EP4012301A1 - Procédé et dispositifs de régulation de la température d'une électronique de puissance dans une installation de climatisation et/ou de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositifs de régulation de la température d'une électronique de puissance dans une installation de climatisation et/ou de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4012301A1
EP4012301A1 EP21212666.8A EP21212666A EP4012301A1 EP 4012301 A1 EP4012301 A1 EP 4012301A1 EP 21212666 A EP21212666 A EP 21212666A EP 4012301 A1 EP4012301 A1 EP 4012301A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
power electronics
control
power
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21212666.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arnold Wohlfeil
Dennis SCHNABL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4012301A1 publication Critical patent/EP4012301A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21153—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor of electronic components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21154—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor of an inverter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices for regulating the temperature, in particular for limiting the temperature, of power electronics in an air conditioning and/or heating system, also referred to below as the system.
  • a power electronics is used in modern systems to z. B. to convert electricity from a supply network in (controllable) electricity to operate components of a system, such as a compressor, a circulating pump or the like. This can involve the conversion between alternating current and direct current and/or the adjustment of voltages.
  • Power electronics are also required in particular for systems combined with photovoltaics.
  • the invention is described in particular using an inverter that supplies a compressor of a heat pump circuit, but can also be used in a similar way for other power electronics and other components.
  • Power electronics fulfill their function only by generating heat (mainly ohmic heat), so that they heat up during operation and the heat produced has to be dissipated.
  • heat mainly ohmic heat
  • the heat output of power electronics is approximately proportional to the electrical currents switched by the power electronics, so that with a given heat dissipation (cooling of the power electronics), overheating can only be achieved by reducing the power or switching off.
  • this is exactly the case with state-of-the-art power electronics. she are regarded as quasi-separate components, so that in the event of an impending overheating, the system reacts with a power reduction or shutdown for its own protection, regardless of the consequences for the connected components and systems.
  • air-cooled power electronics in which the cooling can be increased by changing the air flow (e.g. increasing the speed of a fan), but even with such the cooling is operated as a simple separate control loop, which continues to be activated if a specified value is threatened to be exceeded maximum value (overheating) a power reduction or shutdown occurs.
  • power electronics that use refrigerant or heat transfer medium, e.g. B. a heat pump system, are cooled.
  • controls that can change the cooling of the power electronics depending on their temperature, for example by opening or closing a bypass for cooling the power electronics, the temperature of the power electronics is also controlled here independently of the control of an entire system.
  • the maximum value of the temperature of power electronics is specific to each power electronics and each measuring location of the temperature and is in the range from 70 to 160°C [degrees Celsius], in particular between 80 and 120°C.
  • the heat generated in the power electronics can increase so that the maximum value may be exceeded if no countermeasures are taken, even if the power electronics are designed correctly for the system in question.
  • the power electronics used are typically cooled by a heat transfer medium circulating there (can also be air) or refrigerant. B. of air, water, brine or refrigerant.
  • a heat transfer medium can also be air
  • B. air, water, brine or refrigerant.
  • the power electronics are about to overheat, they are switched off or their power is throttled by at least 10 to 50%, for example, in order to generate less heat.
  • the resulting disadvantages when operating the system e.g. lower availability, less comfort
  • to damage components freezing
  • the performance is reduced, it is by no means guaranteed that this will be sufficient or not unnecessarily high.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems outlined with reference to the prior art and in particular to regulate the temperature of power electronics in an air conditioning and/or heating system in such a way that a reduction in power or even a shutdown is necessary as rarely as possible and the power is only reduced to the extent necessary to avoid overheating.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that an impending overheating of power electronics can also be prevented by increasing the cooling if you change the cooling depending on the temperature of the power electronics.
  • the cooling of the power electronics is arranged in a system (generally it will be one of the colder areas of a circuit of the system with a heat transfer medium or refrigerant), up to now the regulation of the system and thus also the temperature and/or flow rate at the Cooling point does not take the temperature of the power electronics into account. According to the invention, this is changed at least if necessary. This does not necessarily mean that the protective mechanisms present in the power electronics are overridden, but additional measures are taken to prevent the maximum temperature from being reached, so that the internal protective measures have to intervene less frequently, if at all.
  • a method for controlling the temperature of power electronics in a system carrying a heat transfer medium or refrigerant, namely an air conditioning and/or heating system, with a central control and regulation unit for controlling the temperature and/or the flow rate in the system contributes to this, wherein the power electronics are cooled at a cooling point in the system by a heat transfer medium or refrigerant flowing in the system.
  • a measured value of the temperature of the power electronics is fed to the control and regulation unit and taken into account by this when regulating the temperature and/or flow rate of the heat transfer medium or refrigerant in the system and thus at the cooling point.
  • the temperature of the power electronics is fed to a control circuit for the temperature at the cooling point as an actual value and a temperature 1 to 10 K [Kelvin], in particular 3 to 6 K, below a maximum temperature of the power electronics is specified as the setpoint value.
  • the setpoint has a safety margin to the maximum temperature, so that this should not be reached within the framework of the control accuracy of the control loop.
  • the cooling point is in a circuit of the system operated by a pump or a compressor with a power specification, and the power electronics are operated with this power specification, the temperature of the power electronics being the control variable with a setpoint of 1 to 10 K below a maximum temperature and the performance specification serve as a manipulated variable in a control loop.
  • the cooling point is preferably located in a refrigerant circuit, and the temperature of the power electronics is monitored by the control and regulation unit, with measures to lower the temperature and/or to increase a volume flow at the cooling point being initiated if the temperature of the power electronics exceeds a specifiable lower threshold value .
  • Various measures are suitable for this, depending on the arrangement of the cooling point, which can be taken individually or in combination.
  • One The first possibility is to supply less heat to the refrigerant circuit (on the primary side), which e.g. B. can be done by changing the speed of a pump or a fan in such a way that the compressor load decreases by increasing the evaporation temperature or decreasing the condensing temperature.
  • a second possibility is to extract more heat from the refrigerant circuit (on the secondary side), which lowers the condensation temperature of the refrigerant.
  • Another possibility is to open an expansion valve wider (if you can accept possible disadvantages for the compressor).
  • the refrigerant temperature on the low-pressure side of a refrigerant circuit increases, but the temperature rise in the circuit and thus the required compressor output decrease. This indirectly lowers the temperature at the refrigeration point.
  • the system is controlled and regulated without including the temperature of the power electronics as long as the temperature of the power electronics is below a predefinable lower threshold value, with a structure switchover of the control taking place above the lower threshold value, including the temperature of the power electronics in the control.
  • the control and regulation unit works in a manner known per se (normal operation) and is not influenced by the temperature of the power electronics. During this time, the temperature of the power electronics is only observed to to be able to determine whether it reaches or exceeds the threshold value. Above the lower threshold value, however, the control structure is changed, in particular to one of the structures described above (special operation).
  • This control works as long as the temperature remains between the lower threshold and the maximum temperature. If it falls below the lower threshold value again, normal operation can take place again. This can happen, for example, if an air bubble in a pump temporarily impedes operation and later disappears again.
  • the power electronics are preferably switched off by the control and regulation unit when a predeterminable upper threshold value is exceeded, but at the latest when the maximum temperature is reached, or their power is reduced by at least 10%, possibly up to (maximum) 50%. reduced. If an increase in the temperature of the power electronics cannot be achieved even in special operation, you can either wait until the maximum temperature is reached and the power electronics activate internally specified protective mechanisms. However, if these only cause a shutdown, it is advantageous, when a predefinable upper threshold value is reached, which is below the maximum value, to first reduce the power or to carry out certain shutdown procedures that protect the system more than a sudden shutdown of the power electronics.
  • Another aspect relates to a device for controlling the temperature of power electronics in a system carrying a heat transfer medium or a refrigerant, in particular an air conditioning and/or heating system, with a central control and regulating unit for controlling the temperature and/or the flow rate of the heat transfer medium or refrigerant in the system, with the power electronics being arranged at a cooling point in the system and being in heat exchange with a heat transfer medium or refrigerant flowing in the system, and with an electronics temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the power electronics being present, which is connected to the Control and regulating unit is connected, which is set up to take into account measured values of the electronic temperature sensor when controlling the temperature and / or the flow rate of the heat transfer medium or refrigerant in the system and thus at the refrigeration point.
  • measuring line can also be a wireless connection
  • the power electronics component therefore no longer (only) protects itself from overheating, but is protected by the control and regulation unit.
  • a control circuit is preferably present in the control and regulation unit with the temperature of the power electronics as the control variable at a desired value of 1 to 10 K, in particular 3 to 6 K, below a maximum temperature.
  • Which manipulated variable is used in the control circuit depends on the location of the cooling point in the system. The speed of a fan, a pump or a compressor, valve positions, etc., which can be used individually or in combination, come into consideration as manipulated variables.
  • control and regulation unit has a comparator that is set up to switch the control of the system from normal operation to special operation with a different control structure when the temperature of the power electronics exceeds a specifiable lower threshold value which the temperature of the power electronics is taken into account in at least one control loop.
  • the cooling point is preferably in a circuit for heat transfer medium (heating circuit) or refrigerant (heat pump circuit) and the temperature and/or a volume flow can be changed at the cooling point by the control and regulation unit depending on the temperature of the power electronics.
  • a reduction in the temperature at the cooling point and/or an increase in the volume flow result in a reduction in the temperature of the power electronics (without a protective mechanism having to intervene in the power electronics).
  • the circuit has a pump or a compressor that can be operated with a power specification, which is also the power specification of the power electronics, with the control and regulation unit being set up to use the power specification as a manipulated variable in a control circuit for controlling the temperature of the power electronics to a target value of 1 to 10 K, in particular 3 to 6 K below a maximum temperature.
  • a further aspect relates to a computer program product, comprising instructions which cause the devices described to carry out the method steps described.
  • the control and regulation unit is generally controlled by a program and contains data stores with calibration data and other information, both of which need to be exchanged or updated from time to time, e.g. B. an inventive computer program product can be used.
  • the explanations of the method can be used for a more detailed characterization of the device, and vice versa.
  • the device can also be set up in such a way that the method is carried out with it.
  • FIG 1 shows schematically a system 1, in the present case a heating system with a heat pump circuit 2 and a heating circuit 9.
  • the heat pump circuit 2 is filled with a refrigerant which is evaporated in an evaporator 3, compressed by a compressor 5 and condensed in a condenser 6. From there it goes via an expansion valve 7 back to the evaporator 3.
  • This removes heat from the environment, for which purpose ambient air is passed through the evaporator 3 with a fan 4.
  • a brine pump can be present instead of the fan 4 (in conjunction with a different type of heat exchanger on the evaporator).
  • the heat extracted from the environment heats up a heat accumulator 8 (usually filled with water) through the condenser 6 .
  • At least one hot water consumer 30 can also be connected to the hot water tank. Heat is extracted from the heat accumulator 8 via a heat exchanger 10 and fed to a heating circuit 9 .
  • a heat transfer medium is circulated by a circulating pump 12 arranged at a suitable point, which consumer 14 (radiators or underfloor heating systems) is supplied with heat.
  • the temperature is measured in a flow 11 and z. B. by means of a three-way valve 16, which mixes heat transfer medium from a return 15 and the heat exchanger 10 as required, regulated.
  • Other types of temperature control and in particular the inclusion of a volume flow meter 31 (for example, behind the circulating pump 12) for control purposes are possible.
  • the compressor 5 and/or the circulating pump 12 are supplied with power by power electronics 18 .
  • the power electronics 18 (converter) draws power from a supply network 19 (single-phase or multi-phase, but it can also be a direct current network, for example a photovoltaic system) and converts it into a controllable alternating current. This results in heat loss, in particular due to ohmic resistance in the components and lines, which must be dissipated.
  • the power electronics has a heat sink 21 through which a cooling medium can flow via cooling connections 22 .
  • the power electronics 18 has an electronics temperature sensor 20, the measured value of which is used in the power electronics 18 to avoid overheating.
  • this measured value is also forwarded to a control and regulation unit 17, e.g. B. by means of a measuring line 27.
  • the control and regulation unit 17 is connected via control lines 28 to various components of the system 1, in particular (partially via the power electronics 18) to the compressor 5, the circulating pump 12, the expansion valve 7, the three-way valve 16, the fan 4 and the power electronics 18.
  • the control and regulation unit 17 receives measured values from various sensors via measuring lines 27, including the flow temperature sensor 27 and the electronics temperature sensor 20, as well as from other measuring points for temperature, volume flow, valve position, which are not shown etc..
  • the control and regulation unit 17 can thus regulate the system 1 according to predeterminable criteria and calibration data in normal operation.
  • the power electronics 18 can be cooled at various cooling points 23, 24, 25, 26 in the system, after weighing up the advantages and disadvantages, where the power electronics 18 are arranged and their heat sink 21 is brought into thermal contact with the heat transfer medium or refrigerant flowing there, in particular is flowed through by this. Cooling here does not necessarily mean cooling at a very low temperature. It is sufficient if a temperature (significantly) below a maximum temperature of the power electronics 18 prevails at the cooling point. Therefore, one possibility is to arrange a first cooling point 23 in the feed 11 of the heating circuit 9. There, the power electronics 18 additionally heats the feed 11 with its heat loss, the temperature there still being so low that the power electronics 18 are cooled in the process. Another possibility is the arrangement at different points in the heat pump circuit 2.
  • a second cooling point 24 can be between condenser 6 and expansion valve, or a third 25 between expansion valve 7 and evaporator 3.
  • a fourth cooling point 26 can be between evaporator 3 and compressor 5. The lowest temperature is to be expected at the third refrigeration point 25, but depending on the operating conditions and ambient conditions of the system 1, there may be good reasons for each of these refrigeration points or for other refrigeration points than those described here by way of example.
  • one of these cooling points 23, 24, 25, 26 is selected and used for cooling (and feeding in the electrical power loss). If the temperature in the power electronics 18 rises above its maximum value, then internally there is a shutdown or a predetermined power reduction, depending on the design of the power electronics 18. There is no intervention in the cooling conditions.
  • a different method is used to protect the power electronics 18 against overheating and to regulate its temperature.
  • the measured value of the electronics temperature sensor 20 is supplied to the control and regulation unit 17 .
  • a comparator 29 first checks whether the temperature is below a lower threshold value. If this is the case, the temperature is no longer taken into account, but the system 1 is operated in normal operation. However, if the temperature is above the lower threshold value, a different control structure (special operation) is switched over with the aim of improving the cooling at the selected cooling point 23, 24, 25 or 26.
  • the temperature of the power electronics 18 is particularly favorable to select the temperature of the power electronics 18 as the controlled variable after a change in structure of the control system, with a desired value that is far enough away from the maximum temperature (e.g. 1 to 10 K) in order to be able to compensate for certain control deviations.
  • the above averages can be used as the manipulated variable.
  • z. B. in the arrangement of the power electronics 18 at the first cooling point 23 no longer used the flow temperature sensor 13 with its previous setpoint for controlling the flow temperature, but the temperature of Power electronics 18 with otherwise the same control.
  • An analogous procedure is also possible in the heat pump circuit 2 as described above.
  • exceeding the lower threshold value means an exceptional situation and a warning message can therefore be issued when switching to special operation.
  • there can be conditions e.g. very hot outside temperatures in the case of air-conditioning systems
  • special operation can temporarily replace normal operation.
  • the forwarding of the temperature of the power electronics 18 to the control and regulation unit 17 also offers the possibility of observing this temperature and comparing it with empirical values under similar operating conditions. In this way, an error (excessively high temperature) can be recognized and a warning message, e.g. E.g. for maintenance soon, long before the lower threshold is actually exceeded.
  • the present invention makes it possible to largely avoid overheating of power electronics and a resulting shutdown or reduction in power by changing the control of a system, or at least being able to call up the maximum possible power in a given special situation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
EP21212666.8A 2020-12-09 2021-12-07 Procédé et dispositifs de régulation de la température d'une électronique de puissance dans une installation de climatisation et/ou de chauffage Pending EP4012301A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020132713.7A DE102020132713A1 (de) 2020-12-09 2020-12-09 Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Temperaturregelung einer Leistungselektronik an einer Klima- und/oder Heizanlage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4012301A1 true EP4012301A1 (fr) 2022-06-15

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EP21212666.8A Pending EP4012301A1 (fr) 2020-12-09 2021-12-07 Procédé et dispositifs de régulation de la température d'une électronique de puissance dans une installation de climatisation et/ou de chauffage

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EP (1) EP4012301A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020132713A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN116923710A (zh) * 2023-09-18 2023-10-24 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 一种飞行器梯级喷雾冷却控制方法及系统

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DE102007042586A1 (de) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-26 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln eines Betriebs eines Halbleiter-Bauelements
EP2538149A1 (fr) * 2010-02-15 2012-12-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Climatiseur
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US20180073787A1 (en) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-15 Trane International Inc. Cooling circuit for a variable frequency drive
DE102017200088A1 (de) * 2017-01-05 2018-07-05 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren zum Klimatisieren einer Komponente einer leistungselektronischen Schaltung sowie Steuervorrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10128307A1 (de) * 2001-06-12 2003-04-10 Siemens Ag Klimaanlage
DE102007042586A1 (de) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-26 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln eines Betriebs eines Halbleiter-Bauelements
EP2538149A1 (fr) * 2010-02-15 2012-12-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Climatiseur
DE102013225450B3 (de) * 2013-12-10 2015-03-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Wärmepumpe mit einem kältemittelgekühlten Inverter
US20180073787A1 (en) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-15 Trane International Inc. Cooling circuit for a variable frequency drive
DE102017200088A1 (de) * 2017-01-05 2018-07-05 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren zum Klimatisieren einer Komponente einer leistungselektronischen Schaltung sowie Steuervorrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116923710A (zh) * 2023-09-18 2023-10-24 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 一种飞行器梯级喷雾冷却控制方法及系统
CN116923710B (zh) * 2023-09-18 2023-11-17 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 一种飞行器梯级喷雾冷却控制方法及系统

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