

[0038] When the capsule detonator 15 is triggered, the detonation wave initiated by it destroys the cover 13 and the explosion products initiate a detonation in the beam-type capsule detonator 12, further initiating a poor burst slab 11, while its detonation products together with the fragments of the detonation cup 9 initiate the main burst charge of the ammunition.

[0039] For the purpose of elucidating the interaction of the elements of the forehead impact artillery fuze, scope of the invention, we hereinafter provide a detailed description of the operation of the forehead artillery fuze - pursuant to example 2 - in four different states:

[0040] Service/Handling: The parts and units are in a position ensuring the safety of the artillery fuze, namely: a piercing type capsule detonator 14-fig.5a mounted in the capsule carrier 13 is offset/shifted by the axis of the artillery fuze, or by the “C” axis of the inertial firing pin (2), respectively. In this displacement, it is not possible to initiate/launch the beam-type capsule detonator 11 by the products of the explosion of the piercing type capsule detonator 14 upon its accidental actuation/launching, and hence the absence of detonation of the burst slab 10.

[0041] The displacement of the capsule carrier 13 - where the piercing type capsule detonator 14 is placed - is prevented during service/handling by the reaction firing pin 3, which in turn is locked with the ball 6 inserted into the inclined “A” orifice, thus preventing the reaction firing pin 3 together with the cup 4 from moving under the action of the firing pin spring 5 vertically along the “C” axis. The free movement of the ball 6 in the direction of its unlocking is limited by the inertial locking element 7, as the latter is pressed at the base of the firing pin spring 5 by the locking element spring 8 mounted in its opening.

[0042] Upon shooting: Upon firing, the ammunition or the artillery fuze, respectively, are simultaneously subjected to axial inertial forces, whereby the reaction firing pin 3 together with the cup 4 - fig. 5 - move downwards along the “C” axis, overcoming the resistance force of the firing pin spring 5 which unlocks the ball 6 itself. In this case, the reaction firing pin traverses the distance “L” (fig.5) and stops its motion, remaining in this position until the moment the inertial force remains greater than or equal to the resistance force of the firing pin spring 5. At the same time the inertial locking element 7 moves downwards in the “B” orifice, overcoming the resistance force of the locking element spring(8 and after passing the distance L (fig.5), it releases the free movement of the ball 6, as it moves through/from the “A” orifice into the “B” orifice.

[0043] In this position, the movement of the capsule carrier 13 together with the piercing type capsule detonator 14 is impeded by the reaction firing pin 3, whereby the artillery fuze remains safe during firing. Under the action of the inertial force, the locking mechanism “I” presses through the conical part of the inertial firing pin 2, the side-impact washer 20 and the safety fuse 21 in the bottom sleeve 19, thus limiting the movement of the side-impact washer 20, as a result of which the side impact mechanism II is blocked and does not operate during firing.

[0044] Along the trajectory: After the ammunition exits the barrel of the firearm or shortly before the ammunition leaves the barrel of the firearm, the inertial force of the reaction firing pin 3 together with the cup 4 is less than the resistance force of the firing pin spring 5, and a result of it the reaction firing pin 3 starts to move together with the cup ( upwards along the “C” axis, under the force of the firing pin spring 5. The displacement is slowed down due to the fact the reaction firing pin 3 in its upper part is made with the exact diameter D at a distance d, which represents the piston of the pneumatic mechanism while the opening D1 of the housing 1 is its cylinder.

[0045] At this arrangement of the elements, an over-pressure is formed in the space above the diameter D of the reaction firing pin 3, closed at the upper side of the membrane 16. The delay action time of the reaction firing pin 3 together with the cup 4 is determined mainly by their mass, the parameters of the firing pin spring 5 and by the mass second flow rate [consumption], depending on and defined by the diameters of D and D1.

[0046] After moving the reaction firing pin 3 to a certain distance vertically along the “C” axis, it releases the fixation of the capsule carrier 13, which under the action of the capsule carrier spring 15 moves to the far right position and places the piercing type capsule detonator 14 on the axis of the artillery fuze, or on the C axis of the inertial firing pin 2, respectively, below the pointed end of the reaction firing pin 3. In this position, the artillery fuze is launched. During the delayed launch of the artillery fuze, the ammunition has traveled a certain distance from the muzzle cut of the barrel, thus practically ensuring the safety of the shooter.

[0047] When the artillery fuze is assembled with feathered (coated) ammunition fired from smooth-bore weapons respectively, at the moment of release of the ammunition from the muzzle cut section of the barrel, its feathers wide open, whereby an inertial force appears in the direction of movement of the munition, acting on the inertial firing pin 2, or on the safety mechanism/fuse “I” respectively. In this situation, the inertial firing pin (, or the safety mechanism “I” respectively, is fixed due to the tail “E” section of the capsule carrier 13, which until its release from the reaction firing pin 3 is encompassed by the “K” channel of the housing 1 - fig.5 Upon release of the movement of the capsule carrier 13, the latter moves to the far right position, with its tail “E” section exiting the range of the “K” channel of the housing 1 sinking into the inertial firing pin 2.

[0048] During the ammunition flight, upon the occurrence of shocks arising from the forces of notation, the inertial firing pin 2 together with the capsule carrier 13 with the piercing type capsule detonator 14 mounted therein, is prevented from flying forward to the pointed end of the reaction firing pin 3 - by the force of the firing pin spring 5, while the safety fuse 21 of the side-impact mechanism II by the pins “a” limits the displacement of the side-impact washer 20, or the forward movement of the inertial firing pin 2, respectively.

[0049] Upon encountering the target: when the ammunition encounters with the target (fig. 8) at angles of encounter from 45° to 75° from the normal of the barrier to the firing directrix axis, (fig. 8), under the action of the reaction force of the barrier the membrane 16 gets deformed, as a result of which the reaction firing pin 3 is displaced, thereby deforming the firing pin spring 5 and it pierces the capsule detonator 14 with its pointed end at high speed. At the same time, under the action of high accelerations, arising from the sharp reduction in ammunition velocity when encountering with the target, the inertial firing pin 2 together with the capsule carrier 13 is displaced (i. e. flies forward), which further deforms the firing pin spring 5 and directs under high-speed the capsule detonator 14 towards the pointed end of the reaction firing pin 3. In this positing, the energy of piercing of the capsule detonator 14 sharply increases, or the sensitivity and prompt responsiveness of the artillery fuze, respectively, are increased upon encountering with the target and as a result the fragmentation effect of the ammunition is increased.

[0050] Upon launching/actuating the capsule detonator 14, the detonation wave initiated by it destroys the weakened section D of the bottom sleeve 19 and the explosion products initiate a detonation in the beam-type capsule detonator 11, which initiates the burst slab 10 while its products of the blast together with the fragments of a detonation cup 9 initiate the main burst charge of the ammunition.

[0051] At low angles of the ammunition encountering with the barrier - from 0° to 45° from the normal of the barrier to the firing directrix (fig. 8b), which results in lack of reaction and poor inertial axial forces, the side impact mechanism II reliably kicks into operation; the side impact washer 20 under the action of inertial force generated by the side impact shifts in a direction perpendicular to the “C” axis of the artillery fuze, overcoming the resistance force of the pins “a” of the safety fuse 21 and using its conical part, it launches the inertial firing pin 2 together with the capsule carrier 13, deforming the firing pin spring 5 towards the pointed end of the reaction firing pin 3, thereby piercing the capsule detonator 14 further triggering the main ammunition charge as described above. Legend, example 1 Legend, example 2

1. housing 1. housing

2. inertial firing pin 2. inertial firing pin

3. reaction firing pin 3 . reaction firing pin

4. cup 4. cup

5. firing pin spring 5. firing pin spring

6. locking/fixing ball 6. locking/fixing ball

(A) inclined orifice (A) inclined orifice (I) safety mechanism (I) safety mechanism

7. inertial locking element 7. inertial locking element

8. locking element spring 8. locking element spring

(B) longitudinal orifice (B) longitudinal orifice

(C) axis (C) axis

II. side impact mechanism 9. safety pin

9. detonation cup 10. detonation cup

10. burst slab 11. burst slab

11. capsule detonator, beam-type 12. capsule detonator, beam-type

12. small cap 13. cover

13. capsule carrier 14. capsule carrier

14. capsule detonator, piercing type 15. capsule detonator, piercing type

15. capsule carrier spring 16. membrane

16. membrane 17. safety cap

17. safety cover 18. safety cover

18. stopper washer 19. thrust washer

19. bottom sleeve

20. side impact washer

21. safety fuse

Claims

1. Forehead impact fuze with a side impact action, comprising a housing with an inertial-reaction mechanism mounted at the forehead of the artillery fuze and including a reaction firing pin with a wire/nipple and an inertial firing pin with a capsule detonator, a mechanism for remote blasting, safety springs, a locking ball, locking elements, a membrane and a protective cap, characterized by the fact a membrane (16) is mounted in the front of the housing (1), above which a fixed protective cover (17) is mounted; also, a safety mechanism “I” containing an inertial firing pin (2) is formed in the upper part of the housing (1); the pin (2) has a cylindrical-conical shape and a central opening where the reaction firing pin (3) is located; the safety mechanism “I” also has an inertial locking element (7) with a spring (8) placed in a longitudinal opening, formed in the inertial firing pin (2) and shifted parallel to its axis, while at the bottom side of the housing (1) a bottom sleeve (19) is located housing in turn the side impact mechanism “P” consisting of a side-impact washer (20) with a conical opening in which the identical in shape conical part of the inertial firing pin (2) is located; while a safety fuse (21) is located under the side-impact washer (20), and the side-impact mechanism “P” is closed by a bottom sleeve (19), at the bottom of which a detonation cup (9) is fixedly mounted; a burst slab (10) and a capsule detonator (11) are located inside the cup (9).

2. The forehead impact fuze of reaction-inertial action, consisting of a housing where a reaction inertial mechanism is located, and it is mounted in the front of the fuze and comprising a reaction firing pin with a wire/nipple and an inertial firing pin with a piercing type capsule-detonator, a mechanism of remote blasting, safety springs, a locking ball, locking elements, membrane and a safety cover, characterized by the fact that a membrane (16) is mounted in the front of the housing (1), a safety cover (17) is fixedly mounted above it; moreover, a safety mechanism “1” is formed in the upper part of the housing (1); the mechanism contains an inertial firing pin (2) with a central opening where the reaction firing pin (3) is located in. The safety mechanism “I” also contains an inertial locking element (7) with a locking element spring (8) placed in a longitudinal opening formed in the inertial firing pin (2) and displaced parallel to its axis, while in the lower part of the housing (1) a detonator cup (10) is fixedly mounted with a burst slab (11) and a capsule detonator (12) in it, closed with a cover (13), and the detonator cup (10) together with the cover (13) press the thrust washer (19) in the housing (1).

3. Forehead impact fuze with according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact the safety cover (17) attached to the front of the housing (1) is made with three openings located at 120° apart, forming a concentrated impact mass of metal along its axis.

4. Forehead impact fuze according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact the reaction firing pin (3) is made as a monolithic body located in the opening of the housing (1), having a diameter D1 of high accuracy, wherein the cylindrical part of the head of the reaction firing pin (3) is of a diameter D also of high accuracy, where: 0.007 mm < (Dl-D) < 0.025 mm and a length d from 0.2 D to 0.35 D.

5. Forehead impact fuze according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact, that an inclined “A” orifice is formed in the inertial firing pin (2), in which a locking ball (6) is placed.

6. Forehead impact fuze according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the spring (8) and the locking elements (7) are arranged in a longitudinal “B” orifice made in the inertial firing pin (2); and the “B” orifice is offset/shifted from the “C” axis of the inertial firing pin (2).

7. Forehead impact fuze according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the capsule carrier (13) is mounted in the inertial firing pin (2); the carrier (18) is made with a tail section E, in which a highly sensitive piercing type capsule detonator (14) is located; an orifice “d” is formed in the capsule carrier (13). At the one end of the “d” orifice, a capsule carrier spring (20) is mounted, while the other end is pressed to a full stop in the G orifice of the inertial firing pin (2).

8. Forehead impact fuze according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the housing (1) is made of high-strength aluminum alloy.