EP4004478A1

EP4004478A1 - Breechblock and weapon system with the breechblock

Info

Publication number: EP4004478A1
Application number: EP20743597.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Klaus-Peter Eggert
Original assignee: Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Current assignee: Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority date: 2019-07-25
Filing date: 2020-07-08
Publication date: 2022-06-01
Also published as: KR20220048989A; DE102019120184A1; AU2020317522B2; DE102019120184B4; WO2021013551A1; AU2020317522A1; US11802745B2; US20220146223A1

Abstract

In order to achieve a reduction or even an elimination of the forces acting on a breechblock drive when unlocking the breechblock (100) and removing a cartridge casing, a breechblock (100) of a weapon system is proposed which is formed at least by a breechblock carrier (1) and a breechblock head (7) and the breechblock carrier (1) supports the breechblock head (2). According to the invention, the breechblock carrier (1) and the breechblock head (2) can be mechanically separated from one another. This separability is achieved with a control sleeve (8) inserted in the breechblock carrier (1), which has at least one control cam (34). In addition, the breechblock head (2) also comprises a control bolt (3) which engages in the control cam (34) of the control sleeve (8) and can be guided in same. In this way, it is achieved that the forces cannot act on the breechblock drive with the recoil of the weapon.

Description

DESCRIPTION

The breech and weapon system with the breech

The invention relates to a possibility of unlocking a breechblock of a machine gun or machine gun, in particular an externally driven machine gun. The invention also relates to a possibility of subsequently withdrawing a cartridge case from a weapon barrel of the machine gun or machine gun.

Self-propelled or externally powered machine guns are known. In such weapon systems, a cartridge is placed in front of a breech and with the help of the transport of the breech, i.e. the breech movement, the cartridge is placed in a gun barrel or in a chamber of the gun barrel. The shutter movement includes downtimes during which the shutter must not be moved. The locking between the breech and the weapon barrel is carried out using known locking systems, such as block lock, wedge lock, rotating lug lock, etc.

A rotating lug lock and a weapon with a rotating lug lock are known from DE 10 2010 009 427 B4. The rotating lug lock has a lock carrier and a locking head with several locking lugs mounted therein. The rotating lug lock is designed in such a way that unlocking, in which the cartridge case is released from a cartridge chamber of the weapon barrel, is not controlled exclusively via the relative movement between the bolt head and bolt carrier. For this purpose, a control cam section is formed in the locking piece, which cooperates with a correspondingly designed control section in the locking head. When unlocking, the rotary movement of the locking head is converted into a screwing movement relative to the locking piece. This screwing movement leads the locking head screwing out of the locking head. The same control cams and control cam sections also lock the lock

DE 10 2009 058 551 B4 discloses another twist lock. A rotary lock cylinder is held in the unlocked position on the lock carrier by a tongue and groove-like toothing of a gate. A guide shell of the lock carrier can be reduced to such an extent that it only secures the rotary lock cylinder against tilting out of the functional axis.

A locking system for an externally and / or self-powered weapon with a block lock can be found in DE 10 2009 01 1 939 B4. When the returning mass of the weapon moves backwards, the block lock for unlocking is controlled via control cams on the lock carrier and when the gun moves backwards it is activated again for locking.

From EP 2 018 509 B1 a function control, in particular for the linear feeding of ammunition into a weapon barrel, is known. The externally powered weapon comprises a locking ring with lugs, which is preferably located on the weapon barrel overlapping it, as well as lugs on a bolt head and the shutter is locked. The locking ring is turned by means of a bolt guided in a control cam. It is unlocked by reversing the movement of the bolt in the control cam. The downtimes necessary for the weapon are realized here via the control link and the drive link that work together.

DE 196 16 397 A1 discloses a self-loading handgun with an in particular non-rotatable bolt carrier which can be moved in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the weapon and a bolt head rotatably mounted with its rear part in the bolt carrier about a longitudinal direction for locking or unlocking. On its rear part, the locking head has a control bolt which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction and which engages in a control link which extends obliquely to the longitudinal direction and is delimited by a first and a second side flank. In the locked state, the bolt carrier is in its foremost position and the control bolt rests against the rear end of the control link. When the shot is fired, the bolt carrier is moved and the bolt head is rotated by the control bolt and the link in the bolt carrier. The bolt head is unlocked. When the control bolt strikes against the front end, the unlocking rotary movement of the bolt head is completed during the weapon function. The bolt head is from the bolt carrier by the engagement of the control bolt in the front end of the control link for the further weapon function to the rear.

US Pat. No. 7,721,639 B2 discloses a locked machine gun. The lock has a lock head and a lock carrier. The lock carrier is designed to move in a straight line along the central axis. The bolt head follows this movement in the weapon function, but performs a rotation around the central axis in the last phase of the forward movement. The locking head has a pin or sliding block, which is inserted perpendicular to the central axis in the locking head and penetrates a gate. When firing, the bolt carrier runs back without first turning the bolt head.

During the return of the weapon, especially in the case of externally powered weapons, there may be a mechanical or functional separation of the drive (breech drive) and the breech. The breech is then separated from the weapon or breech drive during its idle times and is at the time the shot is fired, ie locked state while the drive can continue to run (see e.g. DE 10 2015 121 771 A1. DE 10 2008 060 217 A1). For the actual weapon function, the drive is then mechanically connected to the breech, which is transported by the drive from the firing position to a loading position and back.

Such, in particular externally powered systems, and in particular Kettenan drives, have the problem that when unlocking the lock and pulling out the empty cartridge case on the drive, such as a chain, large forces act, the pulling forces from the drive (lock drive) or must be applied by the chain.

The object of the invention is therefore to avoid this problem.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and claim 1 1. Advantageous designs can be found in the subclaims.

The invention is based on the idea of minimizing the forces acting on the lock drive when unlocking the lock and when pulling out a cartridge case.

According to the invention, these tasks of the bolt drive are transferred to the bolt and the weapon barrel. The bolt and barrel handle the unlocking and pulling out of the cartridge case themselves, regardless of the bolt drive. In this way, the forces which otherwise act on the lock drive, especially in the case of an external drive (eg chain), when unlocking the lock and pulling out the cartridge case are reduced or even eliminated. In implementing the idea, the recoil of a weapon (weapon recoil) after the shot is used to unlock the breech of the weapon barrel and pull out the cartridge case, i.e. using the recoil and thus the recoiling masses of the gun, the cartridge case is unlocked and pulled out.

As is well known, a recoil is initiated when a shot is triggered, the returning mass of the weapon, usually the weapon barrel and the breech, being accelerated against the direction of fire. This behavior is also known as weapon recoil. At the end of the return movement, part of the recoil energy is stored in the return springs of a return device or the like. With this energy, the returning masses are moved forwards again, if they are in advance. Taking advantage of this fact, a new approach is created to circumvent deficiencies and problems, in particular of an external drive.

In the present case it is now provided that the unlocking of the lock and the pulling out of the cartridge case are carried out during the forward movement of the returning mass which follows the return. According to the invention, the unlocking of the lock and the at least rudimentary pulling out of the cartridge case take place in the forward movement of the returning masses.

From DE 37 12 905 A1 a machine gun with shot control is known. The breech consists of an upper breech part and a slide, which are each arranged separately in the weapon housing so that they can be longitudinally displaced and can be positively coupled to one another via connecting means. In the event of a cartridge malfunction, the uncoupled upper bolt part remains in the locked position, while all other weapon functions or movements are not slowed down, but continue to run and the slide is taken along by the drive without the upper bolt part. A gas pressure controlled decoupling of the upper part of the closure from the slide is provided.

The present closure comprises at least one closure carrier and a closure head carried by the latter. A firing pin can preferably be integrated in the bolt head. According to the invention, the bolt head and bolt carrier are mechanically separated during the return of the weapon. At the point in time and during the return of the returning masses, there is therefore no fixed mechanical connection between the bolt head and the bolt carrier. The bolt head is detached from the bolt carrier and can move in relation to the bolt carrier against the direction of fire as well as in the direction of fire.

As a rule, the weapon barrel has a chamber sleeve which is used to lock the bolt or bolt head with the weapon barrel. The locking takes place through the chamber sleeve, which in practice is connected to the weapon barrel and possibly with a return damper.

When the shot has taken place and the recoil that has set in, the breech head and the weapon barrel locked with the bolt head run back as returning masses of the weapon system. In the phase of this backward movement, the bolt head is mechanically separated from the bolt carrier. When the forward movement of the returning masses is initiated, the breech head is first unlocked from the gun barrel or the chamber case and the cartridge case, which is hooked onto the breech head, is pulled out of the gun barrel via the gun barrel, which runs further forward. This means that a firm mechanical connection is only established between the bolt head and the bolt carrier in the firing direction when the returning masses advance to unlock the bolt and pull out the cartridge case.

The bolt carrier and bolt head are mechanically connected to one another for the actual weapon function. The bolt carrier can thus be taken along with the bolt head as part of the actual weapon function until the case ejection and the loading position are reached.

An external drive can be provided as the locking drive. This transfers the breech to a loading position and vice versa to a firing position. In these positions the breech is in the weapon system or in the weapon.

A possible integration of the breech and the breech drive in a weapon system is shown in the parallel application of the applicant, to which reference is hereby made. In the present case, the lock drive can also be received by a housing, which can be part of a weapon housing. A guides or round rods are preferably integrated over the entire length of the housin. These engage in longitudinal bores in the bolt carrier. The guide is used to support and stabilize the transport port of the lock within the actual weapon function.

For the practical implementation of the idea, a control sleeve with a control cam can be used in the lock carrier of the lock according to the invention. The locking head can have a bolt which can engage and be guided in this control cam. The control sleeve holds the bolt head via the bolt. A slide enables the mechanical connection between the bolt head and the bolt carrier to be released when the moving masses move backwards.

When the returning masses advance, to unlock the breech and pull out the cartridge case, a fixed mechanical connection is established between the control case and the breech block carrier in the firing direction. The bolt head is then over the Control sleeve caught during the forward movement of the returning masses, whereby a mechanical connection between the bolt head and the bolt carrier can be established. This can be achieved by blocking the control sleeve and / or blocking the ability to rotate the locking head.

The control sleeve is provided with a detent. This detent is preferably attached to the side of the control sleeve and, for example, in the form of a rack. A locking slide attached to the fastener carrier engages this detent. The locking slide has no effect when the weapon is reversed because it is controlled. When the returning masses advance, the locking slide blocks the control sleeve and catches the bolt head.

The bolt head rushes forward in the control cam of the control sleeve and rotates within it. As a result, the lock between the bolt head and the weapon barrel or the chamber case is canceled. The bolt head is held in place by the control cam of the control sleeve, which is caught.

The weapon barrel rushes further forward in the firing direction, so that a cartridge case hanging on the bolt head is at least partially pulled out of the weapon barrel.

When the bolt is transported back within the scope of the actual weapon function, the latching connection between the control sleeve and the bolt carrier is canceled. The bolt head can be pushed back into a loading and feeding function together with the firing pin. In this weapon function, the control sleeve is held in its front end position by a (locking) slide.

The firing pin is preferably not cocked until the bolt is locked in the actual weapon function.

In the present case, a breechblock for a weapon system is proposed, the breechblock being formed at least by a breechblock carrier and a breechblock head, and the breechblock carrier carrying the breechblock head. In order to ensure that the forces acting on the lock drive when unlocking the lock and pulling out a cartridge case are reduced or even eliminated, it is provided that the lock carrier and the lock head can be mechanically separated from each other when the returning masses return. This measure ensures that the forces acting upon the recoil of the weapon do not act on the breech drive. At the end of the advance of the returning masses, the bolt carrier and bolt head can be mechanically connected to one another.

If the recoil should fail due to a failure to fire, the device does not intervene in the actual weapon function. The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with a drawing. It shows:

1 shows a closure according to the invention in a side view,

FIG. 2 is a sectional view A-A from FIG

3 shows an illustration of the closure in a view from below,

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view B-B of the closure from FIG. 3,

FIG. 5 shows a side view according to FIG. 3,

FIG. 6 shows a sectional view C-C from FIG. 5,

7 shows a perspective illustration of the lock without the lock carrier,

8 shows a further perspective illustration of the lock without the lock carrier.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, a lock 100 of a weapon system (not shown in greater detail) is shown. The lock 100 consists of at least a lock carrier 1 and a lock head 2. The lock head 2 is carried by the lock carrier 1. A control bolt is marked with 3. This is attached to the locking head 2.

A firing pin 4 can be integrated in the bolt head 2. A sleeve 5 is inserted in the closure head 2. This sleeve 5 guides the firing pin 4. At least one dowel pin 26 fixes the sleeve 5 in the bolt head 2. At least two dowel pins 26 can preferably be installed.

A slider is marked with 6, a ring with 7 and a pin with 27. The firing pin 4 can be tensioned via the slide 6, the ring 7 and the pin 27 as well as a compression spring 21 when the lock 100 is locked (FIG. 2, FIG. 5). The slide 6, ring 7, pin 27 and compression spring 21 are integrated in the bolt head 2 at the end as seen in the firing direction.

A control sleeve which can be inserted into the lock carrier 1 is identified by 8. The control sleeve 8 has at least one control cam 34, in which the control pin 3 of the locking head 2 can be guided. This control sleeve 8 holds the bolt head 2 via the control bolt 3.

Two control cams 34 are preferred. These control cams 34 are in turn provided on both sides in the control sleeve 8. The control pin 3 can intervene in the two control cams 34. This measure enables a symmetrical arrangement or design. In addition, this construction allows the control bolt 3 of the bolt head 2 in a bore 38 leading through the bolt head 2 can be held loosely on the firing pin 4,

Fig. 3 shows the lock carrier 1 in a view from below. A release lever 12 is fastened to this fastened by means of a washer 13 and a screw 14 below the bolt carrier 1. The release lever 12 can be slidably supported by the washer 13 and the screw 14. This has the advantage that, for example, small manufacturing tolerances of the components involved can be compensated for. The release lever 12 interacts functionally with a first slide 9.

Fig. 4 shows a sectional view B-B from Fig. 3. Shown here are a locking pin 15, a clamping pin 28 and a spring 31. This spring 31 is preferably designed as a compression spring.

The locking pin 15, the clamping pin 28 and the spring 31 are housed in the ring 7. The dowel pin 28 limits the path of the locking pin 15. The compression spring 31 holds the locking pin 15 in the rest position. A locking slide 10 (FIG. 1) corresponds to the locking pin 15.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view C-C from FIG. 5. The control sleeve 8 is provided with a detent 35. This is preferably integrated at the side. The first slide 9 can act on or in this detent 35 (FIG. 8). For this purpose, the slide 9 is preferably designed as a locking slide.

7 and 8 show the lock 100 without the lock carrier 1 in a lateral perspective view. A mechanical stop is identified by 33. This is preferably designed as a spring stop with a spring 36 and is supported on the bolt carrier

1 from.

The way it works is as follows:

The bolt 100 is brought from a firing position to a presentation position and vice versa in the known manner via its bolt carrier 1 by a bolt drive not shown, for example an external drive such as a chain drive.

When the closure 100 is idle, the drive continues to run within a groove 11 made below the closure carrier 1. The shutter 100 is mechanically separated from the drive during its idle times and is in the weapon system.

At the point in time when a shot is fired, the breech 100 is locked to a weapon barrel (not shown in more detail), ie is mechanically connected to it. As a rule, the weapon tube has a chamber sleeve. The bolt head 2 of the bolt 100 is then locked to the chamber sleeve of the weapon barrel. When the shot has taken place, the bolt head 2, the chamber casing and the weapon barrel and possibly a return damper run opposite the bolt carrier 1 against the direction of the shot. The bolt carrier 1 and the bolt head 2 can be mechanically separated from one another at this point in time. The lock carrier 1 itself is not part of the returning mass.

When the bolt head 2 is reversing, i.e. during the recoil and the return of the returning masses, the slide 9 is ineffective. The slide 9 is controlled during the return movement.

After reversing the return of the weapon, i.e. when the returning masses advance, the slide 9 blocks the control sleeve 8 via the detent 35. The bolt head 2 with the chamber sleeve or the weapon barrel rush forward. The bolt head 2 rotates via the control bolt 3 within the control curve (s) 34. The lock between the bolt 100 or bolt head 2 and the chamber sleeve or the weapon barrel is released and the bolt 100 is unlocked from the weapon barrel. The locking head 2 is held in place by the control cam 34 of the control sleeve 8 via the control bolt 3 and is caught in the latter. This creates a mechanical connection between the bolt head 2 and the bolt carrier 1.

The chamber sleeve and the weapon barrel are brought forward as the returning masses advance until they have reached their starting position. With the advance, a cartridge case (not shown in detail) is at least partially pulled out of the chamber case or the weapon barrel, which hangs on an extractor 17 on the bolt head 2.

The bolt carrier 1 and bolt head 2 are moved together via a bolt drive (not shown) in the weapon function into a rear position in which a new cartridge is presented to the bolt 100.

In order to support the transferring of the breech block 100 within the scope of the actual weapon function, the breech block carrier 1 provides at least one guide bore 37. This interacts with a not shown guide of the weapon or the weapon system.

The release lever 12 runs in the end position on a weapon-side curve (not shown in more detail) during the return movement or transport of the bolt 100 within the scope of the actual weapon function. The release lever 12 actuates the slide 9 and thereby releases the control sleeve 8. In the loading position, the slide 9 is controlled.

The ring 7 and the locking head 2 are then against the spring 36 of the stop 33, ie against a resistance, in the front end position in the loading and feeding function of the actual weapon function pushed back. This can be done by a not dargestell th buffer on the weapon housing.

When the bolt 100 is advanced in the actual weapon function, the slide 10 now blocks the control sleeve 8 and corresponds to the locking pin 15. The locking pin 15 blocks the possibility of turning the bolt head 2. The locking slide 10 can be pressed into its rest position by a spring 30 and a locking plate 16. The locking plate 16 can be fastened to the bolt carrier 1, for example by means of button-head screws 25.

The cycle begins again when the weapon returns.

The weapon system can fire both targeted single shots and continuous fire.

Reference number

Bolt carrier 100 bolt bolt head

Control pin

Firing pin

Sleeve

Slider

ring

Control sleeve

Locking slide

Gate valve

Groove

Release lever

disc

screw

Locking pin

Locking plate

Pull-out edge spring; Compression spring (tension bolt) screw

Roll pin

Straight pin

Roll pin

feather

Spring stop of the control sleeve (with compression springs and guide pins) control cam

Detent (e.g. rack)

feather

Guide hole

Drilling through firing pin

Claims

1. Bolt (100) of a weapon system, the bolt (100) being formed at least by a bolt carrier (1) and a bolt head (7), the bolt carrier (1) carrying the bolt head (2), and the bolt carrier ( 1) and the bolt head (2) are mechanically separable from each other, characterized by a control sleeve (8) which can be inserted in the bolt carrier (1), having at least one control cam (34) and a control bolt (3) on the bolt head (2), the Control pin (3) engages in the control cam (34) of the control sleeve (8) in such a way that the control pin (3) can be guided therein

2. Closure (100) according to claim 1, characterized by control cams (34) introduced on both sides in the control sleeve (8).

3. Closure (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control sleeve (8) is provided with a detent (35).

4. Closure according to claim 3, characterized in that the detent (35) is attached to the side of the control sleeve (8).

5. Closure (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a locking slide (9) on the closure carrier side is integrated.

6. Closure (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that a release lever (12) is attached below the lock carrier (1), which is designed to functionally interact with the locking slide (9).

7. Closure (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a firing pin (4) can be integrated in the closure head (2).

8. Closure (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that the firing pin (4) is received by a sleeve (5) inserted in the closure head (2).

9. Closure (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one clamping pin (26) is provided, which is designed such that it fixes the sleeve (5) in the closure head (2).

10. Closure (100) according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that in the closure head (2) at the end a tensioning slide (6), a ring (7), a pin (27) and a spring (21) for tensioning the Firing pin (4) are integrated.

11. Weapon system with a lock (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A method for unlocking a lock (100) from a weapon barrel (101) of a weapon system with a lock (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the unlocking takes place when the returning masses advance.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the advance of the returning masses is used to release a cartridge from the weapon barrel (101).