EP4041961A1 - Prefabricated compressible building block with voids, that can be integrated into gallery linings by traditional methods or by tunnel boring machine method - Google Patents
Prefabricated compressible building block with voids, that can be integrated into gallery linings by traditional methods or by tunnel boring machine methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP4041961A1 EP4041961A1 EP20793754.1A EP20793754A EP4041961A1 EP 4041961 A1 EP4041961 A1 EP 4041961A1 EP 20793754 A EP20793754 A EP 20793754A EP 4041961 A1 EP4041961 A1 EP 4041961A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- building block
- compressible
- channels
- block
- building
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
- E04B2/36—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
- E04B2/52—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the construction of underground works, and in particular the construction of tunnels, galleries or wells.
- the invention relates more particularly to a prefabricated compressible building block, as well as to a method for producing an underground structure of the tunnel, gallery, well or similar type using such blocks.
- the building block according to the invention is intended in particular, but not exclusively, for the integration between the rock and a prefabricated segment (tunneling with a tunnel boring machine) but also for lining a support just before the pouring of a gallery lining or well (digging by traditional method).
- the underground structures of the type tunnels, galleries, wells or the like are coated as they are dug.
- Two types of digging methods are currently used: the so-called traditional digging method and the tunnel boring method.
- a support is first put in place as the digging progresses.
- the poured coating is then placed.
- a lining is put in place by segment ring during advancement via the skirt of the tunnel boring machine.
- the coating is designed to absorb the forces resulting from the convergence of the rock at its upper surface.
- damping devices are provided within the underground structures.
- the depreciation device in question is in the form of a compressible monobloc segment obtained by making the first layer of "classic" reinforced concrete then an addition during manufacture and before setting of the concrete, of a second compressible layer integral with the first layer so to form a one-piece prefabricated building element.
- a first drawback lies in the manufacture of the segment and of its compressible layer.
- This compressible layer is produced following the pouring of the reinforced concrete part, itself followed by the production of a protective layer of the compressible layer.
- the manufacturing time of such a segment is considerably lengthened.
- the pouring of the compressible layer after the reinforced concrete part means that the complete segment cannot be handled until the compression layer has acquired mechanical resistance characteristics acceptable at young age, which allow on the one hand the installation of a protective layer and on the other hand the break of the segment at its extrados. This waiting period influences the planning of the construction of the segments.
- a second drawback is the storage of monobloc segments.
- the compressible layer being fragile, it happens that during transport, storage and possible overturning of the segment, the compressible concrete layer of the latter undergoes deterioration and spalling, even after adding a protective layer. Damage to the compressible layer can jeopardize the integrity of the segment and therefore requires complete replacement of the latter.
- the storage of monobloc segments can also be problematic due to the limitation of the stacking of segments caused by the influence of the weight of the segments on the compressible layers. This constraint implies a reduced stacking and consequently an increased storage surface.
- the invention aims to alleviate the problems of the one-piece prefabricated segment of the aforementioned application by providing a prefabricated building block in parallel and independent of the segment. This building block will be placed on the segment on the excavation site and during the tunneling.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a building block making it possible to produce a segment that dampens the convergence of the ground, simply, quickly and at low cost.
- the invention provides a prefabricated compressible building block exhibiting an elastoplastic behavior having an elastic threshold of between 1 and 2 MPa and a plastic plateau of the order of 40 to 75% of non-zero and maximum load deformation of 4 MPa, said block comprising channels having a first through end, the channels defining voids occupying 40 to 75% of the total volume of the building block.
- the type of material (and choice of its resistance), the arrangement of the "vacuum” channels (arrangement, size, shape) are defined to give the compression block satisfactory mechanical behavior and more particularly a minimum elastic threshold of the of the order of 1 MPa, a plastic plate / bearing of the order of 40 to 75% deformation; this plastic bearing must operate at non-zero loading in such a way as to always keep a confinement applied to the rock.
- the building block is made of a mineral material.
- the building block is made of a material chosen from the group of materials comprising concrete, terracotta or concrete mortar.
- the compressible building block does not have a metallic component and if it does, in an amount of metallic component not exceeding 4% of the total mass of the building block.
- the channels are distributed within said block to define beds of channels arranged in staggered rows.
- the arrangement of the channels is not, however, limited to this staggered arrangement of the channels. Any arrangement can in particular be provided, it being understood, however, that it will define an ordered geometric pattern which, depending on the nature and behavior of the material, will make it possible to target the desired characteristics. As a result, several configurations and types of these blocks will make it possible to target the same behavior.
- Each block will be made in a symmetrical manner with respect to the radius of the gallery intercepting its center, the idea being to achieve a homogeneous distribution of these elements, whether behind the voussoirs or the cast coverings.
- the channels have a second blind end. It may also be provided according to another configuration that the channels extend right through the compression block.
- the channels may have a section of circular or oval shape for the concrete or mortar solution (for manufacturing reasons).
- the building block may comprise a plurality of channels of the same section or of different section, the latter possibly being arranged to form rows of staggered channels, or any other ordered arrangement.
- a thickness of 1 to 2 cm of concrete, concrete mortar or continuous terracotta would have to be made on the upper and lower surfaces, the need being to stiffen the block as well as to have a good contact between elements.
- the inter-channel distance is at least 6 millimeters.
- Concrete, concrete mortar or clay blocks may be blind on one side. In the case of concrete, this has the advantage of guaranteeing the existence of voids in the channels following the injection of keying grout (tunneling) or concrete pouring (traditional method).
- the usual manufacturing method (such as extrusion) will allow a wide range of choice of voids to target.
- the compressible building block is jointable with similar building blocks, at the level of the longitudinal but also transverse edges.
- the building block is arranged to fit into a similar building block.
- Glue, filling mortar or bolts can consolidate the joints between blocks and between blocks and other elements.
- the invention also relates to a segment having an upper surface covered with a building block or a plurality of building blocks as described above.
- the invention also relates to a lining of a block layer between the support and the final lining of a gallery dug by the traditional method. More particularly, it relates to a method for producing an underground structure of the tunnel, gallery, well or similar type comprising operations of support and installation of a coating, characterized in that, prior to the installation of the coating, a compressible layer formed of one or more building block (s) as described above is fixed to the coating so as to provide the support / coating interface.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing an underground structure of the tunnel, gallery, well or similar type using segments arranged within the underground space, characterized in that, prior to the installation of segments within the underground space, compressible building blocks as described above are fixed to the upper surface of the segments.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a building block according to a first embodiment of the invention, said building block being made of concrete;
- Figure 2 shows respectively schematic sectional views of example channel arrangement of a concrete building block according to the invention
- Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a building block according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, said building block being made of terracotta.
- a compressible building block 1 which is, in the example illustrated, concrete.
- the building block 1 has an elastic threshold of the order of 1 to 2 MPa, followed by a plastic bearing for a non-zero applied stress not exceeding 4 MPa before the start of the stiffening phase.
- the building block I comprises longitudinal rectilinear channels 2, extending over the entire length of the building block and open on the transverse faces, the blocks can be blind on one side which will facilitate the sealing of the final layer.
- the channels 2 run parallel to each other. Channels 2 are configured in number and size to define voids occupying 40-75% of the building block volume.
- the building block 1 is advantageously devoid of any metallic component or at least, if it contains one, it will be an amount not exceeding 4% of the total mass of the building block.
- the building block 1 has channels 2 of circular section and of the same diameter.
- the channels are arranged parallel to each other. They are further distributed within the building block 1 over four rows a1 to a4, the rows being arranged to present a staggered arrangement of the channels.
- the channels in the same row are arranged equidistant from each other.
- the building block can of course have channels 2 having different shapes and / or arrangements. As such, Figure 2 gives other examples of channel arrangements in concrete building blocks.
- FIG. 2a shows for example a building block IA of the same dimension as that of FIG. 1, comprising channels 2 of smaller diameters than that of channels 2 of FIG. 1.
- the compression block IA has more rows of channels (in the example shown five rows) and 2 channels per row.
- the building block IB of FIG. 2b also of the same dimension as that of FIG. 1, comprises channels 2 of greater diameter than those of FIG. 1.
- the building block IB has fewer rows. and fewer channels per row.
- the channels 2 can also have a cross section of substantially oval diameter, as illustrated in FIG. 2c.
- each block of constructions 1, IA, IB, IC comprises within them channels having substantially similar diameters. It may of course be provided concrete building blocks comprising channels 2 of different sections. Figures 2d and 2e show building blocks 1D, 1E having channels 2 of different diameters. In these examples, the building blocks 1D, 1E comprise two series of channels 2 of different diameter. The two series of channels 2 are distributed in such a way that the building blocks have a central symmetry. It is of course obvious that the building block can comprise more than two types of channels 2 and an arrangement other than that illustrated in Figures 2d and 2e, with or without central symmetry.
- FIG. 3 shows a compressible building block 10 of which the mineral material is terracotta.
- the building block 10 incorporates all the characteristics of the concrete compression blocks described above.
- the building block comprises transverse rectilinear channels 2, extending right through the building block 10 and extending parallel to each other.
- the voids thus created within the building blocks represent 40 to 75% of the volume of the building block.
- the building block 10 differs from the concrete compression blocks previously described in the shape and arrangement of the channels 2.
- the building block 10 comprises three rows of channels 2 of rectangular section and of different dimensions.
- the walls of the building block 10 and the ribs delimiting the channels 2 have thicknesses of the same order.
- the building block 10 has three rows b1, b2, b3.
- the channels 2 of each row do not have a staggered arrangement of the channels 2 but, on the contrary, arranged aligned with one another to form columns of channels c1 to c6.
- Each row has two series of superimposed 2 channels.
- the compression blocks are arranged so that they can be butted together.
- the building blocks just described may, according to a particular application, be intended to be placed on the upper surface of a segment.
- the compression blocks have a bending corresponding to the curvature of the upper surface of the segment on which they will be placed.
- the channels formed within the building block will have an axis longitudinal having a radius of curvature corresponding to that of the bending.
- the manufacture of the compression blocks is dissociated from that of the segments on which they are intended to be affixed. Therefore these blocks can have curved sections.
- the building blocks form a single piece advantageously manufactured using a vibrating press when they are made of concrete or mortar or by extrusion when they are made of terracotta. Building blocks can also be made up of an assembly of “sub-blocks”. We then speak of multi-blocks.
- Tunnels, galleries, shafts or the like are made with building blocks as follows:
- Tunneling method as follows: after curing (concrete / mortar) or drying and firing (terracotta), the building blocks are placed on the upper surface of the segment (possibility via robotic workshop), before the latter are placed in the skirt of the tunnel boring machine.
- the compression blocks can be fastened to the segments by gluing said blocks to the segments concerned.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1911093A FR3101650B1 (en) | 2019-10-07 | 2019-10-07 | Prefabricated vacuum compressible building block, which can be integrated into tunnel linings by traditional methods or by tunnel boring method |
PCT/FR2020/051754 WO2021069830A1 (en) | 2019-10-07 | 2020-10-07 | Prefabricated compressible building block with voids, that can be integrated into gallery linings by traditional methods or by tunnel boring machine method |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4041961A1 true EP4041961A1 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
EP4041961C0 EP4041961C0 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
EP4041961B1 EP4041961B1 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
Family
ID=70613816
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20793754.1A Active EP4041961B1 (en) | 2019-10-07 | 2020-10-07 | Prefabricated compressible building block with voids, that can be integrated into gallery linings by traditional methods or by tunnel boring machine method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4041961B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3101650B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021069830A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4585371A (en) * | 1981-03-14 | 1986-04-29 | Dunlop Limited | Lining of tubular structures |
WO2006034675A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-06 | Kloeckner Reinhard | Compressible concrete and method for producing the same |
FR3021346B1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2016-07-29 | Constructions Mec Consultants | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A TUNNEL, TUNNEL COMPRISING SUCH A ELEMENT AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A ELEMENT AND SUCH A TUNNEL |
FR3034451B1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2017-05-05 | Constructions Mec Consultants | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A TUNNEL, TUNNEL COMPRISING SUCH A ELEMENT AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A ELEMENT AND SUCH A TUNNEL |
-
2019
- 2019-10-07 FR FR1911093A patent/FR3101650B1/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-10-07 EP EP20793754.1A patent/EP4041961B1/en active Active
- 2020-10-07 WO PCT/FR2020/051754 patent/WO2021069830A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3101650B1 (en) | 2021-10-01 |
EP4041961C0 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
EP4041961B1 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
WO2021069830A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
FR3101650A1 (en) | 2021-04-09 |
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