EP4003685A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4003685A1 EP4003685A1 EP20742273.4A EP20742273A EP4003685A1 EP 4003685 A1 EP4003685 A1 EP 4003685A1 EP 20742273 A EP20742273 A EP 20742273A EP 4003685 A1 EP4003685 A1 EP 4003685A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- wall
- waterproof
- expanded
- insulating foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002937 thermal insulation foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CC(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000000591 Tight Junction Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002321 Tight Junction Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012508 resin bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001578 tight junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
- B29C44/14—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining
- B29C44/145—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining the lining being a laminate
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- B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C44/321—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining, e.g. a film or a support lining
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
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- F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
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- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
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- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks, with membranes, for the storage and / or transport of fluid.
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquefied gas at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) exhibiting by example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at approximately -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- the invention relates more particularly to a method of manufacturing a wall of such a sealed and thermally insulating tank.
- sealed and thermally insulating membrane tanks are known.
- the walls of these tanks include a multilayer structure having from the inside to the outside of the tank, at least one primary waterproof membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid stored in the tank and a primary thermally insulating barrier and, optionally, a secondary membrane and a secondary thermally insulating barrier.
- the thermally insulating barriers comprise a plurality of insulating panels which are juxtaposed in parallel rows.
- the primary and secondary membranes are respectively supported by the insulating panels of the primary thermally insulating barrier and those of the secondary thermally insulating barrier.
- the insulating panels each comprise a layer of expanded insulating foam.
- the expanded insulating foam layer is produced by a continuous free expansion foaming process. At the end of the foam manufacturing process, the insulating foam is cut to the desired dimensions of the panel to be produced. In addition, the internal and external faces of the insulating foam layer are rectified in order to ensure their flatness. Subsequently, plywood sheets are usually glued against one and / or the other of the internal and external faces of the layer of expanded insulating foam.
- Sealing membranes are either metallic membranes or composite membranes.
- the metal membranes are made by means of metal sheets which are welded, in-situ inside the tank, to each other and on welding supports fixed to the internal faces of the insulating panels so as to fix the metal sheets. insulation panels.
- Composite membranes have rigid membrane elements that are bonded to the internal faces of the insulation boards. Flexible membrane elements are glued straddling the rigid membrane elements of adjacent insulation panels to seal the composite membrane.
- An idea underlying the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating membrane tank which is simpler and less expensive.
- the invention provides a method of manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising at least one thermally insulating barrier and a sealing membrane resting against the thermally insulating barrier, the method comprising:
- each wall element comprising:
- the layer of expanded insulating foam intended to form a part of the thermally insulating barrier and the waterproof plate intended to form a part of the waterproofing membrane are fixed to one another directly during the manufacture of the expanded insulating foam layer. This makes it possible to considerably simplify the manufacture of the wall.
- the sealed plate forms a reference surface during foaming so that the flatness of the face of the wall element formed by the sealed plate does not have to be rectified to ensure its flatness, which makes it possible to further simplify the production of the wall element.
- such a method may include one or more of the following characteristics.
- the layer of expanded insulating foam is a polyurethane foam (PUR) or a polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).
- PUR polyurethane foam
- PIR polyisocyanurate foam
- the expandable insulating foam solution comprises at least one polyol, one polyisocyanate and one blowing agent.
- the waterproof plate comprises a waterproof film.
- the step of assembling the waterproof plates comprises the bonding of an additional waterproof film straddling the rigid composite films.
- the waterproof film is a rigid composite film.
- the rigid composite film comprises an aluminum sheet interposed between two layers of fibers.
- the sealed plate comprises a metal plate.
- the metal plate has corrugations.
- the metal plate has two sets of parallel waves, the waves of one of the sets of waves being perpendicular to the waves of the other set of waves.
- the metal plate has a plurality of reliefs projecting in a direction of thickness relative to the plane of the metal plate.
- each relief comprises a base making the connection between the relief and the flat portion, and comprising at least one vertex, the base comprising in the plane formed by the flat portion a first dimension equal to the diameter of the smaller circle circumscribed around the base and a second dimension equal to the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base, and the distance between the top and the base in the thickness direction forming a height of the relief.
- the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribed around the base we mean the diameter of the smallest circle located around and outside the base, and having at least two points of intersection with the base so that the circle surrounds the base without cutting it.
- this circle has for center the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the base.
- the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base is understood to mean the diameter of the largest circle located inside the base and having at least two points of intersection with the base so that the circle is located entirely in the base. base without cutting it.
- this circle has for center the point of intersection of the bisectors of the base.
- the metal plate comprises in all directions of the plane at least one relief.
- the height of the relief is less than 20 mm, advantageously between 8 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 14 mm.
- each relief is separated from an adjacent relief in all directions of the plane by a distance less than or equal to 2 times the first dimension of the base.
- the ratio of the first dimension of the base to the height of the relief is less than or equal to 2.
- the ratio of the second dimension of the base to the height of the relief is less than or equal to 0.6.
- the reliefs are made by forging, preferably stamping, or else by stamping, die-stamping, etc.
- the metal plate has a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
- the metal plates are made of a metal material whose Young's modulus is between 130 GPa and 230 GPa.
- the metal plates are made of a metal material whose elastic limit is greater than 170 MPa.
- the metal plate is made of stainless steel or of high manganese steel.
- the minimum thickness of the plate is therefore approximately equal to 0.58 mm.
- the minimum plate thickness is therefore approximately equal to 0.68 mm.
- the number of reliefs per linear meter of metal plate N relief is within the following range:
- each relief has a pyramidal or semi-ellipsoid shape, for example of a semi-sphere or of a pyramid with a square base.
- the base has the shape of an ellipse, for example a circle, or of a polygon.
- each relief has a shape which widens towards the base.
- the step of assembling the sealed plates comprises sealingly welding the metal plates to each other.
- the metal plates are welded edge to edge.
- the metal plates are welded to each other by means of additional metal parts which are welded astride the metal plates of the adjacent wall elements.
- the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more anchoring members intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element.
- the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more anchor plates.
- the sealed plate comprises one or more thicker zones in which are formed one or more threads intended to receive a fixing stud.
- the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more thermal protection strips along the edges of said metal plate.
- the expandable insulating foam solution is not expanded against the metal plate.
- the metal plate is glued to the layer of expanded insulating foam after its formation.
- One or more thermal protection strips are positioned along the edges of the metal plate glued to the layer of expanded insulating foam;
- the metal plate comprises one or more anchoring members intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element; and or .
- the metal plate comprises one or more thicker zones in which are formed one or more threads intended to receive a fixing stud.
- the expandable insulating foam solution is expanded in a rolling mill constraining the expansion of the insulating foam solution.
- the rolling mill is a double strip rolling mill comprising a lower strip, an upper strip and side walls which together form a tunnel of rectangular section.
- the rolling mill is arranged such that the stress on expansion of the expandable insulating foam solution leads to a layer of expanded insulating foam having a volume, at the outlet of the rolling mill representing between 92% and 99% of the expansion volume of this expandable insulation foam solution in the case of free expansion. This gives the layer of expanded insulating foam excellent mechanical performance.
- each wall element comprises depositing one or more fiber reinforcements on the waterproof plate and impregnating said fiber reinforcements when the expandable insulating foam solution is placed against the waterproof plate.
- the fiber reinforcements are fiber mats.
- the fiber reinforcements are deposited parallel to each other and to the waterproof plate.
- the fiber reinforcements comprise glass fibers which are bonded together by a resin, such as a polyurethane resin.
- a support is adhered to one face of the layer of expanded insulating foam opposite to the waterproof plate.
- the support is a plywood plate.
- the support is bonded to the layer of expanded polymer foam.
- the waterproof plate is placed on a conveyor belt, the expandable insulating foam solution is deposited against the waterproof plate resting on the conveyor belt and the waterproof plate is driven and the insulating foam solution to the rolling mill by means of said conveyor belt.
- At least one face of the layer of expanded insulating foam opposite the waterproof plate is machined.
- the face of the expanded insulating foam layer opposite the sealed plate is machined as it exits the rolling mill.
- the invention also provides a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank obtained by means of the aforementioned method, said wall comprising a plurality of wall elements, each wall element comprising a sealed plate and a layer of expanded insulating foam adhering directly to the waterproof plate, said wall elements being anchored to a supporting structure and arranged one beside the other so that the layers of expanded insulating foam form a thermally insulating barrier, the waterproof plates of said wall elements being assembled in a sealed manner to one another so as to form at least part of a waterproofing membrane.
- the invention also provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid comprising a said wall.
- Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep-water structure, in particular an LNG vessel, a floating storage unit and regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO), and others.
- FSRU floating storage unit and regasification
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- the invention provides a vessel for transporting a fluid, the vessel comprising a double hull and a above-mentioned tank, disposed in the double hull.
- the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a storage facility floating or land-based storage facility and a pump for driving fluid through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land-based storage facility to or from the vessel's vessel.
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a multilayer structure of a wall of a membrane tank.
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a wall element associating a waterproof plate intended to form part of a waterproofing membrane and a layer of expanded insulating foam intended to form a part of 'a thermally insulating barrier.
- Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of an installation for the manufacture of a wall element.
- Figure 4 illustrates a wall element according to another embodiment.
- Figure 5 illustrates in detail the sealed plate of the wall element of Figure 4.
- Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 5.
- Figure 7 is a detail view of a relief according to an alternative embodiment of the waterproof plate of Figure 5.
- Figure 8 is a sectional view along the plane IV-IV of Figure 7
- FIG. 9 schematically represents a wall element according to an alternative embodiment of FIG. 4.
- Figure 10 shows schematically an area of a secondary wall element intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel according to one embodiment.
- Figure 1 1 schematically shows a wall element according to another embodiment.
- Figure 12 schematically shows a wall element according to another embodiment.
- Figure 13 is a perspective view of the corrugated metal plate of the wall member of Figure 10.
- Figure 14 is a cut-away schematic representation of an LNG vessel tank and a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
- Figure 1 shows the structure of a wall 31 of a membrane tank.
- the wall has a multilayer structure and comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 14 comprising secondary insulating panels 17 anchored to a supporting structure 15, a secondary membrane 13 resting against the thermally insulating barrier secondary 14, a primary thermally insulating barrier 12 comprising primary insulating panels 14 resting against the secondary membrane 13 and anchored to the supporting structure 15 or to the secondary insulating panels 14 and a primary membrane 1 which rests against the primary thermally insulating barrier 12 and which is intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
- Each wall element 32 comprises a sealed plate 33 intended to form a part of one of the primary 1 and secondary 13 membranes and a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 intended to form a part of the corresponding thermally insulating barrier.
- a method of manufacturing such a wall element 32 as well as an installation 35 making it possible to implement this method are described below in relation to FIG. 3.
- the installation 35 comprises a conveyor belt 36, a distributor 37 for distributing an expandable insulating foam solution and a rolling mill 38.
- the conveyor belt 36 is intended to receive the sealed plate 33 intended to form part of the 'one of the primary 1 and secondary 13 membranes of the vessel wall.
- the waterproof plate 33 before being placed on the transport band 36, the waterproof plate 33 has previously been cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced.
- the waterproof plate 33 is continuously disposed on the conveyor belt 36 and is cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced after the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 has been formed and expanded.
- the conveyor belt 36 is also intended to receive fiber reinforcements 39, such as fiber mats.
- the fiber reinforcements 39 are provided in coil form.
- the fiber reinforcements 39 are unwound and brought parallel to one another against the waterproof plate 33.
- the fiber reinforcements 39 are previously cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced.
- the fiber reinforcements 39 are continuously arranged and cut after the formation and expansion of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
- the fiber reinforcements 39 comprise for example glass fibers which are bonded together. they by a resin, such as a polyurethane resin.
- the dispenser 37 is located above the conveyor belt 36. It is intended to dispense an expandable insulating foam solution 40 on the fiber reinforcements 39 and the waterproof plate 33.
- the expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a mixture of chemical components, blowing agent (s) and possible other functional agents allowing the formation of an expanded insulating foam.
- the components of the expandable foam solution are mixed in a mixer, not shown, before being fed to dispenser 37.
- the expanded insulating foam to be manufactured is a polyurethane foam (PUR) or a polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).
- the expandable insulating foam solution comprises at least one polyol, one polyisocyanate and one blowing agent, also designated by the expression blowing agent.
- the polyol is for example chosen from polyether polyols, polyester polyols and mixtures thereof.
- the polyisocyanate is, for example, chosen from aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and arylaliphatic polyisocyanates and mixtures thereof.
- the blowing agent consists of a physical and / or chemical blowing agent, preferably a combination of the two types.
- the physical expansion agent is chosen from alkanes and cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, fluoroalkanes, fluoroolefins having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms and tetraalkylsilanes having between 1 and 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular tetramethylsilane, or a mixture thereof.
- the physical expansion agent chosen is 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluoropropane, or HFC-245fa, (marketed by the company Honeywell), 1, 1, 1, 3 , 3-pentafluorobutane, or 365mfc, (for example solkane® 365mfc marketed by the company Solvay), 2, 3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (also designated internationally as HFC-227ea, for example marketed by the company Dupont), 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (for example H FO FEA1 100 marketed by the company Dupont), trans-1 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (solstice LBA - Honeywell company) or a mixture of these.
- the chemical blowing agent is water.
- the expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a reaction catalyst which may for example be chosen from tertiary amines, such as N. Ndimethylcyclohexylamine or N, N-dimethylbenzylamine or from organo compounds -metallic based on bismuth, potassium or tin.
- a reaction catalyst which may for example be chosen from tertiary amines, such as N. Ndimethylcyclohexylamine or N, N-dimethylbenzylamine or from organo compounds -metallic based on bismuth, potassium or tin.
- the dispenser 37 is arranged to dispense the expandable insulating foam solution 40 evenly over the width of the sealed plate 33.
- the dispenser 37 comprises one or more nozzles which are movable. transversely, that is to say horizontally and perpendicularly to the direction of advance of the conveyor belt 36.
- the distributor 37 comprises a plurality of nozzles regularly distributed in the transverse horizontal direction, perpendicular to the direction of advance of the conveyor belt 36.
- the expandable insulating foam solution 40 and in particular its viscosity are determined such that said solution impregnates the fiber reinforcements 39 and come into contact against the sealed plate 33 during the cream time, corresponding to the period between dispensing with the expandable insulating foam solution 40 and the start of foam expansion.
- the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 having been expanded in contact with the waterproof plate 33, they adhere to one another.
- the speed of advance of the conveyor belt 36 as well as the characteristics of the expandable insulating foam solution 40 are determined so that the cream time has elapsed but the expansion of the expandable insulating foam is not not complete when the assembly comprising the waterproof plate 33, the fiber reinforcements 39 and the insulating foam is introduced into the rolling mill 38. Note that the travel time between the mixing of the components and their dispensation by the distributor 37 can be neglected if the mixer is placed near the distributor 37.
- the installation 35 comprises upstream of the rolling mill 38, a pressure system comprising one or more rollers which are arranged above the conveyor belt 36 and resting against the reinforcements of fibers 39.
- the pressure system makes it possible in particular to control the thickness of the foam at the entrance to the rolling mill 38 and to give the upper surface good flatness.
- the rolling mill 38 makes it possible to constrain the expansion of the foam and thus gradually harden the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 in the desired format.
- the rolling mill 38 is a double band rolling mill 38, designated by the acronym DBL for “double band laminator” in English.
- DBL double band laminator
- Such a double strip rolling mill 38 comprises a lower strip 41, an upper strip 42 and side walls, not shown in FIG. 3, which together form a tunnel of rectangular or square section.
- the positioning of the walls of the tunnel of the rolling mill 38 is defined such that the stress on the expansion of the foam leads to a volume of foam, at the outlet of the rolling mill 38 representing between 92% and 99% of the expansion volume of this same foam in the case of free expansion, that is to say without the stress of the walls of the rolling mill 38.
- a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is obtained in which at least 60 %, generally more than 80% or even more than 90%, of the cells storing a gas with low thermal conductivity extend longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis of the thickness of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
- it also contributes to better homogeneity of the distribution of the fiber reinforcements 39 in the foam block. This makes it possible to obtain a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.
- the layer of insulating polymer foam is machined so that, on the one hand, the wall element 32 is cut to the desired dimensions and, on the other hand, in order to ensure the flatness at least the face of the polymer foam layer expanded insulation which is opposite to the sealed plate 33.
- the flatness of the face of the wall member 32 formed by the sealed plate 33 is not to be rectified to ensure its flatness, which makes it possible to further simplify the production of the wall element 32.
- the expansion of the expandable insulating foam is not carried out in a rolling mill.
- the expansion is performed on a device having a lower band and side walls but no upper band to constrain the expansion of the expandable insulating foam. We speak in this case of free expansion.
- the installation comprises upstream of the distributor 37, a glue distributor which is able to distribute glue on the sealed plate 33 and thus makes it possible to promote adhesion between the plate waterproof 33 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
- the glue can for example be distributed in the form of drops or of a continuous or discontinuous film.
- the wall element 32 further comprises a support 43 which adheres to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 on the face opposite to the waterproof plate 33.
- the support 43 is a plywood plate 43.
- the support 43 is glued to the layer of expanded polymer foam at the outlet of the rolling mill 38. This is advantageous in that it allows the machining of the face of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 intended to receive the support 43 before it is glued and thus makes it possible to obtain low tolerances on the thickness of the wall element 32 thus produced as a support
- one or more wall elements 32 are anchored to a supporting structure 15, either directly if the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element or by being attached to the secondary membrane 13 or to the secondary thermally insulating barrier 14 if it is a primary wall element.
- the wall elements 32 are advantageously of parallelepiped shape and are juxtaposed in parallel rows.
- the interstices between the layers of expanded insulating foam 34 of the wall elements 32 are filled with insulating liner so as to form one of the thermally insulating barriers 12, 14.
- the sealing plates 33 are sealingly connected between them. to each other to form one of the membranes 1, 13
- the waterproof plate 33 comprises a film.
- the film is a composite film which comprises an interposed aluminum foil between two layers of glass fibers and resin. Such a composite film is in particular marketed under the Triplex® brand.
- the waterproof plate 33 is intended to form part of a secondary membrane 13.
- the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element and is therefore attached directly to the supporting structure 15.
- the wall elements 32 are for example anchored to the supporting structure 15 by means of resin beads and / or studs welded to the supporting structure 15, as described for example in document FR2691520.
- the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is directly in contact against the composite film.
- the face of the composite film which is intended to be brought into contact with the solution of extensible insulating foam 40 is previously coated with an adhesive making it possible to further increase the adhesion of the layer of insulating foam. foamed 34 on the composite film.
- the waterproof plate 33 further comprises a layer of plywood which is bonded to the composite film and to which the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 adheres.
- a wall element is described according to another embodiment.
- This embodiment differs from the embodiment described above in that the waterproof plate 33 does not include a composite film but a metal plate 2 having reliefs 4.
- the metal plate 2 shown in detail in Figure 5, comprises a flat portion 3 defining a plane of the plate and a plurality of reliefs 4 projecting from the flat portion 3 in a direction of thickness perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
- the reliefs 4 are spaced from each other and distributed over the whole of the metal plate 2 so that it is not possible to draw a straight line in the plane of the plate without crossing a relief 4.
- the metal plate 2 has reliefs in all directions of the plane of the plate.
- the flat portion 3 thus separates the reliefs 4 from one another.
- Each relief 4 comprises a base 5 and at least one vertex 6.
- the reliefs are produced by forging, preferably stamping, or else by stamping, stamping, etc. According to one embodiment, the height of the reliefs is less than 20 mm, for example of the order of 10 mm.
- the metal plate 2 is arranged on the transport band 36 so that the reliefs 4 project downward.
- the expandable insulating foam solution 40 penetrates inside the reliefs 4 which makes it possible in particular to ensure good adhesion of the metal plate 2 to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
- the metal plate 2 in order to prevent that the reliefs 4 are not crushed when the metal plate 2 passes through the rolling mill 38, the metal plate 2 is positioned on the conveyor belt 36 by means of a support with cavities having shapes each corresponding to one of the reliefs 4 .
- the reliefs 4 have a circular base 5 and has a single apex 6 so as to form half-spheres or half-ellipsoids.
- the reliefs 4 are here regularly distributed over the metal plate 2 but could, in another embodiment not shown, be irregularly distributed.
- Figure 6 shows in section one of the reliefs of Figure 5 so as to represent the different dimensions of the relief 4.
- the base 5 comprises in the plane of the plate a first dimension 7 and a second dimension 8 which in the case of the first embodiment are equal.
- the first dimension 7 is equal to the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribed around the base 5 while the second dimension 8 is equal to the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base 5.
- the distance between the vertex 6 and the base 5 in the thickness direction of the metal plate 2 defines the height 9 of the relief 4.
- each relief 4 is spaced from an adjacent relief 4 by a distance less than or equal to once the first dimension 7 of the base 5.
- the ratio of the second dimension 8 of the base 5 on the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 3.33.
- the ratio of the first dimension 7 of the base 5 to the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 0.3.
- Such a wall element 32 can form a secondary wall element or a primary wall element.
- the metal plates 2 are welded edge to edge in a sealed manner to each other.
- Figures 7 and 8 show an alternative embodiment of the reliefs 4 of the metal plate 2 of Figures 4 to 6.
- the shape of the base 5 of the reliefs 4 is different from that of the first embodiment. production.
- the base 5 is here a quadrilateral having a larger dimension 7 formed by the diagonal of the quadrilateral and a smaller dimension 8 formed by the smaller side of the quadrilateral.
- the ratio between the first dimension 7 of the base 5 on the second dimension 8 of the base 5 is here equal to approximately 1.4 while the ratio between the second dimension 8 of base 4 over the height 9 of relief 4 is approximately equal to 2.5.
- the ratio of the first dimension 7 of the base 5 to the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 0.56.
- the metal plates 2 include reliefs of identical shape and size from one metal plate to another.
- the reliefs 4 can have different shapes and sizes respecting the ratios described above and the metal plate 2 can also include more than two different series of reliefs.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a wall element 32 according to an alternative embodiment of FIG. 4.
- the wall element 32 comprises below areas of the metal plate 2 intended to be welded to the metal plate 2 of an adjacent wall element 32, thermal protection strips 52.
- the thermal protection strips 52 make it possible to protect the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 against temperatures liable to degrade it during the welding operations of the metal plates 2 to each other .
- the waterproof plate 33 on which the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is dispensed comprises a metal plate 2 and thermal protection strips 52 which are glued to the metal plate 2, on the face of the metal plate 2 intended to receive the expandable insulating foam solution 40.
- the thermal protection strips 52 are for example composite strips which comprise an aluminum foil sandwiched between two layers of glass fibers and of resin.
- the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element.
- the metal plate 2 shown in FIG. 9 incorporates one or more anchoring members 49 intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element 32.
- the anchoring member 49 is for example a threaded stud which is fixed to the metal plate or a threaded nut which is intended to receive a threaded stud.
- the wall element 32 comprises, in a zone intended to receive an anchoring device for a primary panel, an anchoring plate 50.
- This anchoring plate 50 is arranged between the plate.
- metal 2 is the layer of expanded insulating polymer foam 34 and makes it possible to locally reinforce the metal plate 2.
- one or more acorn nuts 51 are fixed to the reinforcing plate 50.
- the nut 51 has a thread cooperating with a bore formed in the anchoring plate 50.
- the nut 51 comprises a collar which makes it possible to sandwich the metal plate 2 between the collar and the anchoring plate 50. The collar is welded at the periphery to the metal plate 2 in order to ensure tightness.
- the nut 51 has a threaded blind bore intended to receive a fixing stud for an insulating panel of the primary thermally insulating barrier.
- the sealed plate 33 on which is dispensed the expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a metal plate 2, the reinforcing plate 50 and a blind nut 51, as described above .
- the anchor plate 50 is mounted in a housing made in a layer of plywood.
- the waterproof plate 33 comprises a metal plate 2, the reinforcing plate 50, a blind nut 51 and a layer of plywood against which the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is dispensed.
- the waterproof plate 33 comprises one or more thicker zones 53 in which are formed one or more threads 54 intended to receive a fixing stud of a primary insulating panel.
- the sealed plate 33 is a corrugated metal plate 44.
- a corrugated metal plate 44 is shown in perspective in Figure 11.
- the corrugated metal plate 44 comprises a first series of parallel corrugations 45, called low, extending in a y direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 46, called high, extending in an x direction.
- the x and y directions of the wave series are perpendicular.
- the corrugated metal plate 44 has between the corrugations 45, 46, a plurality of flat surfaces 47. At each intersection between a low corrugation 45 and a high corrugation 46, the metal plate 1 comprises a node area 48.
- the corrugated metal plate 44 can in particular be made of stainless steel, aluminum, Invar®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically between 1, 2.10 e. and 2.10 e K / 1 , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically of the order of 7.10 6 K 1 .
- the use of other metals or alloys is also possible.
- the waterproof plate 33 is such a corrugated metal plate 44, it is positioned on the conveyor belt 36 by means of a support having cavities corresponding to the shape of the corrugations 45, 46 and in which these are inserted. This prevents the corrugations 45, 46 from being crushed when the corrugated metal plate 44 passes through the rolling mill 38.
- the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 penetrates into the corrugations 45, 46 which allows in particular to ensure good adhesion of the corrugated metal plate 44 to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
- the corrugated metal plate 44 is intended to form part of a primary membrane 1 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is intended to form part of the primary thermally insulating barrier 12. According to a Another embodiment, the corrugated metal plate 44 is intended to form part of a secondary membrane 13 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is intended to form part of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 14.
- the corrugated metal sheets 44 of the wall elements 32 are connected in a sealed manner to each other, either by being welded edge to edge to each other or by means of additional metal parts which are welded astride the corrugated metal plates 44 of the adjacent wall elements 32.
- a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 170 shows a sealed and insulated tank 171 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 172 of the ship.
- the wall of the vessel 171 comprises a primary membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary membrane arranged between the primary membrane and the double hull 172 of the vessel, and two thermally insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary membrane and the secondary membrane and between the secondary membrane and the double shell 172.
- the loading / unloading pipes 173 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring an LNG cargo from or to the tank. 171.
- FIG. 14 also shows an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 175, an underwater pipe 176 and an installation on land 177.
- the loading and unloading station 175 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a movable arm 174 and a tower 178 which supports the movable arm 174
- the movable arm 174 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 179 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 173.
- the movable arm 174 can be orientated. suitable for all LNG carriers.
- a connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 178.
- the loading and unloading station 175 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 170 from or to the onshore installation 177.
- the latter includes liquefied gas storage tanks 180 and connecting pipes 181 connected by the underwater pipe 176 to the loading or unloading station 175.
- the underwater pipe 176 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 175 and the shore installation 177 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 170 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 170 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 177 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station are used. 175.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1908353A FR3099077B1 (fr) | 2019-07-23 | 2019-07-23 | Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
PCT/EP2020/070675 WO2021013886A1 (fr) | 2019-07-23 | 2020-07-22 | Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
Publications (1)
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EP4003685A1 true EP4003685A1 (fr) | 2022-06-01 |
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EP20742273.4A Withdrawn EP4003685A1 (fr) | 2019-07-23 | 2020-07-22 | Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP4003685A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022542065A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20220038065A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN114174033A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3099077B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021013886A1 (fr) |
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FR3130677B1 (fr) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-03-08 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Méthode de production d’un panneau isolant par une machine de production. |
FR3130676B1 (fr) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-03-08 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Méthode de production en continu d’un panneau isolant par une machine de production |
Family Cites Families (14)
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FR1523411A (fr) * | 1967-03-22 | 1968-05-03 | Saint Gobain | Procédé de fabrication de panneaux destinés notamment au bâtiment |
DE2050530A1 (en) * | 1970-01-29 | 1971-08-05 | Nat Gypsum Co | Impregnating porous board with binding agent |
FR2691520B1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1994-09-02 | Technigaz Ste Nle | Structure préfabriquée de formation de parois étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour enceinte de confinement d'un fluide à très basse température. |
DE10240522A1 (de) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-11 | Hilti Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Brandschutzplatte |
FR2876623B1 (fr) * | 2004-10-20 | 2007-01-12 | Solvay | Procede de fabrication d'un panneau isolant multicouche |
EP1690893B1 (fr) * | 2005-02-09 | 2008-12-17 | World Properties, Inc. | Methode de production de mousse de polyurethanne a basse densité et articles les comprenant |
FR2911576B1 (fr) * | 2007-01-23 | 2009-03-06 | Alstom Sa | Procede de realisation d'une paroi isolante et etanche d'une cuve |
US9637926B2 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2017-05-02 | Velcro BVBA | Membrane roofing |
CN101659120B (zh) * | 2008-08-28 | 2012-09-05 | 晋溢生化科技股份有限公司 | 隔热纸容器的制备方法及其产品 |
ITMI20121330A1 (it) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-01 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Metodo per la preparazione di pannelli isolanti espansi resistenti alla fiamma |
FR3018278B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-04 | 2020-02-14 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Traitement de diffusion forcee d'une piece isolante en mousse synthetique expansee |
US20170157815A1 (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2017-06-08 | Cannon S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for continuous foaming of a panel |
FR3026459B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-06-09 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et isolante comportant un element de pontage entre les panneaux de la barriere isolante secondaire |
FR3042253B1 (fr) * | 2015-10-13 | 2018-05-18 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
-
2019
- 2019-07-23 FR FR1908353A patent/FR3099077B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-07-22 CN CN202080053105.7A patent/CN114174033A/zh active Pending
- 2020-07-22 WO PCT/EP2020/070675 patent/WO2021013886A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2020-07-22 KR KR1020227002297A patent/KR20220038065A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2020-07-22 EP EP20742273.4A patent/EP4003685A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-07-22 JP JP2022504163A patent/JP2022542065A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3099077A1 (fr) | 2021-01-29 |
WO2021013886A9 (fr) | 2021-06-10 |
WO2021013886A1 (fr) | 2021-01-28 |
CN114174033A (zh) | 2022-03-11 |
FR3099077B1 (fr) | 2022-06-10 |
JP2022542065A (ja) | 2022-09-29 |
KR20220038065A (ko) | 2022-03-25 |
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