EP4051895A1 - Verfahren zur ermittlung einer emittierten stoffmenge - Google Patents
Verfahren zur ermittlung einer emittierten stoffmengeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4051895A1 EP4051895A1 EP20797708.3A EP20797708A EP4051895A1 EP 4051895 A1 EP4051895 A1 EP 4051895A1 EP 20797708 A EP20797708 A EP 20797708A EP 4051895 A1 EP4051895 A1 EP 4051895A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substance
- amount
- processing device
- signals
- sen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D41/1405—Neural network control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
- G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
- F02D41/1462—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine with determination means using an estimation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
- G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining an amount of substance which is emitted by the operation of a functional unit of an agricultural utility vehicle.
- a key criterion for agricultural vehicles are emissions of specific substances while their internal combustion engine is running. Quantities or concentrations of these emitted substances are measured and checked for compliance with predetermined limit values.
- the present invention is based on the object of determining an amount of substance emitted by the operation of a functional unit of an agricultural utility vehicle with little technical effort.
- an amount of substance is determined which is emitted by the operation of a functional unit of an agricultural utility vehicle.
- Signals from a signal source generated independently of the substance to be examined or the amount of substance to be determined are sent as input data to a data processing device.
- the data processing device contains at least one neural network as a learned model for processing the input data. Using the min least one neural network, output data are generated in the data processing device which represent the amount of substance emitted.
- the use of the data processing device with the at least one neural network enables input data to be processed reliably with high accuracy on the one hand and with little technical effort on the other.
- Such an artificial intelligence only requires a specific definition phase and a specific learning phase (training phase) until it supplies sufficiently precise output data for a correct determination of the amount of substance. After completion of this definition and learning phase, this artificial intelligence is suitable as a software-based, in particular algorithm-based model, to be used as a technical model and thus as a replacement for technically complex and correspondingly cost-intensive sensors in commercial vehicles.
- an expensive sensor system for determining an emitted nitrogen oxide concentration (NOx) can be avoided.
- the amount of the respective emitted substance can be determined in a technically simple and cost-effective manner.
- the respective neural network or model is learned, preferably with the help of signals that are already available on the commercial vehicle.
- the data processing device or at least one of its neural Network can be used as a trained, virtual sensor system in order to determine the amount of substance in question in a technically reliable and cost-effective manner.
- Different emission substances are conceivable as the determined amount of substance, each of which is examined or checked with regard to the amount emitted (e.g. concentration, number of particles, particle flow, volume flow).
- the specific amount of substance can be investigated or determined regardless of its physical state (solid, liquid, gaseous). Even individual substances with several states of aggregation at the same time can be checked with regard to their quantity by a correspondingly designed data processing device.
- the data processing device and its at least one neural network can be designed to examine a single substance and consequently to determine a single specific amount of substance.
- the data processing device is designed with appropriately learned neural networks in such a way that it is suitable for examining several different specific substances.
- Substances that are preferably examined with regard to their emitted substance quantity are various nitrogen oxides NOx such as NO and NO 2 , carbon dioxide (CO 2) , carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (CH). These substances are relevant, for example, when operating an internal combustion engine as a functional unit.
- NH 4 ammonium
- N, P, K chemical elements
- these elements can be determined in elementary form or in bound form, for example nitrogen compounds, nitrate (NO 3) , phosphate (P 2 O5), potash (K 2 O).
- NO 3 nitrogen compounds
- P 2 O5 phosphate
- K 2 O potash
- the nitrate concentration in the ground can also be determined as an emitted amount of substance.
- the amount of nitrate or nitrate concentration is emitted indirectly through the application of liquid manure or nitrogen into the soil and subsequent conversion in the soil.
- the method can be applied to different functional units which emit an amount of substance to be examined or determined.
- an internal combustion engine or an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of the commercial vehicle are conceivable as a functional unit.
- attachments or sub-units thereof are also conceivable as a functional unit of the agricultural utility vehicle, since these perform a function when the utility vehicle is used for work.
- this is a filling or application device (e.g. nozzle, valve, line) for liquid manure, preferably on a liquid manure trailer.
- a technically complex and correspondingly costly sensor system and measuring device can be avoided.
- Signals from the respective signal source preferably represent one or more parameters of the functional unit.
- a current state or actual state of the functional unit with respect to a parameter is mapped with the signals.
- the data processing device continuously take into account a current state of the functional unit.
- Suitable signals as input data for the data processing device are, for example, parameter values of at least one of the following parameters: an exhaust gas temperature of the combustion gases of an internal combustion engine of the agricultural utility vehicle, a torque of the internal combustion engine, a speed of the internal combustion engine. Further parameters can be ambient conditions (e.g. temperature, external air pressure) or other technical parameters on the functional unit.
- the aforementioned parameters are particularly suitable as a functional unit in the case of an internal combustion engine or an exhaust gas aftertreatment system.
- liquid manure e.g. arranged on a liquid manure trailer
- parameters influencing the liquid manure composition e.g. the animal species, the animal feed, type and / or duration of the storage of the liquid manure
- the liquid manure composition e.g. the animal species, the animal feed, type and / or duration of the storage of the liquid manure
- the parameter signals are independent of a direct determination of the amount of substance and at the same time are related to the current state and current properties of the functional unit.
- these parameters are routinely available on the commercial vehicle, in particular through conventional sensors.
- At least one sensor, a combination of several sensors or a control unit is preferably provided for generating and providing the signals, which are independent of the amount of substance.
- These signal sources have the advantage that in many cases they are already routinely available on the commercial vehicle without additional effort.
- the control unit can also use signals from a control and / or data bus (e.g.
- CAN CAN
- Sensor signals derived from a family of characteristics can also be provided via the control unit.
- the sensor or the sensor system can be part of a unit outside the commercial vehicle, e.g. satellite, drone, weather station.
- Their signals or data can then first be fed to a control unit or sent directly to the data processing device as input data.
- Data from a data network e.g. Internet
- the latter data can, if necessary, first be fed to a control unit, which then sends the relevant data as input data to the data processing unit.
- input data are based on a comparison between signals from a signal source and at least a predefined reference value is sent to the data processing device.
- a comparison between signals from a signal source and at least a predefined reference value is sent to the data processing device.
- This makes it possible for input data to be sent only as a function of a certain comparison result.
- it can be controlled that an investigated amount of substance is not determined continuously, but only under specifically determined conditions, namely only when the determination appears necessary. This advantageously reduces the number of data transactions and the required computing capacity. Depending on the data transmission medium used, this reduction also saves costs.
- the predefined reference value acts as a calibration value which represents a calibration state of the functional unit. This calibration state can then be compared with a current actual state of the function unit, which is represented by signals from the signal source.
- the calibration status of an internal combustion engine is predefined by reference values, in particular maximum values not to be exceeded, which are previously obtained in a test phase or during homologation of the internal combustion engine. These reference values relate, for example, to a maximum torque of the internal combustion engine, a maximum speed of the internal combustion engine or a maximum exhaust gas temperature of the combustion gases. A comparison between the calibration status and the actual status is therefore suitable as a preliminary test for an efficient decision as to whether an emitted amount of substance needs to be determined at all.
- input data are sent to the data processing device only when the value of the signal of the Signal source (eg a measured torque of the internal combustion engine) is greater than the predefined reference value (eg a maximum torque established during the homologation of the internal combustion engine).
- the predefined reference value eg a maximum torque established during the homologation of the internal combustion engine.
- An arrangement for determining an amount of substance which is emitted by the operation of a functional unit of an agricultural utility vehicle has a signal source and a data processing device.
- the signal source is used to provide signals that are generated independently of the amount of substance. These signals therefore do not represent an amount of substance, but form input data for the data processing device.
- the latter in turn outputs output data at an output which are generated using at least one neural network implemented in it and which represent the amount of substance emitted.
- the amount of the respective emitted substance can be determined in a technically simple and cost-effective manner.
- the arrangement is preferably used to determine the amount of substance emitted and to check whether it complies with a predetermined limit value.
- a predetermined limit value This can, for example, be a legally stipulated maximum value that must be adhered to or which must not be exceeded.
- the output data of the Data processing device can be fed to a downstream test stage with a corresponding comparison algorithm, for example.
- the agricultural utility vehicle is in particular a tractor or tractor, a harvesting machine, a forage harvester, or the like.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a schematically presented Darge arrangement for performing the fiction, contemporary method
- Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a schematically illustrated arrangement for performing the inventive method
- Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a schematically illustrated arrangement for performing the inventive method.
- Fig. 1 shows an arrangement 10 with several components for determining an amount of substance Em which is emitted by the operation of a functional unit 12, 14 of an agricultural utility vehicle, in particular a tractor.
- the functional unit 12 is an internal combustion engine of the utility vehicle
- the functional unit 14 as a only schematically shown application device is designed for liquid manure.
- This application device 14 is part of a slurry trailer 16, which is pulled by the utility vehicle when in operation.
- a sensor system 18 detects current values of parameters of the internal combustion engine 12, for example an exhaust gas temperature T, a torque M and an engine speed of the internal combustion engine 12.
- the sensor system 18 is here, for the sake of simplicity, as an umbrella term for the individual required sensors called for the acquisition of the parameters.
- the sensor signals S_sen which are generated independently of the amount of substance Em to be determined by means of the sensor system 18, are fed to a control unit 20.
- the control unit 20 preferably contains the functionalities required for signal or data processing, such as reading and / or writing unit, memory unit, processor.
- signals or data from a data and / or control bus 22 are also fed to the control unit 20.
- This bus 22 is preferably present on the vehicle side, for example a CAN bus.
- the control unit 20 sends received signals or data from the sensor system 18 and the bus 22, possibly in a processed form as input data D_in, to an input 24 of a data processing device 26.
- the sensor signals S_sen can also be sent directly to the data processing device 26 without the interposition of the control unit 20.
- the data processing device 26 contains at least one neural network NN, which as a learned, software-based model is designed for processing the input data D_ein.
- the at least one neural network NN forms, so to speak, a virtual sensor system which replaces a direct measurement of the emitted amount of substance Em.
- output data D_aus are generated, which are present at an output 28 of the data processing device 26 and represent the emitted amount of substance Em.
- the output data D_aus are fed to a test stage 30 in which the output data D_aus are compared with a predetermined limit value W_gr, if necessary in a further processed data form.
- the comparison is used to check whether with the value of the output data D_aus - and consequently with the value of the arithmetically determined amount of substance Em - the predetermined limit value W_gr is complied with, in particular not exceeded.
- information that is dependent on the comparison result can also be generated and output for users or for third parties. Furthermore, measures can be initiated in test stage 30, for example by outputting appropriate control signals.
- the arrangement according to FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 essentially in that in the control unit 20 signals S_sen of the sensor system 18 are compared with a predefined reference value W_ref during a comparison step S1. Input data D_ein are sent to the data processing device 26 as a function of the comparison result in the comparison step S1.
- the reference value W_ref corresponds to a calibration value W_kal, which represents a calibration state of the internal combustion engine 12.
- the calibration state is previously defined by means of a test phase or homologation of the internal combustion engine 12.
- a permissible working range for the internal combustion engine 12 is defined here.
- the calibration value W_kal therefore corresponds, for example, to a maximum permissible exhaust gas temperature T_max, a maximum permissible torque M_max or a maximum permissible speed n_max of the internal combustion engine 12.
- Signals S_sen of the sensor system 18 represent a recorded actual state of the internal combustion engine 12, since the sensor system 18 records current values of individual parameters of the internal combustion engine 12, e.g. the current exhaust gas temperature T, the current torque M and / or the current engine speed n.
- the arrangement 10 determines an emitted amount of substance Em at least one of the substances NO, NO2, CO2, CO, HC. These substances are of interest in connection with operation of the internal combustion engine 12.
- the arrangement 10 according to FIG. 3 determines an emitted amount of substance Em in connection with the spreading of liquid manure on an agricultural area.
- the molar Em is in this case at least one of the substances on monium (NH4), phosphate (P2O5), potassium oxide (K2O), nitrogen (N), Nit ⁇ rat (NO3) determined.
- signals are also generated independently of the amount of substance Em to be determined and made available in the control unit 20 in possibly processed form in order to then be sent as input data D_ein to the data processing device 26.
- the neural network NN is specifically trained to calculate or determine a substance emitted by applied manure (eg NH4, P2O5, K2O, N, NO3) as a virtual sensor system with regard to the emitted quantity.
- the signals provided by the control unit 20 are based on sensor signals S_sen and / or on signals or data from a data network 32 (e.g. Internet).
- a data network 32 e.g. Internet
- the latter can be used, for example, for a farmer or user to transmit a variable G_g that influences the slurry composition as a parameter to the control unit 20.
- This variable G_g can also be transmitted automatically as data from a database or as sensor signals via the data network 32 to the control unit 20.
- variable G_g influencing the manure composition is preferably a species of animal that produces the manure, the feed of the animals or also the type and / or duration of the storage of the manure.
- a nitrate concentration in the soil 34 as the amount of substance Em to be determined, the following parameters, for example, come into consideration as parameters apart from the aforementioned G_g: weather conditions, solar radiation, surface properties of the field in question 36.
- the values of these parameters are preferably determined by means of suitable sensors 18 'captured.
- This sensor system 18 'contains at least one sensor and can at least partially be part of one or more units outside the commercial vehicle being operated, for example satellite, drone, weather station. Their signals or data S_sen are then fed to control unit 20.
- the nitrate concentration in the ground 34 can also be determined as an emitted amount of substance Em. In this case, the amount or concentration of nitrate is emitted indirectly through the application of liquid manure or nitrogen into the soil 34 and subsequent conversion in the soil 34.
- the output data D_from the data processing device 26 representing the respective amount of substance Em emitted are in turn fed to a test stage 30.
- a test stage 30 With regard to the function of the test stage 30 in FIG. 3, reference is made to the explanations for the embodiment according to FIG.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019216843 | 2019-10-31 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/079930 WO2021083811A1 (de) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-10-23 | Verfahren zur ermittlung einer emittierten stoffmenge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4051895A1 true EP4051895A1 (de) | 2022-09-07 |
Family
ID=73030096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20797708.3A Pending EP4051895A1 (de) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-10-23 | Verfahren zur ermittlung einer emittierten stoffmenge |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12270724B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4051895A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7615131B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114402131A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR112022005197A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019218395A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021083811A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019218395A1 (de) | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | Deere & Company | Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer emittierten Stoffmenge |
| DE102021211865A1 (de) | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-27 | Bull Sas | Verfahren zur Ermittlung der von einem technischen System erzeugten Schadstoffmenge sowie Fahrzeug eingerichtet zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11351049A (ja) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | パラメータ推定制御装置 |
| US6882929B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2005-04-19 | Caterpillar Inc | NOx emission-control system using a virtual sensor |
| EP1402935A1 (de) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-03-31 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Kontrollverfahren eines Filters und Vorrichtung |
| US7530220B2 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2009-05-12 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Control strategy for reducing fuel consumption penalty due to NOx adsorber regeneration |
| US20070233326A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Engine self-tuning methods and systems |
| US8478506B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2013-07-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Virtual sensor based engine control system and method |
| JP4876057B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2012-02-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | プラントの制御装置、及び火力発電プラントの制御装置 |
| US20090300422A1 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | Caterpillar Inc. | Analysis method and system using virtual sensors |
| DE102008057494A1 (de) * | 2008-11-15 | 2009-07-02 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| US20100126481A1 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-05-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Engine control system having emissions-based adjustment |
| US8453431B2 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2013-06-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Engine-out NOx virtual sensor for an internal combustion engine |
| DE102011009179A1 (de) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-26 | Huber Fahrzeugtechnik | Verarbeitungssystem für eine Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage |
| EP2574763A1 (de) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-03 | Volvo Car Corporation | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Schätzung der NOx-Emission |
| DE102016215900A1 (de) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Emissionen eines Fahrzeugs und System zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| CN107577910B (zh) * | 2017-08-24 | 2020-04-03 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种基于深层次神经网络的车辆尾气浓度反演方法 |
| US10634081B2 (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2020-04-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control device of internal combustion engine |
| DE102019218395A1 (de) | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | Deere & Company | Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer emittierten Stoffmenge |
-
2019
- 2019-11-27 DE DE102019218395.6A patent/DE102019218395A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-10-23 BR BR112022005197A patent/BR112022005197A2/pt unknown
- 2020-10-23 US US17/755,458 patent/US12270724B2/en active Active
- 2020-10-23 JP JP2022517790A patent/JP7615131B2/ja active Active
- 2020-10-23 CN CN202080063925.4A patent/CN114402131A/zh active Pending
- 2020-10-23 WO PCT/EP2020/079930 patent/WO2021083811A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-10-23 EP EP20797708.3A patent/EP4051895A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20220390327A1 (en) | 2022-12-08 |
| DE102019218395A1 (de) | 2021-05-06 |
| JP2023500774A (ja) | 2023-01-11 |
| US12270724B2 (en) | 2025-04-08 |
| WO2021083811A1 (de) | 2021-05-06 |
| CN114402131A (zh) | 2022-04-26 |
| JP7615131B2 (ja) | 2025-01-16 |
| BR112022005197A2 (pt) | 2022-06-14 |
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