EP4031380B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité et élément de sécurité - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité et élément de sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4031380B1
EP4031380B1 EP20775818.6A EP20775818A EP4031380B1 EP 4031380 B1 EP4031380 B1 EP 4031380B1 EP 20775818 A EP20775818 A EP 20775818A EP 4031380 B1 EP4031380 B1 EP 4031380B1
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Prior art keywords
polymer film
production method
layer
microfibril
structured
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EP20775818.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4031380A1 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Sattler
Thomas Gerhardt
Michael Rahm
Christian Fuhse
Katalin Szendrei-Temesi
Kerstin GOTTSCHLING
Udo SCHAUMBURGER
Maik Rudolf Johann Scherer
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102019006653.7A external-priority patent/DE102019006653A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102019008021.1A external-priority patent/DE102019008021A1/de
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Publication of EP4031380A1 publication Critical patent/EP4031380A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/445—Marking by removal of material using chemical means, e.g. etching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a manufacturing method for a security element that produces a colorful, optically variable motif.
  • the invention further relates to such a security element.
  • Photosensitive layers which change their physical and chemical properties when exposed to light irradiation are known in the art. They are mainly used for the production of micro and nanostructures. The structures are created with the help of UV lacquers or so-called photoresists, i.e. ultimately with methods of microlithography.
  • color-shift layer structures One way of producing layers with iridescent colors are so-called color-shift layer structures. Although they can be applied to the entire surface of a substrate using a vapor deposition process, multicolored structures require many work steps and are therefore expensive to produce. In particular, registration problems in individual work steps must be taken into account.
  • Volume holograms are also known, which produce a three-dimensional image for the viewer through light diffraction and interference. Volume holograms store both the intensity and phases of incident light rays in a light-sensitive medium. The large-scale production of volume holograms is complicated and expensive, since complex equipment is required for exposure and, as a rule, very expensive photoresists have to be used for production.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a production method for the simple production of a security element that produces a colorful, optically variable motif, and such a security element.
  • the optically variable security element for producing documents of value has a polymer film and optionally a reflector layer arranged under the polymer film.
  • Laterally structured microfibrils are formed in the polymer film, which give the polymer film a color effect that appears as a colorful motif.
  • the microfibrils are produced according to the principle described in the Nature article mentioned. They are consequently organized according to standing light waves. These originate, for example, from the interference of coherent light beams, which lead to places of constructive interference in the polymer film and thus produce a (usually locally varying) cross-linking in the polymer, which is then exposed using suitable solvents.
  • This microfibrillation method described in Nature is carried out in a variant 1 with a reflector layer which is structured laterally with regard to the degree of reflection and/or profiling, so that when exposed to light in incident light above the reflector layer, the interference between incident and reflected radiation and ultimately the microfibril structure for the colorful motif is created.
  • the reflector layer ensures the crosslinking in such a way that the microfibrils have the lateral structure that leads to the colorful motif.
  • the reflector layer can, for. B. be formed as a metallic mirror layer and also be removed after the microfibrillation process.
  • interference between two incident beams is generated in the polymer film. Then you don't need a reflector layer and you can write a volume hologram directly into the polymer film, for example.
  • the polymer film is thus designed by microfibrillation with regard to a color effect, in particular as a volume hologram, and has a spongy structure in which individual planes and/or holes are arranged periodically. This creates structural colors.
  • the polymer film is quasi "exposed” by light that is applied in the form of standing waves, with variant 1 also structuring the lateral structuring of the reflector layer and the exposure, and subsequently developed by solvent-based removal of the non-crosslinked components. Because the laterally structured reflector layer is effective for the exposure step, the motif is very easy to produce.
  • water-soluble polymers such as PVA, PA, PVP, PAA or PAM is particularly advantageous and environmentally friendly. With these, the non-crosslinked areas can only be removed with water and thus without a solvent.
  • the reflector layer is laterally modulated in terms of the degree of reflection, in particular pixelated. This can be done, for example, in the form of a pixel structure.
  • the distance between the reflector layer and the polymer layer can also be laterally modulated.
  • the degree of reflection can be varied over the thickness of a metallic layer, which can vary between a maximum reflective layer thickness and zero.
  • Metals such as Al, Cu, Cr, Ni, Au, Ag etc. and their alloys are preferred as materials for the reflector layer, as well as ZnS, SiO2, MgF2 or thin-film interference layer systems known from the prior art. Special dielectrics or layer systems made from the materials mentioned are also possible.
  • the reflector layer During microfibrillation formation, the reflector layer generates an intensity modulation of a displayed motif in the polymer, which in turn leads to the formation of laterally structured microfibrils during the development process. These can be viewed as laterally structured Bragg planes that cause a color component. In particular, a laterally varying structuring of the polymer film can then be dispensed with. Since a reflector layer can be produced relatively easily and structured laterally, these embodiments have particular advantages in terms of simple manufacturability. Nevertheless, they are difficult to imitate or even counterfeit.
  • the polymer film laterally with regard to the color effect.
  • This can e.g. B. be achieved by appropriate exposure to standing light waves that are lateral, spectral and / or different in intensity.
  • the microfibril structure provides a type of volume hologram in embodiments.
  • the polymer film is exposed, as is known for reflection, transmission or Denisjuk holograms.
  • the reflector layer is designed as a relief structure, which has a corresponding relief for representing a motif, so that during exposure, the light reflected from this laterally structured surface in the sense of an object beam is superimposed in the polymer layer and thus interferes with the incident beam, which serves as a reference.
  • the surface relief ensures a phase modulation of the light reflected by the reflective layer, so that this relief structure affects the color effect.
  • the relief structure can in particular bring about a laterally varying distance between the polymer layer and the reflector layer. It can be produced using micro- and nanolithography methods and transferred or duplicated using various embossing processes.
  • the relief structure can have: plateaus in different height levels that affect the color effect and are at different distances from the polymer structure, micromirrors, a blazed grating structure, a Fresnel structure, a moth's eye structure, a sub-wavelength grating with sharp or rounded edges, a sine grating structure, a columnar structure or a stepped grating structure with sloping or vertical flanks.
  • Various of these lattice structures can also be used in adjacent areas.
  • the relief structure can be designed as a free-form surface.
  • motifs typical of banknotes can be displayed, with three-dimensional motifs also being possible.
  • the optically variable effect is at suitable illumination can also be observed without a laterally structured reflection layer.
  • the microfibril structure creates a multicolored pixilated image, wherein a pixel structure that causes the pixelated image is formed in the reflector layer (if not removed), the polymer layer, or both.
  • the microfibril structure is structured perpendicularly to the surface of the polymer film.
  • the spongy structure of the polymer film, in which individual layers and/or holes are arranged, is created in such a way that the standing waves with which the polymer film is exposed are applied in such a way that the microfibril structure does not form periodically when the polymer film comes into contact with the solvent. This can be realized, for example, by irradiating the polymer layer with standing waves of different wavelengths.
  • imperfections are built into the microfibril structure in a targeted manner.
  • Individual layers in the microfibril structure are referred to as defects, for example, which are made thicker or thinner in a targeted manner than the other layers of the microfibril structure by irradiation with the standing waves and the subsequent solvent-based removal of non-crosslinked components in the polymer film. This creates a minimum/maximum in the reflection spectrum within the highly reflective range (band gap) and the color impression changes compared to a periodic development of the microfibril structure.
  • the thickness of the layers of the microfibril structure is formed by irradiating the polymer structure with the standing waves in such a way that the thickness of the layers increases continuously or gradually the further away the layers are from the substrate.
  • the increase in the thickness of the layers can be achieved, for example, by using different photoinitiators the further away the layers are from the substrate.
  • Photoinitiators are chemical compounds that break down after absorbing light, forming reactive particles that can start a reaction. The photoinitiators are exposed to light sources of different wavelengths, which results in different layer thicknesses in the different layers, e.g.
  • one photoinitiator A can be used for the layers that are closer to the substrate, another photoinitiator B for the layers that are further away from the substrate, and another photoinitiator C for the layers that are furthest away from the substrate.
  • Photoinitiators are chemical compounds that break down after absorbing light, forming reactive particles that can start a reaction. The photoinitiators are exposed to light sources of different wavelengths, resulting in different layer thicknesses in the different layers.
  • multiple polymer films of different polymers are applied in multiple passes, and exposure and development is performed in one pass.
  • Development means the solvent-based removal of the non-crosslinked components of the polymers.
  • Different developer mixtures such as concentrations of acetic acid in water or mixtures of acetic acid in different solvents, develop the different layers of the microfibril structure in the polymer film at different rates.
  • the layer thickness variation described is achieved by setting the development time, i.e. the time that individual layers require for the solvent-based removal of the non-crosslinked components of the polymers, differently for the layers, so that e.g. upper layers are already fully developed and lower ones are not yet, or only partially.
  • One type of polymer and photoinitiator can be used consistently, and exposure and development are performed in one operation.
  • developer mixtures can be used not only for structuring the microfibril structure perpendicular to the surface of the polymer film, but also for lateral structuring.
  • Different developer mixtures can be used laterally next to each other on the polymer film in order to achieve different degrees of development laterally and thus different structural colors.
  • the developer mixtures are applied to the polymer film laterally with a time offset. This can be done in two steps, for example. First, a developer mixture is applied to the polymeric film at a first location. Then the same developer mixture is also applied to a second location on the polymer film. At the In the first location on the polymeric film, this gives the developer mixture more time to interact with the polymeric film than in the second location, and development is more advanced at the first location, producing different structural colors at laterally different locations.
  • the polymer layer is designed to be elastically or plastically deformable.
  • a reversible or irreversible change in the color of the polymer layer can be produced by mechanical pressure on a part or the entire surface of the polymer layer by changing the layer thickness of the polymer layer.
  • the color or the reflected (or transmitted) wavelength of the polymer layer is changed by changing its layer thickness, the thinner the layer, the more the color impression shifts towards the bluish. For example, if the polymer layer is red and mechanical pressure is applied to it with a finger, the polymer layer is compressed in this area, the layer thickness decreases and the structural color can change from red to yellow and green to blue, for example.
  • a plastic and thus permanent deformation of the polymer layer takes place, for example, with an embossing process, preferably by means of intaglio printing.
  • the spongy structure of the polymer film consists of microfibrils and cavities. If these cavities are at least partially open-pored, they can be filled with a liquid or gaseous medium according to a further embodiment. For example, if part of the cavities is filled with water and air remains in another part, regions in the area of the filled cavities show different colors, since air has an index of refraction of 1 and water of 1.33. It is also possible for the polymer layer to become transparent if the refractive index of the microfibrils and the medium in the cavities are the same.
  • the reflector layer can remain on the polymer layer.
  • the polymer layer can be coated with a dark or black color on the surface that is not viewed.
  • the polymer layer can be modified by adding carbon black or carbon black to bring out the interference colors to their best advantage.
  • transparent, high-refractive particles for example made of TiO2 are added to the polymer so that the difference in refractive index between the fibrillated layers and continuous layers is further increased. Suppression with a diffusely scattering color also leads to different, in particular complementary, colors when viewed specularly or non-specularly.
  • the aspects mentioned for the security element also apply equally to the production process, which follows the principle mentioned in the Nature article with regard to the production of the microfibrils.
  • a security element is provided which is produced or obtainable using one of the production methods mentioned.
  • the polymer layer according to the invention is cured in a subsequent process step.
  • This has the particular advantage that the resistance of the polymer layer to, for example, mechanical abrasion, subsequent mechanical pressure, solvents or other environmental influences is increased.
  • the hardening is particularly preferably carried out by irradiating the polymer layer with ultraviolet radiation.
  • a further increase in the durability of the polymer layer and the reflector layer remaining on the polymer layer results from embedding the polymer layer between protective layers and/or films.
  • the invention also relates to a document of value with a security element of the type mentioned.
  • the document of value is embodied as a bank note or check, for example.
  • the security element according to the invention can be combined with any other security elements of the document of value, for example holograms, micro-mirrors, e.g. with running effects or 3D surfaces (Fresnel-like), micro-concave mirrors or sub-wavelength structures.
  • this preferably takes place in such a way that the reflective layer generates the reflection for generating the standing wave and generates the other features described in other lateral partial areas.
  • the part that generates the standing wave is removed after exposure, which can be done, for example, by etching.
  • magnet, conductivity, fluorescence, phosphorescence any of these other security elements are particularly preferably arranged laterally next to the microfibrils.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a bank note 2 which has a number of security elements.
  • a security element 4 is designed in the form of a patch, another security element in the form of a security strip or security thread 6.
  • the specific two-dimensional design of the security element can be selected depending on the application. The description below refers to the security element 4 purely by way of example.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view through the security element 4. It is applied to a substrate 8, for example banknote paper of the banknote 2, with an intermediate carrier also being used as the substrate 8 can, which is then applied to a banknote paper of the banknote 2, so that the security element 4 is then designed as a so-called transfer element.
  • Variant 1 works with a reflector layer under the polymer layer. Then an incident ray is the reference ray, the ray reflected at the reflector layer is the object ray. In an alternative variant 2, the object and reference beams are irradiated independently.
  • the microfibril structure 13 includes microfibrils 13a and cavities 13b (cf. 3 ).
  • it is produced by irradiating a commercially available, flat polymer, such as a polystyrene or polycarbonate sheet or a corresponding film (preferably parallel to its surface normal) with radiation whose coherence length is greater than the thickness of the polymer layer 12. UV radiation is preferably used.
  • a reflector layer under the polymer layer 12 (cf. Figures 3-8 ), so that the object beam is created in back reflection.
  • the object and reference beam are irradiated independently.
  • the thickness of the polymer layer 12 is less than the coherence length of the radiation(s) used, as a result of which standing waves form within the polymer layer 12.
  • the polymer becomes cross-linked, and a periodic mechanical stress field is formed between cross-linked and non-cross-linked areas, with the latter lying at the nodal points of the standing waves.
  • An additional photoinitiator is preferably added to the polymer.
  • the microfibril structure 13 exposed in this way is then exposed according to FIG 3 formed, wherein individual levels of the micro-glasses 13a and the cavities 13b automatically arrange themselves periodically according to the standing wave structure.
  • the polymer layer 12 When it has been exposed and developed in this way, the polymer layer 12 produces a laterally modulated color effect which, in variant 1, is influenced by a lateral structuring of the reflector layer 10 lying underneath during the exposure - even if the polymer layer 12 is used in the security element without a reflector layer 10 lying underneath.
  • FIG. 3A 12 shows an embodiment in which a wide field exposure 16 exposes the entire polymer layer 12 uniformly.
  • An additionally laterally structured reflector layer 10 creates a laterally structured microfibril structure 13 and thus the colorful motif.
  • the substrate 8 on which the polymer layer 12 is located is not shown here or in the following. It can be arranged between the polymer layer 12 and the reflector layer 10 or on the upper side or the side of the polymer layer 12 facing the exposure 16 . In both cases, the substrate 10 must be transparent to the illumination wavelengths required to structure the polymer layer 12 .
  • Figure 3B shows that by using a mask 18, a structured exposure can also take place.
  • the mask 18 blocks the wide-field exposure 16 at individual points, so that light can only strike the polymer layer 12 at the gaps in the mask 18 .
  • light can also only be reflected on the reflector layer in these areas and interfere with the incident light if there is a reflection effect in these illuminated areas.
  • the color effect only occurs at the points where light falls through the mask and is also reflected at the reflector layer.
  • a structuring, z. B. pixelation in the polymer layer 12 this pixelation affects the color.
  • the exposure can also take place with different wavelengths, so that the color tone generated by the polymer layer 12 differs laterally, e.g. with tri-color pixels formed from sub-pixels in primary colors (e.g. red, green, blue).
  • primary colors e.g. red, green, blue
  • several wide-field exposures 16a, 16b are used one after the other at different wavelengths or in different wavelength ranges.
  • the additional lateral structuring is carried out by different masks 18a, 18b, which each act on the corresponding wide-field exposure 16a, 16b.
  • Figure 3C illustrates these sequential exposures in a common representation.
  • the multicolor is not limited to two colors, of course; Equally, three, four or more different exposure steps can also take place, with each exposure step exposing a different partial area of the polymer layer 12 and providing it with a color effect. After being exposed multiple times in this way, the polymer layer 12 is developed by using the solvent in order to form the then laterally structured microfibril structure 13 .
  • the mask remains on the security feature, for example in order to form holograms or other optically variable features in certain areas.
  • a metal layer that exists in certain areas is preferably used as a mask for this purpose. Areas of the mask are preferably removed from the polymer layer after exposure.
  • the mask remaining on the substrate is particularly preferably transparent in the visible spectral range (ie not visible in the end product or at least inconspicuous) and opaque or at least semitransparent in the UV range.
  • the mask consists, for example, of a 50 nm thick layer of TiO 2 . This is largely transparent in the visible range, but shows only very low transmission in the UV range at wavelengths around or below 300 nm.
  • the mask can be separate from the film web.
  • the tilt angle-dependent color effect is also caused by interference when illuminated - possibly even without a reflector layer 10.
  • the microfibrils are formed, with their distance from one another may deviate from the original distance of the antinodes during exposure due to the development process. In this way it is possible that with exposure wavelengths in the UV range after development of the polymer layer the Bragg maxima are in the visible range of the spectrum when observed.
  • An alternative to wide-field exposure is exposure with a rasterized light beam 20 (e.g., from a laser or LED) having the required coherence length and swept across the polymer layer 12 according to a scan pattern 22 .
  • a rasterized light beam 20 e.g., from a laser or LED
  • the wavelength of the laser radiation can be designed differently at the individual locations in order to produce a lateral structuring of the polymer layer 12 with regard to the color effect.
  • additional structuring options allow e.g. B. to provide the reflector layer 10 with a pixel structure for the motif, which is related to the brightness, and by the additional structuring (masks or grid) to provide each pixel with its color-adjusting sub-pixels.
  • the laterally structured reflector layer 10 below the polymer layer 12 can be present both over the entire surface, as in the Figures 2 and 3 is shown, as well as partially.
  • 4 shows a pixelation of the reflector layer 10 consisting of reflector pixels 24 with high reflection and reflector pixels 26 with low reflection or without reflection.
  • the standing wave then only forms at the pixels at which the reflector layer 10 has sufficient reflection, or the intensity depends on the pixel reflectance and/or area coverage. In this way, a colored, rasterized pixel image can be generated.
  • an additional screening of the polymer layer 12 can also result from the exposure, so that this polymer layer has pixels 28 and 30, such as figure 5 shows in which the color impression differs after developing with the solvent. This makes a colorful pixel image possible. Of course, more than two different pixel types are also possible.
  • the principle of Figures 4 and 5 can of course also be combined, like 6 shows.
  • the pixel grid of reflector pixels and polymer layer pixels does not necessarily have to be identical, even if this can be advantageous.
  • a very high pixel density in the reflector layer allows the brightness of an individual color within a color pixel, which is formed by a polymer layer pixel, to be adjusted in a location-dependent manner.
  • the brightness for each color point can be freely selected to create a motif.
  • both the polymer layer 12 and the reflector layer 10 have a pixel structure, with the pixel density in the reflector layer 10 being at least twice the pixel density of the polymer layer 12 .
  • the fact that the reflector layer 10 is responsible for the intensity at one point and the polymer layer 12 for the color can be used particularly favorably.
  • each plateau 32, 34, 36 produces a different color intensity with an otherwise unchanged polymer layer 12.
  • This approach is used in particular with a non-structured polymer layer 12, as is the case, for example, with the wide-field exposure 16 according to Figure 3A is obtained, in order to distribute different color intensities laterally structured.
  • the reflector layer 10 has a relief structure on its side facing the polymer layer 12 .
  • the relief structure is designed in such a way that it reflects a three-dimensional optical impression, for example. Due to the exposure to this reflector layer 10, a corresponding object beam and overall a polymer containing microfibrils then arises, with the microfibrils functioning similarly to the Bragg planes in a volume hologram which also offers a three-dimensional representation from a wide variety of viewing angles.
  • Object beam and reference beam are irradiated as separate beams 42, 44 capable of interference.
  • the object beam 44 does not come from the back reflection of the reference beam, as was the case with variant 1. It is therefore not a reflector layer intended. Rather, the object beam 44 is modulated by an object 46 as in the case of a holographic recording. Alternatively, the modulation is generated by means of optical beam shaping elements (eg DMD or the like).
  • the two (or more) beams can be irradiated from the same or from opposite sides of the polymer layer 12 .
  • Full or at least partial illumination can also be provided by a self-illuminating display or a self-illuminating screen.
  • the display or screen illuminates the entire surface or the polymer in a pattern.
  • the exposure can alternatively also be carried out by lines arranged in a row LEDs are done with the line aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of a roller.
  • the polymer is illuminated directly by the LEDs or by imaging optics between the LEDs and the polymer.
  • the microfibrillation method has the advantage that light can be modulated on micrometer length scales by using DOE/SLM/DMD in combination with LEDs or lasers as the light source. Thus, resolutions of up to 25,000 DPI can be achieved with the microfibrillation process. At the same time, the flexibility of the optical elements allows a high degree of customization. Since the microfibrils that represent the Bragg planes are embedded in the polymer film, no imprints or molds can be made for counterfeiting purposes, which leads to a high level of protection against counterfeiting.
  • Irradiation with light of different wavelengths produces different structural colors. It is thus possible to cover a large color space through additive color mixing of RGB pixels.
  • the exposures could be generated sequentially or simultaneously by a different colored display of the display, monochromatic lasers or LEDs with different emission wavelengths.
  • the polymer film could, for example, be successively covered with different masks 18 and exposed through them with monochromatic radiation ( 3D ).
  • the reflective layer below the polymer can be present both over the entire surface and over part of the surface. If the reflective layer covers the entire surface, the color could be screened pixel by pixel simply by modulating the light source. If the reflective layer is gridded, standing waves only form in the pixels below which there is a reflective layer. It is thus possible to create a grid.
  • the embossed structure can consist of all possible relief structures such as micromirrors, Fresnel-like micromirrors, blazed gratings, moth-eye structures, sub-wavelength gratings, sinusoidal gratings, Manhattan gratings or Aztec structures. Structuring by applying a dark color, for example, is also possible, with the color being applied to the side of the relief structure that faces the illumination. These and other structures can also be arranged next to one another or superimposed. It is thus possible, for example, to suppress the reflection in certain areas by means of moth-eye structures arranged in certain areas or other light-absorbing structures and not to produce any microfibrils in the polymer layer in these areas.
  • the Reliefmaster can either
  • the use of the pixel image is also advantageous for security features with micro-imaging elements such as micro-lenses, where the pixel image can function as a microstructure image in the focal plane of the micro-imaging elements.
  • the use of the pixel image also makes sense for security features with micro-imaging elements such as micro-lenses. This would enable an upgrading of microlens features that already exist in the banknote market, since these have only been monochromatic to date.
  • volume holograms that are produced using the microfibrillation process are referred to as microfibrillation holograms.
  • a photoresist can be replaced by the polymer film, e.g. commercially available polymers to which small amounts of photoinitiators have been added.
  • the production process is otherwise identical to the usual production of volume holograms by exposure to interfering rays.
  • the hologram can be recorded in all the forms already described, such as B. as a reflection, transmission or Denisjuk hologram.
  • the hologram can also be produced without using a physical object. So the object beam can be generated by using an SLM or DMD (reflection hologram only).

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  • Holo Graphy (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité (4) pour produire des documents de valeur, tels que des billets de banque (2), des chèques ou analogues, le procédé de fabrication comportant les étapes suivantes :
    - fournir un film polymère (12) et
    - former une structure de micro-fibrilles (13), structurées latéralement, dans le film polymère (12) par action d'ondes lumineuses stationnaires (16, 16, 16b) par interférence d'un rayonnement de référence avec un rayonnement objet modulé pour former une réticulation, dépendant du lieu, dans le film polymère (12) et par développement avec un solvant de sorte que le film polymère (12) produise un motif coloré optiquement variable dans une vue de dessus de l'élément de sécurité (4).
  2. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre les étapes suivantes :
    - produire une couche réfléchissante (10) située sous le film polymère (12) qui comporte une structuration latérale en termes de degré de réflexion et/ou de profilage, et
    - émettre un rayonnement d'une longueur de cohérence supérieure à une épaisseur de film polymère sur le film polymère pour former la structure de micro-fibrilles (13), structurées latéralement, le rayonnement de référence étant formé par le rayonnement incident et le rayonnement objet étant formé par le rayonnement réfléchi par la couche réfléchissante.
  3. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 2, la structuration latérale de la couche réfléchissante (10) étant conçue sous la forme d'une structure pixellisée à l'origine de l'image pixellisée.
  4. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 2 ou 3, la couche réfléchissante (10) fournie de manière modulée latéralement de façon à comporter des portions ayant des degrés de réflexion différents.
  5. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 2 ou 3, la structure en micro-fibrilles (13) étant structurée latéralement en termes de couleur générée par elle, notamment sous la forme d'une structure pixellisée.
  6. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, la couche réfléchissante (10) est conçue avec une structure en relief afin d'effectuer une structuration latérale en termes de profilage.
  7. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 6, la structure en relief comportant l'une au moins des structures suivantes :
    - des plateaux (32, 34, 36) à différents niveaux de hauteur,
    - des micro-miroirs,
    - une structure en réseau blazé,
    - une structure de Fresnel,
    - une structure en réseau sinusoïdal,
    - des colonnes de différentes hauteurs,
    - un réseau d'échelons à flancs droits ou inclinés,
    - des structures en œil de papillon de nuit et
    - des structures de sous-longueur d'onde ayant des bords nets ou arrondis.
  8. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, le film polymère (12) étant irradié de manière à ce que la structure en micro-fibrilles (13), structurée latéralement, fournisse une image multicolore, de préférence une image pixellisée.
  9. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, la couche réfléchissante (10) étant retirée après la formation de la structure en micro-fibrilles (13) structurée latéralement.
  10. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, pour former la structure en micro-fibrilles (13), structurée latéralement, le film polymère (12) étant irradié par deux faisceaux aptes à interférer entre eux, dont l'un forme le faisceau de référence et l'autre est modulée et forme le faisceau objet de sorte que la structure en micro-fibrilles (13), structurée latéralement, fournisse un hologramme volumique.
  11. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, la structure en microfibrilles (13) est structurée dans le film polymère (10), perpendiculairement à la surface du film polymère (10), en termes d'épaisseurs de couche des couches individuelles de la structure en micro-fibrilles (13).
  12. Élément de sécurité destiné à la protection de documents de valeur, tels que des billets de banque (2), des chèques ou analogues, comprenant une structure en microfibrilles structurée (13) réalisée par un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  13. Élément de sécurité selon la revendication 12, la structure en micro-fibrilles (13), structurées latéralement, fournissant un hologramme volumique.
EP20775818.6A 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité et élément de sécurité Active EP4031380B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019006653.7A DE102019006653A1 (de) 2019-09-20 2019-09-20 Herstellverfahren für ein Sicherheitselement und Sicherheitselement
DE102019008021.1A DE102019008021A1 (de) 2019-11-19 2019-11-19 Herstellverfahren für ein Sicherheitselement und Sicherheitselement
PCT/EP2020/025418 WO2021052630A1 (fr) 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité et élément de sécurité

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EP4031380A1 EP4031380A1 (fr) 2022-07-27
EP4031380B1 true EP4031380B1 (fr) 2023-07-26

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DE102020004231A1 (de) * 2020-07-14 2022-01-20 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Pigment zum Erzeugen einer Druckfarbe und Herstellverfahren für das Pigment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2452066B (en) * 2007-08-23 2012-05-30 Ver Tec Security Systems Ltd Security holograms
DE102009008853A1 (de) * 2009-02-13 2010-08-19 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Durchsichtssicherheitselement
DE102010049600A1 (de) * 2010-10-26 2012-01-19 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement mit optisch variablem Flächenmuster
DE102012004195A1 (de) * 2012-03-01 2013-09-05 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wertdokuments und daraus erhältliches Wertdokument
DE102012008932A1 (de) * 2012-05-04 2013-11-07 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Wertdokumente mit Schutzbeschichtung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE102014004941A1 (de) * 2014-04-04 2015-10-08 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement für Sicherheitspapiere, Wertdokumente oder dergleichen
CN104988798B (zh) * 2015-07-24 2017-06-06 中国人民银行印制科学技术研究所 一种防伪纤维及其制备方法
AU2016100402B4 (en) * 2016-04-13 2017-08-17 Ccl Secure Pty Ltd Micro-optic device with integrated focusing element and image element structure
DE102016010078A1 (de) * 2016-08-18 2018-02-22 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Optisch variables Sicherheitselement mit Dünnschichtelement
DE102016012625A1 (de) * 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselements
CN107379814B (zh) * 2017-08-31 2018-04-13 霍辰尧 防伪文件及其制造方法和安全票证

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CN114423619B (zh) 2023-07-25
CN114423619A (zh) 2022-04-29
WO2021052630A1 (fr) 2021-03-25
EP4031380A1 (fr) 2022-07-27

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