EP4045713A2 - Installation de mise en forme de fibres destinée à la fabrication d'articles moulés en matière fibreuse biodégradable - Google Patents

Installation de mise en forme de fibres destinée à la fabrication d'articles moulés en matière fibreuse biodégradable

Info

Publication number
EP4045713A2
EP4045713A2 EP20803082.5A EP20803082A EP4045713A2 EP 4045713 A2 EP4045713 A2 EP 4045713A2 EP 20803082 A EP20803082 A EP 20803082A EP 4045713 A2 EP4045713 A2 EP 4045713A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
tool
station
hot
pressing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20803082.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4045713B1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Hagenauer
Matthias Hausmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kiefel GmbH
Original Assignee
Kiefel GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kiefel GmbH filed Critical Kiefel GmbH
Publication of EP4045713A2 publication Critical patent/EP4045713A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4045713B1 publication Critical patent/EP4045713B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J5/00—Manufacture of hollow articles by transferring sheets, produced from fibres suspensions or papier-mâché by suction on wire-net moulds, to couch-moulds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J1/00—Fibreboard
    • D21J1/04—Pressing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a molding station for molding, a preforming station for preforming, a hot press station for final molding, a molded part made of environmentally compatible degradable fiber material in a fiber molding process in a fiber molding plant and a fiber molding plant for producing the molded part with the preceding components by means of a part made in the fiber molding plant Process than the fiber molding process.
  • the raw material basis here is the pulp.
  • the pulp consists of water, natural fibers and a binding agent such as industrial starch (potato starch) and has a pulpy consistency.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a production method for environmentally compatible molded parts made of natural fibers and a corresponding machine with which these products (molded parts) can be produced in an effective, flexible and reproducible manner with good quality.
  • a molding station for a fiber molding system for molding a molded part made of environmentally friendly degradable fiber material in a fiber molding process comprising a suction tool for sucking in the environmentally degradable fiber material than for molding the molded part from a reservoir with a Pulp as a liquid solution with the environmentally compatible degradable fiber material, the suction tool comprising a suction head with a three-dimensional suction head suction side whose shape is adapted to a contour of the later molded part, and the molded part on the suction head suction side is formed in the suction tool by means of negative pressure (suction pressure); and a movement unit, on which the suction tool is mounted, which is provided at least for placing on or for partially immersing the suction tool on or in the pulp.
  • the term "environmentally compatible degradable fiber material” refers to fiber materials that can be decomposed under environmental influences such as moisture, temperature and / or light, the decomposition process taking place for a short time, for example in the range of days, weeks or a few months.
  • the “environmentally compatible degradable fiber material” is also sometimes referred to as “fiber material” in the following.
  • Fiber materials which in the sense of the present invention represent an environmentally compatible degradable fiber material, are for example natural fibers obtained from cellulose, paper, cardboard, wood, grass, plant fibers, sugar cane residues, hemp etc.
  • An environmentally compatible, degradable fiber material can also designate artificially produced fibers such as PLA (polylactide) etc. which correspond to the above fiber materials or have their properties.
  • the environmentally compatible, degradable fiber material is preferably compostable.
  • the environmentally friendly degradable fiber material and the containers made from it are preferably suitable for introduction into the recycling of materials in the German biowaste bin and as a resource for biogas plants.
  • the fiber materials and the containers made from them are preferably biodegradable in accordance with EU standard EN 13432.
  • the term “pulp” refers to fluid masses that contain fibers, in this case the environmentally friendly degradable fiber material.
  • liquid here denotes the state of aggregation of the pulp, whereby the liquid pulp comprises the environmentally compatible degradable fiber material in the form of fibers (liquid solution with the environmentally compatible degradable fiber material).
  • the fibers can be present as individual fibers, as a fiber structure or fiber group made up of several connected fibers.
  • the fibers represent the fiber material regardless of whether they are in the pulp as individual fibers, fiber structures or fiber groups.
  • the fibers are dissolved in the liquid solution in such a way that they float in the liquid solution with the same concentration as possible, regardless of location, for example as a mixture or suspension of liquid solution and fiber material.
  • the liquid solution can be any solution suitable for the fiber molding process.
  • the pulp can be an aqueous solution with the environmentally friendly degradable fiber material.
  • An aqueous solution is, among other things, an easy-to-use solution.
  • the fiber molding process refers to the process steps that are involved in the formation of the molded part starting with the provision of the pulp, the molding of the molded part in the molding station from the fiber material from the pulp, the preforming of the molded part in the preforming station, the hot pressing of the molded part in the Hot-pressing station and, if necessary, coating the molded part with functional layers, the coating being able to be arranged at any point in the fiber molding process that is suitable for the respective layer to be applied.
  • the molded parts can have any shape, also referred to here as a contour, provided this shape (or contour) can be produced in the method according to the invention or the method is suitable for producing this shape (or contour).
  • the components used for the fiber molding process can be adapted to the respective shape (or contour) of the molded part.
  • different appropriately adapted components such as the suction tool, the suction head, the pre-press station, the hot press station, etc. can be used.
  • the desired contour of the form is preferably partly and thus the corresponding shaping components are designed in such a way that all surfaces of the molded part have an angle ⁇ of at least 3 degrees to the pressing direction during hot pressing.
  • End-formed molded parts can represent a wide variety of products, for example cups, containers, vessels, lids, bowls, portion containers, envelopes or containers for a wide variety of purposes.
  • the suction tool here refers to the tool in which the suction head (s) for forming the molded part are arranged. In the case of a single suction head, this is also the suction tool.
  • suction heads are operated simultaneously, they are all arranged in the common suction tool, so that when the suction tool is moved, the individual suction heads in the suction tool are moved along with it.
  • the media supply of the suction tool with several suction heads is routed in a suitable manner to the individual suction heads in the suction tool.
  • the placement of the suction tool on the pulp refers to touching the pulp with all suction heads located in the suction tool, which are intended for the molding of molded parts, in such a way that due to the vacuum or suction pressure applied to the pulp with the suction tool, the Fiber material is sucked out of the pulp or the pulp with the fiber material dissolved in it is sucked in.
  • the suction tool is not only placed on the pulp, but dipped into it.
  • the depth of immersion of the suction tool in the pulp depends on the respective application and the respective fiber molding process and can differ depending on the application and, if applicable, the molded part to be molded.
  • the suction head can have a negative shape.
  • a negative shape is a shape where the suction side of the suction head, i.e. the side where the fiber material is deposited due to the suction effect of the suction head and thus forms the molded part, is on the inside of the suction head, so that this inside is located after the suction head has been placed on the pulp or immersion of the suction head in the pulp forms a cavity into which the pulp with the fiber material is sucked (as shown in FIG. 1).
  • the outside of the later molded part is directed towards the inside of the suction head. After molding, the molded part therefore sits on the inside on the inside of the suction head.
  • the suction head can also have a positive shape.
  • a positive shape is a shape where the suction side of the suction head, i.e. the side where the fiber material is deposited due to the suction effect of the suction head and thus forms the molded part, is on the outside of the suction head, so that this outside is located after touching down of the suction head on the pulp or immersion of the suction head in the pulp does not form a cavity (as shown in Fig.l).
  • the inside of the later molded part is directed towards the outside of the suction head. After molding, the molded part therefore sits on the outside of the suction head.
  • the forming of the molded part denotes a first pre-forming of the molded part, this being formed from fiber material previously randomly distributed in the pulp by means of the attachment of the fiber material to the contour of the suction head with the corresponding contour.
  • the molded part still has a large proportion, for example 70% -80%, of liquid solution, for example water, and is therefore not yet stable in terms of shape.
  • a molded part is molded in a simple manner from a pulp with a fiber material, which, depending on the design of the contour of the suction head, can deliver molded parts with the most varied of contours in a very flexible manner.
  • the ratio of width or diameter to height of the molded part is not a limiting or critical parameter for the quality of the production of the respective part.
  • the molding station according to the invention makes it possible to produce the molded parts in a very reproducible manner and with great accuracy and quality in terms of shape and layer thickness of the individual molded part sections.
  • the shaping station is able to process fibers of the most varied types, provided that they can be brought into solution in such a way that greater clumping of the fibers in the liquid solution can be avoided before processing. In particular, in this way stable molded parts can be produced simply, effectively and flexibly from environmentally friendly degradable fiber material with good quality and good reproducibility.
  • the molding station according to the invention thus enables, together with subsequent molding steps according to further aspects of the invention, to produce environmentally friendly molded parts from natural fibers effectively, flexibly and reproducibly with good quality.
  • the suction head suction side of the suction head is formed from a porous sieve on a suction-side surface of the suction head, with the environmentally compatible degradable fiber adhering to the pulp side of the sieve facing the pulp due to the suction.
  • the sieve must have a porosity so that the pulp including the fiber material can be sucked through the sieve and the liquid solution of the pulp can pass through the sieve. Nevertheless, the porosity of the screen must not be too great so that the fiber material can adhere to the pulp side.
  • the screen has a wave-like structure with wave crests and wave troughs along the suction-side surface, the screen resting with the wave crests of its surface facing the suction-side surface on the suction-side surface at least during suction.
  • the suction tool comprises a plurality of suction channels which end on the suction-side surface below the screen and are distributed over the suction-side surface in such a way that essentially the same suction power is enabled in all areas between the screen and the suction-side surface.
  • the large number of suction channels makes it possible, among other things, to suck in pulp with fiber material over the entire surface of the screen, so that the molded part can be formed flat on the screen.
  • the term “essentially” here denotes a homogeneity of the suction power that is sufficient to achieve a uniformly molded molded part without significant layer thickness variations at the corners and edges of the molded part and across the surfaces of the molded part.
  • the resulting end-formed molded part has a variation in layer thickness of less than 7% compared to the desired layer thickness.
  • the suction channels have openings in the suction-side surface with diameters of less than 4 mm.
  • the suction channels have an uneven distribution on the suction-side surface, with 40% -60% fewer and / or 10% -30% more suction channels per unit area in the area of negative edges in the molded part and / or 10% -30% more in the area of positive edges are arranged in straight surfaces.
  • This lower or higher density of suction channels in the area of edges (here refers to all corners and edges, depressions and other major contour changes in the molded part, negative or positive edges refer to the contour as inner or outer edges) leads to material surpluses or material deficits in the area of the edges relative to other material thicknesses on surfaces without edges.
  • the sieve is only fastened in the suction head with reversible fastening means, preferably clamping means.
  • reversible fastening means preferably clamping means.
  • the sieves for cleaning processes can be removed quickly and easily from the suction tool or, if necessary, exchanged. This exchange is also promoted by the fact that the sieve is already supported by its support on the suction-side surface, which avoids additional brackets.
  • the screen is fastened in at least some of the suction channels as required.
  • the suction head comprises on its end face facing the pulp a collecting ring for receiving the liquid solution of the pulp sucked through the suction head suction side, which is connected to a discharge channel for the liquid solution.
  • the suction head suction side of the suction head is either the inside of the suction head as a negative shape or the outside of the suction head as a positive shape.
  • negative form and “positive form”, reference is made to the explanations given above.
  • positive forms of the suction head can be advantageous.
  • the suction tool is a multi-tool with a plurality of suction heads.
  • a multi-tool With a multi-tool, a large number of molded parts can be formed simultaneously from a shared pulp bath according to the number of suction heads, which increases the throughput of the fiber molding system and thus allows the fiber molding system to be produced more economically.
  • the shapes of the suction heads in the suction tool can differ at least in part, preferably the same shapes of the suction heads are arranged adjacent in the suction tool.
  • the different shapes can, for example, be arranged in modules in the suction tool.
  • Such a sawing tool is able to produce different molded parts simultaneously in the same fiber molding process.
  • vessels such as cups and the associated lids can be molded and processed simultaneously in the same suction tool.
  • the suction tool comprises a base plate with suction heads mounted thereon and a gas line system in the base plate which distributes at least the negative pressure provided by a vacuum pump to the suction heads for sucking in the fiber material.
  • the base plate can be connected to the movement unit in a simple and standardized way, while the suction heads mounted on it can differ depending on the desired molded part.
  • the base plate enables the suction heads to be exchanged quickly if necessary.
  • the vacuum pump can be positioned at a location remote from the suction tool and distribute the negative pressure generated to the suction heads via the gas line system.
  • the gas line system also comprises compressed gas lines for applying compressed air to the suction heads.
  • the molded parts can be ejected from the suction tool with a blast of compressed air, for example after they have been transferred to a hot-press lower tool.
  • the gas line system for the negative pressure comprises main gas lines and secondary gas lines, the main gas lines being provided for generating a pre-negative pressure and the secondary gas lines as a supplement to the main gas lines for achieving the suction negative pressure after contacting the suction tool with the pulp.
  • the main gas lines being provided for generating a pre-negative pressure
  • the secondary gas lines as a supplement to the main gas lines for achieving the suction negative pressure after contacting the suction tool with the pulp.
  • one or more valves are suitably arranged in the gas line system in order to switch off at least one suction pressure on the suction heads as soon as the suction tool has left the pulp and / or to connect at least the secondary gas lines to the main lines, once the suction tool is immersed in the pulp.
  • the movement unit comprises a robot arm which is freely movable in space and on which the suction tool is mounted.
  • the molding station can easily and flexibly supply one or more preforming stations and / or one or more hot pressing stations with molded or preformed molded parts.
  • the manufacturing process can be accelerated or modified depending on the required production rate.
  • the movement unit is therefore provided to transfer the molded parts in the suction tool to the pre-pressing station of a pre-forming station and / or to the hot-pressing station.
  • the robot arm is connected to the suction tool with a suitable interface including all media supply connections for the suction tool. This means that standardized suction tools can be used, which enable quick replacement if necessary.
  • the movement unit is provided to immerse the suction head (s) completely into the pulp for contacting.
  • Complete immersion is particularly suitable for a suction head as a positive form, since, in contrast to a negative form, there is no inner cavity in the suction head in which a suction pressure (negative pressure) can be generated between the pulp and suction side to suck in the fiber material.
  • a suction pressure negative pressure
  • the movement unit and the suction tool are designed to leave the molded parts in the pre-pressing station for pre-pressing in the suction tool after the transfer into the pre-forming station.
  • the molded part is still relatively moist when it is molded in the suction head and therefore not dimensionally stable, it is advantageous for an error-free and qualitatively good process to leave the molded part in the suction head at least until the pre-pressing is complete to avoid any mold changes for the molded part to avoid.
  • the suction tool represents the pre-press upper tool in the pre-forming station, this also accelerates the pre-forming process.
  • the movement unit and the suction tool are designed to eject the molded parts in the hot pressing station for the subsequent hot pressing from the suction tool. This can be done, for example, by means of a pressure surge on the preformed molded parts in the suction tool, so that the molded parts can be quickly transferred to the hot-pressing station.
  • the movement unit and the suction tool are therefore designed to eject the molded parts from the suction heads of the suction tool by means of compressed air.
  • the object is achieved by a preforming station for a fiber molding system for preforming a molded part from environmentally friendly degradable fiber material in a fiber molding process
  • a preforming station for a fiber molding system for preforming a molded part from environmentally friendly degradable fiber material in a fiber molding process comprising a reservoir with a pulp as a liquid solution with the environmentally compatible degradable fiber material for a Shaping (in the shaping station according to the invention) of the molded part, preferably arranged as a horizontal upwardly open reservoir; and a prepressing station for preforming the molded part formed by means of a molding station according to one of the preceding claims by means of a suction tool with a prepress pressure to reduce a proportion of the liquid solution in the molded part and to stabilize the shape of the molded part.
  • the pulp cannot contain any organic binder, and preferably also no non-organic binder.
  • the molded parts produced from originally environmentally degradable fiber material can be degraded in a particularly environmentally compatible way, since no environmentally critical binder, preferably no binder at all, is used.
  • the absence of binders is made possible by the combination of the molding, preforming and hot pressing steps, which in their entirety create a good mechanical linkage ensure the individual fibers together in the fiber material of the molded part.
  • the mechanical linkage is so strong that binders can be dispensed with for dimensional stability of the molded part.
  • the environmentally compatible degradable fiber material consists essentially of fibers with a fiber length of less than 5 mm.
  • the pulp is provided with a temperature of less than or equal to 80 ° C., preferably less than or equal to 50 ° C., particularly preferably room temperature. These low temperatures allow, among other things, simple process management, in particular at room temperature. The hot pressing process can be accelerated a little at higher temperatures.
  • the preforming station By means of the preforming station, a preformed preformed part which is stable enough for further processing and which has a further reduced proportion of liquid solution is produced in a simple manner from a mechanically still unstable molded part by means of pre-pressing.
  • the ratio of width or diameter to height of the molded part does not represent a limiting or critical parameter for the quality of the production of the respective molded parts.
  • the preforming station according to the invention enables the molded parts to be produced very reproducibly and with great accuracy and quality in terms of shape and layer thickness to produce and process individual molded part sections.
  • the prepressing can be carried out at a temperature of the prepressing station of less than 80 ° C., preferably less than 50 ° C., particularly preferably at room temperature.
  • the prepressing is carried out at the prepressing pressure between 0.2 N / mm 2 and 0.3 N / mm 2 , preferably between 0.23 N / mm 2 and 0.27 N / mm 2 .
  • the preforming station according to the invention together with previous and subsequent molding steps according to further aspects of the invention, enables environmentally friendly molded parts to be produced from natural fibers effectively, flexibly and reproducibly with good quality.
  • the preform station furthermore comprises a pulp preparation and replenishment unit for replenishing the pulp for the reservoir.
  • a pulp preparation and replenishment unit for replenishing the pulp for the reservoir.
  • the pulp preparation and replenishment unit therefore fills the reservoir at least periodically, preferably continuously, depending on the pulp consumption by forming the molded part, in order to ensure that the reservoir has a required fill level for the forming.
  • the prepressing station is arranged and configured in relation to the reservoir in such a way that the liquid solution removed from the molded part by the prepressing is fed back into the reservoir. The pulp consumption can thus be reduced.
  • the prepress station is in a vertical one Alignment to this arranged above the reservoir, so that the liquid solution removed from the molded part by the pre-pressing flows back into the reservoir from the pre-pressing station directly into the reservoir. Alternatively, after preparation, the liquid solution flows back into the reservoir through the pulp preparation and subsequent delivery unit of the preform station.
  • the pre-press station comprises a pre-press lower tool, the shape of which is adapted to the molded part remaining in the suction tool so that it can be attached to the pre-press lower tool in such a way that it is arranged between the pre-press lower tool and the suction tool so that the suction tool can be pressed with the pre-compression pressure onto the pre-compression lower tool.
  • the suction tool can be pressed onto a stationary pre-press lower tool or the pre-press lower tool is pressed onto a stationary suction tool.
  • the term “apply” only refers to the relative movement of the suction tool to the pre-press lower tool.
  • the suction tool represents the pre-pressing upper tool of the pre-pressing station.
  • the suction tool is placed on the pre-pressing lower tool and pressed onto the pre-pressing lower tool by means of a separate pressing unit, preferably a piston rod.
  • the suction tool can also be attached to a robot arm, which exerts the pre-compression pressure itself via the suction tool on the pre-compression lower tool.
  • the pre-compression station can also be designed as a multi-tool with a large number of pre-compression lower tools adapted to the suction tool as a multi-tool in order to apply the pre-compression pressure simultaneously to all molded parts of the suction tool to carry out the pre-pressing for all molded parts simultaneously.
  • the pre-pressing can be carried out as a membrane pressing, the pre-pressing lower tool being designed as a flexible membrane and the pre-pressing pressure being applied to the membrane as gas pressure, which is then pressed onto the outer contour of the molded part.
  • Membrane pressing is particularly suitable for geometries of the molded part where pressure is to be exerted on a large area.
  • surfaces can also be simultaneously The same pressure can be set, which are perpendicular to one another in any spatial orientation, since during membrane pressing the pre-compression pressure is generated by means of gas pressure, for example by means of compressed air, which acts on the membrane in a direction-independent manner. This would not be possible with a plunger rod, for example.
  • Rubber membranes for example, can be used as membranes.
  • the membrane should have a contour accuracy of less than 20% and can be designed differently locally, for example with thinner and thicker walls and / or arranged closer to the contour or further away from it.
  • the pre-press lower tool has a pressing surface facing the molded part, which has a lower surface roughness than the screen. This exerts a homogeneous pressure on the molded part.
  • the adhesion between the pre-press lower tool and the molded part is less than with structured surfaces of the pre-press lower tool, which ensures that the pre-pressed molded parts remain in the suction tool and not on the pre-press lower tool for transfer to the hot-pressing station without any further technical measures remain, which would cause a disruption in the production process.
  • the suction tool can generate a suitable negative pressure in the suction tool for the transfer of the pre-pressed molded parts to the hot-pressing station in order to improve the adhesion of the molded parts to the suction tool.
  • the pre-press lower tool is made from metal or at least partially from elastomer, preferably from silicone.
  • Pre-pressing lower tools made of metal are particularly suitable for cases where a temperature greater than room temperature or a particularly high pre-pressing pressure is to be applied during pre-pressing.
  • Pre-compression lower tools made of an elastomer or at least partially made of elastomer are advantageous for multi-tools as suction tools and pre-compression lower tools, since the elastomer can still be easily deformed under pressure and thus flexibly adapts to a multi-suction tool that may bend under the pre-compression pressure and thus the homogeneity of the shaping of the various molded parts in the Improved multi-suction tool.
  • silicone for example, is also well suited as an elastomer as a temperature-resistant material in this area.
  • pre-pressing lower tools at least partially made of elastomer
  • these have a cavity which is enveloped by a wall of the elastomer as a pressing surface
  • the pre-pressing station being designed to pressurize the cavity with gas pressure during pre-pressing in order to generate the pre-pressing pressure or at least support it.
  • the pre-press lower tools are arranged on a common carrier plate, which is equipped as an interface to the pre-press station for reversible attachment to the pre-press station and / or to supply the individual pre-press lower tools with gas pressure.
  • the pre-press lower tool can also be quickly exchanged as a multi-tool if required.
  • the carrier plate additionally comprises a heating element, preferably a heating element extending flat over the carrier plate, for heating the pre-press lower tools.
  • the molding station is part of the preforming station.
  • the forming station can be connected to the preforming station via suitable lines in such a way that the liquid solution and / or fiber material that has passed through the suction head is fed back into the pulp via the preforming station.
  • the suction tool with a negative form is attached to the pre-press lower tool (with a corresponding positive form) as the suction head suction side. attached or inserted with a positive form as the suction head suction side in the pre-press lower tool (as a corresponding negative form).
  • a hot press station for a fiber molding system for the final molding of a molded part from environmentally friendly degradable fiber material in a fiber molding process comprising a hot press lower tool adapted to a contour of the molded part for receiving the molded part and a corresponding Hot-pressing upper tool adapted to the molded part to be placed on or in the molded part along a closing direction for the hot-pressing station, the hot-pressing lower tool and / or the hot-pressing upper tool for exerting a hot-pressing pressure on the hot-pressing between the hot-pressing lower part during hot pressing - Tool and hot press upper tool arranged molded part are provided.
  • the pre-formed molded part is transferred to the hot-pressing station by means of the suction tool, with the molded part being removed from the suction tool for subsequent hot-pressing.
  • the transfer is advantageous in that the hot pressing is carried out at a high temperature with a significantly higher pressure. If the molded part were to remain in the suction tool without being transferred for hot pressing, the fiber material could get caught in the sieve of the suction tool and be removed from the suction tool only with difficulty, possibly only with damage after the hot pressing. In addition, the sieve could be damaged by the high pressure, so that the suction tool would no longer function afterwards.
  • the transfer can take place in such a way that the molded part (s) from the suction tool are transferred to the hot-pressing station passively by depositing or actively by means of an ejection pressure in the suction tool against the molded parts.
  • the molded part With the hot pressing of the pre-pressed molded part with a hot pressing pressure, the molded part is finally shaped with a further reduction of the proportion of the liquid solution in the molded part, for example to below 10%, preferably to about 7%, after which it is then stable and dimensionally stable.
  • the hot-pressing lower and upper tools are preferably made of metal.
  • the hot pressing is carried out at the hot pressing pressure higher than the pre-pressing pressure, for example with a hot pressing pressure between 0.5 N / mm 2 and 1.5 N / mm 2 , preferably between 0.8 N / mm 2 and 1.2 N / mm 2 .
  • the hot pressing pressure can be applied for a pressing time of less than 20s, preferably more than 8s, particularly preferably between 10 and 14s, even more preferably 12s.
  • the hot pressing pressure is applied hydraulically to the hot pressing station via a piston rod, for example, this piston rod pressing, for example, on the hot pressing upper tool, which in turn presses on the stationary hot pressing lower tool with the molded part in between.
  • the arrangement could also be carried out the other way round.
  • the hot pressing station is used to produce, in a simple manner, from a preformed and still slightly variable molded part by means of hot pressing a molded part that is finally shaped for further processing and has a significantly reduced proportion of liquid solution.
  • the ratio of width or diameter to height of the molded part does not represent a limiting or critical parameter for the quality of the production of the respective molded parts.
  • the hot pressing station according to the invention enables the molded parts to be produced very reproducibly and with great accuracy and quality in terms of shape and layer thickness to produce and process individual molded part sections.
  • end-stable molded parts can be produced simply, effectively and flexibly from environmentally compatible, degradable fiber material with good quality and good reproducibility in this way.
  • the hot pressing station according to the invention together with previous molding steps according to further aspects of the invention, enables environmentally friendly molded parts to be produced from natural fibers effectively, flexibly and reproducibly with good quality.
  • the lower hot press tool in the case of a negative shape of a suction tool, also has a negative shape and is provided as an inner tool, while the upper hot press tool is placed thereon as an outer tool for hot pressing.
  • the hot press lower tool also has a positive shape and is provided as an external tool, while the hot press upper tool is used as an inner tool for hot pressing into the Hot press lower tool is used.
  • the two hot-press upper and lower tools can work together to apply high pressures at high temperatures to the molded part in between.
  • the respective hot-press sides of the hot-press lower tool and of the hot-press upper tool facing the molded part are heated by means of electrical heating cartridges.
  • Electric heating cartridges enable the hot-press lower tool and the hot-press upper tool to be heated up quickly when the tools are closed after the tools have cooled down by opening the hot-pressing station to remove the final molded parts.
  • the heating cartridges in the hot-press lower tool and the hot-press upper tool are designed and arranged in such a way as to heat the hot-press sides to temperatures greater than 150.degree. C., preferably between 180.degree. C. and 250.degree. This means that the liquid (or moisture) in the molded part can be reduced to below 10% quickly and reliably.
  • the heating cartridges are controlled in such a way that the temperatures of the hot-press lower tool and the hot-press upper tool differ. This gives the molded part, among other things, a better surface, especially on the warmer side.
  • the hot press upper tool preferably has a higher temperature than the hot press lower tool, the temperatures preferably differ by at least 25 ° C, preferably not more than 60 ° C, particularly preferably by 50 ° C.
  • the heating cartridges are arranged close to the contour on the molded part in the respective hot-press upper tools and hot-press lower tools.
  • the near-contour heating cartridges heat the hot-pressing side to process temperature more quickly, which accelerates the hot-pressing process.
  • the respective hot-pressing upper tools and hot-pressing lower tools are preferably made of metal in order to support this by means of good heat conduction.
  • at least one heating cartridge with a first heating power is arranged in the inner tool, while in the outer tool a plurality of heating cartridges with second heating powers are arranged around the hot-pressing side of the outer tool. With this arrangement, rapid heating is achieved while at the same time the number of heating cartridges is as small as possible.
  • the first heating output is preferably greater than the second heating output.
  • this in the case of a single heating cartridge in the inner tool, this is arranged centrally in the inner tool parallel to the closing direction, and / or in the case of several heating cartridges in the inner tool, these are concentric around the closing direction parallel to the hot-pressing side of the inner tool Arranged tool.
  • a large number of heating cartridges are arranged in the outer tool concentrically around the closing direction, parallel to the hot-pressing side of the outer tool.
  • the hot-press lower tools and / or the hot-press upper tools comprise a cover made of a thermally insulating material on the sides facing away from the molded part in order to keep the process temperature as constant as possible and to minimize the required heating power of the heating cartridges to keep.
  • the hot-pressing lower tool comprises channels on its hot-pressing side, with which the liquid solution can be at least partially removed during hot-pressing.
  • the hot-pressing lower tool comprises channels on its hot-pressing side, with which the liquid solution can be at least partially removed during hot-pressing.
  • both the hot-press lower tool and the hot-press upper tool are configured as a multi-tool with a large number of hot-press lower tools and also on hot-press upper tools on respective carrier plates for the respective hot-press lower tools and hot-press upper tools - guided.
  • all preformed molded parts can be subjected to the hot pressing pressure from the suction tool simultaneously with one another after they have been handed over, and the hot pressing can thus be carried out simultaneously for all molded parts.
  • the carrier plates are mounted in the hot-pressing station so that they can be moved laterally in order to enable the respective hot-pressing lower tools and hot-pressing upper tools to be changed as multi-tools outside a process space of the hot-pressing station. This means that changes can be carried out quickly and in a space-saving manner.
  • the carrier plate of the hot-press upper tools of the multi-tool is equipped with gas lines to create negative pressure in the respective hot-press upper tools, depending on the process step, to hold the molded parts in and / or overpressure to discharge the final molded parts from the hot-press upper tool - to create.
  • expansion means are arranged between the carrier plate and a holder for the carrier plate, so that due to the high temperatures and temperature fluctuations when opening and closing the hot-pressing station, the holders and other components can be compensated for.
  • thermally insulating material is arranged between the carrier plate and the holder in order to keep the process temperature as constant as possible and to keep the necessary heating power of the heating cartridges as low as possible.
  • the invention further relates to a fiber molding plant for the production of molded parts from environmentally compatible degradable fiber material comprising at least one molding station according to the invention, a preforming station according to the invention, one according to the invention Hot pressing station for the production of a molded part from environmentally compatible degradable fiber material by means of a fiber molding process carried out in the fiber molding plant.
  • a molded part is easily produced from a fiber material, which, depending on the design of the contour of the suction head, can deliver molded parts with a wide variety of contours .
  • the ratio of width or diameter to height of the molded part is not a limiting or critical parameter for the quality of the production of the respective molded part.
  • the combination of the suction tool for molding and the preforming and hot pressing stations makes the molded parts very reproducible and are produced with great accuracy and quality with regard to the shape and layer thickness of the individual molded part sections.
  • the fiber forming system according to the invention is able to process fibers of the most varied types, provided that they can be brought into solution in such a way that a major clumping of the fibers in the liquid solution can be avoided before processing.
  • stable molded parts can be produced simply, effectively and flexibly from environmentally friendly degradable fiber material with good quality and good reproducibility.
  • the fiber molding system according to the invention therefore makes it possible to produce environmentally friendly molded parts from natural fibers in an effective, flexible and reproducible manner with good quality.
  • the fiber molding system comprises a control unit for controlling at least the molding station, the preforming station and the hot pressing station and their sub-components.
  • the control unit can be designed as a processor, separate computer system or web-based and is suitably connected to the components of the fiber forming system to be controlled, for example via data cables or wirelessly by means of WLAN, radio or other wireless transmission means.
  • the fiber molding system additionally comprises a coating unit for applying one or more functional layers to the Molded part.
  • a coating unit for applying one or more functional layers to the Molded part.
  • additional functionalities such as moisture, aroma, odor or taste barriers or barriers against fats, oils, gases such as O 2 and N 2 , light acids and all substances that can perish Contribute to foodstuffs and / or substances that are not suitable for foodstuffs are applied to the molded part.
  • the coating unit can be arranged at any position suitable for the layer to be applied in the process sequence for producing the molded part.
  • the functional layer can be arranged in the suction process, after the pre-pressing or after the hot pressing, depending on the application.
  • the term “functional layer” here refers to any additional layer applied to the original fiber material, which is applied over the entire surface or in partial areas on an inside and / or on an outside of the molded part.
  • the fiber molding system additionally comprises an output unit for outputting the end-formed molded part.
  • the output unit outputs the molded part for further transport or further processing, for example to subsequent cutting, labeling, printing, stacking and / or packing stations, for example with the aid of a conveyor belt.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the production of molded parts from environmentally compatible degradable fiber material by means of a fiber molding process in a fiber molding plant according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
  • suction head with negative and positive mold (a) before the molding and (b) after the molding of the molded part;
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the suction tool according to the invention with modules (a) in a plan view of the suction side and (b) in a lateral section along the cutting plane A-B;
  • FIG. 6 an embodiment of the molding and preforming stations according to the invention
  • 7 shows an embodiment of the pre-press lower tool according to the invention as a multi-tool (a) in a perspective view of the multi-tool and (b) in a lateral section of an individual pre-press lower tool in the multi-tool
  • 8 a further embodiment of the hot pressing station according to the invention (a) in a side view and (b) in a perspective view;
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the hot press lower tool and hot press upper tool of the hot press station from FIG. 8 during hot pressing;
  • FIG. 10 a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the hot pressing lower tool and hot pressing upper tool of the hot pressing station from FIG. 8 during hot pressing;
  • FIG. 11 an embodiment of the fiber molding plant according to the invention
  • FIG. 12 a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • Fig.l shows an embodiment of the suction head with negative and positive mold (a) before the molding and (b) after the molding of the molded part in a molding station 20 for a fiber molding system 100 for molding 210 a molded part 10 from environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11.
  • the molding station is described globally in FIG.
  • the suction tool 2 comprises a suction head 21 with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s, the shape of which is adapted to a contour 10i, 10a of the later molded part 10, and the molded part 10 on the suction head suction side 21s is formed in the suction tool 2 by means of negative pressure.
  • the suction head suction side 21s of the suction head 21 is formed from a porous sieve 22, on whose pulp side 22p facing the pulp 1 the environmentally compatible degradable fiber 11 adheres due to the suction for forming 130 of the molded part 10 (see molded part 10 in Fig. 2c).
  • the suction tool 2 comprises a large number of suction channels 23, which end on the suction-side surface 23 s below the sieve 22 and are distributed over the suction-side surface 23s in such a way that essentially the same suction power in all areas between the sieve 22 and the suction-side surface 23s is enabled.
  • the suction channels 23 can have openings in the suction-side surface 23 s with a diameter of less than 4 mm.
  • the cross-sectional area of the suction channels 23 can have any suitable shape, for example the cross-sectional area can be circular or oval.
  • the suction channels 23 also have an uneven distribution on the suction-side surface 23s, 40% -60% fewer in the area of negative edges in the molded part 10 and / or 10% -30% more suction channels 23 per unit area in the area of positive edges than when straight surfaces are arranged.
  • the suction head for forming the molded part can only dip a little into the pulp 1 so that a closed cavity is formed in the interior 21 i of the suction head. In other embodiments, the suction head 21 could also be completely immersed in the pulp 1.
  • the liquid solution of the pulp 1 passing through the sieve 22 during the molding 130 is discharged from the suction tool 2.
  • the suction head 21 comprises on its end face 21p facing the pulp 1 a collecting ring 24 for receiving the liquid solution of the pulp 1 sucked through the suction head suction side 21s, which is connected to a discharge channel 25 for the liquid solution.
  • the suction head suction side 21s of the suction head 21 can either be designed as a negative form (left part of FIG. 1) as the suction head inside 21i or as a positive form (right part of FIG. 1) as the suction head outside 21a .
  • the molded part 10 (gray outer layer on the suction head 21, Fig.lb right) formed on the outside due to the suction pressure SD to the suction head outside 21a is used for pre-pressing in the pre-press lower tool 31, which is adapted to the positive shape of the suction head 21 Has a shape with a pressing surface 31 as the inner surface of the pre-pressing lower tool 31.
  • the suction head 21 furthermore comprises a gas line system 27, which forwards the provided negative pressure to the suction head 21 as suction pressure SD.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the pulp reservoir 6 with pulp, where the environmentally friendly degradable fiber material 11 is indicated as “waves”.
  • the pulp 1 can contain a proportion of environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11 of less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, particularly preferably between 0.5% and 1.0%, in a liquid solution, for example an aqueous solution.
  • the pulp 1 does not include any organic binder, preferably no binder at all.
  • the environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11 can essentially consist of fibers with a fiber length of less than 5 mm.
  • the pulp 1 is provided at a temperature less than or equal to 80 ° C., preferably less than or equal to 50 ° C., particularly preferably at room temperature.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the suction head 21 according to the invention as a lateral section, the screen 22 having a wave-shaped structure with wave crests 22w and wave troughs 22t along the suction-side surface 23 s.
  • the screen 22 rests with the wave crests 22w of its side 22s facing the suction-side surface 23s on the suction-side surface 23s and is thereby mechanically supported in its shape by the suction-side surface 23 so that the screen is positioned 22 not changed geometrically in the molding process and therefore a dimensional accuracy for the subsequently formed molded part is guaranteed.
  • the sieve 22 is fastened to the suction head 21 in the suction head 21 (indicated on the lower side) with a reversible fastening means 28, here designed as clamping means. Additionally or alternatively, the sieve 22 could also be fastened in at least some of the suction channels 23.
  • the fiber 11 indicates, by way of example for the molded fiber material 11, how the fiber material 11 is molded onto the screen 22 so that the molded part is molded as a whole by sucking in the pulp.
  • the suction tool 2 is a multi-tool with a large number of suction heads 21. These suction heads are arranged on the suction side in a two-dimensional arrangement with four rows of 5 suction heads each. In other embodiments, multi-tools 2 can also have other numbers of rows and columns of suction heads 21.
  • the suction tool 2 here comprises a base plate 26 with suction heads 21 mounted thereon and a gas line system 27 in the base plate 26.
  • the base plate 26 is not to be understood here as a thin plate, but rather designates the rear structure of the suction tool 2, which is used to connect the movement unit 4 and suction heads 21 is used.
  • the gas line system 27 distributes the negative pressure provided by a vacuum pump 5 as suction pressure SD to the suction heads 21 for sucking in the fiber material 11 . to detach or release the preformed molded parts 11 from the suction heads 21.
  • the gas line system 27 for the negative pressure (suction pressure) for forming the molded parts 11 comprises one or more main gas lines 27h and secondary gas lines 27n, the main gas lines 27h for generating a pre-vacuum and the secondary gas lines 27n as a supplement to the main gas lines 27h to achieve the Suction pressure SD are provided after contacting the suction tool 21 with the pulp 1.
  • the main gas lines preferably have a large cross section, while the secondary gas lines have a smaller cross section for this purpose.
  • One or more valves 27v are arranged in the gas line system 27 in order to switch off the suction pressure SD at the suction heads 21 as soon as the suction tool has left the pulp 1 and / or around at least the secondary gas lines to be switched on to the main lines as soon as the suction tool 2 is immersed in the pulp 1.
  • the multi-tool 2 is connected to the robot arm 4a via the interface 4s including all media supply connections for the suction tool 2 with the movement unit 4. Movement unit 4 and suction tool 2 are designed to eject the molded parts 10 from the suction heads 21 of the suction tool 2 by means of compressed air provided through the compressed gas line 27d and distributed to the individual suction heads 21 via the base plate 26.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the suction tool 2 according to the invention with modules 29 (a) in a plan view of the suction side and (b) in a lateral section along the cutting plane A-B.
  • the individual shapes of the suction heads 21 in the suction tool 2 as a multi-tool can differ at least in part, with the same shapes of the suction heads 21 being arranged adjacent in the suction tool 2 in separate modules 29.
  • a first module 29 there are four suction heads for producing larger cups
  • a second module 29 there are six suction heads for producing smaller cups
  • a third module 29 two suction heads for producing smaller cups
  • a fourth module 29 a suction head for the production of a larger shell.
  • the molding station 20 comprises the suction tool 2 (designed here as a multi-tool) for sucking in the environmentally friendly degradable fiber material 11 for the molding 210 of the molded part 10 from a reservoir 6 with a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally degradable fiber material 11 (further details For the suction head, see FIGS. 1-5) and a movement unit 4 on which the suction tool 2 is mounted and which is at least for placing on or partially immersing the suction tool 2 is provided on or in the pulp 1.
  • the suction tool 2 designed here as a multi-tool
  • the preform station 30 comprises the reservoir 6 with the pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11 for forming the molded part 10 in the suction tool 2, arranged as a horizontal upwardly open reservoir 6 and a pre-pressing station 3 (designed here as a multi-tool) for Preforming 220 of the molded part 10 already molded by means of the molding station 20 with a prepress pressure VD to reduce a proportion of the liquid solution in the molded part 10 and to stabilize the shape of the molded part 10. Furthermore, the preforming station 30 comprises a pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 for the Replenishment of the pulp 1 for the reservoir 6.
  • the pulp is premixed from a solvent and a fiber material 11, finally mixed into production pulp 1, fed into the reservoir and / or from returns from the suction tool 2 and / or the prepress station 3 det, in which case the proportion of the fiber material 11 has to be adjusted to the desired proportion again so that the production pump does not thin out the fiber material 11 during the ongoing process.
  • the pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 includes one or more containers (two shown here) for solvent and mixed pulp as well as a depot for the fiber material 11.
  • the pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 fills the reservoir 6 Depending on the pulp consumption due to the molding of the molded part 10, at least periodically, preferably continuously, in order to ensure a required fill level of the reservoir 6 and the desired proportion of fiber material 11 in the pulp 1 for the molding.
  • the pre-pressing station 3 can be arranged and configured in relation to the reservoir 6 in such a way that the liquid solution removed from the molded part by the pre-pressing is fed back into the reservoir 6.
  • the prepress station 3 can be arranged in a vertical orientation above the reservoir 6 so that the liquid solution removed from the molded part by the prepressing flows back into the reservoir 6 from the prepress station 3 directly into the reservoir 6.
  • the molding station 20 can be connected to the preforming station 30 via suitable lines (not shown here) so that the liquid solution and / or fiber material 11 that has passed through the suction head 21 can be passed through the preforming station 30, here by means of the pulp preparation and Subsequent delivery unit 35, is fed back into the pulp 1.
  • the movement unit 4 here comprises a robot arm 4a which is freely movable in space and on which the suction tool 2 is mounted.
  • the robot arm 4a is connected to the suction tool 2 with a suitable interface 4s comprising all media supply connections for the suction tool 2.
  • the movement unit 4 can be provided to immerse the suction heads 21 completely into the pulp 1 for contacting 120.
  • the pre-pressing can be carried out at a temperature of the pre-pressing station 3 of less than 80 ° C., preferably less than 50 ° C., particularly preferably at room temperature, the pre-pressing pressure VD between 0.2 N / mm 2 and 0.3 N / mm 2 , preferably between 0.23 N / mm 2 and 0.27 N / mm 2 .
  • the pre-pressing (pre-forming) can also be carried out with a membrane 32 as the pre-pressing lower tool 31 as membrane pressing (not shown here). The suction tool 2 would then be inserted into the correspondingly shaped pre-press lower tool 31 with a positive form as the suction head suction side 21s.
  • the membrane 32 would be designed as a flexible membrane.
  • the pre-compression pressure VD would be applied as gas pressure to the membrane 32, which is then pressed onto the outer contour of the molded part 10.
  • pressure can also be exerted on surfaces of the molded part 10 which cannot be applied by means of hydraulic pressing, since the gas pressure applies the membrane to all surfaces with the same pressure regardless of direction.
  • the movement unit 4 and the suction tool 2 are also designed to eject the molded-on molded parts 10 in the hot pressing station for the subsequent hot pressing from the suction tool 2. This can take place, for example, by means of compressed air, which ejects the molded parts 10 from the suction heads 21 of the suction tool 2.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the pre-press lower tool according to the invention as a multi-tool with a plurality of pre-press lower tools 31 adapted to the suction tool 2 (a) in a perspective view of the multi-tool and (b) in a lateral section of a single pre-press lower tool in the multi-tool.
  • the pre-press lower tool 31 is adapted here to a negative shape of the suction heads 21 so that the molded part 11 can be attached to the pre-press lower tool 31 in such a way that it is arranged between the pre-press lower tool 31 and suction tool 2 so that the suction - Tool 2 can be pressed with the pre-compression pressure VD onto the pre-compression lower tool 31.
  • the lower pre-press tool 31 has a pressing surface 31a facing the molded part 10, which has a lower surface roughness than the screen 22 of the suction tool 2.
  • the lower pre-press tool 31 can, for example, be made of metal or at least in part an elastomer, preferably silicone, be made. In the embodiments shown here, the pre-press lower tool 31 is partly made of an elastomer, here silicone.
  • the pre-pressing lower tool 31 has a cavity 33 which is encased by a wall 34 made of the elastomer as a pressing surface 31a, the pre-pressing station 3 being designed to apply gas pressure GD to the cavity 33 during pre-pressing in order to achieve the Generate prepress pressure VD on molded part 10 and suction tool 2 or at least support the prepress pressure exerted by suction tool 2 with the oppositely directed gas pressure GD (see FIG. 7b).
  • the individual pre-press lower tools 31 are arranged on a common carrier plate 35, which is equipped as an interface to the pre-press station 3 for reversible attachment to the pre-press station and / or to supply the individual pre-press lower tools 31 with gas pressure.
  • the carrier plate 35 additionally has a heating element 36 which extends flat over the carrier plate 35 in order to enable the pre-press lower tools 31 to be heated.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the hot pressing station 40 according to the invention (A) in side view and (b) in perspective view comprising a hot press lower tool 41 adapted to a contour 10i of the molded part 10 for receiving the molded part 10 and a hot press upper tool 42 adapted accordingly to the molded part 10 for mounting or inserting on or in the molded part 10 along a closing direction SR for the hot press station 40, the hot press lower tool 41 and the hot press upper tool 42 exerting a hot press pressure HD on the molded part 10 arranged between the hot press lower tool 41 and hot press upper tool 42 during hot pressing .
  • the lower hot press tool 41 also has a negative shape (as shown here) and is thus provided as an inner tool 40i in the hot pressing station 40, while the upper hot press tool 42 is placed thereon as an outer tool 40a for hot pressing.
  • the lower hot press tool 41 would also have a positive shape and would be provided as an outer tool 40a, while the upper hot press tool 42 as an inner tool 40i for hot pressing into the lower hot press tool 41 would be used.
  • the hot press lower tool 41 and the hot press upper tool 42 are designed here as complementary multi-tools with a large number of hot press lower tools 41 and hot press upper tools 42 arranged on respective carrier plates 45 for the respective hot press lower tools 41 and hot press upper tools 42 .
  • the carrier plates 45 are mounted laterally movable in the hot press station 40 (see FIG. 8b) in order to enable the respective hot press lower tools 41 and hot press upper tools 42 to be changed as multi-tools outside a process area of the hot press station 40.
  • the carrier plate 45 of the hot-press upper tools 42 of the multi-tool is equipped with gas lines in order to produce a negative pressure in the respective hot-press upper tools 42, depending on the process step, to hold the molded parts 10 in and / or an overpressure to dispense the final molded parts 10 to apply the hot press upper tools 42.
  • the carrier plate 45 can be moved out of the hot-pressing position be moved to an output position.
  • expansion means 47 are arranged between the carrier plate 45 and a holder 46 for the carrier plate 45 to compensate for thermal expansion effects.
  • Thermally insulating material 44 can be arranged between the carrier plate 45 and the holder 46, see FIG. 9, for example.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the hot press lower tool 41 and hot press upper tool 42 of the hot press station 40 from FIG. 8 during hot pressing.
  • the respective hot press sides 41 a, 42 a of the hot press lower tool 41 and of the hot press upper tool 42 facing the molded part 10 are heated by means of electrical heating cartridges 43.
  • the heating cartridges 43 in the hot-press lower tool 41 and hot-press upper tool 42 are designed and arranged such that the hot-press sides 41a, 42a can be heated to temperatures greater than 150.degree. C., preferably between 180.degree. C. and 250.degree .
  • the heating cartridges 43 can be controlled in such a way that the temperatures of the hot-press lower tool 41 and the hot-press upper tool 42 differ, the hot-press upper tool 42 being able to have a higher temperature than the hot-press lower tool 41; the temperatures preferably differ by at least 25 ° C, preferably not more than 60 ° C, particularly preferably around 50 ° C.
  • the heating cartridges 43 are arranged close to the contour on the molded part 10 in the respective hot-press upper tools 42 and hot-press lower tools 41, and the respective hot-press upper tools 42 and hot-press lower tools 41 are made of metal.
  • a heating cartridge 43 is arranged centrally in the inner tool 40i parallel to the closing direction SR with a first heating power, while in the outer tool six heating cartridges 43 with second heating power are arranged concentrically around the closing direction SR parallel to the hot-pressing side 41a, 42a of the inner tool 40i , wherein the first heating power is greater than the second heating power.
  • the hot-pressing upper tools 42 comprise a casing 44 made of a thermally insulating material on the sides facing away from the molded part 10.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the hot press lower tool 41 and hot press upper tool 42 of the hot press station 40 from FIG. 8 during hot pressing.
  • the pre-pressed molded part 10 is transferred to the hot-pressing station 40 by means of the suction tool 2, the molded part 10 being removed from the suction tool 2 for subsequent hot-pressing.
  • the hot-press station 40 comprises a hot-press lower tool 41 with a hot-press side 41a adapted to a contour of the molded part 10 and a hot-press upper tool 42, with the molded part 10 being placed from the suction tool 2 onto the hot-press lower tool 41 during transfer (here at a negative mold. In the case of a positive mold, it would be inserted into the hot press lower tool).
  • the hot press upper tool 42 is then pressed onto the hot press lower tool 41 with the molded part 10 arranged in between.
  • the hot press lower tool 41 can be made of metal.
  • the hot press lower tool 41 also comprises channels 41k to its hot press side 41a, with which the liquid solution can be at least partially removed from the molded part 10 during hot pressing.
  • These channels 41k can have a diameter of less than or equal to 1.0 mm, at least on the hot-pressing side.
  • the channels can have any suitable geometry as a cross-sectional area.
  • the channels 41k have a round or elliptical cross section.
  • the upper hot press tool 42 is adapted to the contour of the molded part 10 at least with the side 42 i facing the molded part; the upper hot press tool 42 is preferably also made of metal.
  • the hot press upper tool 42 has a higher temperature than the hot press lower tool 41, the temperatures being at least 25 ° C, preferably not more than 60 ° C, particularly preferably by 50 ° C, differ.
  • the hot pressing can be carried out at a temperature greater than 150.degree. C., preferably between 180.degree. C. and 250.degree.
  • the hot pressing 140 is carried out at the hot pressing pressure HD higher than the pre-pressing pressure VD.
  • the hot pressing pressure HD can be between 0.5 N / mm 2 and 1.5 N / mm 2 , preferably between 0.8 N / mm 2 and 1.2 N / mm 2 , this being for a pressing time of less than 20s, preferably more than 8s, particularly preferably between 10 and 14s, even more preferably 12s.
  • Fig.ll shows an embodiment of the fiber molding system 100 according to the invention for the production of molded parts 10 from environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11 comprising a reservoir 6 for providing a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11 as part of the preforming station 30.
  • a movement unit 4 dips a suction tool 2 attached to it with a suction head 21 with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s, the shape of which is adapted to a contour of the later molded part 10, into the pulp 1.
  • the pulp is provided by a pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 and is continuously renewed and replenished during operation.
  • the movement unit 4 is designed here as a robot with a robot arm 4a that can move freely in space.
  • a robot 4 can carry out precise and reproducible movements in a confined space and is therefore particularly suitable for guiding the suction tool 2 between the pulp reservoir 6 and the prepressing station 3 of the preforming station 30.
  • the suction tool 2 is connected to the Robot arm 4a connected. Such an interface 4s allows the suction tool 2 to be changed quickly if necessary.
  • the suction tool 2 is designed to shape the molded part 10 by sucking the environmentally compatible, degradable fiber material 11 onto the suction head suction side 21s by means of suction pressure SD (negative pressure) in the suction tool 2.
  • the pre-pressing station 3 is provided for pre-pressing the molded-on molded part 10 with a pre-pressing pressure VD to reduce a proportion of the liquid solution in the molded part 10 and to stabilize its shape.
  • the fiber molding system 100 comprises a control unit 50, which is connected to the other components 20, 30, 35, 40, 60, 70, 80, 90 of the fiber molding system 100 in a suitable manner to control these components, including a cutting unit 80 and / or a stacking unit 90 and / or a conveyor belt 95.
  • the fiber molding system 100 can additionally include a coating unit 60 for applying one or more functional layers to the molded part 10.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method 200 according to the invention for producing molded parts 10 from environmentally compatible degradable fiber material 11 by means of a fiber molding process in a fiber molding system according to the invention, comprising the following steps of molding 210 the molded part in a molding station according to the invention 20 from a reservoir 6 with a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally friendly degradable fiber material 11; of the preform 220 of the molded part 10 in a preform station 30 according to the invention; the final shaping 230 of the preformed molded part 10 in a hot-pressing station 40 according to the invention; and the discharge 240 of the end-formed molded part 10 from the fiber molding system 100 according to the invention.
  • Hot press side of the hot press lower tool e.g. the outside
  • Hot press side of the hot press upper tool e.g. the inside
  • heating cartridges 44 thermally insulating sheath or material

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une station de mise en forme (20) destinée au moulage (210), une station de prémoulage (30) destinée au prémoulage (220), une station de compression à chaud (40) destinée à la finition (230) d'un article moulé (10) en matière fibreuse (11) biodégradable selon un procédé de mise en forme de matière fibreuse dans une installation de mise en forme de matière fibreuse (100), ainsi qu'une telle installation de mise en forme de matière fibreuse (100) destinée à la fabrication de l'article moulé (10) doté de composants (20, 30, 40) protubérants par le procédé (200) exécuté dans l'installation de mise en forme de matière fibreuse (100) en tant que procédé de mise en forme de matière fibreuse.
EP20803082.5A 2019-10-14 2020-10-01 Installation de mise en forme de fibres destinée à la fabrication d'articles moulés en matière fibreuse biodégradable Active EP4045713B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019127562.8A DE102019127562A1 (de) 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 Faserformanlage zur herstellung von formteilen aus umweltverträglich abbaubarem fasermaterial
PCT/DE2020/000230 WO2021073674A2 (fr) 2019-10-14 2020-10-01 Installation de mise en forme de fibres destinée à la fabrication d'articles moulés en matière fibreuse biodégradable

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EP4045713A2 true EP4045713A2 (fr) 2022-08-24
EP4045713B1 EP4045713B1 (fr) 2023-06-21

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EP (1) EP4045713B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114585781A (fr)
DE (1) DE102019127562A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021073674A2 (fr)

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DE202023105782U1 (de) 2023-10-06 2023-10-30 Kiefel Gmbh Formkörper für ein Vorpresswerkzeug und Vorpresswerkzeug
DE202023105781U1 (de) 2023-10-06 2023-10-30 Kiefel Gmbh Formkörper für ein Vorpresswerkzeug und Vorpresswerkzeug
DE202023105783U1 (de) 2023-10-06 2023-10-30 Kiefel Gmbh Formkörper für ein Vorpresswerkzeug und Vorpresswerkzeug
DE102021114688B4 (de) 2021-06-08 2023-01-05 Kiefel Gmbh Pulpe-aufbereitungs- und nachlieferungsanlage sowie ein verfahren zum aufbau derselben
WO2023064797A1 (fr) * 2021-10-12 2023-04-20 Zume, Inc. Impression 3d multiaxes de moules poreux pour fabrication de pièce fibreuse moulée
DE102022108122A1 (de) 2022-04-05 2023-10-05 Kiefel Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung einer heisspresseinrichtung, werkzeugkomponente für eine heisspresseinrichtung und heisspresseinrichtung
DE102022108094A1 (de) 2022-04-05 2023-10-05 Kiefel Gmbh Heisspress-werkzeughälfte, heisspresseinrichtung mit einem heisspresswerkzeug und verfahren zum heisspressen von vorformlingen aus einem faserhaltigen material
DE102022111908A1 (de) 2022-05-12 2023-11-16 Kiefel Gmbh Formeinrichtung zum formen von erzeugnissen aus faserhaltigem material, faserformanlage, verfahren zum formen von erzeugnissen aus faserhaltigem material und erzeugnis aus faserhaltigem material
DE102022120414A1 (de) 2022-08-12 2024-02-15 Kiefel Gmbh Faserverarbeitungseinrichtung mit einer ausrichtungseinheit zur verlagerung und positionierung von fasern und verfahren zum betreiben einer faserverarbeitungseinrichtung
DE102022124331A1 (de) 2022-09-22 2024-03-28 Kiefel Gmbh Wiegesystem, Herstellungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Herstellungsvorrichtung für Werkstücke
DE102022124328A1 (de) 2022-09-22 2024-03-28 Kiefel Gmbh Verfahren und Herstellungsanlage zur Herstellung von Werkstücken aus Fasermaterial
DE102022124327A1 (de) 2022-09-22 2024-03-28 Kiefel Gmbh Reinigungssystem und Reinigungsverfahren, sowie Herstellungsvorrichtung für Werkstücke
DE102022124938A1 (de) 2022-09-28 2024-03-28 Kiefel Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung einer temperaturverteilung in einem formwerkzeug für dreidimensionale formteile und formwerkzeug
DE102022134094A1 (de) 2022-12-20 2024-06-20 Krones Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Herstellung von mehreren Fasern umfassenden Behältern

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CN114585781A (zh) 2022-06-03
EP4045713B1 (fr) 2023-06-21
US20230243107A1 (en) 2023-08-03
WO2021073674A3 (fr) 2021-06-10
DE102019127562A1 (de) 2021-04-15
WO2021073674A2 (fr) 2021-04-22

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