EP4033856A1 - Flächiges heizelement - Google Patents

Flächiges heizelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4033856A1
EP4033856A1 EP22151874.9A EP22151874A EP4033856A1 EP 4033856 A1 EP4033856 A1 EP 4033856A1 EP 22151874 A EP22151874 A EP 22151874A EP 4033856 A1 EP4033856 A1 EP 4033856A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
surface member
thin
heating element
heating layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22151874.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Masamichi Ishikubo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sekisui Polymatech Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sekisui Polymatech Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sekisui Polymatech Co Ltd filed Critical Sekisui Polymatech Co Ltd
Publication of EP4033856A1 publication Critical patent/EP4033856A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/347—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles woven fabrics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a planar heating element that can be used in, for example, a heating device that heats air by radiant heat.
  • Planar heating elements have planar heating layers configured to radiate heat. Planar heating elements are used in heating devices, for example.
  • a planar heating element in the related art includes a heating layer, a front-surface member that covers and protects the heat-radiating surface of the heating layer, and a back-surface member that covers and protects a surface of the heating layer opposite to the heat-radiating surface of the heating layer.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-091185 describes a technique in which a material having high thermal conductivity is used for the front-surface member and a material having high thermal insulation is used for the back-surface member.
  • this technique is used for a linear heating layer, the increased thermal conductivity of the front-surface member results in the rapid transfer of heat to a surface of the front-surface member; thus, high- and low-temperature portions are easily generated on the surface of the front-surface member, leading to poor heating uniformity.
  • planar heating elements Although various types of planar heating elements have been reported in the related art, these planar heating elements cannot efficiently radiate heat from their surfaces.
  • a planar heating element includes a thin-film heating layer configured to provide a heating line, a front-surface member disposed on the side of the heat-radiating surface of the thin-film heating layer, and a back-surface member disposed on the opposite side of the thin-film heating layer from the heat-radiating surface, in which expression (1) below holds: 0.006 ⁇ R 1 / R 2 ⁇ 0.7 where R1 is the thermal resistance of the front-surface member, and R2 is the thermal resistance of the back-surface member.
  • the thin-film heating layer has a pattern of a line. This enables an electric current to flow uniformly through the entire thin-film heating layer and uniform heat radiation from the entire thin-film heating layer.
  • the planar heating element of this aspect includes a front-surface member serving as a surface that radiates heat from the thin-film heating layer and the back-surface member located across the thin-film heating layer from the heat-radiating surface.
  • the thin-film heating layer is covered and protected by the front-surface member and the back-surface member.
  • the planar heating element can have a desired shape by forming the front-surface member and the back-surface member into a desired shape.
  • expression (1) holds: 0.006 ⁇ R 1 / R 2 ⁇ 0.7 where R1 is the thermal resistance of the front-surface member, and R2 is the thermal resistance of the back-surface member.
  • the predetermined range of the thermal resistance ratio of the front-surface member and the back-surface member, as specified in expression (1), enables efficient and uniform heat radiation from a surface of the planar heating element.
  • the heat-generating region in a heat-generating region including a heat-generating portion formed of the heating line and a non-heat-generating portion between adjacent sections of the heating line, the heat-generating region may account for 50% or more or 80% or more of the area of the heat-generating region.
  • the area of the heat-generating portion in the heat-generating region is 50% or more and where the thermal resistance ratio of the front-surface member to the back-surface member is in a predetermined range, more efficient and uniform heat radiation from the surface of the planar heating element can be achieved.
  • the area of the heat-generating portion in the heat-generating region is 80% or more and where the thermal resistance ratio of the front-surface member to the back-surface member is in the predetermined range specified in expression (1) described above, even more efficient and uniform heat radiation from the surface of the planar heating element can be achieved.
  • the comprehensive evaluation index A when the heat-generating portion accounts for 50% or more of the area of the heat-generating region, the comprehensive evaluation index A may be 5 or more, and when the heat-generating portion accounts for 80% or more of the area of the heat-generating region, the comprehensive evaluation index A may be 20.3 or more.
  • the comprehensive evaluation index A when the heat-generating portion accounts for 50% or more of the area of the heat-generating region, the comprehensive evaluation index A may be 5 or more, and when the heat-generating portion accounts for 80% or more of the area of the heat-generating region, the comprehensive evaluation index A may be 20.3 or more.
  • the comprehensive evaluation index B when the relationship Tu ⁇ Rn/Te among the temperature increase Tu of a surface of the front-surface member within a predetermined time, the temperature difference Te between surface portions of the front-surface member after the temperature increase, and the proportion of Rn of the non-heat-generating portion in the heat-generating region is defined as a comprehensive evaluation index B, the comprehensive evaluation index B may be 1.7 or more.
  • the comprehensive evaluation index B may be 1.7 or more.
  • the thin-film heating layer may be the cured product of a conductive ink containing conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, since the thin-film heating layer may be the cured product of the conductive ink containing the conductive particles dispersed in the polymer matrix, the thin-film heating layer can be easily formed into a desired shape, and the use of a flexible polymer matrix enables a thin-film heating layer that is not easily broken even if deformed.
  • the circuit pattern of the heating circuit formed of the heating line may be a meandering pattern.
  • the pattern of the heating line included in the thin-film heating layer may be the meandering pattern, an electric current can flow uniformly through the pattern, and the proportion of the heat-generating portion in the heat-generating region can be increased, thereby achieving efficient and uniform heat radiation from the surface of the planar heating element.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a planar heating element 10 according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element 10.
  • the thickness is exaggerated in comparison with the width for the purpose of easily understanding the layer structure, so the aspect ratio differs from the actual one.
  • the planar heating element 10 includes a thin-film heating layer 11, a front-surface member 12 disposed on the side of the heat-radiating surface of the thin-film heating layer 11, and a back-surface member 13 disposed on the opposite side of the thin-film heating layer 11 from the heat-radiating surface.
  • the front-surface member 12 is a member that covers the heat-radiating surface of the thin-film heating layer 11.
  • the front-surface member 12 can be configured as an interior material that decorates the interior of the automobile (a decorating material for an interior component).
  • the front-surface member 12 can be configured as a member to be installed inside such an interior material. Examples of a material that can be used for the front-surface member 12 include hard resins, flexible films, flexible rubber sheets, leather (synthetic leather), foam, and fibers.
  • the front-surface member 12 is more preferably composed of a flexible or stretchable material that can be attached to follow the shape of a vehicle interior component to which the planar heating element 10 is attached.
  • the front-surface member 12 of such a material has thermal resistance as described below.
  • the back-surface member 13 is a member that is disposed on the opposite side of the thin-film heating layer 11, described below, from the heat-radiating surface and that covers the thin-film heating layer 11.
  • the material of the back-surface member 13 can be the same as that of the front-surface member 12.
  • the back-surface member 13 has thermal resistance as described below and is more preferably composed of foam or a flexible material.
  • Each of the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13 has a predetermined thermal resistance, and expression (1) is satisfied: 0.006 ⁇ R 1 / R 2 ⁇ 0.7 where R1 is thermal resistance of the front-surface member 12, and R2 is thermal resistance of the back-surface member 13.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 is in the form of a thin film of, for example, a metal or conductive resin material.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 serves as a source of heat generation.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 has a predetermined linear pattern (heating circuit). More specifically, the thin-film heating layer 11 is a flat heat-generating layer in which a film-like heating line 11a having a thickness that is smaller than the line width has a desired pattern (heating circuit).
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 having this form is preferred in that when it is integrated with the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13, the thin-film heating layer 11 can inhibit air from entering the gaps between adjacent sections of the heating line 11a and the steps between the heating line 11a and a portion where the heating line 11a is absent, thereby facilitating the heating uniformity described below.
  • a heating layer having a thickness that is not smaller than the line width is provided, when the heating layer is integrated with the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13, the step height between a portion where the heating line 11a is present and a portion where the heating line 11a is absent is large because the heating layer has a large thickness, thereby facilitating the entry of air into the stepped portion.
  • a material having a thickness that is not smaller than the line width and thus allowing air to easily enter the gap is a thin metal wire, such as nichrome wire, in which the wire width and wire height are substantially identical in length.
  • Examples of a material for the thin-film heating layer 11 include metal materials, such as metals, e.g., silver, copper, nickel, aluminum, and iron, and alloys.
  • Examples of a conductive resin material include a layer formed by curing a conductive ink containing conductive particles dispersed in an insulating binder (a cured product of the conductive ink); and materials containing conductive polymers, such as polythiophene conductive polymers (PEDOT/PSS).
  • the polymer matrix contained in the insulating binder may be rigid.
  • the polymer matrix is composed of a flexible cross-linked rubber or thermoplastic elastomer because the planar heating element 10 is easily formed or bent into a shape having a curved surface.
  • cross-linked rubber and the thermoplastic elastomer include cross-linked rubbers, such as silicone rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 1,2-polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, acrylic rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, fluororubber, and urethane rubber; and thermoplastic elastomers, such as styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers, olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, ester-based thermoplastic elastomers, urethane-based thermoplastic elastomers, amide-based thermoplastic elastomers, vinyl chloride-based thermoplastic elastomers, and fluorinated thermoplastic elastomers.
  • cross-linked rubbers such as silicone rubber,
  • silicone rubber is preferably used to form the thin-film heating layer 11 when extensibility is required.
  • silicone rubber is preferably used to form the thin-film heating layer 11 when extensibility is required.
  • a resin that has good affinity for them For example, when urethane foam is used as the back-surface member 13, a urethane resin is preferably used as the insulating binder.
  • an olefin-based member an olefin-based insulating binder is preferably used.
  • conductive powders such as carbon and metal powders
  • Metal powders having low resistance are preferably used.
  • metal powders silver powders having extremely low resistance are more preferred.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 having the circuit pattern of a heating circuit formed of the heating line 11a can be such that the heating line 11a is arranged in a meandering pattern as illustrated in Fig. 1 , for example.
  • the arrangement of the heating line 11a in the meandering pattern is intended to exclude a wide planar shape, such as a polygon or circle that is not a linear shape, because when an electric current flows through such a shape, the ease of current flow is unevenly distributed. It is preferable to use a pattern in which the heating line 11a having a low height compared to the line width is arranged in straight and curved lines on a plane without overlapping each other.
  • a planar heating element 10a according to an embodiment illustrated in Fig. 5 has a narrower line width and a wider gap between adjacent sections of the heating line 11a than the planar heating element 10 illustrated in Fig. 1 .
  • the linear pattern of the thin-film heating layer 11 is arranged in such a manner that a heat-generating portion H preferably accounts for 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, of the area of a heat-generating region HA including the heat-generating portion H formed of the heating line 11a and a non-heat-generating portion A sandwiched by sections of the heating line 11a.
  • the heat-generating region HA is described with reference to Fig. 3 .
  • a portion of the heating line 11a arranged in the linear pattern excluding terminals 11b is the heat-generating portion H.
  • a region including the heat-generating portion H and the non-heat-generating portion A sandwiched by adjacent sections of the heating line 11a is the heat-generating region HA (region surrounded by a dot-and-dash line in Fig. 3 ).
  • the reason why the heating line 11a serving as the heat-generating portion H preferably accounts for 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, of the area of the heat-generating region HA is as follows: At less than 50%, it is considered that efficient and uniform heat radiation from the surface of the planar heating element is difficult to achieve, and nonuniform heat radiation occurs easily. The reason why 80% or more is more preferable is that it provides higher thermal efficiency than when it is less than 80%.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 can be stacked with the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13 by, for example, a method in which a conductive ink, which is to be formed into the thin-film heating layer 11, is applied to the back surface of the front-surface member 12, a liquid resin, which is to be formed into the back-surface member 13, is ejected onto the back surface of the front-surface member 12 coated with the conductive ink, and the resin is cured, or a sheet to be used as the back-surface member 13 is bonded.
  • the planar heating element 10 can be produced by this method.
  • the front-surface member 12 preferably has a thickness of 0.5 to 2 mm, in accordance with a portion where the planar heating element 10 is used and applications. When the thickness is smaller than 0.5 mm, heat generated may be directly transferred to the surface to lead to insufficient heating uniformity. When the thickness is larger than 2 mm, heat may fail to be efficiently transferred to the surface of the front-surface member 12.
  • the back-surface member 13 preferably has a thickness of 1 to 10 mm. When the thickness is smaller than 1 mm, heat is radiated more from the back surface, resulting in a greater loss of heat. When the thickness is larger than 10 mm, reductions in size and thickness may fail.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 preferably has a thickness of 5 to 200 ⁇ m when formed of a cured conductive ink.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m when composed of a metal or conductive polymer. In each case, when the thickness is smaller than the lower limit, heat may fail to be generated to lead to insufficient heating uniformity. In addition, the line may break. When the thickness is larger than the upper limit, it is difficult to form the layer.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 preferably has a line width of 1 mm to 50 mm.
  • the heating line 11a When the line width of the thin-film heating layer 11 is smaller than 1 mm, the heating line 11a is too long to account for 80% or more of the area of the heat-generating region HA, and the resistance value is increased, failing to generate sufficient heat. In addition, the line may break. When the line width of the thin-film heating layer 11 is larger than 50 mm, an electric current may not flow uniformly.
  • the terminals 11b of the thin-film heating layer 11 are coupled to a controller through lines (not illustrated).
  • heat is not easily transferred to the back-surface member 13
  • heat is easily transferred to the front-surface member 12 not only in the thickness direction but also in the surface direction, enabling efficient and uniform heat radiation from the surface of the front-surface member 12.
  • the planar heating element 10 includes at least the thin-film heating layer 11, the front-surface member 12, and the back-surface member 13.
  • an intermediate layer 14 can be disposed between the thin-film heating layer 11 and the front-surface member 12 or between the thin-film heating layer 11 and the back-surface member 13.
  • the intermediate layer 14 can be formed from a liquid material, such as an acrylic, urethane, or polyester material.
  • the intermediate layer 14 can be disposed to smooth the surfaces in order to facilitate the application of a conductive ink to these surfaces.
  • the intermediate layer 14 can also be used as an adhesive layer between the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer 14 can be 1 to 50 ⁇ m and is smaller than the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13; thus, its influence on heat transfer is negligible.
  • the planar heating element 10 can be installed in vehicle interior components, such as a door-side armrest 3 and a center console-side armrest 4 on both sides of a driver's seat 2 of an automobile 1 to efficiently warm occupants.
  • Planar heating elements having configurations given in the following tables were produced and designated as samples 1 to 32. These samples were subjected to various tests as described below.
  • Resin material sheets described in the tables were used for the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13. Specifically, a 1-mm-thick polyethylene terephthalate resin film (PET), a 0.5-mm-thick acrylic nitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin film (ABS), and a 2-mm-thick polypropylene foam (foam) containing independent pores were used.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate resin film
  • ABS 0.5-mm-thick acrylic nitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin film
  • foam 2-mm-thick polypropylene foam
  • a silver ink containing a flake silver filler dispersed in a urethane resin was used for PET and ABS.
  • a silver ink containing a flake silver filler dispersed in a polypropylene resin was used for the polypropylene foam.
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 had a thickness of 12 ⁇ m and a line width of 15 mm for a shape illustrated in Fig. 1 and 8.5 mm for a shape illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • the thin-film heating layer 11 was formed in the shape illustrated in Fig. 1 or 5 by application on the back-surface member 13.
  • the resistance value of pattern A (shape illustrated in Fig. 1 ) was 4.1 ⁇ .
  • the resistance value of pattern B (shape illustrated in Fig. 5 ) was 11.0 ⁇ .
  • the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13 were bonded together using a double-sided tape.
  • PET had a thermal conductivity of 0.25 (W/mK)
  • ABS had a thermal conductivity of 0.16 (W/mK)
  • the foam had a thermal conductivity of 0.04 (W/mK).
  • the surface temperature of the front-surface member 12 at position P1 which was the center of the line width of one section of the heating line 11a of the thin-film heating layer 11, was measured and recorded as the initial temperature.
  • a voltage of 12 V was applied to the terminals 11b of the thin-film heating layer 11 for energization.
  • the temperature 20 seconds after the application of the voltage at position P1 was measured, and the difference from the initial temperature was calculated and recorded as a "20-s temperature increase (°C)".
  • the temperature after 80 seconds from the application of the voltage was measured, and the difference from the initial temperature was calculated and recorded as an "80-s temperature increase (°C)".
  • the temperature 80 seconds after the application of the voltage was measured the difference from the initial temperature was calculated, and the value with the largest difference from the initial temperature was recorded as an "80-s temperature increase (°C) at P2".
  • the difference between the 80-s temperature increase (°C) at P1 and the 80-s temperature increase (°C) at P2 was calculated and recorded as "80-s heating uniformity (°C)".
  • heat from the thin-film heating layer 11 is efficiently transferred to the surface of the front-surface member 12.
  • the efficiency of the heat transfer can be evaluated by how quickly the surface of the front-surface member 12 warms up. For this reason, the 80-s temperature increase Tu at P1 was used as one of the evaluation indices.
  • heat from the thin-film heating layer 11 spreads across the front-surface member 12. It can be evaluated by how small the surface temperature difference was at different surface locations of the front-surface member 12.
  • the 80-s heating uniformity Te which is the temperature difference at P1 and P2 after 80 seconds, was used as one of the evaluation indices.
  • the two indices indicated a strong tendency that when the value of the 80-s temperature increase was large, the value of the 80-s heating uniformity was also large, and when the value of the 80-s temperature increase was small, the value of the 80-s heat uniformity was also small.
  • the balance between these two indices is important; thus, these two indices were integrated to derive a first comprehensive index (comprehensive evaluation index A): 80-s temperature increase Tu/80-s heating uniformity Te. This index varies, depending on the proportion of a heat-generating portion (or a non-heat-generating portion) in the heat-generating region.
  • this index was multiplied by the proportion Rn of the non-heat-generating portion in the heat-generating region to obtain Tu ⁇ Rn/Te, as a second comprehensive index (comprehensive evaluation index B).
  • the values of the comprehensive evaluation index A and the comprehensive evaluation index B were determined for each sample. The results are presented in the tables.
  • the thermal resistance of each of the front-surface member 12 and the back-surface member 13 of each sample was measured.
  • the thermal resistance R1 of the front-surface member 12 was divided by the thermal resistance R2 of the back-surface member 13 to calculate the thermal resistance ratio R1/R2, which is presented in the tables.
  • the samples that were evaluated as A or B, which are superior results in the sensory test had a comprehensive evaluation index B of 1.7 or higher.
  • the samples that were evaluated as C or D, which are inferior results in the sensory test had a comprehensive evaluation index B of less than 1.7.
  • an superior planar heating element can be obtained, where Tu is the temperature increase of the surface of the front-surface member within a predetermined time, Te is the temperature difference between surface portions of the front-surface member after the temperature increase, and Rn is the proportion of non-heat-generating portion in the heat-generating region.
  • the thermal resistance ratio R1/R2 was more than 0.006 and less than 0.7.
  • the thermal resistance ratio R1/R2 was less than 0.006 or more than 0.7. This indicated that the thermal resistance ratio R1/R2 can be used to evaluate the performance of the planar heating element.
  • the samples each having an area of the heat-generating portion of 94% had a comprehensive evaluation index A, i.e., 80-s temperature increase Tu/80-s heating uniformity Te, of 28.4 to 40.9.
  • the samples each having an area of the heat-generating portion of 80% had a comprehensive evaluation index A of 20.3.
  • the samples each having an area of the heat-generating portion of 53% had a comprehensive evaluation index A of 5.5 to 6.3.
  • a sample including a nichrome wire as the heating layer and having an area of the heat-generating portion of 2.2% had a comprehensive evaluation index A of 1.2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
EP22151874.9A 2021-01-26 2022-01-17 Flächiges heizelement Pending EP4033856A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2021010499A JP2022114269A (ja) 2021-01-26 2021-01-26 面状発熱体

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EP4033856A1 true EP4033856A1 (de) 2022-07-27

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010052710A (ja) * 2008-07-29 2010-03-11 Panasonic Corp 加熱装置およびそれを用いた車両用暖房装置
JP2010091185A (ja) 2008-10-08 2010-04-22 Panasonic Corp 加熱装置およびそれを用いた車両用暖房装置
JP2010169303A (ja) * 2009-01-22 2010-08-05 Panasonic Corp 電気採暖具
US20160144690A1 (en) * 2013-06-20 2016-05-26 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A. Heatable interior lining element
WO2017130541A1 (ja) 2016-01-25 2017-08-03 株式会社デンソー ヒータ装置
WO2020022521A1 (ja) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 株式会社ニフコ 面状発熱体、および、車両用ウインドシールド装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010052710A (ja) * 2008-07-29 2010-03-11 Panasonic Corp 加熱装置およびそれを用いた車両用暖房装置
JP2010091185A (ja) 2008-10-08 2010-04-22 Panasonic Corp 加熱装置およびそれを用いた車両用暖房装置
JP2010169303A (ja) * 2009-01-22 2010-08-05 Panasonic Corp 電気採暖具
US20160144690A1 (en) * 2013-06-20 2016-05-26 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A. Heatable interior lining element
WO2017130541A1 (ja) 2016-01-25 2017-08-03 株式会社デンソー ヒータ装置
WO2020022521A1 (ja) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 株式会社ニフコ 面状発熱体、および、車両用ウインドシールド装置

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