EP4065378B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum markieren von aneinanderreihbaren elektrischen geräten - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum markieren von aneinanderreihbaren elektrischen geräten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4065378B1
EP4065378B1 EP20816132.3A EP20816132A EP4065378B1 EP 4065378 B1 EP4065378 B1 EP 4065378B1 EP 20816132 A EP20816132 A EP 20816132A EP 4065378 B1 EP4065378 B1 EP 4065378B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
marking
laser head
support rail
levels
receptacle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20816132.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4065378A1 (de
Inventor
Christian DÜLME
Stefan Lorenz
Farhad SARRAFZADEGAN
Jan MARRENBACH
Guido MÄNNCHEN
Detlef Reising
Peter LANGOSCH
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Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
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Publication of EP4065378A1 publication Critical patent/EP4065378A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • B41J3/40731—Holders for objects, e. g. holders specially adapted to the shape of the object to be printed or adapted to hold several objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/435—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/44—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using single radiation source per colour, e.g. lighting beams or shutter arrangements
    • B41J2/442—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using single radiation source per colour, e.g. lighting beams or shutter arrangements using lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/24—Ablative recording, e.g. by burning marks; Spark recording
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/22—Bases, e.g. strip, block, panel
    • H01R9/24—Terminal blocks
    • H01R9/26—Clip-on terminal blocks for side-by-side rail- or strip-mounting
    • H01R9/2683—Marking plates or tabs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for marking electrical devices which can be lined up and which are arranged on a mounting rail, using a laser head.
  • the support rail can be pivoted in its longitudinal axis and the laser head can be moved at least along the longitudinal axis of the support rail.
  • the invention further relates to a marking device suitable for carrying out the method.
  • Mounting rails are used for snapping on electrical devices in installation technology.
  • prefabricated support rail sections which are then built into control cabinets on site, are often used, which have a large number of electrical devices arranged next to one another.
  • the electrical devices are often terminal blocks, each of which in turn has a plurality of connections.
  • the individual devices and also their connections can be marked, for example by having corresponding marking areas.
  • the pamphlet WO 2010/057768 A1 shows a device with which mounting rails can be fitted with electrical devices, in particular terminal blocks, in an automated manner.
  • a printing unit is provided, which prints an electrical device taken from a magazine on its marking surfaces before it is mounted on the mounting rail.
  • WO 2017/125364 A1 which discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 12, an alternative approach is known in which the support rails are first fitted with the electrical devices and then the devices are marked.
  • the cited publication describes a marking device that has a mounting rail mount and a laser head that applies the desired markings to the marking fields of the devices.
  • the mounting device for the mounting rail is coupled with a linear and pivoting device so that the mounting rail with the electrical devices can be moved and pivoted in front of the laser head in order to be able to move the marking fields to be inscribed into the inscription area of the laser head.
  • support rails are used that reach a length in the range from one meter to more than one meter and can be equipped with a variety of electrical devices.
  • each electrical device is marked at a number of positions with possibly different orientations.
  • a large number of markings for a mounting rail can be applied, with the marking process itself and the pivoting operations carried out on the mounting rail and traversing operations of the laser head taking up time.
  • a further object is to provide a marking device suitable for carrying out the method.
  • a method according to the invention of the type mentioned above is characterized by the following steps: A number of marking instructions are specified, each of which includes a marking content, a position and an alignment of the surface to which the marking content is to be applied. Furthermore, an image of at least one section of the mounting rail and at least one electrical device is created by an image acquisition device. At least one of the positions at which one of the marking contents is to be applied is then corrected on the basis of an evaluation of the image. Then the marking instructions are grouped into marking levels in such a way that all marking instructions of a marking level can be applied by the laser head without moving the laser head or the mounting rail, with the marking levels differing in location coordinates and/or parameters for the laser head.
  • a first of the marking planes is selected and—according to the location coordinates of the selected marking plane—the laser head is positioned and/or the support rail is pivoted. On this selected marking plane marks are made with the parameters for the laser head according to the marking instructions. A next one of the marking planes is then selected for marking, this selection being based on the movements of the Laser head and the mounting rail takes place, which would be necessary to apply markings according to the next marking level can.
  • the actual position of a marking field that is to be labeled can differ from the intended position, particularly in the case of longer, populated mounting rails.
  • the reason for this is unavoidable size tolerances of the individual devices or their not completely gap-free or slightly sloping arrangement on the mounting rail, as well as a change in size caused by temperature and/or ambient humidity.
  • these size tolerances or deviations or gap dimensions can add up so that the actual marking positions deviate from the calculated positions by a few millimeters (mm).
  • An alignment of the positions at which the markings are then subsequently applied using the image prevents incorrect positioning, which means that a precisely applied marking, e.g. lettering, can take place.
  • the image is preferably created and evaluated before the step of grouping the marking instructions into marking levels, with the grouping then being carried out on the basis of the corrected positions.
  • the corrected position is already taken into account when the markings are distributed to the various marking groups. It is thus ensured that a marking lying at the edge of a marking area can actually be created at its corrected position and that the correction does not end up in an area that is no longer accessible given the position of the laser head.
  • the markings are first grouped in so-called marking levels in such a way that markings that can be applied with the same positions of the laser head and mounting rail and the same settings of the laser head are bundled. This prevents unnecessary movements and changes to the settings. In particular, unnecessary movements cost time, which lengthens the marking process.
  • the individual groups are then processed in the most efficient possible order by taking into account the movements to be performed when changing to the next marking level, which also avoids unnecessary movement sequences when positioning the laser head or the mounting rail.
  • the steps of positioning the laser head and/or pivoting the support rail, applying the markings, and selecting a next marking plane are repeated until all marking planes have been processed.
  • the term “electrical device” is to be understood as meaning any device with a mounting rail receptacle for arrangement on a mounting rail. These are, for example, purely passive terminal blocks, but devices with switching or safety elements, such as automatic circuit breakers, also fall under the term “electrical device”, as do devices with electronic components or components that can be mounted on a mounting rail.
  • the next of the marking planes is selected in such a way that a pivoting of the support rail is preferred to a movement of the laser head in the longitudinal direction.
  • the different movement processes are accordingly weighted differently when selecting the next marking plane.
  • priority values are assigned to the remaining marking planes that have not yet been processed using the location coordinates of the marking planes, and the next marking plane to be processed is selected using the priority values.
  • a method can be carried out systematically and adapted to the equipment properties of the marking device.
  • the location coordinates of the marking planes can be used to determine which movements of the laser head and/or the support rail are necessary, with different movements being assigned different priority codes.
  • the priority numbers enable the method to be optimally adapted to the properties of the marking device.
  • the priority metrics of necessary movements are then summed up to obtain a marking plane's priority value.
  • a higher priority index is assigned to a movement of the laser head in the longitudinal direction than to a pivoting of the mounting rail if lower priority values are preferred when selecting.
  • the pivoting can be carried out more quickly than moving the laser head in the longitudinal direction, which is taken into account accordingly by priority numbers reflecting this.
  • movements of the laser head in a direction other than the longitudinal direction can be assigned lower priority indexes than a movement of the laser head in the longitudinal direction. Shifting the laser head in such other directions of movement serves, for example, to change the distance between the laser head and the devices to be labeled and to reach areas that are further up or down on the devices.
  • At least two images are created in different pivoted positions of the mounting rail in order to be able to identify marking fields that are at an angle as well as possible.
  • One or more positions of a marking field for a marking to be applied is advantageously recognized during the evaluation of the at least one image.
  • this can be, for example, a center point of the marking field, whose coordinates are then used to correct the position.
  • at least two positions of the marking field for a marking to be applied are preferably recognized, as a result of which not only the position of the marking to be applied but also its orientation can be corrected.
  • the receptacle is mounted such that it can pivot about its longitudinal axis, and the laser head is movably guided in at least one longitudinal direction, which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the receptacle.
  • the device has a control device that is set up to carry out such a method.
  • the device also has an image acquisition device for imaging the mounting rail inserted into the receptacle and the electrical devices arranged thereon.
  • the image acquisition device is preferably arranged directly or indirectly on the displaceable carriage of the linear guide and is particularly preferably a line camera.
  • the image acquisition device makes it possible to match predetermined positions of the markings to be applied to actual circumstances to be adjusted if there are tolerance or gap-related deviations in this regard.
  • a linear guide with a displaceable carriage, on which the laser head is mounted directly or indirectly is arranged parallel to the receptacle. Provision can be made for the laser head to be mounted on the carriage via one or more further linear guides which run perpendicularly to the linear guide.
  • An additional linear guide in the horizontal direction makes it possible to bring the laser head to a suitable focus distance from the area to be marked if the laser head does not have internal options for varying the focus distance.
  • An additional linear guide in the vertical direction expands the marking area up and down.
  • the receptacle has a longitudinal support with a receptacle bed for receiving the support rail, which is held eccentrically to a rotation axis by swivel arms.
  • the receiving bed is preferably arranged approximately 20 to 30 mm off-center from the center of the axis of rotation.
  • the eccentric pivoting movement of the recording and thus the mounting rail is based on the knowledge that on average the center of mass of the electrical devices to be labeled, especially in the case of terminal blocks, is about 20 to 30 mm above the mounting rail recording of the electrical devices. Due to the fact that the receiving bed is at a distance from the axis of rotation by the said distance, the electrical devices are rotated on average in their own center of mass, which enables a rapid and as inertia-free rotary movement as possible. This minimizes the forces that occur when the rotary movement is accelerated. In this way, the highest possible rotational acceleration and thus a pivoting movement that can be carried out quickly is achieved, which shortens the marking process overall.
  • the receptacle is also advantageously mounted in such a way that it can be pivoted through an angle of rotation greater than 360° without a stop.
  • the angle of rotation is also preferably significantly greater than 360° and is 720°, for example. Provision can also be made for any angle of rotation to be possible without a stop.
  • the rotary feedthrough is designed in such a way that power can be supplied to the electromagnets for the entire range of rotation. The one so achieved Free swiveling allows the mounting rail to be swiveled in any direction, and thus to switch to other labeling positions in any situation using the shortest possible turning path. It is thus possible to switch to a next inscription position in any case with a rotary movement of less than 180°.
  • the laser head has a laser that emits in an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range.
  • UV wavelength range offers the advantage that markings can be applied to almost any plastic surface.
  • the electrical devices to be marked can have fields provided for marking, but these do not have to be provided with a special coating or a special plastic, as is usually necessary for markings with infrared (IR) light. It is also possible to attach markings to areas of the electrical equipment that are not specially designated.
  • the applied markings cannot only be pure color changes, but when using suitable parameters and focusing the laser radiation, they are accompanied by material removal or a material modification that makes the markings palpable (tactile marking).
  • FIG. 1-4 is an example of a device for marking electrical devices that can be lined up in a row, referred to below for short as a marking device, in each case shown in an isometric representation.
  • a marking method according to the application which can be carried out with this device, is in connection with the Figures 7a to 9 described. Examples of individual stackable electrical devices and the same blocks that can be marked with the device are in the Fig. 10a-c , 11 and 12 played back.
  • the marking device is shown with a recorded mounting rail 1, on which a number of electrical devices 2 is snapped. All snapped-on devices 2 shown in the figures of this application are terminal blocks. It goes without saying, however, that other snapped-on electrical or electronic devices, such as fuses or circuit breakers, can also be lined up on the mounting rail 1 and marked by the device shown. For the sake of simplicity, the electrical devices 2 are also referred to below as terminal blocks 2 .
  • the 1 , 2 and 4 show the marking device with differently equipped support rails 1.
  • the viewing direction in which the device is shown is the same in the three cases mentioned.
  • 3 shows the marking device with the Mounting rail 1 and the terminal blocks 2 according to 2 from a different perspective.
  • the marking device has a pivoting device 10 for receiving and also for carrying out a pivoting movement of the mounting rail 1 with the terminal blocks 2 .
  • the actual marking (inscription) on the terminal blocks 2 is carried out by a laser arrangement 20 .
  • the marking device including the laser arrangement 20 is controlled by a control device not shown here. In the following, first the pivoting device 10 and then the laser arrangement 20 will be described in more detail.
  • the pivoting device 10 has a frame 11 in which a receptacle 12 designed in the manner of a swing is arranged so as to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis.
  • the receptacle 12 comprises a longitudinally extending longitudinal beam 13 which is arranged at both ends via pivot arms 14 eccentrically with respect to an axis of rotation.
  • This axis of rotation is rotatably mounted in corresponding bearings in end parts of the frame 11 and is coupled to a drive 16 .
  • the drive 16 is, for example, an actuator with a position encoder.
  • a DC motor that may have a reduced speed is particularly suitable for the actuator.
  • FIG. 5a shows the pivoting device 10 in an isometric view Figure 5b in a side view and the Fig.5c in a top view.
  • a fixed mounting bracket 132 under which an end section of the support rail 1 is pushed in order to fix the support rail to the mounting bed 131 on this side.
  • the opposite end of the mounting rail 1 is fixed with a comparable receiving bracket 152, which is not stationary but is arranged on a sliding rider 15.
  • the rider 15 is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner on the longitudinal beam 13, for which purpose, for example, guide rails 135 are provided laterally on the longitudinal beam 13 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the Rider 15 is equipped with a quick-release lever 151 which allows the rider 15 to be locked or released on the side member 13 . After detaching the rider 15, it can be pushed in the direction of the mounted support rail 1 until the receiving lug 152 (see Fig. Fig. 5b, c ) fixes the support rail 1 in the accommodation bed 131.
  • lateral guide plates 133 are provided in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal beam 13 on the lateral edges of the receiving bed 131, which laterally guide the support rail 1 along its entire length.
  • the side guide plates 133 surround the support rail 1 laterally in a lower area.
  • the lateral guide plates 133 are preferably designed as spring steel plates, so that they can compensate for tolerances in the width of the support rail 1.
  • the lateral guide plates 133 are preferably made so thin and protrude only far beyond the receiving bed 131 that they guide and position the support rail 1 but do not collide with electrical devices 2 that are snapped on. This is possible because the mounting rail mounts on the electrical devices 2 usually have a small lateral free space, at least in the lower area of the mounting rail.
  • the lateral guide plates 133 are helpful in particular for longer support rails 1, since longer support rails 1 tend to sag due to production and/or transport. Due to this deflection, an exact positioning of the support rails and thus of the electrical devices to be labeled would not be possible or is achieved by the lateral guide plates 133.
  • a plurality of electromagnets 134 are arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support rail 13 in the receiving bed 131 .
  • the electromagnets 134 are energized individually, in groups or together, so that they fix the support rail 134 firmly and without a gap due to deflection in the receiving bed 131 .
  • Power is supplied to the electromagnets 134 via a rotary bushing 17 which is preferably arranged on the side of the pivoting device 10 opposite the drive 16 .
  • the ability to move the tab 15 makes it possible to use support rails 1 of different lengths in the pivoting device 10 .
  • mounting rails of different heights can be used due to the described type of fixing of the mounting rail.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example with a shorter mounting rail 1 used. Provision can also be made in this case for all electromagnets 134 to be energized. Alternatively, provision can be made to energize only a number of electromagnets 134 that are in the region of the mounting rail 1 that is actually used.
  • a channel running in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal member 13 is formed in the longitudinal member 13 through which cables for energizing the electromagnets 134 can run.
  • the channel 136 is also used to reduce the weight in order to minimize the rotational moment of inertia of the receptacle 12 in order to achieve a high rotational acceleration with the lowest possible torque.
  • the receiving bed 131 for the support rail 1 is arranged eccentrically from the axis of rotation during the rotary movement.
  • the distance that receiving bed 131 is spaced from the axis of rotation is in the range of 20 to 30 millimeters (mm), and more preferably about 23 mm. The reason is that, on average, the center of gravity of the electrical devices 2 to be labeled--especially in the case of terminal blocks--is about 23 mm above the mounting rail receptacle for the electrical devices 2.
  • the electrical devices 2 are rotated on average in their own center of mass, which enables a rapid and as inertia-free rotary movement as possible. This minimizes the forces that occur when the rotary movement is accelerated. In this way, the highest possible rotational acceleration and thus a pivoting movement that can be carried out quickly is achieved, which shortens the marking process overall.
  • the drive 16 and the rotary bushing 17 are preferably designed in such a way that an unlimited angle of rotation is possible when the receptacle 12 is rotated. In this way, the pivoting movement of the receptacle 12 can take place in any direction at any time without being affected by the restrictions that might otherwise exist. The advantages resulting from the marking process will be explained in more detail later.
  • the laser arrangement 20 is arranged laterally next to the pivoting device 10 in the area of the receptacle 12 .
  • the actual marking on the electrical devices 2, i.e. on the terminal blocks 2 in the example shown, is carried out by a laser head 21, which has all the components required for applying the label, in particular a laser as well as deflection and, if necessary, focusing units, in order to apply the laser beam to be able to distract from the marking.
  • Various techniques can be used to mark the electrical devices 2 with a laser.
  • an infrared laser as the laser of the laser head 21, for example a CO 2 laser, which emits light with a wavelength of approximately 10.6 micrometers ( ⁇ m).
  • marking fields sensitive to infrared radiation it is common for marking fields sensitive to infrared radiation to be provided on the electrical devices 2, which change color when the infrared laser radiation hits them, so that a marking can be applied.
  • the marking fields can be in the form of stickers, applied coatings and/or by using a corresponding infrared-sensitive plastic in some sections of the electrical devices.
  • a laser head 21 with a laser emitting in the ultraviolet wavelength range of approximately 190 to 380 nanometers (nm), in particular at 355 nm.
  • a laser can be, for example, an Nd:YAG laser or a CO 2 laser with downstream frequency trebling.
  • Light in the UV wavelength range offers the advantage that markings can be applied to almost any plastic surface.
  • the electrical devices can still have fields provided for marking, but these do not have to be provided with a special coating or a special plastic. It is also possible to attach markings to areas of the electrical equipment that are not specially designated. With suitable parameters and focussing of the laser radiation, not only pure color changes can be used for marking, but material removal or material modification of the marked material can be achieved, which makes the markings tactile (tactile marking).
  • the laser head 21 is controlled by the control device, not shown here, in order to apply an inscription within a focal field 4 .
  • the focus field 4 is in the Figures 1-4 shown. The exact size and the distance at which the focus field 4 is located in front of the laser head 21 depend on the imaging properties of the laser head 21.
  • the laser head 21 can apply markings, in particular characters, numbers and/or symbols, to surfaces to be marked.
  • a laser beam generated in the laser head 21 is deflected via a number of rotating or swiveling mirrors in order to reach every point in the focal field 4 . Since the mirrors have a low inertia, the movement of the mirrors and thus the deflection of the laser beam is a fast process compared to other mechanical movements in the system.
  • the focal field 4 is smaller than the maximum length of the mounting rail 1 with the electrical devices 2 to be inscribed.
  • the laser arrangement 20 has a linear guide 22 in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal beam 13. This direction is also referred to below as the z-direction.
  • the linear guide 22 extends over essentially the entire length of the receptacle 12 of the pivoting device 10.
  • the linear guide 22 can be designed, for example, in the form of a spindle or rack and pinion drive. However, other drives are also possible. For reasons of clarity, drive motors of the linear guide 22 are not shown explicitly in the figures.
  • the laser head 21 is fastened to a movable carriage of the linear guide 22 via a holder, which also enables the position of the laser head 21 to be adjusted in the x and y directions perpendicular to the z direction.
  • a linear guide 23 is provided in the x-direction and a linear guide 24 in the y-direction.
  • the x-direction runs horizontally and the y-direction runs vertically.
  • the distance between the laser head 21 and the area to be inscribed can be changed.
  • the linear guide 23 can be dispensed with and this can be designed as a holder with a fixed distance.
  • a linear guide in the y-direction can possibly be dispensed with and the corresponding linear guide 24 can be designed as a fixed mount.
  • the height difference refers to a variation in the distance of the areas to be marked from the mounting rail.
  • the laser arrangement has an image acquisition device 25, e.g. a camera, in particular a line camera.
  • This can be arranged independently of the laser head 21 in such a way that it is aligned with the pivoting device 10 and thus with a support rail 1 that is used.
  • the image acquisition device is advantageously arranged in such a way that it can be moved by the linear guide 22 in the x-direction along the mounting rail receptacle.
  • the image acquisition device can be arranged on the laser head 21 or, as in the present case, it is formed integrally in this. In this case, it can be moved not only in the x-direction, but also in the z-direction and, if necessary, the y-direction.
  • a combination of a line camera whose recorded image line is oriented transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the x-direction and movability in the x-direction makes it possible to image support rails 1 of any length in an image with a variable number of pixels in the x-direction.
  • the image capture device 25 can be used at various stages of the marking process.
  • the image acquisition device 25 can be used to image a mounting rail 1 after it has been inserted, if necessary in different pivoted positions, in order to check whether the mounting rail 1 that has been inserted and is to be labeled is configured correctly, e.g. whether it actually contains the electrical devices 2 to be labeled in the correct orientation and order.
  • it can be checked whether the devices 2 are correctly positioned in such a way that the marking surfaces to which the markings are to be applied are in the position that is stored for the respective marking. If there are deviations that lie within a predeterminable tolerance range, the positions at which the markings are subsequently applied can be adapted to the positions of the marking areas found. This procedure is explained in more detail below.
  • the image acquisition device 25 can be used to monitor the actual marking process.
  • An applied marking can be checked for correctness and/or legibility.
  • a new image of the mounting rail 1 and the electrical devices 2 can be recorded after the markings have been applied.
  • each individual marking can be checked immediately after or even during its application.
  • the laser head 21 is moved with the aid of the linear guide 22 in such a way that at least some of the markings to be applied are in the area of the focal field 4 .
  • the 1 Marking levels 3 drawn in indicating the levels in which markings on the various terminal blocks 2 are to be attached.
  • a plurality of identical terminal blocks 2 is arranged on the mounting rail 1, with areas to be marked being arranged on different sides of the terminal blocks 2 at different heights (compared to the mounting rail 1) arranged contacts. All markings that can be applied to one or more of the terminal blocks 2 are recorded in a marking plane 3 without the receptacle 12 having to be pivoted or the laser head 21 having to be moved.
  • FIG 7a and 7b is the mounting rail 1 with snapped-on electrical devices 2, which are also in figure 5 can be seen, shown separately from the marking device in order to be able to better illustrate the different marking planes 3.
  • the Figure 7a and 7b show the support rail 1 from different perspectives in isometric representations.
  • markings 5 that have already been applied to the electrical devices 2, that is to say the terminal blocks 2, are shown as examples.
  • the markings 5 are for the most part connection markings that are attached to the fields provided next to connections.
  • Other markings 5 relate, for example, to customer-specific identification or order numbers or assembly designations or the like.
  • the various marking planes 3 are successively brought into the plane of the focus field 4, which is achieved by pivoting the receptacle 12 and, if necessary, by actuating the linear guide 22 in the z-direction and/or the linear guide 23 in the x-direction and/or of the linear guide 24 takes place in the z-direction. All markings in the marking plane 3, which is then in the focus field 4, are made by the laser head 21 applied before a next one of the marking planes 3 is brought into the focus field 4.
  • How 3 shows 12 markings can also be attached to the underside of the terminal blocks 2 due to the arbitrary pivotability of the recording.
  • the free pivotability also makes it possible to switch to the other side of the terminal blocks 2 via the underside of the longitudinal beam 13 . If, for example, labeling fields are provided on both sides of the terminal block 2 that are inclined downwards, turning over the underside, i.e. a rotation in which the upper side of the terminal block 2 does not pass the laser head 21, but the underside of the longitudinal beam 13, would result in a rotary movement less than 180° instead of having to rotate more than 180° over the top.
  • the various marking planes 3 are characterized by their position in space and their dimensions. In summary, these properties are referred to as location coordinates of a marking plane 3 . With regard to the position in space, not only the position, but also in particular an inclination of the marking planes 3 is relevant, since markings can only be applied to surfaces that are not distorted and/or blurred in terms of the distance to the laser head 21 but also lie in the focal field 4 with regard to the inclination.
  • the control device which controls both the laser head 21 and the linear guides 22-24 and also the drive 16 of the swivel mount 12, is given information about the configuration of the mounting rail 1, i.e. about transmits the latched electrical devices 2, as well as information about which marking 5 is to be applied to which device at which position and with what inclination. In the context of this application, this information is also collectively referred to as marking instructions.
  • a marking level 3 thus contains at least one, preferably a plurality of markings 5, all of which are located in this marking level 3 and which also do not differ with regard to the marking parameters to be used.
  • Marking parameters relate to the setting of the laser of the laser head 21, which must be set in order to apply the marking.
  • a marking parameter is, for example, the power of the laser and the inscription speed, which together influence the energy input per area of the inscription. These marking parameters are essentially dependent on the material to which the marking 5 is applied.
  • Information about the material to be marked is also available with the data record that describes the mounting rail 1 and the electrical devices 2 . They can be integrated directly into the marking instructions or be accessible via linked product information.
  • An embodiment of a method for defining the different marking levels 3 is in 8 presented in the form of a flowchart.
  • a first (or in subsequent repetitions of step 1, a next) marking instruction is retrieved from the transmitted information about the markings 5 to be applied.
  • a next step S2 it is determined whether the marking 5 specified by this marking instruction is to be applied to the same electrical device 2 with the same marking parameters as the last considered. If this is not the case - e.g. in the first run of the method - the method branches to a next step S3, in which it is checked whether the alignment of the area to be marked is the same as with previously made markings 5. If this is not the case, the method branches to a next step S4, in which a new marking level 3 is generated.
  • a check is then carried out to determine whether there are further marking instructions which have not yet been assigned to a marking level 3. If there are no further marking instructions which have not yet been assigned, this method section is complete. If there are further marking instructions that are not yet assigned to a marking level 3, the method branches back to step S1, in which the next marking instruction is called up.
  • step S2 If it is determined in step S2 that the marking instruction currently being considered relates to the same electrical device as the previously processed one and that the same marking parameters are also used, those are the required ones Marking levels are usually already created and a new marking level does not necessarily have to be opened. In this case, the method is continued in a step S5. Step S5 is also reached if it is determined in step S3 that the current marking instruction relates to an electrical device 2 that is different from the one previously considered, but that the marking 5 is to be applied to a surface with the same alignment.
  • step S5 a query is made as to whether the marking 5 is to be made on the same material to be marked or at least on a material that requires the same setting of the laser of the laser head 21. If this is not the case, i.e. if changed marking parameters are to be used, the method branches to step S4, in which a new marking level 3 is generated.
  • step S6 it is checked whether the current marking is within the focus area of one of the marking planes 3 that have already been created.
  • the focal plane 4 of the laser head 21 allows a depth of focus, albeit small, of up to typically a few millimeters at a distance. Markings which, with the same alignment of the surface to be marked and the same required laser parameters, only differ by a few millimeters (or a distance difference in the depth of field) with regard to the distance between the laser head 21 and the surface can therefore be combined in the same marking plane 3 .
  • step S4 in order to generate a new marking plane.
  • step S7 in which it is checked whether the marking 5 to be applied is possibly shaded.
  • a shading situation can exist, for example, if the laser head 21 sees the marking 5 behind a protruding part of an adjacent electrical device 2, so that the laser beams cannot reach the marking area from the current position of the laser head. If such a shading situation exists for the marking instruction currently being considered, a branch is made the process to step S4 to assign the marking instruction to a new marking plane.
  • step S8 the current marking instruction of this already existing marking level 3 is added.
  • step S9 the current marking instruction of this already existing marking level 3 is added.
  • the various marking planes 3 are then successively brought into the plane of the focal field 4, which is achieved by pivoting the receptacle 12 and, if necessary, by actuating the linear guide 22 in the z-direction and/or the linear guide 23 takes place in the x-direction and/or the linear guide 24 in the z-direction. All the markings lying in the marking plane 3, which is then in the focus field 4, are applied by the laser head 21 before the next one of the marking planes is brought into the focus field 4.
  • a priority can also be assigned to the other two degrees of freedom of movement of the laser head 21, ie the movement in the x or y direction.
  • the feed speeds of the linear guides 23, 24 for the x- and y-directions are generally comparable to those of the linear guide 22 for the z-direction, the distances to be covered are generally smaller for these two movement axes. Therefore, the premise "no movement in the z-direction" always has a higher priority than the premise "no y-direction motion" and "no x-direction motion”.
  • the priorities given to the x- and y-direction motion are similar to those of the pivoting motion and can be ranked before or after it in a priority order .
  • Movements of the laser head in the x-direction are often very small. Movements in the y-direction can be larger, but occur less frequently since a movement in the y-direction from a normal position is only required for very large devices to be labeled. A priority order of “pivoting before movement in the x direction before movement in the y direction before movement in the z direction” is therefore preferred.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing how priorities can be assigned in an exemplary embodiment with this preferred order of priority in order to select a next marking level for processing by the marking device.
  • the method iterates through the set of marking levels that have not yet been processed in order to provide them with a priority value p.
  • the marker layer that will be created after completing the in 9 method shown has the lowest or one of the lowest priority values p, is processed as the next marking level by the marking device.
  • a next step S12 it is considered whether editing this currently considered marking plane would result in pivoting of the mounting rail receptacle. If so, the priority value p is increased in a step S13 by a value of a priority code that is associated with this movement. Otherwise, the priority value p is retained.
  • the priority number for pivoting the DIN rail mount is 1.
  • a next step S14 it is determined whether processing this currently considered marking plane would result in a movement in the x-direction. If this is the case, the priority value p is increased in a step S15 by the value 2 of a priority number assigned to this movement, otherwise it retains its value.
  • a next step S16 it is determined whether processing this currently considered marking plane would result in a movement in the y-direction. If this is the case, the priority value p is increased in a step S17 by the value 4 of a priority number assigned to this movement, otherwise it retains its value.
  • a next step S18 it is determined whether processing this currently considered marking plane would result in a movement in the z-direction. If this is the case, the priority value p is increased in a step S19 by the value 8 of a priority number assigned to this movement, otherwise it retains its value.
  • a subsequent step S20 checks whether there are further marking levels to be processed that have not yet been assigned a priority value p. If this is the case, the method branches back to step S11 in order to assign a priority value p to the next marking level that is still to be processed.
  • the method branches to a step S21, in which the marking plane 3 with the lowest priority value p is selected. If there are several marking levels 3 with the lowest priority value p, any one of these marking levels 3 is selected. The marking process is then continued with this marking level 3.
  • the in 9 The part of the marking method shown is carried out again in order to again detect the priorities for all further marking planes 3 starting from the then current position of the laser head 21 or rotational position of the receptacle 12 . The method ends when all marking levels 3 have been processed.
  • the various movements are characterized by priority numbers that are powers of two.
  • priority numbers that are powers of two.
  • Such a binary evaluation scheme is advantageous, but other priority indexes can also be assigned.
  • the priority indexes are selected in such a way that marking levels are selected if they have a priority value p that is as small as possible.
  • the method can also be designed in such a way that the highest possible priority value p leads to a selection.
  • the prioritization can also take into account how far the travel paths are in order to set a next marking level.
  • the image acquisition device is used during the method in order to record at least one image of relevant sections of the mounting rail 1 and the devices 2 to be marked. Marking positions can be corrected using the images.
  • the image acquisition device is a line camera, which is integrated into the laser head 21 or is arranged on it. The line camera can be moved along the support rail 1 with the aid of the linear guide 22 in order to image it.
  • the use of a line camera is advantageous in that the mounting rail 1 with the electrical devices 2 can be imaged within any longitudinal section with a correspondingly adapted number of pixels in this X-direction.
  • a continuous section in the x-direction is preferably determined in such a way that all markings to be applied are located in this one continuous section in a specific pivoted position.
  • Comparable images are recorded for further pivoting positions of the pivoting device 10 until the mounting rail 1 and the electrical devices 2 are recorded in all areas in which markings are to be applied.
  • the areas in the longitudinal direction on both sides are selected, for example, by a few percent larger than is necessary according to the marking instructions, in order to ensure that all areas on which markings are to be applied are included in the illustration.
  • the imaging and the evaluation of the images described below preferably takes place before the in connection with 8 described procedure.
  • marking fields special areas are provided on the electrical devices 2 for the markings, which are referred to below as marking fields.
  • marking fields can be provided with a coating that differs in color from the base material of the housing of the electrical device 2 .
  • a further embodiment provides that separate “markers” are used for the marking. These are small plastic plates that can either be pre-written or unwritten for the process described here. The markers are clipped onto the electrical devices at the appropriate point. These markers can also be in the form of so-called marking strips, which extend over two or more marking fields lying next to one another. In the context of this application, a “marking field” is to be understood as any surface on which a marking is to be applied.
  • the marking fields generally have a color or brightness difference compared to the base material of a housing of the electrical devices 2.
  • This color or brightness difference is used to locate the marking fields in the recorded images.
  • evaluation algorithms known per se for edge detection are suitable for this purpose.
  • the center coordinates of recognized marking fields are determined and compared with coordinates according to the marking instructions. Based on the comparison, the actual coordinates are assigned to the expected coordinates.
  • criteria are preferably defined which define the limits of this association regarding. For example, maximum permissible displacements can be defined, which are in the range of a few millimeters, for example. If, for example, the total number of marking fields found is less than the number of marking instructions or if an assignment of the marking fields found to the marking instructions would require shifts that are above the maximum permissible shift, it can be provided that the method is initially stopped. A manual check can be suggested as to whether the support rail 1 used with the electrical devices 2 actually corresponds to that intended according to the marking instructions.
  • marking fields are arranged so close together, for example because they lie next to one another on a marker strip, that they merge seamlessly into one another, these marking fields cannot be distinguished from one another by the edge detection mode described.
  • This can be taken into account in the evaluation process in that a larger marking field that is found is automatically divided into two or more marking fields of the size to be expected, with a center point being calculated accordingly for each of the marking fields.
  • the actual positions of these marking fields are calculated using determined positions of surrounding marking fields. This can be done in particular when it is known from the marking instructions that the material combination of these marking fields does not offer sufficient contrast to the base material of the housing for reliable identification.
  • FIG. 10a-c electrical devices 2 that can be labeled with the device described above are shown as examples.
  • two different terminal blocks 30 are each shown in an isometric view.
  • an end bracket 35 is shown in a top view of its front opposite the support rail.
  • the terminal blocks 30 in the Figure 10a , b each have a housing 31, on the lower side of which a mounting rail receptacle 32 is formed, with which the housing 31 and consequently the terminal block 30 can be clipped onto a mounting rail 1, as shown in the figures shown above.
  • the terminal blocks 30 each have a plurality of clamping devices for wires, which in the present case are designed as so-called "push-in terminals". They each include a wire receptacle 33, ie an opening into which a wire to be clamped is inserted. The wire is guided through the wire holder 33 to a clamping spring 34 which fixes it and makes electrical contact with it.
  • predetermined marking fields are not provided for labeling the various connections, but receptacles are formed in the housing 31 into which markers 51 can be inserted.
  • marker material can also be injected into the marker channels in order to integrally form a comparable one on the terminal block 30 instead of the clipped-in marker 51 .
  • suitable marking surfaces can also be present directly on the housing 51.
  • a number of terminal blocks 30 are usually placed between two end brackets 35, one of which is in Fig. 10c is shown, limited and fixed on the mounting rail 1.
  • the end bracket 35 also has a marker 51 on which, for example, the function or assignment of the adjacent terminal blocks 30 can be indicated.
  • the marker 51 of the end bracket 35 is characterized by a multiple length (in a direction transverse to the longitudinal extent of the support rail 1) compared to the markers 51 of the connections of the terminal blocks 30.
  • a comparison of the positions (relative to the mounting rail receptacle 32) of the markers 51 on the terminal blocks 30 and their different orientations illustrates the great flexibility that is required of the marking device when inscribing the markers 51. Further developments of the marking method are described below, which are used in conjunction with the aforementioned image acquisition device can improve the quality of the applied markings.
  • the terminal block 30 shown has four marking fields in its height (in a direction perpendicular to the mounting rail receptacle 32), which extend over a wide area due to the large overall height of the terminal block 30. Due to the viewing angle range of the image capturing device, a situation can arise, for example, in which only two markers 51, for example the two middle ones, are captured.
  • center point coordinates are determined for these markers 51 . They are in the form of position crosses 52 in Figure 10a registered. Based on these center coordinates, the position of the marker can be corrected, as explained in the previous sections. Such a position correction would of course also be desirable for the markers 51 which are not within the image area of the image acquisition device. In the example of Figure 10a This can be the markers 51 located below or above the two middle markers 51, for example. However, the position of these markers 51, which are not visible to the image acquisition device, is not independent of that of the visible markers 51, since they are located on the same terminal block 30 and are therefore linked to the position of the visible markers 51 by design.
  • the position of such invisible markers 51 is extrapolated based on the known design information about the terminal block 30 (or more generally each electrical device 2 that is marked) using the determined center point coordinates of recognized markers 51.
  • such extrapolated center coordinates are shown as position crosses 53 represented by dashed lines.
  • the geometric information about the relevant terminal block 30 can be taken from design information from a database.
  • Figure 10b shows that markers 51 (or in general any type of marking fields) can be present not only in a plane orientation perpendicular to the mounting rail receptacle 32 and parallel to the mounting rail receptacle 32, but also at any angles in between.
  • markers 51 or in general any type of marking fields
  • the middle two markers 51 are arranged on the terminal block 30, which are at an angle of about 45° to the mounting rail receptacle 32.
  • a camera recording is preferably made with a direction of rotation of the pivoting device 10 in which the inclined markers 51 are perpendicular to the main viewing direction of the image acquisition device.
  • Figure 10c shows with the end bracket 35 a plan view of an electrical device in which the dimensions of the marker 51 significantly exceed those of the terminal blocks 30 shown above.
  • an advantageous further development of the method according to the invention provides not to determine the center coordinates of the marker 51 in an image evaluation of the recordings of the image acquisition device, but rather to determine two end region coordinates spaced apart from one another.
  • the determined coordinates are again symbolized by position crosses 52 in the figure.
  • the 11 shows a plurality of terminal blocks 30, which connect to an end bracket 35.
  • no marker 51 is provided on the end bracket 35, but on the terminal blocks 30, the markers used here also in a longitudinal direction of the terminal blocks 30 compared to the markers of the terminal blocks 30 from the Figure 10a , b are enlarged.
  • the block of terminal blocks 30 is only limited on one side by the end bracket 35 shown. In such a constellation, it can happen that terminal blocks 30, which are further away from the end bracket 35, are positioned obliquely on the mounting rail 1 and are rotated by an angle ⁇ with respect to the actually desired orientation. Realistically, such a twist is in the range of one or two degrees at most. For the sake of better representation, in 11 the rotation by the angle ⁇ is shown artificially enlarged by about 5°.
  • the rotation shown has an influence both on the calculated position of the marker 51 of the terminal block 30 arranged on the far right, and on its alignment.
  • markers 51 on the terminal blocks 30 were only corrected via their center point coordinates by the image evaluation, a position shift of the marker 51 due to the rotation by the angle ⁇ would be compensated, but an applied marking would not be correctly applied to the marker 51 in terms of its alignment . Although it would run perpendicularly to the support rail 1, it would be applied at an angle to the oblique marker.
  • a correction based on two end region coordinates 51, as in Figs Figure 10c or. 11 shown, allows the orientation of the inscription to follow the actual orientation of the marker 51 (or more generally of each marker field).
  • FIG. 12 shows an arrangement of several terminal blocks 30 which rest on one side on one side on an end bracket 35. No further end bracket is provided on the mounting rail 1 on the side opposite the illustrated end bracket 35 .
  • the last of the terminal blocks 30 or at least the last terminal block 30 of the arrangement “scroll” or “scroll open”. This means that although they are sitting in the correct position on the mounting rail 1, in their upper area they tilt from their correct position by an angle ⁇ to the side.
  • Such "peeling” does not lead to a change in the alignment of the markers 51 or the marking fields, but it does lead to a shift in position.
  • Mounting rails are often preconfigured in such a way that blocks of several terminal blocks 30 and, if necessary, end brackets 35 alternate along the mounting rail with gaps between these blocks.
  • an image evaluation relates only to one such block of terminal blocks. Deviations in the overall positioning of the blocks from the intended positions can then be easily corrected for the entire block. The actual position correction then relates primarily to errors that result from an inclined position by an angle ⁇ (according to 11 ) or a "peeling" through an angle ⁇ (according to figure 12 ) result.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP20816132.3A 2019-11-25 2020-11-24 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum markieren von aneinanderreihbaren elektrischen geräten Active EP4065378B1 (de)

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DE4031706C2 (de) * 1990-10-06 2002-10-02 Baublys Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Beschriften einer gewölbten Fläche eines Werkstückes
US7015418B2 (en) * 2002-05-17 2006-03-21 Gsi Group Corporation Method and system for calibrating a laser processing system and laser marking system utilizing same
JP4757136B2 (ja) * 2005-08-31 2011-08-24 キヤノン株式会社 記録装置および制御方法
CN201026711Y (zh) * 2007-05-21 2008-02-27 格兰达技术（深圳）有限公司 用于托盘激光打标系统的检测标记单元
DE102009017999A1 (de) 2008-11-18 2010-05-20 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur automatisierten Montage von anreihbaren Geräten auf einer Montagebasis und Montageanordnung
CN202192857U (zh) * 2011-08-31 2012-04-18 重庆旭安科技有限责任公司 线缆激光打标机
CN203945819U (zh) * 2014-06-30 2014-11-19 兰州理工大学 一种铝锭激光打标专用自动定位机构
EP3047932B1 (en) * 2015-01-21 2018-12-26 Agie Charmilles New Technologies SA Method of laser ablation for engraving of a surface with patch optimization, with corresponding software and machine tool
DE102016100722B4 (de) * 2016-01-18 2022-03-03 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Bestücken einer Tragschiene mit elektrischen Geräten
ES2875512T3 (es) 2016-01-18 2021-11-10 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Procedimiento para colocar etiquetas de marcado en una pluralidad de aparatos eléctricos disponibles en un carril de soporte
EP3412469B1 (en) * 2016-02-05 2020-04-08 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image recording apparatus and image recording method
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EP4065378A1 (de) 2022-10-05
CN114981093A (zh) 2022-08-30
DK4065378T3 (da) 2023-11-27
ES2966818T3 (es) 2024-04-24
CN114981093B (zh) 2023-11-03
PL4065378T3 (pl) 2024-01-29
US11932036B2 (en) 2024-03-19
WO2021105140A1 (de) 2021-06-03

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