EP4031387A1

EP4031387A1 - Method for selectively controlling the temperature of passenger compartments of vehicle and vehicle for carrying out the method

Info

Publication number: EP4031387A1
Application number: EP20772036.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jan Buschbeck
Original assignee: Bombardier Transportation GmbH
Current assignee: Alstom Transportation Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2019-09-17
Filing date: 2020-09-11
Publication date: 2022-07-27
Also published as: WO2021052889A1; DE102019125005A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for selectively controlling the temperature of passenger compartments of a vehicle, wherein in the method current temperature-control states of the passenger compartments and current states of occupation of the passenger compartments are determined, a temperature-control performance of the entire vehicle is calculated on the basis of the current temperature-control states of the passenger compartments, a state of occupation of the entire vehicle is calculated on the basis of the current states of occupation of the passenger compartments, and passengers are directed into various passenger compartments as a function of the current temperature-control states of the passenger compartments, the calculated temperature-control performance and the calculated state of occupation of the entire vehicle.

Description

description

PROCEDURE FOR M SELECTIVE TEMPERATURES OF DRIVING CAPACITY A VEHICLE AND VEHICLE TO R PERFORM THE PROCEDURE

Technical area

The present invention relates to a method for the selective temperature control of passenger compartments of a vehicle and a vehicle for performing the method.

Prior art

In a vehicle, for example a rail vehicle, air conditioning of a passenger compartment takes up a significant proportion of the power of all auxiliary operating units. Previous solutions have been accompanied, for example, with a variable supply of fresh air in order to temper only as much fresh air as necessary, i.e. to heat or cool it.

US 2016/0116512 Al describes a method and a system for monitoring energy consumption of cooling / heating in a building. In the method, a number of people in the room is estimated _{based on a C0 2 concentration in a room.} It is also determined whether an amount of energy consumed is appropriate in comparison to the estimated number of people in order to avoid unnecessarily high energy consumption. The disadvantage here is that the number of people in a room remains unaffected.

Disadvantages of the prior art

Such methods are not designed to be efficient enough with regard to their energy requirements; in particular, comfort aspects for passengers in vehicles are only insufficiently taken into account. Problem

[0005] The invention is therefore based on an object of creating a method and a vehicle with which it is possible to save energy when controlling the temperature of a passenger compartment.

Solution according to the invention

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a method according to claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved with a vehicle according to claim 17. Advantageous refinements of the invention are contained in the subclaims.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in a method for the selective temperature control of passenger compartments of a vehicle, wherein in the method

- Current temperature control statuses of the passenger compartments and current occupancy status of passenger compartments are determined,

- A total temperature control performance of the entire vehicle is calculated from the current temperature control status of the passenger compartments,

- A total occupancy state of the entire vehicle is calculated from the current occupancy states of the passenger compartments, and

- Depending on the current temperature control conditions of the passenger compartments, the overall temperature control performance and the overall occupancy status, passengers are directed into passenger compartments, in particular into different passenger compartments. In particular, guiding and / or guiding passengers into a passenger compartment and / or into passenger compartments takes place in such a way that a required total temperature control output or a total energy requirement is reduced, and / or that power peaks of the total temperature control output are reduced in such a way that a maximum available output is provided is not exceeded by a traction battery. One advantage of the solution according to the invention is that different passenger compartments can have different temperature control states and thus different internal temperatures as well as different occupancy states. If necessary, the passengers can go to passenger rooms that correspond to the interior temperature expectations and the preferred occupancy states of the passengers. Of course, the passengers can also dispense with moving from one passenger compartment to another, or the passengers can go into any passenger compartment when boarding. The passenger line serves to reduce the overall energy consumption.

A passenger compartment can correspond to a specific car of a rail vehicle. However, it is also conceivable and customary to implement several thermally separately controllable passenger compartments within a single car. In this sense, passenger compartments can also be understood as individually controllable zones within a single car.

In a preferred embodiment of the method

- the passengers are evenly distributed to all vehicle compartments for a given combination of an outside temperature and an occupancy state, and

- an equal temperature control output set for all passenger compartments.

An advantage of this embodiment is that the passengers in each passenger compartment generate the same body waste heat and the temperature control can be adapted to it. The fact that the temperature control output is set to be the same in all passenger compartments results in a simple regulation of the internal temperature in each passenger compartment.

In an alternative embodiment of the method

(a) current temperature control conditions of the passenger compartments and current occupancy conditions of the passenger compartments determined and, (b) if an occupancy status in at least one passenger compartment falls below a specified value, a specified temperature control output is set for at least one preferred passenger compartment,

(c) directing passengers to the preferred passenger compartment, and

(d) a temperature control service saved in at least one other, other passenger compartment. Such savings can be achieved by reducing a temperature in the further passenger compartment and / or completely deactivating the temperature control of this further passenger compartment.

One advantage of this embodiment is that, by means of the method described, a temperature control output, i.e. an air conditioning output, can be reduced in a vehicle with at least two passenger compartments, whereby energy is saved. For example, in a vehicle with three passenger compartments, energy savings of up to 30% can be achieved if all passengers leave the other two passenger compartments and then stay in the preferred passenger compartment. In addition, it is possible to influence the occupancy status of at least one passenger compartment. Passengers are directed into at least one preferred passenger compartment, in which a higher level of climatic comfort is set, and a lower level of climatic comfort is set in at least one further passenger compartment. The waste heat from passengers can be used more effectively. Power peaks, which are decisive for a battery design, are reduced. The occupancy status of the passenger compartments can be determined, for example, with the help of a passenger counting system, a weight measurement using air spring pressures, a measurement of a CO2 concentration and / or based on empirical values for average passenger numbers.

In a particular embodiment of the method, the preferred passenger compartment is selected before or after step a) or selected before step a) and changed after step a). For example, a preferred passenger compartment can be predefined, for example an end car, or the preferred vehicle compartment can be selected or changed as a function of the occupancy status. According to an advantageous development of the invention, a minimum temperature control is set for the preferred passenger compartment in step b), the minimum temperature control depends on an outside temperature. As a result, optimal energy savings are achieved both in summer or when outside temperatures are warmer and in winter or when outside temperatures are colder.

In step b), a permissible deviation of the minimum temperature control output can preferably be specified, in particular taking into account a state of charge of a traction battery of the vehicle. This offers the advantage that the energy consumption for the temperature control performance can vary within predetermined limit values. In the case of an energy supply by means of a traction battery, only so much energy is drawn that, with a lower state of charge, a lower temperature control output is set within the permissible deviation than with a higher state of charge.

In a particular development of the invention, steps b) to d) are only initiated if, in step a), the temperature control output for the passenger compartments is greater than or equal to the minimum temperature control output within the permissible deviation. As a result, in addition to the occupancy status in step a), a further parameter is set which contributes to a defined initiation of the method.

Specifically, it is possible to start again at step a) if, in step b), the temperature control output for the preferred passenger compartment is less than the minimum temperature control output within the permissible deviation. This could be an indication of a defect in an air conditioning system in a preferred passenger compartment, so that another preferred passenger compartment can be selected by restarting the method.

In a further development of the invention, a maximum tempering power is set for the further passenger compartment, in particular a setpoint temperature and / or a fresh air supply of the further passenger compartment are lowered, or a tempering power for the further passenger compartment is switched off. This enables further targeted energy savings. In particular, when the outside temperature drops, in particular below 12 ° C, the occupancy status in the preferred passenger compartment can be maximized or, if the occupancy level increases above a predetermined value, a number of preferred passenger compartments can be increased, in particular an even distribution of passengers among all preferred Passenger compartments. The higher the outside temperature and the lower the occupancy, the lower the specified value for the occupancy. This applies up to a limit value for the outside temperature, above which it can make sense for all occupancy states to reduce the number of preferred passenger compartments again.

The colder it is, the more advantageous is a high occupancy in the preferred passenger compartment, because then waste heat from the passengers can be used to lower the temperature control output. When the outside temperature rises, the air conditioning system has to cool down all of the heat radiation from outside as well as the waste heat from the passengers.

Furthermore, an inside temperature in a preferred passenger compartment can correspond to a predetermined standard and an inside temperature in a further passenger compartment can be higher than the predefined standard at a warmer outside temperature and lower than the predefined standard at a colder outside temperature. Based on the internal temperatures in the preferred passenger compartment and in the further passenger compartment, the respective associated temperature control output can be regulated. The standard is specified by a climate norm.

In addition, the interior temperature in a preferred passenger compartment can have a different limit value than the interior temperature in a further passenger compartment, a maximum interior temperature being specified in each case, in particular at a warmer exterior temperature and a minimum interior temperature at a colder exterior temperature. The limit value for the interior temperature guarantees a predetermined level of comfort for the passengers. Due to the different limit values in the preferred passenger compartment and in the further passenger compartment, an amount of Energy saving can be set. Instead of a maximum internal temperature, a maximum temperature difference to the external temperature can also be specified.

In addition to step a), expected changes in the occupancy states can also be taken into account from empirical values. This makes it possible to schedule the initiation of the method while the vehicle is in motion. Such empirical values can be, for example, average values and / or minimum / maximum values of occupancy states from the past, estimates and forecasts based thereon.

In particular, the method can be started in a predetermined period of time, in particular after at least one door of the vehicle has been opened. For example, the method can be started immediately after the doors have been closed. A determination of the occupancy status can then already begin.

In addition, passengers can be guided into the preferred passenger compartment by announcements, locking of doors of the vehicle and / or by passenger guidance systems in the vehicle and / or at a stop, in particular after step d). These are efficient means of directing passengers to the preferred passenger compartment.

In an advantageous further development of the invention

a number of preferred passenger compartments is dependent on the occupancy states of the passenger compartments, and / or

A preferred passenger compartment comprises a disabled toilet, a family compartment, a multi-purpose area and / or an area of a first class, and / or

- With at least three passenger compartments in a row, preferred passenger compartments are arranged at the ends of the vehicle and / or preferred passenger compartments are arranged next to one another, and / or - In each case at least one separating element thermally isolates passenger spaces with different temperature control services from one another, the separating element being in particular a door and / or an air curtain.

For example, when using a passenger compartment with a high occupancy as the preferred passenger compartment, a lower passenger flow from the further passenger compartment into the preferred passenger compartment is required. A passenger compartment with a special additional function is also well suited as a preferred passenger compartment because the needs of particular passenger groups are taken into account. For example, passenger compartments at the ends of a rail vehicle often include first class areas that should be considered as preferred passenger compartments. A door and / or an air curtain are simple means of separating areas with different temperature control services or different internal temperatures. If preferred passenger compartments are arranged next to one another, a heat exchange between adjacent passenger compartments can take place in at least one transition area.

Furthermore, the object is achieved in a vehicle for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the vehicle is in particular a rail vehicle. The method is particularly suitable for implementation in a rail vehicle with at least two passenger compartments. However, implementation in another type of vehicle with at least two passenger compartments is also conceivable.

Brief description of the figures

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The elements of the drawings are relative to one another and not necessarily to scale.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an inventive

Method according to an embodiment,

Fig. 2 is a diagram for passenger distribution in a vehicle with three

Passenger compartments, and 3 shows a diagram for a preferred distribution of passengers.

Embodiments

In Fig. 1, a sequence of a method 10 for selective temperature control of passenger compartments of a vehicle is shown schematically and by way of example. The method 10 includes a start 11, which is carried out at a defined point in time during operation of the vehicle. After the start 11, the step 12 “Receive information” takes place, which comprises the substeps 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3.

In substep 12.1 "Determine temperature control states" information on the state of an air conditioning system per passenger compartment is obtained, the air conditioning system in FIG. 1 being referred to as HVAC (HVAC: Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) and the passenger compartment in FIG. 1 being referred to as a car The information on the status of the air conditioning per passenger compartment includes, for example, information on the power, the heat flow, the volume flow of fresh air, the outside temperature, the actual temperature in the passenger compartment and / or the target temperature in the passenger compartment.

In substep 12.2 “determine occupancy states” information on the occupancy state, ie the number of people, per passenger compartment or car is obtained. The occupancy state can be measured, for example, by measuring a CO 2 concentration, a weight of a passenger compartment or car and / or can be determined by measuring a change of people by means of a people counting system.

In sub-step 12.3 “take into account expected changes in the occupancy states from experience”, predictive or foreseeable information is obtained. The predictive information includes, for example, a time or, in other words, a period until the next door is opened and / or changes expected based on the past The sub-step 12.3 can be viewed as optional.

On the step 12 with the substeps 12.2, 12.2, and possibly 12.3 follows the step 13 "set temperature control", in which a setting of the minimum Temperature control output, ie the minimum output of the air conditioning system (HVAC), takes place with an optimal distribution of people between the passenger compartments or cars. The minimum power of the air conditioning system relates to a preferred passenger compartment, which can be selected after step 12. Alternatively, the preferred passenger compartment can also be preselected, for example as an end car of the vehicle, and then confirmed as the preferred passenger compartment after step 12. If the preferred passenger compartment is preselected, selecting or confirming the preferred passenger compartment after step 12 can also be omitted.

After step 13, step 14 “specify permissible deviation” takes place, in which a permissible change in the temperature control performance, ie the performance of the air conditioning system, is set from the optimum or from the minimum determined in step 13. Optionally, a state of charge can be a This prevents too much energy from being consumed from the traction battery or the process may only be initiated if the next recharge option cannot be achieved without these savings.

In step 15, "Measure temperature control performance", it is determined whether the temperature control output, i.e. the actual output of the air conditioning system, in the preferred passenger compartment is greater than or equal to the minimum temperature control output, i.e. the minimum output of the air conditioning system, and is within the permissible deviation.

If the result of step 15 is negative, the method 10 starts again with step 12. If the result of step 15 is positive, step 16 "guide passengers" takes place, with measures to achieve the optimal distribution of people being initiated, e.g. by announcements, locking doors, locking cars and / or by optimizing the flow of people at a stop, e.g. one The method 10 is then repeated from step 12. The output of the air conditioning system or the HVAC output is therefore continuously regulated All the variables of the method 10 are averaged over a suitable period of time.

In Fig. 2 and 3 an advantageous or optimal distribution of passengers in a vehicle with three passenger compartments is shown as an example. The digits "1", "2" and "3" denotes the number of preferred passenger compartments. With a "1", all passengers are in the preferred passenger compartment. A "2" denotes an even distribution of the passengers over two passenger compartments. A "3" denotes an even distribution of the passengers over three passenger compartments. The top line indicates the number of occupied seats in percent, ie the occupancy of the entire vehicle. 100% means that all seats are occupied. 200% means that all standing places are occupied. The leftmost column shows the outside temperature in ° C.

In Fig. 2, three areas are essentially recognizable, an area that is filled with "1", one area that is filled with "2" and one area that is filled with "3". The ones in the table The distribution of passengers shown represents the optimum in terms of energy consumption for temperature control. It was neglected here that, purely for reasons of space, a concentration of 100% vehicle occupancy on just one car is not practical.

For the preferred distribution of the passengers, space comfort must therefore be ensured. For example, all passengers should be able to take a seat. An optimal distribution of passengers and the consideration of the minimum number of passenger compartments for fulfilling this condition is shown in area A in FIG. 3.

List of reference symbols

10 procedures

11 start

12 Get information

12.1 Determine temperature control states

12.2 Determine the occupancy status

12.3 Take into account expected changes in the occupancy status based on empirical values

13 Setting the temperature control output

14 Specify permissible deviation

15 Measure the temperature control output

Guide 16 passengers

A area

Claims

1. A method (10) for the selective temperature control of passenger compartments of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle with a traction battery, wherein in the method

- current temperature control states (12.1) of passenger spaces and current occupancy states (12.2) of these passenger spaces are determined,

- a total temperature control performance of the entire vehicle is calculated from the current temperature control states (12.1),

- an overall occupancy state of the entire vehicle is calculated from the current occupancy states (12.2), and

- Depending on the current temperature control status of the passenger compartments, the overall temperature control performance and the overall occupancy, passengers are guided into passenger compartments (16) in such a way that a required overall temperature control performance and / or a total energy requirement is reduced.

2. The method (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that

- the passengers are evenly distributed to all vehicle compartments with a given combination of an outside temperature and an occupancy state, and

- an equal temperature control output (13) is set for all passenger compartments.

3. The method (10) according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: a) determining current temperature control states (12.1) of passenger spaces and current occupancy states (12.2) of the passenger spaces, b) if an occupancy state (12.2) in at least one passenger space has a predetermined value falls below, setting a predetermined temperature control output (13) for at least one preferred passenger compartment, c) guiding passengers into the preferred passenger compartment (16), and d) in particular saving a temperature control output in at least one further passenger compartment.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the preferred passenger compartment is selected before or after step a) or selected before step a) and changed after step a), and / or that in addition to step a) expected changes in the occupancy status from experience values are taken into account (12.3).

5. The method (10) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that in step b) a minimum temperature control output (13) is set for the preferred passenger compartment, the minimum temperature control output depending on an outside temperature.

6. The method (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that in step b) a permissible deviation (14) of the minimum temperature control power (13) is specified, in particular taking into account a state of charge of a traction battery of the vehicle.

7. The method (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that steps b) to d) are only initiated if, in step a), the temperature control output (13) for the passenger compartments is greater than or equal to (15) the minimum temperature control output within the permissible deviation is (14).

8. The method (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the process starts again at step a) if, in step b), the temperature control output (13) for the preferred passenger compartment is less than the minimum temperature control output, in particular within the permissible deviation (14) , is.

9. The method (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that a maximum temperature control power is set for the further passenger compartment, wherein in particular a target temperature and / or a fresh air supply of the further passenger compartment are lowered or a temperature control power for the further passenger compartment is switched off becomes.

10. The method (10) according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that with decreasing outside temperature, in particular below 12 ° C, the occupancy state in preferred passenger compartment is maximized, or that in the case of an increasing occupancy state above a predetermined value, a number of preferred passenger compartments is increased, with in particular a uniform distribution of passengers to all preferred passenger compartments.

11. The method (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that an internal temperature in a preferred passenger compartment corresponds to a predetermined standard and an internal temperature in a further passenger compartment is higher than the specified standard at a warmer outside temperature and lower at a colder outside temperature is as the given standard.

12. The method (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that the internal temperature in a preferred passenger compartment has a different limit value than the internal temperature in a further passenger compartment, with a maximum inside temperature in each case in particular with a warmer outside temperature and with a colder one Outside temperature, a minimum inside temperature can be specified.

13. The method (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is started in a predetermined period of time (11), in particular after at least one door of the vehicle has been opened.

14. The method (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that passengers are guided into the preferred passenger compartment by announcements, locking of doors of the vehicle and / or by passenger guidance systems in the vehicle and / or at a stopping station (16), in particular even after step d).

15. Vehicle having at least two passenger compartments, designed to carry out a method (10) according to one of claims 1 to 14, in particular wherein the vehicle is a rail vehicle, and / or in particular wherein the vehicle has a traction battery.