EP4045565A1 - Copolyamide hydrodispersible - Google Patents
Copolyamide hydrodispersibleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4045565A1 EP4045565A1 EP20803628.5A EP20803628A EP4045565A1 EP 4045565 A1 EP4045565 A1 EP 4045565A1 EP 20803628 A EP20803628 A EP 20803628A EP 4045565 A1 EP4045565 A1 EP 4045565A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- copolyamide
- acid
- water
- dispersible
- aliphatic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/42—Polyamides containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
Definitions
- the present patent application relates to a water-dispersible copolyamide, its manufacturing process and a composition comprising said copolyamide which is useful as a support material in 3D printing.
- a three-dimensional object is made by adding material rather than by subtraction as in conventional shaping processes.
- FDM fused deposition modeling
- support structures can be constructed by the same technology.
- the material used called support material or sacrificial material, must meet a number of requirements, in particular have good mechanical properties at the melting temperature of the material used to manufacture the article, and therefore have a temperature of glass transition which is higher than the melting temperature of the material used to make the article.
- the backing material is to adhere to the material used in the manufacture of the article during construction, it must be easily removable from the article after construction is complete.
- support materials which are water dispersible and which can be removed by simply passing through water.
- patent application EP 0696607 A1 describes copolyamide sulfonates based on caprolactam as film-forming agents useful for the preparation of hair fixatives.
- French application FR 2,172,973 describes such sulfonated copolyamides to improve the ability of polyamide fibers to be dyed.
- these copolyamides due to the incomplete polymerization of caprolactam, these copolyamides have a high content of residual monomer, cyclic dimer and higher cyclic oligomers. Due to the toxicity of these compounds, it is desired to limit the use of these copolyamides.
- copolyamide which is water-dispersible, has a glass transition temperature of less than 200 ° C, in particular less than 150 ° C, mechanical properties sufficient to serve as a support material and which does not produce effluents laden with toxic residues.
- the subject of the invention is a water-dispersible copolyamide comprising at least four distinct polyamide units, in which: at least one of said polyamide units comprises at least one sulfonate group, said polyamide sulfonate unit being present in a content of at least 15% by weight; and at least two of said polyamide units are derived from aliphatic monomers, it being understood that said copolyamide does not contain more than 20% by weight of unit derived from caprolactam.
- the water-dispersible copolyamide comprises at least five distinct polyamide units.
- the water-dispersible copolyamide is of formula (I):
- A is a unit obtained from at least one lactam or aminocarboxylic acid comprising at least 6 carbon atoms;
- - XiYi is a unit obtained from an aliphatic, heterocyclic cycloaliphatic or arylaliphatic diamine Xi and an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid Yi;
- - X2Y2 is a unit obtained from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or arylaliphatic diamine X2 and from an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid Y2;
- - X 3 Y 3 is a unit obtained from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or arylaliphatic diamine X 3 and an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid Y 3;
- - X 4 Z is a unit obtained from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or arylaliphatic X 4 diamine comprising 4 to 12 carbon atoms and a sulphonate compound Z chosen from aromatic dicarboxylic sulphonates, aliphatic sulphonates or their esters, comprising 4 to 18 carbon atoms and bearing at least one group of formula SO3 where X can be hydrogen, a quaternary ammonium group or a monovalent metal.
- the copolyamide does not contain more than 10% by weight of residues of cycloaliphatic diamine.
- the copolyamide is of formula (I), in which A is a lactam or an aminocarboxylic acid comprising 10 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively, in particular chosen from 11-aminoundecanoic acid and lauryllactam.
- the copolyamide is of formula (I), in which Xi , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are identical or different, and chosen from 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine and 1,10-decanediamine.
- the copolyamide is of formula (I), in which Yi and Y2 are identical or different, and chosen from adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid.
- the copolyamide is of formula (I), in which Y 3 is isophthalic acid.
- the sulfonate compound is chosen from the sodium, lithium or potassium salt of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, and the sodium, lithium or potassium salt of the methyl diester of acid 5. -sulfoisophthalic.
- the water-dispersible copolyamide comprises 0 to 30% by weight of unit A, 0 to 30% by weight of unit X1Y1, 0 to 30% by weight of unit X2Y2, 0 to 30% by weight of unit XsYset 10 at 50% by weight of X 4 Z unit, it being understood that said copolyamide comprises at least four distinct polyamide units.
- the water-dispersible copolyamide comprises at least 40% by weight of aromatic units. According to one embodiment, the water-dispersible copolyamide has a glass transition temperature of between 100 and 140 ° C, preferably between 110 and 130 ° C.
- the water-dispersible copolyamide has an inherent viscosity greater than 0.4 dl / g, preferably greater than 0.5 dl / g and very particularly greater than 0.6 dl / g.
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing said water-dispersible copolyamide, comprising the steps of: a. provision of monomers, selected respectively from a lactam, an aminocarboxylic acid, and a diamine and a diacid, in appropriate number and proportions; b. polycondensation of the monomers, where appropriate, in the presence of one or more catalysts and / or chain limiters under suitable conditions to obtain said copolyamide; and where appropriate, granulation of said copolyamide.
- the invention relates to a composition comprising said water-dispersible copolyamide, in particular in the form of a filament.
- copolymer is understood to denote a polymer resulting from the copolymerization of at least two types of chemically different monomer, called comonomers.
- a copolymer is therefore formed from at least two repeating units. It can also be formed from three or more repeat patterns. It may be any one of the types of copolymers listed, in particular a random copolymer or a block copolymer. But preferably, it is a random copolymer.
- polyamide (homopolyamide or copolyamide) is intended to denote the condensation products of lactams, amino acids and / or diacids with diamines and, as a general rule, any polymer essentially formed by units or monomers linked together. them by amide groups. Polymers furthermore comprising units or monomers linked together by other groups, for example by ester, urethane or urea groups are however also targeted, when these units are in the minority.
- polyamide monomer or units should in the context of this presentation be taken in the sense of “repeating unit”, since the case where a repeating unit of the polyamide consists of the association of a diacid with a diamine is particular. . It is considered that it is the association of a diamine and a diacid, that is to say the diamine couple. diacid (in an equimolar amount), which corresponds to the monomer. Indeed, individually, the diacid or the diamine is only a structural unit, which does not not sufficient on its own to polymerize.
- the polyamide units can in particular be aliphatic, aromatic and / or semi-aromatic.
- sulfonate compound is understood to denote a compound capable of reacting by polycondensation comprising an —SO 3 X group where X may be a hydrogen, a quaternary ammonium group or a monovalent metal.
- X may be a hydrogen, a quaternary ammonium group or a monovalent metal.
- the sulfonate group is carried by a dicarboxylic acid.
- copolyamide (abbreviated CoPA) is meant the polymerization products of at least two, and, in the context of this invention, four, or even five or more, in particular six, seven or eight different monomers.
- water-dispersible is understood to mean a material which disintegrates in an aqueous solution free from agents promoting its disintegration or dissolution, such as bases (sodium hydroxide) or acids. In other words, it is the water that disintegrates or dissolves the material.
- the water then has a neutral pH, that is to say a pH of between 5 and 9 approximately.
- the material is water-dispersible not only in demineralized water, but also in water loaded with various mineral salts, such as tap water. During disintegration, the material may break into smaller pieces and / or polymer particles; some of the material may also dissolve.
- inherent viscosity is understood to denote the viscosity as measured according to standard ISO 307: 2007 modified in that the solvent is m-cresol rather than sulfuric acid, in that the concentration is 0.5% in weight and in that the temperature is 20 ° C.
- the inherent viscosity makes it possible to evaluate the molar mass of the polymer.
- filament is understood to denote a yarn of variable thickness, generally between 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm and preferably between 50 ⁇ m to 5 mm made of fusible material optionally reinforced by fillers, suitable for use in a machine. 3D printing, especially in FDM technology.
- melting temperature is understood to denote the temperature at which an at least partially crystalline polymer passes into the viscous liquid state, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to standard NF EN ISO 11357-3 using a heating rate of 20 ° C / min.
- glass transition temperature is understood to denote the temperature at which an at least partially amorphous polymer changes from a rubbery state to a glassy state, or vice versa, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to the standard.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- NF EN ISO 11357-2 using a heating rate of 20 ° C / min.
- the nomenclature used to define polyamides is described in standard ISO 1874-1: 2011 "Plastics - Polyamide materials (PA) for molding and extrusion - Part 1: Designation", in particular on page 3 (tables 1 and 2) and is indeed known to those skilled in the art.
- aromatic unit is intended to denote a polyamide unit which results from the polycondensation of a non-aromatic diamine with an aromatic diacid, of a diamine comprising an aromatic unit with a non-aromatic diacid or else of a diamine comprising a unit aromatic and an aromatic diacid.
- the invention provides a water-dispersible copolyamide which is particularly useful as a support material in 3D printing.
- the material preferably has the following properties in combination:
- the Applicant has found that the addition to these terpolyamides of an additional polyamide unit, chosen so that at least two of the polyamide units of the resulting copolyamide are aliphatic, makes it possible to prepare copolyamides meeting the requirements, namely a high glass transition temperature in association with excellent water dispersibility in tap water at 70 ° C, even after conditioning for 15 days.
- copolyamides comprising at least four, and preferably five distinct polyamide units, in which:
- At least one of said polyamide units comprises at least one sulfonate group
- At least two of said polyamide units are derived from aliphatic monomers, it being understood that said copolyamide comprises at least 15% by weight of sulfonate monomer, and does not contain more than 20%, preferably not more than 15%, still preferred not more of 10%, and in particular not more than 5% by weight of unit derived from caprolactam.
- the copolyamide is of formula (I):
- - A is a unit obtained from at least one lactam or aminocarboxylic acid comprising at least 6 carbon atoms;
- - X1Y1 is a unit obtained from an aliphatic, heterocyclic cycloaliphatic or arylaliphatic diamine Xi and an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid Yi;
- - X2Y2 is a unit obtained from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or arylaliphatic diamine X2 and from an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid Y2;
- - X 3 Y 3 is a unit obtained from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or arylaliphatic diamine X 3 and an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid Y 3;
- - X 4 Z is a unit obtained from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or arylaliphatic X 4 diamine comprising 4 to 12 carbon atoms and a sulphonate compound Z chosen from aromatic dicarboxylic sulphonates, aliphatic sulphonates or their esters, comprising 4 to 18 carbon atoms and bearing at least one group of formula SO3 where X can be hydrogen, a quaternary ammonium group or a monovalent metal.
- At least two of the polyamide units of the copolyamide are aliphatic.
- Z is derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid
- the X 4 Y unit is not aliphatic.
- at least two of the polyamide units A, X 1 Y 1, X 2 Y 2 and X 3 Y 3 of the copolymer of formula (I) will then be aliphatic.
- said lactam can be chosen from caprolactam, enantholactam, caprylolactam, pelargolactam, decanolactam, undecanolactam, and lauryllactam, in particular lauryllactam.
- the unit A is obtained from the polycondensation of an amino acid
- it can be chosen in particular from 9-aminononanoic acid, 10-aminodecanoic acid, 10-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid and 11-aminoundecanoic acid and its derivatives, in particular N-heptyl-11-aminoundecanoic acid, in particular 11-aminoundecanoic acid.
- caprolactam it is preferred to avoid the use of caprolactam because it polymerizes incompletely and is toxic.
- the unit A is derived from at least one lactam or aminocarboxylic acid comprising at least 7, preferably at least 8, in particular at least 9, very particularly at least 10, and in particular 11, and preferably at least 12 atoms. of carbon.
- A is obtained from a lactam or from an aminocarboxylic acid comprising 10 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred among these monomers are aminoundecanoic acid and lactam 12.
- the unit A is an aliphatic unit.
- the diamine from which the group Xi, X2, X3 and X 4 is derived, respectively, can be an identical or different aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or arylaliphatic diamine.
- the diamine comprises, independently of one another, respectively 2 to 18, preferably 4 to 12 and very particularly 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the diamine is chosen from linear aliphatic diamines, in particular from 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentamethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine 1, 7-heptamethylenediamine, 1,8-octamethylenediamine, 1,9-nonamethylenediamine, 1,10-decamethylenediamine, 1,11-undecamethylenediamine, 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine, 1,13-tridecamethylenediamine, 1,14- tetradecamethylenediamine, 1,16-hexadecamethylenediamine and 1,18-octadecamethylenediamine.
- linear aliphatic diamines in particular from 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentamethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine 1, 7-heptamethylenediamine, 1,8-o
- the diamine Xi , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 is chosen from 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,7-heptanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,9 -nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11- undecanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine.
- the diamine Ci , C 2 , X 3 and X 4 can be chosen from 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,9-nonamethylenediamine and 1,10-decamethylenediamine.
- the diamine can also be chosen from branched aliphatic diamines, for example from -2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine and 2-methyl-1,5-pentamethylenediamine.
- the diamine can also be chosen from cycloaliphatic diamines, in particular from isophoronediamine (IPD), bis (3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl) methane (MACM), and 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4- aminocyclohexyl) -propane (MACP), and p-bis (aminocyclohexyl) -methane (PACM), and 2,6-bis- (aminomethyl) -norbornane (BAMN), and 1,3 bis- (aminomethyl) cyclohexane ( 1,3-BAC) and 1,4 bis- (aminomethyl) cyclohexane (1,4-BAC).
- IPD isophoronediamine
- MAM bis (3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl) methane
- PAMN 2,6-bis- (aminomethyl) -norbornane
- 1,3-BAC 1,3 bis- (aminomethyl) cyclohex
- At least certain diamines Xi, X2, X 3 or X 4 can be arylaliphatic diamines, and be chosen from metaxylylenediamine (MXD), and paraxylylenediamine (PXD).
- At least certain diamines Xi, X 2 , X 3 or X 4 can be heterocyclic diamines, and be chosen from piperazine (Pip) and N-aminoethylpiperazine (AEP).
- the dicarboxylic acid from which the Yi group is derived can in particular be an aliphatic dicacid comprising 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12 and very particularly 8 to 10 carbon atoms. It is preferably a linear dicarboxylic acid.
- adipic acid is chosen from adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid. , hexadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid.
- Yi is chosen from adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acid from which the groups Y 2 and Y 3 are derived is an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid which may be identical or different.
- the diacid Y 2 and Y 3 comprises, independently of one another, respectively 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12 and very particularly 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- it can be chosen from the list mentioned above for the dicarboxylic acid Yi.
- it can be chosen from adipic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid.
- it is an aromatic acid it can be chosen in particular from terephthalic acid, 2,6 naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and isophthalic acid, isophthalic acid being preferred.
- Yi and Y 2 are chosen from adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanoic acid.
- Y3 is isophthalic acid.
- the polyamide unit X 1 Y 1 is preferably chosen from PA 26, PA 29, PA 210, PA 212, PA 66, PA 69, PA 610, PA 612, PA 96, PA 99, PA 910, PA 912, PA 106, PA 109, PA 1010, PA 1012, PA 21, PA 61, PA 91 and PA 101.
- the polyamide unit X 2 Y 2 is preferably chosen from PA 26, PA 29, PA 210, PA 212, PA 66, PA 69, PA 610, PA 612, PA 96, PA 99, PA 910, PA 912, PA 106, PA 109, PA 1010, PA 1012, PA 21, PA 61, PA 91 and PA 101.
- the polyamide unit X 3 Y 3 is preferably chosen from PA 26, PA 29, PA 210, PA 212, PA 66, PA 69, PA 610, PA 612, PA 96, PA99, PA 910, PA 912, PA 106 , PA 109, PA 1010, PA 1012, PA 21, PA 61, PA 91 and PA 101, PA 2T, PA 6T, PA 9T and PA 10T.
- the sulfonate monomer is preferably derived from a dicarboxylic acid or from one of its esters bearing at least one sulfonate acid group and from a diamine.
- the sulphonate of the acid or the dicarboxylic ester is used in the form of an alkali metal sulphonate (of sodium, lithium or potassium in particular), of an alkaline earth metal or of quaternary ammonium.
- the sulfonate of the dicarboxylic acid or ester also has two acid or ester functions fixed on one or more aromatic rings, when it is aromatic dicarboxylic acids, or on the aliphatic chain, when it is aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
- sulfonates of aromatic dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides such as sulfoisophthalic, sulfoterephthalic, sulfo-orthophthalic acids or anhydrides, 4-sulfo-2,7-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides, as well as as sulfonates of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides such as diacids or sulfo-succinic anhydrides or their lower diesters (methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl).
- the preferred sulfonate compounds are the sodium, lithium or potassium salts of sulfo-isophthalic and sulfo-succinic acids or anhydrides and their methyl diester.
- the sulfonate compound is the lithium salt of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (abbreviated LiSIPA), the sodium salt of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (abbreviated SSIPA in the following), the potassium salt of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (abbreviated KSIPA) or their methyl diester (abbreviated LiSIPMe, SSIPMe, and KSIPMe, respectively).
- the X 4 Z motif is preferably chosen from 2SSIPA, 6SSIPA, 9SSIPA, 10SSIPA, 2LÎSIPA, 6LÎSIPA, 9LÎSIPA, 10LÎSIPA, 2 KSI PA, 6 KSI PA, 9 KSI PA, 10KSIPA, 2SSIPMe, 6SSIPMe, 9SSIPMe,
- Particularly preferred are 2SSIPA, 6SSIPA, 6LISIPA and 6SSIPMe.
- the water-dispersible copolyamide according to the invention may comprise, in addition to the monomers indicated in formula (I), other additional monomers.
- it may contain one, two or more additional X n Y n monomers as defined above.
- the copolyamide can contain other non-polyamide monomers.
- the copolyamide according to the invention can comprise two, three, four or five aliphatic polyamide units. Preferably, it comprises two or three aliphatic polyamide units.
- the weight ratio between the different polyamide units in the copolyamide can vary widely.
- the copolyamide has a content by mass of aromatic units greater than 40%, preferably greater than 45% and very particularly greater than 50% by weight.
- the content by weight of sulfonate monomer in the copolyamide is at least 20%, preferably at least 25%, advantageously at least 30%, in particular at least 35% by weight. relative to the weight of all the monomers.
- the content by mass of sulfonate monomer in the copolyamide is from 15 to 70%, in particular 20 to 60%, in particular 20 to 50%, preferably from 25 to 40%, more preferably from 25 to 35%, relative to the weight of all the monomers.
- the copolyamide preferably has a low mass proportion, preferably not more than 10%, not more than 9%, not more than 8%, not more than 7%, not more than 6%, not more than 5%. , no more than 4%, no more than 3%, no more than 2%, no more than 1%, or no polyamide units derived from cycloaliphatic diamines.
- the copolyamide comprises from 0 to 30%, in particular from 5 to 25 and very particularly from 10 to 20% by weight of unit A, from 0 to 30%, in particular from 5 to 25 and very particularly from 10 to 20% by weight of unit XiYi, 0 to 30%, in particular from 5 to 25 and very particularly from 10 to 20% by weight of unit X2Y2, 0 to 30%, in particular from 5 to 25 and very particularly from 10 to 20% by weight of X3Y3 unit and 15 to 70%, in particular 20 to 50%, in particular from 25 to 45 and very particularly from 25 to 35% by weight of X 4 Z unit, it being understood that said copolyamide comprises at least four distinct polyamide units.
- copolyamide has amino and carboxylic acid groups at the end of the chain in substantially equivalent amounts.
- the length and the functionality at the end of the chain of the copolyamide according to the invention is modified by adding at least one suitable monofunctional or difunctional chain limiter.
- Such a suitable chain limiter may in particular be a linear C2-C18 aliphatic mono-carboxylic acid and / or a linear C4-C18 aliphatic monoamine. It can also be a linear C3-C36 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or a C4-C18 aliphatic linear diamine.
- the acid used as chain limiter can be chosen, for example, from acetic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid. .
- the copolyamide according to the invention is limited by a linear C2-C18 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and / or a linear C6-C12 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and particularly preferably by a linear C6-C12 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid being particularly preferred.
- the amine used as chain limiter can be chosen, for example, from laurylamine, hexanediamine and decanediamine.
- the copolyamide according to the invention is limited by a monoamine in
- the chain limiter (s) are generally added in a much smaller amount than the monomers. Generally, their content in the mixture of monomers is less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight, or even less than 0.2% by weight, relative to the weight of the mixture of monomers.
- the copolyamide according to the invention preferably has an inherent viscosity greater than 0.4 dl / g, preferably greater than 0.5 dl / g and very particularly greater than 0.6 dl / g.
- the copolyamide has a glass transition temperature of between 100 and 140 ° C, preferably between 110 and 130 ° C.
- a copolyamide exhibiting a higher transition temperature runs the risk of having a low molar weight due to the high viscosity of these copolyamides, and consequently of exhibiting unsatisfactory mechanical properties.
- the invention relates to a process for preparing the described copolyamide.
- the process for manufacturing a water-dispersible copolyamide comprises the steps of: a. provision of monomers, selected respectively from a lactam, an aminocarboxylic acid, and a diamine and a diacid, in appropriate number and proportions; b. polycondensation of the monomers, where appropriate, in the presence of one or more catalysts and / or chain limiters under suitable conditions to obtain said copolyamide; and c. where appropriate, granulation of said copolyamide.
- copolyamide described can be obtained by any one of the polycondensation processes known to those skilled in the art and described in particular in the Nylon Plastics Handbook, Ed. Melvin I. Kohan, Hanser Publishers 1995 pages 17 to 27.
- the polycondensation is carried out in a single step in the same reactor at a temperature of 200 to 300 ° C, in particular above the melting temperature of the copolyamide sulfonate, under a pressure which can rise up to at 30 bars and gradually reduced to a pressure equal to or less than atmospheric pressure in order to complete the polymerization.
- the reaction temperature in this polycondensation step is preferably higher than the melting temperature of the copolyamide so that agitation can be effective.
- the catalyst may in particular be an acid based on phosphorus, such as phosphoric acid and / or phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid and the sodium or potassium salts of these acids.
- the chain limiter (s) can be chosen in particular from those mentioned above.
- the reaction therefore intermediately produces oligomers which, by condensation between them, lead directly to the polyamide in the same reactor.
- the polymer can be withdrawn from the reactor at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.
- the polymerization can then be optionally completed by a step of extrusion at a temperature above the melting point, or by a step of heating at a temperature below the melting point of the polyamide according to a process called "polymerization with the". solid state ”.
- the polycondensation step is carried out in three steps and comprises the following steps:
- a first prepolymerization step in a first reactor by heating the comonomers to a temperature of 200 ° C to 300 ° C, in particular under a pressure of 20 to 30 bars, to obtain a prepolymer, the temperature being preferably above the melting point of the prepolymer;
- the polymer after completion of the polymerization in step c. can be withdrawn from the second reactor at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.
- the polymerization can be completed by a step of extrusion at a temperature above the melting point, or by a step of heating at a temperature below the melting point of the polyamide according to a process known as "solid state polymerization". ".
- the copolyamide sulfonate is then recovered by cooling without direct contact with water.
- composition comprising copolyamide
- the invention relates to a composition comprising the copolyamide as described above.
- a formulation can in particular result from the addition of additives and / or fillers customary in the formulation of polymers.
- the composition can comprise 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 8% and in particular 2 to 5% by weight of one or more from the usual additives, such as coloring agents, pigments, dyes, anti-agents. -UV, anti-aging agents, anti-oxidants, fluidizing agents, anti-abrasion agents, release agents, stabilizers, plasticizers, surfactants, brighteners, or waxes.
- the composition may, where appropriate, include fillers or reinforcements.
- copolyamide alone or formulated as described above can then be shaped appropriately for its use.
- the copolyamide when used in 3D printing, it can in particular be put in the form of a filament, for example by extrusion.
- the invention relates to the use of the copolyamide described in 3D printing, in particular as a support material.
- the copolyamide described has excellent water dispersibility in water, including tap water, and even after a prolonged storage period, as well as a glass transition temperature which allows it to have sufficient mechanical strength. at the processing temperature of polyamides, for example.
- the copolyamide can be dispersed in tap water.
- the copolyamide is preferably dispersed in hot water.
- the temperature of the water serving to disperse the copolyamide is 40 to 90 ° C, preferably 50 to 80 ° C and in particular 60 to 80 ° C.
- the temperature is gradually increased over 20 minutes to 245 ° C.
- the medium is then placed under a vacuum of 50 mbar.
- the progress of the polymerization is followed by means of a torque meter on the stirring axis. After 140 minutes under these conditions, the tubular reactor containing the polymer obtained is cooled in ambient air.
- copolyamide obtained of composition indicated in Table 2, is then ground in the form of granules of a few mm and then characterized by its glass transition temperature, its water-dispersibility, its melt viscosity index (MVI) and its inherent viscosity, evaluated respectively as follows.
- Glass transition temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to the standard according to standard NF EN ISO 11357-2 using a heating rate of 20 ° C / min.
- Water dispersibility evaluated by introducing 0.5 g of copolyamide into a suitable container fitted with a stirrer containing 150 g of tap water brought to a temperature of 70 ° C. The evaluation is carried out once immediately after synthesis and once after 15 days of conditioning (at 23 ° C., 50% RH). The water dispersibility is evaluated by visually examining the appearance of the dispersion obtained for 10 minutes in order to classify it in one of the categories set out in Table 1 below.
- Inherent viscosity evaluated in application of standard ISO 307: 2007 modified in that the solvent is m-cresol rather than sulfuric acid, in that the concentration is 0.5% by weight and in that the temperature is 20 ° C.
- the temperature is gradually increased over 20 minutes to 245 ° C.
- the medium is then placed under a vacuum of 50 mbar.
- the progress of the polymerization is followed by means of a torque meter on the stirring axis. After 41 minutes under these conditions, the tubular reactor containing the polymer obtained is cooled in ambient air.
- copolyamide obtained of composition indicated in Table 2, is then ground in the form of granules of a few mm and then characterized by its glass transition temperature, its water-dispersibility, its viscosity index in the molten state (MVI) and its viscosity. inherent as explained in Example 1.
- MVI viscosity index in the molten state
- the temperature is gradually increased over 20 minutes to 245 ° C.
- the medium is then placed under a vacuum of 50 mbar.
- the progress of the polymerization is followed by means of a torque meter on the stirring axis. After 30 minutes under these conditions, the tubular reactor containing the polymer obtained is cooled in ambient air.
- copolyamide obtained of composition indicated in Table 2, is then ground in the form of granules of a few mm and then characterized by its glass transition temperature, its water-dispersibility, its viscosity index in the molten state (MVI) and its viscosity. inherent as explained in Example 1.
- MVI viscosity index in the molten state
- the progress of the polymerization is followed by means of a torque meter on the stirring axis. After 120 minutes under these conditions, the tubular reactor containing the polymer obtained is put into cooling.
- the copolyamide obtained, of composition indicated in Table 2 is then ground in the form of granules of a few mm and then characterized by its glass transition temperature, its water-dispersibility, its viscosity index in the molten state (MVI) and its viscosity. inherent as explained in Example 1. The results are collated in Table 3 below.
- copolyamide obtained of composition indicated in Table 2, is then ground in the form of granules of a few mm and then characterized by its glass transition temperature, its water-dispersibility, its viscosity index in the molten state (MVI) and its viscosity. inherent as explained in Example 1.
- MVI viscosity index in the molten state
- the temperature is gradually increased over 20 minutes to 245 ° C.
- the medium is then placed under a vacuum of 50 mbar.
- the progress of the polymerization is followed by means of a torque meter on the stirring axis.
- the tubular reactor containing the tubular reactor containing the polymer obtained is cooled in ambient air.
- the copolyamide obtained is then ground in the form of granules of a few mm and then characterized by its glass transition temperature, its water-dispersibility, its viscosity index in the molten state (MVI) and its inherent viscosity, evaluated respectively as follows.
- copolyamide obtained of composition indicated in Table 2, is granulated and characterized by its glass transition temperature, its water-dispersibility, the viscosity index and its viscosity as explained in Example 1. The results are collated in Table 3. below.
- the progress of the polymerization is followed by means of a torque meter on the stirring axis. After 140 minutes under these conditions, the tubular reactor containing the polymer obtained is put into cooling.
- copolyamide obtained of composition indicated in Table 2, is then ground in the form of granules of a few mm and then characterized by its glass transition temperature, its water-dispersibility, its viscosity index in the molten state (MVI) and its viscosity. inherent as explained in Example 1.
- MVI viscosity index in the molten state
- copolyamides according to the invention comprising additional predominantly aliphatic polyamide units and a sufficient content of sulfonate monomer exhibit excellent water dispersibility in tap water at 70 ° C., even after conditioning for 15 days (examples 1 to 3).
- These copolyamides also have a glass transition temperature and a suitable melt viscosity, so they are excellent candidates for support materials for 3D printing.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1911710A FR3102179B1 (fr) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | Copolyamide hydrodispersible |
| PCT/FR2020/051853 WO2021074543A1 (fr) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-16 | Copolyamide hydrodispersible |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4045565A1 true EP4045565A1 (fr) | 2022-08-24 |
Family
ID=69158118
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20803628.5A Pending EP4045565A1 (fr) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-16 | Copolyamide hydrodispersible |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250320334A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4045565A1 (fr) |
| JP (2) | JP2022552519A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20220084377A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN114729120A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3102179B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021074543A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023105313A1 (fr) | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polyamides ionomères, amorces, articles et leurs procédés de fabrication |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA957447A (en) | 1972-02-21 | 1974-11-05 | Union Carbide Canada Limited | Modified polyamides with enhanced basic dyeability |
| JPS5232672B2 (fr) * | 1973-06-21 | 1977-08-23 | ||
| JPS5092996A (fr) * | 1973-12-22 | 1975-07-24 | ||
| DE4428003A1 (de) | 1994-08-08 | 1996-02-15 | Basf Ag | Sulfonatgruppentragende Polyamide und deren Verwendung in Haarfestigungsmitteln |
| DE19605076A1 (de) * | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-14 | Basf Ag | Sulfonatgruppentragende Polyamide und deren Verwendung zur Behandlung von keratinhaltigen Strukturen |
| US5889138A (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1999-03-30 | Solutia Inc. | Process for making stain resistant nylon fibers from highly sulfonated nylon copolymers |
| FR2960545B1 (fr) | 2010-05-28 | 2014-11-28 | Rhodia Operations | Polyamide modifie sulfonate aux proprietes barrieres ameliorees |
| WO2014198755A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-18 | Basf Se | Procédé de production continue d'un oligomère de polyamide aliphatique ou partiellement aromatique |
| KR102064816B1 (ko) * | 2015-06-19 | 2020-01-10 | 스트래터시스,인코포레이티드 | 적층 제조에 사용되는 수계 분산형 중합체 |
| WO2018021243A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-01 | 花王株式会社 | Matériau fusible destiné à un moulage tridimensionnel |
| CN108148200A (zh) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-12 | 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 | 水溶性聚酰胺树脂及其制备方法 |
| EP3638714B1 (fr) * | 2017-06-14 | 2024-04-24 | Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, LLC | Copolyamides pouvant être obtenus à partir d'acide benzoïque 3-(aminométhyl) |
-
2019
- 2019-10-18 FR FR1911710A patent/FR3102179B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-10-16 WO PCT/FR2020/051853 patent/WO2021074543A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2020-10-16 CN CN202080079914.5A patent/CN114729120A/zh active Pending
- 2020-10-16 JP JP2022522017A patent/JP2022552519A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-10-16 EP EP20803628.5A patent/EP4045565A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-10-16 KR KR1020227016791A patent/KR20220084377A/ko active Pending
- 2020-10-16 US US17/769,611 patent/US20250320334A1/en active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-12-12 JP JP2025246993A patent/JP2026062700A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20220084377A (ko) | 2022-06-21 |
| CN114729120A (zh) | 2022-07-08 |
| US20250320334A1 (en) | 2025-10-16 |
| FR3102179A1 (fr) | 2021-04-23 |
| FR3102179B1 (fr) | 2022-04-22 |
| JP2026062700A (ja) | 2026-04-10 |
| JP2022552519A (ja) | 2022-12-16 |
| WO2021074543A1 (fr) | 2021-04-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0030903B1 (fr) | Compositions de polyamides polyphasées ayant des propriétés de résistance au choc améliorées et leurs procédés de préparation | |
| JP5368111B2 (ja) | 半結晶性半芳香族ポリアミド | |
| EP2125953B1 (fr) | Materiau composite a base de polyamide et de polyacide lactique, procede de fabrication et utilisation | |
| US9421400B2 (en) | Method for preparing a recyclable polyamide powder | |
| GB2170209A (en) | Copolyamides | |
| CN101426567A (zh) | 包含聚酰胺嵌段和至少部分源自聚三亚甲基醚二醇的聚醚嵌段的共聚物的新用途 | |
| JP2001019762A (ja) | グラフトコポリマー | |
| EP2448997B1 (fr) | Composition polyamide modifiee | |
| FR2606416A1 (fr) | Copolyamides transparents et leur utilisation pour le gainage de fibres optiques et pour la fabrication d'objets moules | |
| EP3941717A1 (fr) | Polyamides et copolyamides ignifuges pour impression 3d | |
| JP2026062700A (ja) | 水分散性コポリアミド | |
| JPH03140327A (ja) | アルコールおよび煮沸水に対し安定な成形材料 | |
| EP2448998B1 (fr) | Polyamide modifie, procede de preparation, article obtenu a partir de ce polyamide | |
| JP2017165935A (ja) | 透明ポリアミド組成物、成形体およびその製造方法 | |
| FR2471399A1 (fr) | Compositions de polyamides polyphasees ayant des proprietes de resistance au choc ameliorees et leurs procedes de preparation | |
| TWI793718B (zh) | 具有二聚酸和二聚胺的脂族和半芳族聚醯胺 | |
| EP2451861B1 (fr) | Composition polyamide | |
| JP3419065B2 (ja) | ポリアミド系組成物 | |
| JP3458399B2 (ja) | ポリアミド系組成物 | |
| FR3157395A1 (fr) | Polyamide et polyéther block amide auto-ignifugés | |
| WO2023118762A1 (fr) | Copolymere resistant aux lavages | |
| FR3157388A1 (fr) | Composé utile pour préparer un polyéther block amide auto-ignifugé | |
| WO2025196225A1 (fr) | Composition de polyamide de faible viscosité ignifugée et son utilisation pour la préparation de composite | |
| FR3157387A1 (fr) | Composé utile pour préparer un polyamide semi-aromatique auto-ignifugé | |
| FR2477562A1 (fr) | Compositions de polyamides polyphasees ayant des proprietes de resistance au choc ameliorees et leurs procedes de preparation. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20220414 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20240718 |
|
| RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ARKEMA FRANCE |