Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
  • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
  • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
  • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
  • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
  • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
  • H05H1/3421—Transferred arc or pilot arc mode
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
  • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
  • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
  • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
  • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
  • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
  • B23K10/006—Control circuits therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
  • B23K9/26—Accessories for electrodes, e.g. ignition tips
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
  • B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
  • B23K9/285—Cooled electrode holders
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
  • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
  • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
  • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
  • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
  • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
  • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
  • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
  • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
  • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
  • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
  • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
  • H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
  • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
  • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
  • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
  • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
  • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
  • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a wearing part for an arc torch, plasma torch or plasma cutting torch and an arc torch, plasma torch and plasma cutting torch with the same and a method for plasma cutting and a method for producing an electrode for an arc torch, plasma torch or plasma cutting torch.
• Arc torches and plasma torches are usually used for the thermal processing of materials of various types, such as metallic and non-metallic materials, such.
• a TIG torch can be an arc torch. However, this does not have a nozzle like a plasma torch. Nevertheless, the electrodes of an arc torch and a plasma torch can be designed identically.
• Plasma torches usually consist essentially of a torch body, an electrode, a nozzle and a holder for it. Modern plasma torches also have a nozzle protection cap attached over the nozzle. Often a nozzle is fixed by means of a nozzle cap.
• the components that wear out due to the high thermal load caused by the arc when the plasma torch is in operation are, depending on the plasma torch type, in particular the electrode, the nozzle, the nozzle cap, the nozzle protection cap, the nozzle protection cap holder and the plasma gas routing and secondary gas routing parts. These components can easily be changed by an operator and can therefore be referred to as wearing parts.
• the plasma torches are connected via lines to a power source and a gas supply that supply the plasma torch. Furthermore, the plasma torch can be connected to a cooling device for a cooling medium, such as, for example, a cooling liquid.
• High thermal loads occur particularly with plasma cutting torches. This is due to the strong constriction of the plasma jet through the nozzle bore. Small bores are used here so that high current densities of 50 to 150 A / mm 2 in the nozzle bore, high energy densities of approx. 2x1o 6 W / cm 2 and high temperatures of up to 30,000 K are generated. Furthermore, higher gas pressures, usually up to 12 bar, are used in the plasma cutting torch. The combination of high temperature and high kinetic energy of the plasma gas flowing through the nozzle bore cause the workpiece to melt and the melt to be expelled. A kerf is created and the workpiece is separated. In plasma cutting, oxidizing gases are often used to cut unalloyed or low-alloy steels and non-oxidizing gases are used to cut high-alloyed steels or non-ferrous metals.
• a plasma gas flows between the electrode and the nozzle.
• the plasma gas is guided through a gas guide part (plasma gas guide part).
• plasma gas guide part This allows the plasma gas to be directed in a targeted manner. It is often set in rotation about the electrode by a radial and / or axial offset of the openings in the plasma gas guide part.
• the plasma gas guide part consists of an electrically insulating material, since the electrode and the nozzle must be electrically isolated from one another. This is necessary because the electrode and the nozzle have different electrical potentials during operation of the plasma cutting torch. To operate the plasma cutting torch, an arc is generated between the electrode and the nozzle and / or the workpiece, which ionizes the plasma gas.
• a high voltage can be applied between the electrode and the nozzle, which pre-ionizes the path between the electrode and the nozzle and thus creates an arc.
• the arc burning between the electrode and the nozzle is also known as the pilot arc.
• the pilot arc emerges through the nozzle bore and hits the workpiece and ionizes the path to the workpiece. This allows the arc to develop between the electrode and the workpiece. This arc is also known as the main arc.
• the pilot arc can be switched off during the main arc. However, it can also continue to be operated. During plasma cutting, this is often switched off so as not to put additional stress on the nozzle.
• the electrode and the nozzle are subject to high thermal loads and must be cooled. At the same time, they must also conduct the electrical current that is required to form the arc. Therefore, good heat and good electrically conductive materials, usually metals, for example copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron or alloys in which at least one of these metals is contained, are used.
• the electrode often consists of an electrode holder and an emission insert made of a material that has a high melting temperature (> 2000 ° C) and a lower electron work function than the electrode holder.
• non-oxidizing plasma gases such as argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium and mixtures thereof, tungsten
• oxidizing gases such as oxygen, air and mixtures thereof, nitrogen-oxygen mixtures and Mixtures with other gases, hafnium or zirconium.
• the high-temperature material can be fitted into an electrode holder, which consists of a material with good heat and good electrical conductivity, for example, it can be pressed in with a form fit and / or force fit.
• the electrode and nozzle can be cooled by gas, for example the plasma gas or a secondary gas, which flows along the outside of the nozzle.
• gas for example the plasma gas or a secondary gas
• a liquid for example water
• the electrode and / or the nozzle are often cooled directly with the liquid, ie the liquid is in direct contact with the electrode and / or the nozzle.
• a nozzle cap is located around the nozzle, the inner surface of which forms a coolant space with the outer surface of the nozzle, in which the coolant flows.
• nozzle protection cap outside the nozzle and / or the nozzle cap.
• the inner surface of the nozzle protection cap and the outer surface of the nozzle or the nozzle cap form a space through which a secondary or protective gas flows.
• the secondary or protective gas emerges from the bore of the nozzle protection cap and envelops the plasma jet and ensures a defined atmosphere around it.
• the secondary gas protects the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap from arcs that can develop between it and the workpiece. These are known as double arcs and can damage the nozzle.
• the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap are heavily stressed by hot spraying of material.
• the secondary gas the volume flow of which during piercing can be increased compared to the value during cutting, keeps the sprayed material away from the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap and thus protects against damage.
• the nozzle protection cap is also subject to high thermal loads and must be cooled. Therefore, good heat and good electrically conductive materials, usually metals, for example copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron or alloys in which at least one of these metals is contained, are used.
• metals for example copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron or alloys in which at least one of these metals is contained, are used.
• the electrode and the nozzle can also be cooled indirectly. They stand with a component that is made of a good heat and good electrically conductive material, usually a metal, for example copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, or iron Alloys, in which at least one of these metals is contained, consists in contact by touch. This component is in turn cooled directly, ie it is in direct contact with the mostly flowing coolant. These components can simultaneously serve as a holder or receptacle for the electrode, the nozzle, the nozzle cap or the nozzle protection cap and dissipate the heat and supply the current.
• a component that is made of a good heat and good electrically conductive material usually a metal, for example copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, or iron Alloys, in which at least one of these metals is contained, consists in contact by touch.
• This component is in turn cooled directly, ie it is in direct contact with the mostly flowing coolant.
• These components can simultaneously serve as a holder
• the nozzle protection cap is usually only cooled by the secondary gas. Arrangements are also known in which the secondary gas cap is cooled directly or indirectly by a cooling liquid.
• the high energy density and high temperatures cause high loads on the wear parts. This applies in particular to the electrode, the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap.
• the emission insert made of high-melting material, such as. B. tungsten, hafnium, in a highly thermally conductive material such. B. copper or silver to use, often do not achieve sufficient results.
• the lifetimes are often too short.
• the emission insert wears out during operation, i.e. when the arc or plasma jet is burning. Little by little it burns back. If it has burned back by more than 1 mm, the use of copper as the material for the electrode holder often leads to sudden failure of the entire electrode.
• the arc or plasma jet then transfers from the emission insert to the holder and destroys it.
• the nozzle is also destroyed.
• the entire burner can even be destroyed.
• silver as the material for the electrode holder, the electrode can often burn back up to 1.5 mm before failure occurs.
• the aim of the invention is to improve the service life of wearing parts such.
• the present invention provides a wearing part according to claim 1, an arc torch according to claim 19, a plasma torch or plasma cutting torch according to claim 20 and a method for plasma cutting according to claim 21, a method for plasma cutting according to claim 23 and a method for producing an electrode for an arc torch or a plasma torch according to claim 25.
• the proportion of silver is at least 60%, advantageously at least 80%, even better at least 92%, best 97% of the volume or the mass of the wearing part or the part or the area.
• the proportion of zirconium and / or hafnium is a minimum of 0.05%, better a minimum of 0.5%, best of all a minimum of 1% of the volume or the mass of the wear part or of the part or of the area.
• the proportion of zirconium and / or hafnium is a maximum of 5%, better still a maximum of 2% of the volume or the mass of the wear part or the part or the area.
• the proportion remaining to 100% of the volume or the mass of the wear part or of the part or of the area is advantageously made up of at least 60% of copper.
• the wearing part is an electrode for an arc torch.
• the electrode has a front and a rear end, extends along a longitudinal axis M and has at least one emission insert at the front end as well as an electrode holder and possibly a holding element for the emission insert.
• At least a partial section of an inner surface of the electrode holder or an inner surface of the holding element, which is in contact with the emission insert, consists of said alloy.
• At least a partial section of a front surface, which adjoins the front surface of the emission insert, has said alloy.
• At least a section of a front surface, which adjoins the front surface of the emission insert, has said alloy.
• said subsection of the front surface extends at least 0.5 mm, better at least 1 mm, radially outward.
• the volume or mass of the emission insert consists of hafnium or zirconium or tungsten.
• the wear part is a nozzle with at least one nozzle opening.
• At least a partial section of an inner surface of the nozzle opening has said alloy.
• the alloy extends radially outwards at least from the partial section of the inner surface of the nozzle opening at least 0.5 mm, better at least 1 mm.
• the wear part is a nozzle protection cap with at least one nozzle protection cap opening.
• At least a partial section of an inner surface of the nozzle protection cap opening has said alloy.
• the alloy extends radially outward at least from the partial section of the inner surface of the nozzle protection cap opening at least 0.5 mm, better at least 1 mm.
• the electrode and / or the nozzle and / or the nozzle protection cap is / are cooled with a liquid medium.
• the limit value for the burn-back is at least 2.0 mm, better still at least 2.3 mm.
• the life of the wearing parts, in particular the electrode, is extended by the discovery.
• the emissions used can burn back further. In tests, up to 2.5 mm was achieved. It was also found that the pilot arc was ignited from this burnback depth is often no longer possible and thus destruction of the cathode during cutting can be prevented.
• FIG. 1 a sectional view of a plasma torch according to a particular embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 2 a sectional view of an electrode of the plasma torch from FIG. 1;
• FIG. 2.1 a view of the electrode from FIG. 2 from the front;
• FIG. 2.2 a sectional view of an electrode holder of the plasma torch from FIG. 1;
• FIG. 2.3 a further sectional view of the electrode of the plasma torch from FIG. 1;
• FIG. 2.4 a sectional view of an emission insert of the electrode from FIG. 2;
• FIG. 3 a sectional view of an electrode according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 3.1 a view of the electrode from FIG. 3 from the front
• FIG. 3.2 a sectional view of an electrode holder of the electrode from FIG. 3;
• FIG. 3.3 a view of a holding element of the electrode from FIG. 3 from the front;
• FIG. 3.4 a side view of the holding element from FIG. 3.3;
• FIG. 4 a sectional view of an electrode according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 4.1 a view of the electrode from FIG. 4 from the front
• FIG. 4.2 a sectional view of an electrode holder of the electrode from FIG. 4;
• FIG. 4.3 a sectional view of a holding element of the electrode from FIG.
• FIG. 5 a sectional view of an electrode according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 5.1 a view of the electrode from FIG. 5 from the front
• FIG. 5.2 a sectional view of an electrode holder of the electrode from FIG. 5
• FIG. 5.3 a sectional view of a holding element of the electrode from FIG.
• FIG. 6 a sectional view of a nozzle according to a particular embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 6.1 a further sectional view of the nozzle from FIG. 6;
• FIG. 7 a sectional view of a nozzle protection cap according to a particular embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 7.1 a sectional view of the nozzle protection cap from Figure 7.
• the plasma cutting torch 1 shows a sectional view of a plasma cutting torch 1 (but it could also be an arc torch or a plasma torch.) According to a particular embodiment of the present invention with a nozzle cap 2, a plasma gas duct 3, a nozzle 4 according to a particular embodiment of the present invention with nozzle opening 4.1, a nozzle holder 5, an electrode holder 6 and an electrode 7 according to a particular embodiment of the present invention.
• the electrode 7 comprises an electrode holder 7.1 and an emission insert 7.3 with a length Li of 3 mm, for example (see FIG. 2.4).
• the plasma cutting torch 1 further comprises a nozzle protection cap holder 8, to which a nozzle protection cap 9 according to a particular embodiment of the present invention with a nozzle protection cap opening 9.1 is attached.
• a secondary gas duct 10 also belongs to the plasma cutting torch 1. Secondary gas SG is supplied through the secondary gas duct 10. In addition, there is a feed for plasma gas PG, coolant return lines WRi and WR2 and coolant feed lines WVi and WV2 on the plasma cutting torch 1.
• An arc or plasma jet burns during operation when cutting between the emission insert 7.3 of the electrode 7, flows through the nozzle opening 4.1 and the nozzle protection cap opening 9.1 and is thereby constricted before it hits a workpiece (not shown).
• the inner surface of the nozzle opening 4.1 is with the reference number 4.2 and that of the nozzle protection cap opening 9.1 with the reference number 9.2.
• FIGS. 2 and 2.1 show the electrode 7 from FIG. 1, FIG. 2 being a sectional view through the electrode 7 and FIG. 2.1 being the view A of the front end of the electrode 7.
• the electrode 7 has a front end 7.1.8 and a rear end 7.1.9.
• the electrode 7 comprises the electrode holder 7.1, which is shown in Figure 2.2, and the emission insert 7.3.
• the emission insert 7.3 is in a hole 7.1.5 with a diameter Di of z. B. 1.8 mm (-0.05) of the electrode holder 7.1 pressed in.
• the bore 7.1.5 has an inner surface 7.1.3 which is in contact with the outer jacket surface 7.3.2 of the emission insert 7.3 through contact.
• the electrode holder 7.1 consists, for example, of an alloy of silver, copper and zirconium. The proportions of the mass are distributed as follows, for example: silver 97%, zirconium 2%, copper 1%.
• the alloy has been used here as an example for the entire electrode holder 7.1. There is also the possibility that the alloy is only present in a part or an area of the electrode holder 7.1. This is then preferably the case at least on the inner surface 7.1.3 of the electrode holder 7.1. This area then preferably extends radially outward from the inner surface at least 0.5 mm. It is even better if the area extends radially outward by at least 1 mm. This can e.g. B. be realized in such a way that the zirconium content and / or the silver content is reduced radially outwards and the copper content increases.
• the mass of the emission insert 7.3 preferably consists of at least 97% hafnium.
• FIG. 3 shows an electrode 7 according to a further particular embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 being a sectional view through the electrode 7 and FIG. 3.1 being the view A of the front end 7.1.8 of the electrode 7.
• the electrode 7 has a front end 7.1.8 and a rear end 7.1.9.
• the electrode 7 comprises an electrode holder 7.1, which is shown in FIG. 3.1, a holding element 7.2, which is shown in FIGS. 3.3 and 3.4, and an emission insert 7.3.
• the emission insert 7.3 is pressed into a bore 7.2.1 with a diameter D5 of the holding element 7.2.
• the bore 7.2.1 has an inner surface 7.2.3 which is in contact with the outer jacket surface 7.3.2 of the emission insert 7.3 through contact.
• the holding element 7.2 is pressed into the bore 7.1.5 of the electrode holder 7.1.
• the bore has an inner surface 7.1.3 which is in contact with the outer jacket surface 7.2.2 of the holding element.
• the holding element 7.2 here consists, for example, of an alloy of silver, copper and zirconium.
• the proportions of the mass are distributed as follows, for example: silver 97%, zirconium 2%, copper 1%.
• the alloy has been used here as an example for the entire holding element 7.2.
• the holding element 7.2 has a diameter D3 of, for example, 4 mm
• the emission insert 7.3 has a diameter D7 (see FIG. 2.4) of, for example, 1.8 mm. This results in a wall thickness of the holding element of 1.1 mm and thus also a front circular ring surface 7.2.5, which extends 1.1 mm radially outward.
• the alloy is only present in a part or an area of the holding element 7.2. This is then preferably the case at least on the inner surface 7.2.3 of the holding element 7.2. This area then preferably extends at least 0.5 mm radially outward from the inner surface 7.2.3. It is even better if the area extends radially outward by at least 1 mm. This can e.g. B. be realized in such a way that the zirconium content and / or the silver content is reduced radially outwards and the copper content increases.
• the electrode holder 7.1 consists at least of a material with good electrical conductivity, in this example 90% of its mass is made of copper.
• the mass of the emission insert preferably consists of at least 97% hafnium.
• FIG. 4 shows an electrode 7 according to a further particular embodiment of the invention, FIG. 4 being a sectional view through the electrode 7 and FIG. 4.1 being the view A of the front end 7.1.8 of the electrode 7.
• the electrode 7 has a front end 7.1.8 and a rear end 7.1.9.
• the electrode 7 comprises an electrode holder 7.1, which is shown in FIG. 4.2, a holding element 7.2, which is shown in FIG. 4.3, and an emission insert 7.3.
• the emission insert 7.3 is introduced into a bore 7.2.1 with a diameter D5 of the holding element 7.2.
• the bore 7.2.1 of the holding element 7.2 has an inner surface 7.2.3 which is in contact with the outer jacket surface 7.3.2 of the emission insert 7.3 through contact.
• the holding element 7.2 is pressed into a bore 7.1.5 of the electrode holder 7.1.
• the bore 7.1.5 has an inner surface 7.1.3 which is in contact with the outer jacket surface 7.2.2 of the holding element 7.2 by contact.
• the holding element 7.2 can, for. B. by force fit, form fit, but also by a thermal joining process, such as soldering, welding, in particular laser soldering, laser welding, arc soldering, arc welding, vacuum soldering, vacuum laser welding or electron beam welding, be connected to the electrode holder 7.1. It is particularly advantageous if the welding or soldering takes place from the rear end 7.1.9 and a seam (weld seam, solder seam) 7.4 is located in a cavity 7.1.7 extending to the rear end.
• Diffusion welding is also advantageous as a joining method; pressure and temperature are used here. If thermal joining, such as. B. soldering or welding, the holding element 7.2 to the electrode holder 7.1 takes place from the direction of the cavity 7.1.7, this has the following advantages over thermal joining from the front, for example:
• the holding element 7.2 here consists, for example, of an alloy of silver, copper and zirconium.
• the proportions of the mass are distributed as follows, for example: silver 97%, zirconium 2%, copper 1%.
• the alloy has been used here as an example for the entire holding element 7.2.
• the holding element 7.2 has a diameter D3 of 6 mm, for example, and the emission insert 7.3 has a diameter D7 of 1.8 mm, for example. This results in a wall thickness of the holding element 7.2 of 2.1 mm and thus also a front circular ring surface 7.2.5, which extends 2.1 mm radially outward.
• the alloy is only present in a part or an area of the holding element 7.2. This is then preferably the case at least on the inner surface 7.2.3 of the holding element 7.2. This area then preferably extends radially outward from the inner surface at least 0.5 mm. It is even better if the area extends radially outward by at least 1 mm. This can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the zirconium content and / or the silver content is reduced radially outward and the copper content increases.
• the electrode holder 7.1 consists at least of a material with good electrical conductivity, in this example 90% of its mass is made of copper.
• FIG. 5 shows an electrode 7 according to a further particular embodiment, FIG. 5 being a sectional view through the electrode 7 and FIG. 5.1 being the view A of the front end 7.1.8 of the electrode.
• the electrode 7 has a front end 7.1.8 and a rear end 7.1.9.
• the electrode 7 comprises an electrode holder 7.1, which is shown in FIG. 5.2, a holding element 7.2, which is shown in FIG. 5.3, and an emission insert 7.3.
• the emission insert 7.3 is introduced into a bore 7.2.1 with a diameter D5 of the holding element 7.2.
• the bore of the holding element 7.2 has an inner surface 7.2.3, which is in contact with the outer jacket surface 7.3.2 of the emission insert.
• the holding element 7.2 is attached to the cylindrical section on the outer surface 7.1.1 of the electrode holder 7.1.
• the holding element 7.2 can, for. B. by force fit, form fit, but also by a thermal joining process, such as soldering, welding, in particular laser soldering, laser welding, arc soldering, arc welding, vacuum soldering, or vacuum laser welding
• Electron beam welding be connected to the electrode holder 7.1. It is particularly advantageous if the welding or soldering is carried out from the rear end 7.19 and a seam (weld seam, solder seam) 7.4 is located in a cavity 7.1.7 extending to the rear end. Diffusion welding is also advantageous as a joining method. Pressure and temperature are used here.
• the holding element 7.2 here consists, for example, of an alloy of silver, copper and zirconium.
• the proportions of the mass are distributed as follows, for example: silver 97%, zirconium 2%, copper 1%.
• the alloy has been used here as an example for the entire holding element 7.2.
• the holding element 7.2 has a diameter D3 of, for example, 10 mm
• the emission insert has a diameter D7 of, for example, 1.8 mm.
• the alloy is only present in a part or an area of the holding element 7.2. This is then preferably the case at least on the inner surface 7.2.3 of the holding element 7.2.
• This area then preferably extends radially outward from the inner surface at least 0.5 mm. It is even better if the area extends radially outward by at least 1 mm.
• the electrode holder 7.1 consists at least of a material with good electrical conductivity, in this example 90% of its mass is made of copper.
• the mass of the emission insert preferably consists of at least 97% hafnium.
• FIG. 6 shows a nozzle 4 according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, which is used by way of example in the plasma torch 1 from FIG.
• This nozzle 4 can consist entirely of an alloy of silver and zirconium, of silver and hafnium or of silver and zirconium and hafnium. However, it is essential that the area of the nozzle that can come into contact with the plasma jet or the arc is made of this material. This is the inner surface 4.2 of the nozzle 4. This can be done, for example, by fastening a nozzle insert 4.4 made of said material in a nozzle holder 4.3. This is shown as an example in Figure 6.1.
• the nozzle 4 in FIG. 6 and the nozzle cap insert 4.4 in FIG. 6.1 consist of an alloy of silver, copper and zirconium.
• the proportions of the mass are distributed as follows, for example: silver 97%, zirconium 2%, copper 1%.
• the alloy has been used here for the entire nozzle 4 as an example.
• the nozzle insert 4.4 can, for. B. by force fit, form fit, but also by a thermal joining process, such as soldering, welding, in particular laser soldering, Laser welding, arc soldering, arc welding, vacuum soldering, vacuum laser welding or electron beam welding can be connected to the nozzle holder 4.3. Diffusion welding is also advantageous as a joining method. Pressure and temperature are used here.
• FIG. 7 shows the nozzle protection cap 9 according to FIG. 1.
• This nozzle protection cap 9 can consist entirely of, for example, an alloy of silver and zirconium, of silver and hafnium or of silver and zirconium and hafnium. However, it is essential that the area of the nozzle that can come into contact with the plasma jet or the arc is made of this material. This is the inner surface 9.2 of the nozzle protection cap 9. This can be done, for example, by fastening a nozzle protection cap insert 9.4 made of said material in a nozzle protection cap holder 9.3. This is shown as an example in FIG. 7.1.
• the nozzle protection cap 9 in FIG. 7 and the nozzle protection cap insert 7.1 in FIG. 7.1 consist of an alloy of silver, copper and zirconium.
• the proportions of the mass are distributed as follows, for example: silver 97%, zirconium 2%, copper 1%.
• the alloy has been used here as an example for the entire protective nozzle cap 9.
• the nozzle protection cap insert 9.4 can, for. B. by force fit, form fit, but also by a thermal joining process, such as soldering, welding, in particular laser soldering, laser welding, arc soldering, arc welding, vacuum soldering, vacuum laser welding or electron beam welding with the nozzle cap holder 9.3. Diffusion welding is also advantageous as a joining method. Pressure and temperature are used here.

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• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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• Arc Welding In General (AREA)
• Plasma Technology (AREA)

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• 2020
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