Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L15/00—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints
  • F16L15/001—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
  • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
  • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
  • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
  • E21B17/042—Threaded
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• TITLE THREADED GASKET WITH SEALING REACH REALIZED BY
• the invention relates to threaded tubular steel components and more particularly to a tubular threaded joint comprising a sealing surface produced by additive manufacturing, for drilling, operating hydrocarbon wells or for transporting oil and gas.
• component is understood here to mean any element or accessory used to drill or operate a well and comprising at least one connection or connector or even threaded end, and intended to be assembled by a thread to another component in order to constitute with this other component a tubular threaded joint.
• the component can be for example a tubular element of relatively great length (in particular about ten meters in length), for example a tube, or else a tubular sleeve of a few tens of centimeters in length, or else an accessory of these. tubular elements (suspension device or "hanger”, part for changing section or “cross-over”, safety valve, connector for drill rod or "tool joint", “sub”, and the like).
• Tubular joints have threaded ends. These threaded ends are complementary allowing the connection of two male (“Pin”) and female (“Box”) tubular elements together. There is therefore a male threaded end and a female threaded end.
• the so-called premium or semi-premium threaded ends generally have at least one abutment surface.
• a first stop may be formed by two surfaces of two threaded ends, oriented substantially radially, configured so as to be in contact with each other after screwing the threaded ends together or during stresses from compression. Stops generally have negative angles to the main axis of the connections. Intermediate stops are also known on joints comprising at least two stages of threading.
• the premium connections include sealing surfaces called sealing surfaces, at least one on the pin, and at least one corresponding on the box, intended to be brought into interfering contact when the pin and box connection are assembled together. 'other, so as to form a seal against liquids and / or gases.
• the sealing surfaces must maintain a seal preventing the passage of liquids and / or gases when the connections are assembled and when using the tubes having these connections assembled in an oil well column, that is, say that the sealing function must be maintained in the widest possible spectrum of use, including when the connection is subjected to internal pressure or to external pressure, to compressive stresses or tensile stresses, at temperature ambient or at high temperature, this spectrum corresponding to an operating range of the connection.
• Interfering sealing surfaces can cause seizing problems during screwing if their geometry is unsuitable. They can also pose a risk of leakage in service if the contact pressure and in particular the contact pressure integrated on the active width of the sealing surfaces is insufficient.
• the contact pressure integrated over the contact length must remain greater than a certain value expressed in N / mm; this integrated contact pressure is a function of a given geometry of the relative positioning of the elements at the end of screwing and of the stresses in service.
• frusto-conical is meant the shape of a truncated cone, that is to say the basal part of a solid cone or of a pyramid formed by cutting the top by a plane parallel to the base, and by toric the shape of a torus.
• the sealing surfaces are designed to work in the elastic range of the material which constitutes them so as to maintain the sealing quality under various successive stresses.
• the sealing surfaces must be assembled so as to create high contact pressures. It may happen, especially during assembly, when high performance is sought, that too high contact pressures are reached, with risks of plasticization, or even risks of seizing. Seizing is understood to mean cases where material is torn off: In the event of seizing, the sealing function is seriously compromised.
• Sealing surfaces in a connection are therefore the result of many design compromises.
• the paradigm of these compromises is based on the following axes: a high material thickness so as to be able to withstand the pressure, but a high thickness generates risks of galling due to too high a contact pressure.
• the object of the present invention is to resolve the problems of the state of the art cited, by producing a part added by additive manufacturing.
• the invention consists of a threaded tubular joint for drilling, operating hydrocarbon wells or transporting oil and gas comprising a male threaded tubular member and a female threaded tubular member, the female threaded tubular member comprising a female inner threaded portion and an unthreaded female portion, the male threaded tubular member comprising a male outer threaded portion and a male unthreaded portion, characterized in that at least one of the male or female tubular members comprises a body and a part added by additive manufacturing which includes at least a first sealing surface.
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part is produced by additive manufacturing by recharging, by electron beam melting, by laser melting on a bed of metal powder or "selective laser melting", by selective sintering by laser, by direct metal deposition or “Direct Energy Deposition”, by Binder Projection Deposition or Laser Projection Deposition, by arc-wire additive manufacturing deposition.
• the tubular threaded joint comprising a second sealing surface on the other of the male or female elements corresponding to the first sealing surface is characterized in that one or the other of the first or second sealing surface is frusto-conical and the other toric.
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part has a hardness lower than the hardness of the body over at least 0.6 mm in depth.
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part has a length L greater than or equal to a minimum length Lmin such that:
• R value of the radius of curvature of the toric sealing surface v value of the Poisson's ratio of the material of the toric sealing surface; D s value of the waterproofing diameter.
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part has a length L less than or equal to a maximum length Lmax such that:
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part has a length L greater than or equal to 4 mm.
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part has a thickness Ep greater than or equal to a minimum thickness Epmin such that: 160 xex intf x R x (l - u 2 )
• Epmin 5.031 x 7G X Ds 2
• R value of the radius of curvature of the toric sealing surface v value of the Poisson's ratio of the material of the toric sealing surface; D s value of the waterproofing diameter.
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part has a thickness Ep less than or equal to a maximum thickness Epmax such that:
• Epmax 1.5 x EpmmU
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part has a thickness Ep greater than or equal to 0.6 mm.
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part has a coefficient of friction greater than the coefficient of friction of the body.
• the threaded tubular joint is characterized in that the added part comprises a metal chosen from alloyed steels, highly alloyed, cupro-nickel alloy, titanium alloy, copper, cupronickel, glass ceramic.
• the tubular threaded joint is characterized in that the added part comprises a material of Young's modulus between 110 GPa and 210 GPa, preferably between 110 GPa and 160 GPa.
• the invention also comprises a process for producing the added part by additive manufacturing according to the following description:
• a method for obtaining a tubular threaded joint in that the added part is produced by a method selected from hardfacing methods, beam melting methods electrons, laser fusion processes on a metal powder bed or "selective laser melting", selective laser sintering processes, direct metal deposition or “Direct Energy Deposition” processes, Binder Projection Deposition processes or Laser Projection Deposition, arc-wire additive manufacturing deposition processes.
• tests have been carried out with materials such as titanium, Fero 55 and stellite alloys with a direct metal deposition process or by arc-wire additive manufacturing deposition.
• the added part can be produced with ceramic and glass-ceramic type materials by a process of laser melting on a bed of metal powder or “selective laser melting”.
• the added part can be made with materials of the cupro nickel alloy or microalloyed steel type, for example using an additive “Arc-wire” technique.
• an added part (9) can be produced by additive manufacturing both on the male tubular element (2) and on the female tubular element (3).
• FIG 1 describes schematically, in a longitudinal sectional view along an axis X of the tube, a tubular threaded joint according to a first embodiment in which the added part of the male tubular element is produced by additive manufacturing.
• FIG 2 describes schematically, in a longitudinal sectional view along an X axis of the tube, a tubular threaded joint according to a variation of the first embodiment in which the added part of the female tubular element is produced by additive manufacturing .
• FIG B describes the contact pressure curve of a connection according to the state of the art in comparison with the pressure curve corresponding to a sealing surface according to the invention.
• FIG 4 describes a graph representing the contact pressure curve as a function of the distance from the axis of symmetry according to the state of the art.
• FIG 5 describes a graph representing the contact pressure curve as a function of the distance from the axis of symmetry according to a variant of the invention.
• FIG 6 describes a graph representing the distribution of stresses as a function of depth according to the state of the art.
• FIG 7 describes a graph representing the distribution of stresses as a function of depth according to a connection comprising an added part produced by additive manufacturing.
• Figure 1 depicts a tubular threaded joint (1) with an added part (9) on a male tubular member (2).
• This added part (9) is produced by additive manufacturing and comprises a male sealing surface (10) establishing a metal-to-metal seal (15).
• This metal-to-metal seal (15) provides a seal in the assembled state of the seal and during use of the seal in a wide spectrum of stresses exerted on the seal, such as internal pressure, external pressure, compressive forces, pressure forces. traction.
• the tubular threaded joint (1) is shown in an axial or longitudinal view.
• the added part (9) is produced by additive manufacturing so that the hardness is lower than that of the non-added part, that is to say the male body (4) or female at least 0.6 mm deep.
• the added part (9) is produced by additive manufacturing so that the coefficient of friction is greater than that of the male or female body (4).
• the invention also makes it possible to significantly increase the coefficient of friction between the part added by additive manufacturing and the material of the body of the corresponding tubular element, in comparison with the coefficient of friction of the bodies of the male and female tubular element between them.
• An increase in the coefficient of friction is accompanied by an increase in the value of the screwing torque applicable when connecting two threaded tubular elements.
• the hardness depends in particular on the type of material used, but the materials can be selected in such a way that the hardness is lower in the added part (9) compared to the male or female body (4).
• the added part (9) comprises a metal chosen from alloy steels, highly alloyed, cupro-nickel alloys, titanium alloys, ceramics, glass-ceramics, or copper, cupronickel, stellite, fero 55.
• additive manufacturing makes it possible to obtain a tubular element in the form of a two-component, (or even more components) with for example on one side a type of component or material for the body and on the other side one or more other different components for the added part.
• a tubular element in the form of a two-component, (or even more components) with for example on one side a type of component or material for the body and on the other side one or more other different components for the added part.
• tubular elements of the state of the art which are designed as a single component over the entire element.
• the invention makes it possible to reduce costly machining operations.
• the invention makes it possible to increase and improve the geometric complexity of the element obtained through a layer-by-layer construction method.
• the length L is greater than or equal to a minimum length Lmin of the part added (9) by additive manufacturing and comprising the sealing surface.
• the length L extends along the X axis of the tube.
• This equation is applicable to a toric or torque-cone type sealing surface, that is to say having a radius of curvature R and the cone being either on the male tubular element (2) or on the element. female tubular (3). Respectively, the torus being either on the female tubular element (3) or on the male tubular element (2).
• This minimum length also depends on the sealing diameter Ds, the interference intf, the thickness of the lip supporting the sealing surface e, the radius of the toric portion R as well as the Poisson's ratio of the material v .
• the multiplier coefficient 12.8 is applied. This coefficient takes into account the relative movement between the male element during traction / compression type stresses. Indeed, by way of example, under tension, the non-threaded female part (6) that is to say the length of the female tubular element between the thread and the stopper, lengthens and therefore the contact will shift. Thus the coefficient of 12.8 takes into account these variations in order to ensure that when applying traction / compression or any other form of pressure, the sealing surface of the part produced by additive manufacturing remains in good condition. contact on the corresponding surface. We add +2 as a safety margin.
• Lmin is such that:
• R value of the radius of curvature of the toric sealing surface v value of the Poisson's ratio of the material of the toric sealing surface; D s value of the waterproofing diameter.
• the added part (9) has a length L greater than or equal to 4mm.
• the part added (9) by additive manufacturing and comprising the sealing surface has a thickness Ep greater than or equal to a minimum thickness Epmin.
• This equation is applicable to a toric or torque-Cone type sealing surface, that is to say having a radius of curvature R.
• This minimum thickness (or height) Epmin depends on the sealing diameter Ds, the interference intf, the thickness of the lip supporting the sealing surface e, the radius of the toric portion R as well as the Poisson's ratio of the material v.
• the multiplier coefficient 5.031 is applied. This coefficient corresponds to the half-length of contact which multiplied by 0.7861 which makes it possible to calculate the depth for which the shear stress is maximum, that is to say (12.8 / 2) x 0.7861 “5.031. “0.7861” corresponds to the coefficient of the theory of Hz within the framework of a linear contact.
• Epmin is such that:
• Epmin 5.031 x px Ds 2
• R value of the radius of curvature of the toric sealing surface v value of the Poisson's ratio of the material of the toric sealing surface; D s value of the waterproofing diameter.
• the added part (9) has a thickness Ep greater than or equal to 0.6 mm.
• the maximum length Lmax could be set at 1.5 times the minimum length, which makes it possible to ensure the operation of the part added by additive manufacturing without having to carry out too large a portion in additive manufacturing, and to ensure the operation of the part added by additive manufacturing. thus avoid unnecessary additional costs.
• the maximum thickness Epmax of the part added by additive manufacturing can be set at 1.5 times the minimum thickness of the part added by additive manufacturing.
• Figure 2 depicts, according to another variation of the invention, a tubular threaded joint (1) with an added part (9) on a female tubular element (3).
• This added part (9) is carried out by additive manufacturing and includes a female sealing surface (11) establishing a metal-to-metal seal (15).
• the added part (9) is produced by additive manufacturing so that the hardness is lower than that of the non-added part, that is to say the male body (4) or female at least 0.6 mm deep.
• the added part (9) is produced by additive manufacturing so that the coefficient of friction is greater than that of the male or female body (4).
• the length L is greater than or equal to a minimum length Lmin of the part added (9) by additive manufacturing and comprising the sealing surface.
• This equation is applicable to a toric or torque-cone type sealing surface, that is to say having a radius of curvature R and the cone being either on the male tubular element (2) or on the element.
• female tubular (S). Respectively, the torus being either on the female tubular element (S) or on the male tubular element (2).
• This minimum length also depends on the sealing diameter Ds, the interference intf, the thickness of the lip supporting the sealing surface e, the radius of the toric portion R as well as the Poisson's ratio of the material v .
• the multiplier coefficient 12.8 is applied.
• This coefficient takes into account the relative movement between the male element during traction / compression type stresses. Indeed, by way of example, under tension, the non-threaded female part (6) that is to say the length of the female tubular element between the thread and the stopper, lengthens and therefore the contact will shift.
• the coefficient of 12.8 takes into account these variations in order to ensure that when applying traction / compression or any other form of pressure, the sealing surface of the part produced by additive manufacturing remains in good condition. contact on the corresponding surface. We add +2 as a safety margin.
• Lmin is such that:
• R value of the radius of curvature of the toric sealing surface v value of the Poisson's ratio of the material of the toric sealing surface; D s value of the waterproofing diameter.
• the added part (9) has a length L greater than or equal to 4mm.
• the part added (9) by additive manufacturing and comprising the sealing surface has a thickness Ep greater than or equal to a minimum thickness Epmin.
• This equation is applicable to a toric or torque-Cone type sealing surface, that is to say having a radius of curvature R.
• This minimum thickness (or height) Epmin depends on the sealing diameter Ds, the interference intf, the thickness of the lip supporting the sealing surface e, the radius of the toric portion R as well as the Poisson's ratio of material v.
• the multiplier coefficient 5.031 is applied. This coefficient corresponds to the half-length of contact which multiplied by 0.7861 which makes it possible to calculate the depth for which the shear stress is maximum, that is to say (12.8 / 2) x 0.7861 “5.031. “0.7861” corresponds to the coefficient of the theory of Hz within the framework of a linear contact. Epmin is such that:
• Epmin 5.031 x px Ds 2
• the added part (9) has a thickness Ep greater than or equal to 0.6 mm.
• the maximum length Lmax could be set at 1.5 times the minimum length, which makes it possible to ensure the operation of the part added by additive manufacturing without having to carry out too large a portion in additive manufacturing, and to ensure the operation of the part added by additive manufacturing. thus avoid unnecessary additional costs.
• the maximum thickness Epmax of the part added by additive manufacturing can be set at 1.5 times the minimum thickness of the part added by additive manufacturing.
• FIG. 3 represents a contact pressure curve of a connection according to the state of the art and another curve corresponding to a sealing surface according to the invention.
• the abscissa corresponds to the longitudinal position along a sealing surface.
• the ordinate corresponds to the contact pressure.
• Curve 21 corresponds to a representation of the contact pressure as a function of the longitudinal position along a sealing surface of a connection according to the state of the art.
• Curve 22 corresponds to a representation of the contact pressure as a function of the longitudinal position along a sealing surface of a connection according to the invention, that is to say a connection comprising a portion produced by additive manufacturing, this portion comprising the sealing surface, and the material being of lower hardness than the base material of the connection.
• the curve 21 showing the distribution of the contact pressure is generally a parabola, exhibiting a peak. This peak exceeds the threshold Pg corresponding to a pressure above which the risk of seizing is high.
• Curve 22 shows that the contact pressure of a connection according to the invention is distributed over a greater width, and decreases the level of the contact pressure distribution tip, so that the threshold Pg is not reached. .
• the surface of the curve 22 is larger than the surface of the curve 21. That is to say that the force of contact between the sealing surfaces is greater on a connection according to the invention than on a connection of the state of the art. With a connection according to the invention, it is therefore possible to increase the contact pressure between sealing surfaces while reducing the risk of the sealing surfaces seizing.
• FIG. 4 represents the contact pressure as a function of the distance from the axis of symmetry according to the state of the art between two sealing surfaces.
• the connection is made entirely of steel with a modulus of elasticity El with a value of 210,000 Mpa.
• the sealing surface is subjected to a contact force of 70,000 N, and the radius of curvature of the O-ring sealing surface is 100mm. There is no part added by additive manufacturing according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 represents the contact pressure as a function of the distance from the axis of symmetry according to the invention between two sealing surfaces.
• the sealing surface is subjected to a contact force of 70,000 N, and the radius of curvature of the O-ring sealing surface is 100mm.
• FIG. 6 represents the distribution of the stresses as a function of the depth according to the state of the art.
• the different constraints are represented according to the curves oy (z), sc (z), oz (z) and tcz (z). It can be seen that as z increases, that is to say the further one moves away from the surface and the deeper one goes, the more the stresses decrease.
• FIG. 7 represents the distribution of the stresses as a function of the depth according to a connection comprising an added part (9) produced by additive manufacturing.
• the different constraints are represented according to the curves oy (z), sc (z), oz (z) and tcz (z). It can be seen that as z increases, that is to say the further one moves away from the surface and the deeper one goes, the more the stresses decrease.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=69468733

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2019
  • 2019-10-08 FR FR1911148A patent/FR3101659B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-10-06 AU AU2020362925A patent/AU2020362925A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2020-10-06 MX MX2022004275A patent/MX2022004275A/es unknown
  • 2020-10-06 BR BR112022006042A patent/BR112022006042A2/pt unknown
  • 2020-10-06 CN CN202080070797.6A patent/CN114945730A/zh active Pending
  • 2020-10-06 WO PCT/EP2020/077921 patent/WO2021069402A1/fr active Search and Examination
  • 2020-10-06 US US17/767,337 patent/US20220381380A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-10-06 EP EP20786531.2A patent/EP4041982A1/fr active Pending
  • 2020-10-08 AR ARP200102787A patent/AR120177A1/es unknown

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