EP4023938A1 - Agencement de brûleur pour un brûleur à prémélange - Google Patents

Agencement de brûleur pour un brûleur à prémélange Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4023938A1
EP4023938A1 EP21214581.7A EP21214581A EP4023938A1 EP 4023938 A1 EP4023938 A1 EP 4023938A1 EP 21214581 A EP21214581 A EP 21214581A EP 4023938 A1 EP4023938 A1 EP 4023938A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
combustion chamber
area
mixture
inlet area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21214581.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4023938B1 (fr
EP4023938C0 (fr
Inventor
Hendrik Gevers
Markus Polus
Stefan Schweitzer-de Bortoli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4023938A1 publication Critical patent/EP4023938A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4023938B1 publication Critical patent/EP4023938B1/fr
Publication of EP4023938C0 publication Critical patent/EP4023938C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/10—Premixing fluegas with fuel and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/09002—Specific devices inducing or forcing flue gas recirculation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F23D2203/1012—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14241—Post-mixing with swirling means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14701—Swirling means inside the mixing tube or chamber to improve premixing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/31019—Mixing tubes and burner heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner arrangement for a premix burner, in particular for a heating device.
  • Modern heaters are operated with a mixture of air and fuel gas.
  • air mixed with a suitable proportion of fuel gas is conveyed by a blower into a burner which has outlet openings for the mixture, which is burned in a combustion chamber after exiting the burner.
  • the mixture is controlled very precisely to avoid the formation of pollutants, so that combustion can take place as completely as possible.
  • the resulting combustion gases contain little oxygen, but depending on the fuel gas, water vapour, carbon dioxide and mainly nitrogen. Small amounts of nitrogen oxides, referred to below as NOX, can also be produced during combustion, which is undesirable but cannot be entirely avoided, especially at high combustion temperatures. Particularly high combustion temperatures occur with certain combustible gases, with z. B.
  • a burner typically used for such devices today has a burner body which is attached to or in a wall of a combustion chamber (usually in a door or service hatch) and protrudes into the combustion chamber.
  • a burner body is often, but not necessarily, designed to be rotationally symmetrical, in particular cylindrical, with respect to a longitudinal axis. Its lateral surface delimits an interior space.
  • the mixture of air and combustible gas is supplied to an inlet area of the interior of the burner body and blown out of an outlet area with many outlet openings into the combustion chamber, where it burns and releases the resulting heat to heat exchanger surfaces.
  • flow-influencing elements can be arranged in the interior of the burner body, in particular in the inlet area.
  • vanes or similar elements for swirl generation and / or turbulence can be arranged or a static mixer such.
  • the combustion temperature should be lowered, which is particularly important for future fuels containing hydrogen or pure hydrogen.
  • a burner arrangement according to claim 1 serves to solve this problem.
  • Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • the burner arrangement proposed here for a premix burner has a burner body to which a mixture of air and fuel gas can be supplied, which is attached to or in a wall of a combustion chamber, protrudes into it and has outlet openings in the combustion chamber for the mixture to exit.
  • the burner body has an interior space with an inlet area and an outlet area, with the interior space in the inlet area having at least one element for generating swirl or turbulence, so that when the mixture flows through in the inlet area, a lower internal pressure occurs than in the outlet area and than in the combustion chamber, and connection openings to the combustion chamber are present in the inlet area.
  • the area in which an element for such a flow influencing is located is counted here and in the following as part of the entry area.
  • the static pressure behaves in a flow-through system vice versa to the flow speed, which in turn depends on the flow cross-section with the volume flow remaining the same, so that there is a higher static pressure in areas with slow flow than in areas with fast flow.
  • the present invention makes use of this in order to suck in combustion gases from the combustion chamber during operation of the burner into the interior of the burner body and add them to the mixture there. For various reasons, this leads to a lower combustion temperature and thus to a lower production of pollutants, in particular NOX.
  • combustion gases contain little oxygen, i.e. can be considered almost inert, this lowers the combustion temperature and reduces the formation of pollutants, although the combustion gases, after some cooling by heat exchange during recirculation, are still at a higher temperature than the rest of the mixture.
  • One element for creating a swirl or turbulence is sufficient to create a sufficient pressure difference.
  • the entry area in the axial direction is usually very short, e.g. B. 3 mm to 20 mm [millimeters], preferably 5 mm to 10 mm, the area occupied by the element for influencing the flow is also included in the entry area.
  • the entry area has a smaller flow cross section than the exit area. This leads to a faster flow with the same volume flow as in the outlet area with a larger cross section and thus to a pressure difference that can be used for exhaust gas recirculation. Since the pressure in the combustion chamber, at least in most heaters, is close to atmospheric pressure (1 bar), small constrictions in the cross section of the inlet area are sufficient for exhaust gas recirculation, in particular constrictions with a cross-sectional area that is 5 to 30% less than that of the exit area.
  • the proportion of recirculated combustion gases depends on the size of the restriction (and/or the design of elements for flow control) and an effective total cross-sectional area of the connection openings. This can be between 2% and 20% [percent by volume] of the mixture exiting at the outlet openings, preferably between 5% and 10%.
  • the entry area preferably forms approximately 2% to 20%, in particular 5% to 10%, of the axial length of the interior space and has a lateral surface which is formed predominantly from connection openings. Since only a small pressure difference can be utilized between the combustion chamber and the inlet area, it is important for the intake of a quantity of exhaust gases that sufficiently influences the combustion temperature that the connection openings have a sufficiently large effective cross-sectional area. This depends not only on the number of connection openings and their individual cross-sectional areas, but also on their shape. It is therefore desirable to provide as many and / or large connection openings, as far as the Size of the entry area allows this and the stability of the torch body is not affected.
  • connection openings particularly preferably form a kind of annular gap (at least one or, if necessary, also several) which is interrupted by retaining webs which carry the rest of the torch body.
  • annular gap can have an axial width of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, in particular 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • such a burner may draw in additional air from the combustion chamber (in which there may not yet be any combustion gases) when starting, as a result of which the mixture intended for ignition is leaner than without recirculation.
  • this can be compensated for by adjusting the mixture to a correspondingly richer level during the ignition process or by other measures with the same effect, in order to ensure reliable ignition.
  • a premix burner 4 which can be supplied with a mixture of air and fuel from a system that is not shown, has a burner body 5 that protrudes into the combustion chamber 1 in an axial direction (see arrow).
  • the burner body 5 has an interior space 6 which is composed of an entry area 7 and an exit area 8 .
  • In the outlet area 8 there are numerous outlet openings 9 through which the mixture can flow into the combustion chamber 1, where it is burned to form combustion gases.
  • an element 11 for influencing the flow in the present example a swirl generator.
  • connection openings 10 preferably have the largest possible cross-sectional area overall in order to be able to recirculate as many combustion gases as possible. Since the inlet area 7 is usually only a few millimeters long in the axial direction, not much lateral surface 12 is available, so that the connection openings 10 take up a large part of it, although the stability of the torch body 5 must be maintained. A kind of annular gap 13 as a connecting opening 10 is favorable, with this being interrupted by (as narrow and/or as few as possible) holding webs 14 because of the stability of the burner body.
  • this annular gap 13 can be approximately at the same axial position as the element 11 . It can be formed all around the torch body 5 with a width (in the axial direction) of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, being interrupted by three to ten holding webs 14, which have a width (in the circumferential direction ) from 1 mm to 10 mm. Not shown, but usable individually or together with the described system is a narrowing of the cross section of the inlet area 7, which leads to an (additionally) reduced pressure and enables or supports the described recirculation of combustion gases. Admixtures of combustion gases to the mixture of air and fuel gas reduce the production of pollutants, especially NOX, depending on their proportion.
  • the present invention enables the combustion temperature to be reduced by simple structural changes to the burner of a heating device and thus a reduction in the emission of pollutants from heating devices, in particular those that are operated with hydrogen or fuel gases containing hydrogen.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP21214581.7A 2021-01-04 2021-12-15 Agencement de brûleur pour un brûleur à prémélange Active EP4023938B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021100007.6A DE102021100007A1 (de) 2021-01-04 2021-01-04 Brenneranordnung für einen Vormischbrenner

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4023938A1 true EP4023938A1 (fr) 2022-07-06
EP4023938B1 EP4023938B1 (fr) 2023-12-06
EP4023938C0 EP4023938C0 (fr) 2023-12-06

Family

ID=79024498

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21214581.7A Active EP4023938B1 (fr) 2021-01-04 2021-12-15 Agencement de brûleur pour un brûleur à prémélange

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4023938B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021100007A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2969639T3 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0867659A1 (fr) * 1997-03-24 1998-09-30 VTH Verfahrentechnik für Heizung AG Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible gazeux
EP0970327A1 (fr) * 1997-03-24 2000-01-12 VTH Verfahrentechnik für Heizung AG Chaudiere de chauffage equipee d'un bruleur
DE10064259A1 (de) 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner mit hoher Flammenstabilität
WO2004102071A1 (fr) 2003-05-16 2004-11-25 N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie Bruleur
EP3295083A1 (fr) * 2015-05-14 2018-03-21 Lochinvar, LLC Brûleur à élément de distribution d'écoulement

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0687854A1 (fr) 1994-06-13 1995-12-20 N.V. Acotech S.A. Brûleur avec récirculation des gaz d'échappement

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0867659A1 (fr) * 1997-03-24 1998-09-30 VTH Verfahrentechnik für Heizung AG Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'un combustible gazeux
EP0970327A1 (fr) * 1997-03-24 2000-01-12 VTH Verfahrentechnik für Heizung AG Chaudiere de chauffage equipee d'un bruleur
DE10064259A1 (de) 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner mit hoher Flammenstabilität
WO2004102071A1 (fr) 2003-05-16 2004-11-25 N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie Bruleur
EP3295083A1 (fr) * 2015-05-14 2018-03-21 Lochinvar, LLC Brûleur à élément de distribution d'écoulement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4023938B1 (fr) 2023-12-06
ES2969639T3 (es) 2024-05-21
DE102021100007A1 (de) 2022-07-07
EP4023938C0 (fr) 2023-12-06

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