EP4003685A1 - Method for manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank

Info

Publication number
EP4003685A1
EP4003685A1 EP20742273.4A EP20742273A EP4003685A1 EP 4003685 A1 EP4003685 A1 EP 4003685A1 EP 20742273 A EP20742273 A EP 20742273A EP 4003685 A1 EP4003685 A1 EP 4003685A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
wall
waterproof
expanded
insulating foam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20742273.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas LAURAIN
Guillaume De Combarieu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Original Assignee
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport et Technigaz SA filed Critical Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Publication of EP4003685A1 publication Critical patent/EP4003685A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/14—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining
    • B29C44/145—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining the lining being a laminate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/30—Expanding the moulding material between endless belts or rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/321—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining, e.g. a film or a support lining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/326—Joining the preformed parts, e.g. to make flat or profiled sandwich laminates
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    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0624—Single wall with four or more layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2181—Metal working processes, e.g. deep drawing, stamping or cutting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/219—Working processes for non metal materials, e.g. extruding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/228—Assembling processes by screws, bolts or rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/232—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/016—Preventing slosh
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks, with membranes, for the storage and / or transport of fluid.
  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquefied gas at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) exhibiting by example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at approximately -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
  • LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • the invention relates more particularly to a method of manufacturing a wall of such a sealed and thermally insulating tank.
  • sealed and thermally insulating membrane tanks are known.
  • the walls of these tanks include a multilayer structure having from the inside to the outside of the tank, at least one primary waterproof membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid stored in the tank and a primary thermally insulating barrier and, optionally, a secondary membrane and a secondary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the thermally insulating barriers comprise a plurality of insulating panels which are juxtaposed in parallel rows.
  • the primary and secondary membranes are respectively supported by the insulating panels of the primary thermally insulating barrier and those of the secondary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the insulating panels each comprise a layer of expanded insulating foam.
  • the expanded insulating foam layer is produced by a continuous free expansion foaming process. At the end of the foam manufacturing process, the insulating foam is cut to the desired dimensions of the panel to be produced. In addition, the internal and external faces of the insulating foam layer are rectified in order to ensure their flatness. Subsequently, plywood sheets are usually glued against one and / or the other of the internal and external faces of the layer of expanded insulating foam.
  • Sealing membranes are either metallic membranes or composite membranes.
  • the metal membranes are made by means of metal sheets which are welded, in-situ inside the tank, to each other and on welding supports fixed to the internal faces of the insulating panels so as to fix the metal sheets. insulation panels.
  • Composite membranes have rigid membrane elements that are bonded to the internal faces of the insulation boards. Flexible membrane elements are glued straddling the rigid membrane elements of adjacent insulation panels to seal the composite membrane.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating membrane tank which is simpler and less expensive.
  • the invention provides a method of manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising at least one thermally insulating barrier and a sealing membrane resting against the thermally insulating barrier, the method comprising:
  • each wall element comprising:
  • the layer of expanded insulating foam intended to form a part of the thermally insulating barrier and the waterproof plate intended to form a part of the waterproofing membrane are fixed to one another directly during the manufacture of the expanded insulating foam layer. This makes it possible to considerably simplify the manufacture of the wall.
  • the sealed plate forms a reference surface during foaming so that the flatness of the face of the wall element formed by the sealed plate does not have to be rectified to ensure its flatness, which makes it possible to further simplify the production of the wall element.
  • such a method may include one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the layer of expanded insulating foam is a polyurethane foam (PUR) or a polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).
  • PUR polyurethane foam
  • PIR polyisocyanurate foam
  • the expandable insulating foam solution comprises at least one polyol, one polyisocyanate and one blowing agent.
  • the waterproof plate comprises a waterproof film.
  • the step of assembling the waterproof plates comprises the bonding of an additional waterproof film straddling the rigid composite films.
  • the waterproof film is a rigid composite film.
  • the rigid composite film comprises an aluminum sheet interposed between two layers of fibers.
  • the sealed plate comprises a metal plate.
  • the metal plate has corrugations.
  • the metal plate has two sets of parallel waves, the waves of one of the sets of waves being perpendicular to the waves of the other set of waves.
  • the metal plate has a plurality of reliefs projecting in a direction of thickness relative to the plane of the metal plate.
  • each relief comprises a base making the connection between the relief and the flat portion, and comprising at least one vertex, the base comprising in the plane formed by the flat portion a first dimension equal to the diameter of the smaller circle circumscribed around the base and a second dimension equal to the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base, and the distance between the top and the base in the thickness direction forming a height of the relief.
  • the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribed around the base we mean the diameter of the smallest circle located around and outside the base, and having at least two points of intersection with the base so that the circle surrounds the base without cutting it.
  • this circle has for center the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the base.
  • the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base is understood to mean the diameter of the largest circle located inside the base and having at least two points of intersection with the base so that the circle is located entirely in the base. base without cutting it.
  • this circle has for center the point of intersection of the bisectors of the base.
  • the metal plate comprises in all directions of the plane at least one relief.
  • the height of the relief is less than 20 mm, advantageously between 8 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 14 mm.
  • each relief is separated from an adjacent relief in all directions of the plane by a distance less than or equal to 2 times the first dimension of the base.
  • the ratio of the first dimension of the base to the height of the relief is less than or equal to 2.
  • the ratio of the second dimension of the base to the height of the relief is less than or equal to 0.6.
  • the reliefs are made by forging, preferably stamping, or else by stamping, die-stamping, etc.
  • the metal plate has a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
  • the metal plates are made of a metal material whose Young's modulus is between 130 GPa and 230 GPa.
  • the metal plates are made of a metal material whose elastic limit is greater than 170 MPa.
  • the metal plate is made of stainless steel or of high manganese steel.
  • the minimum thickness of the plate is therefore approximately equal to 0.58 mm.
  • the minimum plate thickness is therefore approximately equal to 0.68 mm.
  • the number of reliefs per linear meter of metal plate N relief is within the following range:
  • each relief has a pyramidal or semi-ellipsoid shape, for example of a semi-sphere or of a pyramid with a square base.
  • the base has the shape of an ellipse, for example a circle, or of a polygon.
  • each relief has a shape which widens towards the base.
  • the step of assembling the sealed plates comprises sealingly welding the metal plates to each other.
  • the metal plates are welded edge to edge.
  • the metal plates are welded to each other by means of additional metal parts which are welded astride the metal plates of the adjacent wall elements.
  • the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more anchoring members intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element.
  • the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more anchor plates.
  • the sealed plate comprises one or more thicker zones in which are formed one or more threads intended to receive a fixing stud.
  • the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more thermal protection strips along the edges of said metal plate.
  • the expandable insulating foam solution is not expanded against the metal plate.
  • the metal plate is glued to the layer of expanded insulating foam after its formation.
  • One or more thermal protection strips are positioned along the edges of the metal plate glued to the layer of expanded insulating foam;
  • the metal plate comprises one or more anchoring members intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element; and or .
  • the metal plate comprises one or more thicker zones in which are formed one or more threads intended to receive a fixing stud.
  • the expandable insulating foam solution is expanded in a rolling mill constraining the expansion of the insulating foam solution.
  • the rolling mill is a double strip rolling mill comprising a lower strip, an upper strip and side walls which together form a tunnel of rectangular section.
  • the rolling mill is arranged such that the stress on expansion of the expandable insulating foam solution leads to a layer of expanded insulating foam having a volume, at the outlet of the rolling mill representing between 92% and 99% of the expansion volume of this expandable insulation foam solution in the case of free expansion. This gives the layer of expanded insulating foam excellent mechanical performance.
  • each wall element comprises depositing one or more fiber reinforcements on the waterproof plate and impregnating said fiber reinforcements when the expandable insulating foam solution is placed against the waterproof plate.
  • the fiber reinforcements are fiber mats.
  • the fiber reinforcements are deposited parallel to each other and to the waterproof plate.
  • the fiber reinforcements comprise glass fibers which are bonded together by a resin, such as a polyurethane resin.
  • a support is adhered to one face of the layer of expanded insulating foam opposite to the waterproof plate.
  • the support is a plywood plate.
  • the support is bonded to the layer of expanded polymer foam.
  • the waterproof plate is placed on a conveyor belt, the expandable insulating foam solution is deposited against the waterproof plate resting on the conveyor belt and the waterproof plate is driven and the insulating foam solution to the rolling mill by means of said conveyor belt.
  • At least one face of the layer of expanded insulating foam opposite the waterproof plate is machined.
  • the face of the expanded insulating foam layer opposite the sealed plate is machined as it exits the rolling mill.
  • the invention also provides a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank obtained by means of the aforementioned method, said wall comprising a plurality of wall elements, each wall element comprising a sealed plate and a layer of expanded insulating foam adhering directly to the waterproof plate, said wall elements being anchored to a supporting structure and arranged one beside the other so that the layers of expanded insulating foam form a thermally insulating barrier, the waterproof plates of said wall elements being assembled in a sealed manner to one another so as to form at least part of a waterproofing membrane.
  • the invention also provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid comprising a said wall.
  • Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep-water structure, in particular an LNG vessel, a floating storage unit and regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO), and others.
  • FSRU floating storage unit and regasification
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • the invention provides a vessel for transporting a fluid, the vessel comprising a double hull and a above-mentioned tank, disposed in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a storage facility floating or land-based storage facility and a pump for driving fluid through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land-based storage facility to or from the vessel's vessel.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a multilayer structure of a wall of a membrane tank.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a wall element associating a waterproof plate intended to form part of a waterproofing membrane and a layer of expanded insulating foam intended to form a part of 'a thermally insulating barrier.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of an installation for the manufacture of a wall element.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a wall element according to another embodiment.
  • Figure 5 illustrates in detail the sealed plate of the wall element of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a detail view of a relief according to an alternative embodiment of the waterproof plate of Figure 5.
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view along the plane IV-IV of Figure 7
  • FIG. 9 schematically represents a wall element according to an alternative embodiment of FIG. 4.
  • Figure 10 shows schematically an area of a secondary wall element intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel according to one embodiment.
  • Figure 1 1 schematically shows a wall element according to another embodiment.
  • Figure 12 schematically shows a wall element according to another embodiment.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of the corrugated metal plate of the wall member of Figure 10.
  • Figure 14 is a cut-away schematic representation of an LNG vessel tank and a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
  • Figure 1 shows the structure of a wall 31 of a membrane tank.
  • the wall has a multilayer structure and comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 14 comprising secondary insulating panels 17 anchored to a supporting structure 15, a secondary membrane 13 resting against the thermally insulating barrier secondary 14, a primary thermally insulating barrier 12 comprising primary insulating panels 14 resting against the secondary membrane 13 and anchored to the supporting structure 15 or to the secondary insulating panels 14 and a primary membrane 1 which rests against the primary thermally insulating barrier 12 and which is intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
  • Each wall element 32 comprises a sealed plate 33 intended to form a part of one of the primary 1 and secondary 13 membranes and a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 intended to form a part of the corresponding thermally insulating barrier.
  • a method of manufacturing such a wall element 32 as well as an installation 35 making it possible to implement this method are described below in relation to FIG. 3.
  • the installation 35 comprises a conveyor belt 36, a distributor 37 for distributing an expandable insulating foam solution and a rolling mill 38.
  • the conveyor belt 36 is intended to receive the sealed plate 33 intended to form part of the 'one of the primary 1 and secondary 13 membranes of the vessel wall.
  • the waterproof plate 33 before being placed on the transport band 36, the waterproof plate 33 has previously been cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced.
  • the waterproof plate 33 is continuously disposed on the conveyor belt 36 and is cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced after the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 has been formed and expanded.
  • the conveyor belt 36 is also intended to receive fiber reinforcements 39, such as fiber mats.
  • the fiber reinforcements 39 are provided in coil form.
  • the fiber reinforcements 39 are unwound and brought parallel to one another against the waterproof plate 33.
  • the fiber reinforcements 39 are previously cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced.
  • the fiber reinforcements 39 are continuously arranged and cut after the formation and expansion of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
  • the fiber reinforcements 39 comprise for example glass fibers which are bonded together. they by a resin, such as a polyurethane resin.
  • the dispenser 37 is located above the conveyor belt 36. It is intended to dispense an expandable insulating foam solution 40 on the fiber reinforcements 39 and the waterproof plate 33.
  • the expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a mixture of chemical components, blowing agent (s) and possible other functional agents allowing the formation of an expanded insulating foam.
  • the components of the expandable foam solution are mixed in a mixer, not shown, before being fed to dispenser 37.
  • the expanded insulating foam to be manufactured is a polyurethane foam (PUR) or a polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).
  • the expandable insulating foam solution comprises at least one polyol, one polyisocyanate and one blowing agent, also designated by the expression blowing agent.
  • the polyol is for example chosen from polyether polyols, polyester polyols and mixtures thereof.
  • the polyisocyanate is, for example, chosen from aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and arylaliphatic polyisocyanates and mixtures thereof.
  • the blowing agent consists of a physical and / or chemical blowing agent, preferably a combination of the two types.
  • the physical expansion agent is chosen from alkanes and cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, fluoroalkanes, fluoroolefins having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms and tetraalkylsilanes having between 1 and 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular tetramethylsilane, or a mixture thereof.
  • the physical expansion agent chosen is 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluoropropane, or HFC-245fa, (marketed by the company Honeywell), 1, 1, 1, 3 , 3-pentafluorobutane, or 365mfc, (for example solkane® 365mfc marketed by the company Solvay), 2, 3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (also designated internationally as HFC-227ea, for example marketed by the company Dupont), 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (for example H FO FEA1 100 marketed by the company Dupont), trans-1 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (solstice LBA - Honeywell company) or a mixture of these.
  • the chemical blowing agent is water.
  • the expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a reaction catalyst which may for example be chosen from tertiary amines, such as N. Ndimethylcyclohexylamine or N, N-dimethylbenzylamine or from organo compounds -metallic based on bismuth, potassium or tin.
  • a reaction catalyst which may for example be chosen from tertiary amines, such as N. Ndimethylcyclohexylamine or N, N-dimethylbenzylamine or from organo compounds -metallic based on bismuth, potassium or tin.
  • the dispenser 37 is arranged to dispense the expandable insulating foam solution 40 evenly over the width of the sealed plate 33.
  • the dispenser 37 comprises one or more nozzles which are movable. transversely, that is to say horizontally and perpendicularly to the direction of advance of the conveyor belt 36.
  • the distributor 37 comprises a plurality of nozzles regularly distributed in the transverse horizontal direction, perpendicular to the direction of advance of the conveyor belt 36.
  • the expandable insulating foam solution 40 and in particular its viscosity are determined such that said solution impregnates the fiber reinforcements 39 and come into contact against the sealed plate 33 during the cream time, corresponding to the period between dispensing with the expandable insulating foam solution 40 and the start of foam expansion.
  • the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 having been expanded in contact with the waterproof plate 33, they adhere to one another.
  • the speed of advance of the conveyor belt 36 as well as the characteristics of the expandable insulating foam solution 40 are determined so that the cream time has elapsed but the expansion of the expandable insulating foam is not not complete when the assembly comprising the waterproof plate 33, the fiber reinforcements 39 and the insulating foam is introduced into the rolling mill 38. Note that the travel time between the mixing of the components and their dispensation by the distributor 37 can be neglected if the mixer is placed near the distributor 37.
  • the installation 35 comprises upstream of the rolling mill 38, a pressure system comprising one or more rollers which are arranged above the conveyor belt 36 and resting against the reinforcements of fibers 39.
  • the pressure system makes it possible in particular to control the thickness of the foam at the entrance to the rolling mill 38 and to give the upper surface good flatness.
  • the rolling mill 38 makes it possible to constrain the expansion of the foam and thus gradually harden the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 in the desired format.
  • the rolling mill 38 is a double band rolling mill 38, designated by the acronym DBL for “double band laminator” in English.
  • DBL double band laminator
  • Such a double strip rolling mill 38 comprises a lower strip 41, an upper strip 42 and side walls, not shown in FIG. 3, which together form a tunnel of rectangular or square section.
  • the positioning of the walls of the tunnel of the rolling mill 38 is defined such that the stress on the expansion of the foam leads to a volume of foam, at the outlet of the rolling mill 38 representing between 92% and 99% of the expansion volume of this same foam in the case of free expansion, that is to say without the stress of the walls of the rolling mill 38.
  • a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is obtained in which at least 60 %, generally more than 80% or even more than 90%, of the cells storing a gas with low thermal conductivity extend longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis of the thickness of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
  • it also contributes to better homogeneity of the distribution of the fiber reinforcements 39 in the foam block. This makes it possible to obtain a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.
  • the layer of insulating polymer foam is machined so that, on the one hand, the wall element 32 is cut to the desired dimensions and, on the other hand, in order to ensure the flatness at least the face of the polymer foam layer expanded insulation which is opposite to the sealed plate 33.
  • the flatness of the face of the wall member 32 formed by the sealed plate 33 is not to be rectified to ensure its flatness, which makes it possible to further simplify the production of the wall element 32.
  • the expansion of the expandable insulating foam is not carried out in a rolling mill.
  • the expansion is performed on a device having a lower band and side walls but no upper band to constrain the expansion of the expandable insulating foam. We speak in this case of free expansion.
  • the installation comprises upstream of the distributor 37, a glue distributor which is able to distribute glue on the sealed plate 33 and thus makes it possible to promote adhesion between the plate waterproof 33 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
  • the glue can for example be distributed in the form of drops or of a continuous or discontinuous film.
  • the wall element 32 further comprises a support 43 which adheres to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 on the face opposite to the waterproof plate 33.
  • the support 43 is a plywood plate 43.
  • the support 43 is glued to the layer of expanded polymer foam at the outlet of the rolling mill 38. This is advantageous in that it allows the machining of the face of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 intended to receive the support 43 before it is glued and thus makes it possible to obtain low tolerances on the thickness of the wall element 32 thus produced as a support
  • one or more wall elements 32 are anchored to a supporting structure 15, either directly if the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element or by being attached to the secondary membrane 13 or to the secondary thermally insulating barrier 14 if it is a primary wall element.
  • the wall elements 32 are advantageously of parallelepiped shape and are juxtaposed in parallel rows.
  • the interstices between the layers of expanded insulating foam 34 of the wall elements 32 are filled with insulating liner so as to form one of the thermally insulating barriers 12, 14.
  • the sealing plates 33 are sealingly connected between them. to each other to form one of the membranes 1, 13
  • the waterproof plate 33 comprises a film.
  • the film is a composite film which comprises an interposed aluminum foil between two layers of glass fibers and resin. Such a composite film is in particular marketed under the Triplex® brand.
  • the waterproof plate 33 is intended to form part of a secondary membrane 13.
  • the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element and is therefore attached directly to the supporting structure 15.
  • the wall elements 32 are for example anchored to the supporting structure 15 by means of resin beads and / or studs welded to the supporting structure 15, as described for example in document FR2691520.
  • the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is directly in contact against the composite film.
  • the face of the composite film which is intended to be brought into contact with the solution of extensible insulating foam 40 is previously coated with an adhesive making it possible to further increase the adhesion of the layer of insulating foam. foamed 34 on the composite film.
  • the waterproof plate 33 further comprises a layer of plywood which is bonded to the composite film and to which the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 adheres.
  • a wall element is described according to another embodiment.
  • This embodiment differs from the embodiment described above in that the waterproof plate 33 does not include a composite film but a metal plate 2 having reliefs 4.
  • the metal plate 2 shown in detail in Figure 5, comprises a flat portion 3 defining a plane of the plate and a plurality of reliefs 4 projecting from the flat portion 3 in a direction of thickness perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
  • the reliefs 4 are spaced from each other and distributed over the whole of the metal plate 2 so that it is not possible to draw a straight line in the plane of the plate without crossing a relief 4.
  • the metal plate 2 has reliefs in all directions of the plane of the plate.
  • the flat portion 3 thus separates the reliefs 4 from one another.
  • Each relief 4 comprises a base 5 and at least one vertex 6.
  • the reliefs are produced by forging, preferably stamping, or else by stamping, stamping, etc. According to one embodiment, the height of the reliefs is less than 20 mm, for example of the order of 10 mm.
  • the metal plate 2 is arranged on the transport band 36 so that the reliefs 4 project downward.
  • the expandable insulating foam solution 40 penetrates inside the reliefs 4 which makes it possible in particular to ensure good adhesion of the metal plate 2 to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
  • the metal plate 2 in order to prevent that the reliefs 4 are not crushed when the metal plate 2 passes through the rolling mill 38, the metal plate 2 is positioned on the conveyor belt 36 by means of a support with cavities having shapes each corresponding to one of the reliefs 4 .
  • the reliefs 4 have a circular base 5 and has a single apex 6 so as to form half-spheres or half-ellipsoids.
  • the reliefs 4 are here regularly distributed over the metal plate 2 but could, in another embodiment not shown, be irregularly distributed.
  • Figure 6 shows in section one of the reliefs of Figure 5 so as to represent the different dimensions of the relief 4.
  • the base 5 comprises in the plane of the plate a first dimension 7 and a second dimension 8 which in the case of the first embodiment are equal.
  • the first dimension 7 is equal to the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribed around the base 5 while the second dimension 8 is equal to the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base 5.
  • the distance between the vertex 6 and the base 5 in the thickness direction of the metal plate 2 defines the height 9 of the relief 4.
  • each relief 4 is spaced from an adjacent relief 4 by a distance less than or equal to once the first dimension 7 of the base 5.
  • the ratio of the second dimension 8 of the base 5 on the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 3.33.
  • the ratio of the first dimension 7 of the base 5 to the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 0.3.
  • Such a wall element 32 can form a secondary wall element or a primary wall element.
  • the metal plates 2 are welded edge to edge in a sealed manner to each other.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show an alternative embodiment of the reliefs 4 of the metal plate 2 of Figures 4 to 6.
  • the shape of the base 5 of the reliefs 4 is different from that of the first embodiment. production.
  • the base 5 is here a quadrilateral having a larger dimension 7 formed by the diagonal of the quadrilateral and a smaller dimension 8 formed by the smaller side of the quadrilateral.
  • the ratio between the first dimension 7 of the base 5 on the second dimension 8 of the base 5 is here equal to approximately 1.4 while the ratio between the second dimension 8 of base 4 over the height 9 of relief 4 is approximately equal to 2.5.
  • the ratio of the first dimension 7 of the base 5 to the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 0.56.
  • the metal plates 2 include reliefs of identical shape and size from one metal plate to another.
  • the reliefs 4 can have different shapes and sizes respecting the ratios described above and the metal plate 2 can also include more than two different series of reliefs.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a wall element 32 according to an alternative embodiment of FIG. 4.
  • the wall element 32 comprises below areas of the metal plate 2 intended to be welded to the metal plate 2 of an adjacent wall element 32, thermal protection strips 52.
  • the thermal protection strips 52 make it possible to protect the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 against temperatures liable to degrade it during the welding operations of the metal plates 2 to each other .
  • the waterproof plate 33 on which the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is dispensed comprises a metal plate 2 and thermal protection strips 52 which are glued to the metal plate 2, on the face of the metal plate 2 intended to receive the expandable insulating foam solution 40.
  • the thermal protection strips 52 are for example composite strips which comprise an aluminum foil sandwiched between two layers of glass fibers and of resin.
  • the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element.
  • the metal plate 2 shown in FIG. 9 incorporates one or more anchoring members 49 intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element 32.
  • the anchoring member 49 is for example a threaded stud which is fixed to the metal plate or a threaded nut which is intended to receive a threaded stud.
  • the wall element 32 comprises, in a zone intended to receive an anchoring device for a primary panel, an anchoring plate 50.
  • This anchoring plate 50 is arranged between the plate.
  • metal 2 is the layer of expanded insulating polymer foam 34 and makes it possible to locally reinforce the metal plate 2.
  • one or more acorn nuts 51 are fixed to the reinforcing plate 50.
  • the nut 51 has a thread cooperating with a bore formed in the anchoring plate 50.
  • the nut 51 comprises a collar which makes it possible to sandwich the metal plate 2 between the collar and the anchoring plate 50. The collar is welded at the periphery to the metal plate 2 in order to ensure tightness.
  • the nut 51 has a threaded blind bore intended to receive a fixing stud for an insulating panel of the primary thermally insulating barrier.
  • the sealed plate 33 on which is dispensed the expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a metal plate 2, the reinforcing plate 50 and a blind nut 51, as described above .
  • the anchor plate 50 is mounted in a housing made in a layer of plywood.
  • the waterproof plate 33 comprises a metal plate 2, the reinforcing plate 50, a blind nut 51 and a layer of plywood against which the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is dispensed.
  • the waterproof plate 33 comprises one or more thicker zones 53 in which are formed one or more threads 54 intended to receive a fixing stud of a primary insulating panel.
  • the sealed plate 33 is a corrugated metal plate 44.
  • a corrugated metal plate 44 is shown in perspective in Figure 11.
  • the corrugated metal plate 44 comprises a first series of parallel corrugations 45, called low, extending in a y direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 46, called high, extending in an x direction.
  • the x and y directions of the wave series are perpendicular.
  • the corrugated metal plate 44 has between the corrugations 45, 46, a plurality of flat surfaces 47. At each intersection between a low corrugation 45 and a high corrugation 46, the metal plate 1 comprises a node area 48.
  • the corrugated metal plate 44 can in particular be made of stainless steel, aluminum, Invar®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically between 1, 2.10 e. and 2.10 e K / 1 , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically of the order of 7.10 6 K 1 .
  • the use of other metals or alloys is also possible.
  • the waterproof plate 33 is such a corrugated metal plate 44, it is positioned on the conveyor belt 36 by means of a support having cavities corresponding to the shape of the corrugations 45, 46 and in which these are inserted. This prevents the corrugations 45, 46 from being crushed when the corrugated metal plate 44 passes through the rolling mill 38.
  • the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 penetrates into the corrugations 45, 46 which allows in particular to ensure good adhesion of the corrugated metal plate 44 to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
  • the corrugated metal plate 44 is intended to form part of a primary membrane 1 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is intended to form part of the primary thermally insulating barrier 12. According to a Another embodiment, the corrugated metal plate 44 is intended to form part of a secondary membrane 13 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is intended to form part of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 14.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 44 of the wall elements 32 are connected in a sealed manner to each other, either by being welded edge to edge to each other or by means of additional metal parts which are welded astride the corrugated metal plates 44 of the adjacent wall elements 32.
  • a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 170 shows a sealed and insulated tank 171 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 172 of the ship.
  • the wall of the vessel 171 comprises a primary membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary membrane arranged between the primary membrane and the double hull 172 of the vessel, and two thermally insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary membrane and the secondary membrane and between the secondary membrane and the double shell 172.
  • the loading / unloading pipes 173 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring an LNG cargo from or to the tank. 171.
  • FIG. 14 also shows an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 175, an underwater pipe 176 and an installation on land 177.
  • the loading and unloading station 175 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a movable arm 174 and a tower 178 which supports the movable arm 174
  • the movable arm 174 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 179 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 173.
  • the movable arm 174 can be orientated. suitable for all LNG carriers.
  • a connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 178.
  • the loading and unloading station 175 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 170 from or to the onshore installation 177.
  • the latter includes liquefied gas storage tanks 180 and connecting pipes 181 connected by the underwater pipe 176 to the loading or unloading station 175.
  • the underwater pipe 176 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 175 and the shore installation 177 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 170 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 170 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 177 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station are used. 175.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising at least one thermally insulating barrier and a sealing membrane bearing against the thermally insulating barrier, the method comprising: - manufacturing a plurality of wall elements, the manufacture of each wall element comprising: - providing a sealing plate; - placing a solution of expandable insulating foam against the sealing plate; and - expanding the solution of expandable insulating foam (40) against the sealing plate (33); - anchoring the wall elements (32) thus manufactured to a supporting structure; the layer of expanded insulating foam (34) of the wall elements (32) forming at least one portion of the thermally insulating barrier; and - sealingly assembling the sealing plates (33) of the wall elements (32) such that the sealing plates (33) form at least one portion of the sealing membrane.

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante Title of the invention: Method of manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank
Domaine technique Technical area
[0001] L’invention concerne le domaine des cuves, étanches et thermiquement isolantes, à membranes, pour le stockage et/ou le transport de fluide. En particulier, l’invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour le stockage et/ou le transport de gaz liquéfié à basse température, telles que des cuves pour le transport de Gaz de Pétrole Liquéfié (aussi appelé GPL) présentant par exemple une température comprise entre -50°C et 0°C, ou pour le transport de Gaz Naturel Liquéfié (GNL) à environ -162°C à pression atmosphérique. Ces cuves peuvent être installées à terre ou sur un ouvrage flottant. Dans le cas d’un ouvrage flottant, la cuve peut être destinée au transport de gaz liquéfié ou à recevoir du gaz liquéfié servant de carburant pour la propulsion de l’ouvrage flottant. [0001] The invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks, with membranes, for the storage and / or transport of fluid. In particular, the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquefied gas at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) exhibiting by example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at approximately -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure. These tanks can be installed on land or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied gas or to receive liquefied gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
[0002] L’invention se rapporte plus particulièrement à un procédé de fabrication d’une paroi d’une telle cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante. [0002] The invention relates more particularly to a method of manufacturing a wall of such a sealed and thermally insulating tank.
Arrière-plan technologique Technological background
[0003] Dans l’état de la technique, il est connu des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes à membranes. Les parois de ces cuves comportent une structure multicouche présentant de l’intérieur vers l’extérieur de la cuve, au moins une membrane étanche primaire destinée à être en contact avec le fluide stocké dans la cuve et une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et, optionnellement, une membrane secondaire et une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire. [0003] In the prior art, sealed and thermally insulating membrane tanks are known. The walls of these tanks include a multilayer structure having from the inside to the outside of the tank, at least one primary waterproof membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid stored in the tank and a primary thermally insulating barrier and, optionally, a secondary membrane and a secondary thermally insulating barrier.
[0004] Les barrières thermiquement isolantes comportent une pluralité de panneaux isolants qui sont juxtaposés selon des rangés parallèles. Les membranes primaire et secondaire sont respectivement supportées par les panneaux isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et ceux de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire. [0004] The thermally insulating barriers comprise a plurality of insulating panels which are juxtaposed in parallel rows. The primary and secondary membranes are respectively supported by the insulating panels of the primary thermally insulating barrier and those of the secondary thermally insulating barrier.
[0005] Les panneaux isolants comportent chacun une couche de mousse isolante expansée . [0005] The insulating panels each comprise a layer of expanded insulating foam.
La couche de mousse isolante expansée est réalisée par un procédé de moussage en expansion libre en continu. A la sortie du procédé de fabrication de la mousse, la mousse isolante est découpée aux dimensions souhaitées du panneau à réaliser. En outre, les faces internes et externes de la couche de mousse isolante sont rectifiées afin d’assurer leur planéité. Par la suite, des plaques de bois contreplaqués sont généralement collées contre l’une et/ou l’autre des faces interne et externe de la couche de mousse isolante expansée. The expanded insulating foam layer is produced by a continuous free expansion foaming process. At the end of the foam manufacturing process, the insulating foam is cut to the desired dimensions of the panel to be produced. In addition, the internal and external faces of the insulating foam layer are rectified in order to ensure their flatness. Subsequently, plywood sheets are usually glued against one and / or the other of the internal and external faces of the layer of expanded insulating foam.
[0006] Les membranes d’étanchéité sont soit des membranes métalliques, soit des membranes composites. Les membranes métalliques sont réalisées au moyen de tôles métalliques qui sont soudées, in-situ à l’intérieur de la cuve, les unes aux autres et sur des supports de soudures fixés sur les faces internes des panneaux isolants de manière à fixer les tôles métalliques aux panneaux isolants. Les membranes composites comportent des éléments de membrane rigides qui sont collés sur les faces internes des panneaux isolants. Des éléments de membrane souples sont collés à cheval sur les éléments de membrane rigides des panneaux isolants adjacents de manière à assurer l’étanchéité de la membrane composite. [0006] Sealing membranes are either metallic membranes or composite membranes. The metal membranes are made by means of metal sheets which are welded, in-situ inside the tank, to each other and on welding supports fixed to the internal faces of the insulating panels so as to fix the metal sheets. insulation panels. Composite membranes have rigid membrane elements that are bonded to the internal faces of the insulation boards. Flexible membrane elements are glued straddling the rigid membrane elements of adjacent insulation panels to seal the composite membrane.
[0007] Ainsi, la fabrication des parois des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes à membranes est particulièrement complexe et nécessite de nombreuses étapes. [0007] Thus, the manufacture of the walls of the sealed and thermally insulating membrane tanks is particularly complex and requires numerous steps.
Résumé summary
[0001] Une idée à la base de l’invention est de proposer un procédé de fabrication d’une paroi d’une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante à membranes qui soit plus simple et moins coûteux. [0001] An idea underlying the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating membrane tank which is simpler and less expensive.
[0002] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit un procédé de fabrication d'un paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant au moins une barrière thermiquement isolante et une membrane d’étanchéité reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante, le procédé comportant : [0002] According to one embodiment, the invention provides a method of manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising at least one thermally insulating barrier and a sealing membrane resting against the thermally insulating barrier, the method comprising:
- fabriquer une pluralité d’éléments de parois, la fabrication de chaque élément de paroi comportant : - manufacture a plurality of wall elements, the manufacture of each wall element comprising:
- fournir une plaque étanche ; - provide a waterproof plate;
- placer une solution de mousse isolante expansible contre la plaque étanche ; et - place an expanding insulating foam solution against the waterproof plate; and
- expanser la solution de mousse isolante expansible contre ladite plaque étanche de manière à réaliser une couche de mousse isolante expansée adhérant à la plaque étanche ; - Expanding the expandable insulating foam solution against said waterproof plate so as to produce a layer of expanded insulating foam adhering to the waterproof plate;
- ancrer lesdits éléments de paroi ainsi fabriqués à une structure porteuse ; la couche de mousse isolante expansée desdits éléments de paroi formant au moins une partie de la barrière thermiquement isolante ; et - Anchoring said wall elements thus manufactured to a supporting structure; the layer of expanded insulating foam of said wall elements forming at least part of the thermally insulating barrier; and
- assembler les plaques étanches desdits éléments de paroi de manière étanche de sorte que lesdites plaques étanches forment au moins une partie de la membrane d’étanchéité. [0003] Ainsi, selon un tel procédé, la couche de mousse isolante expansée destinée à former une partie de la barrière thermiquement isolante et la plaque étanche destinée à former une partie de la membrane d’étanchéité sont fixés l’un à l’autre directement lors de la fabrication de la couche de mousse isolante expansée. Ceci permet de simplifier considérablement la fabrication de la paroi. - Assemble the sealed plates of said wall elements in a sealed manner so that said sealed plates form at least part of the waterproofing membrane. [0003] Thus, according to such a method, the layer of expanded insulating foam intended to form a part of the thermally insulating barrier and the waterproof plate intended to form a part of the waterproofing membrane are fixed to one another directly during the manufacture of the expanded insulating foam layer. This makes it possible to considerably simplify the manufacture of the wall.
[0004] En outre, la plaque étanche forme une surface de référence lors du moussage de sorte que la planéité de la face de l’élément de paroi formée par la plaque étanche n’a pas à être rectifiée pour assurer sa planéité, ce qui permet de simplifier encore davantage la réalisation de l’élément de paroi. [0004] In addition, the sealed plate forms a reference surface during foaming so that the flatness of the face of the wall element formed by the sealed plate does not have to be rectified to ensure its flatness, which makes it possible to further simplify the production of the wall element.
[0005] Selon des modes de réalisation, un tel procédé peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes. [0005] According to embodiments, such a method may include one or more of the following characteristics.
[0006] Selon un mode de réalisation, la couche de mousse isolante expansée est une mousse de polyuréthane (PUR) ou une mousse de polyisocyanurate (PIR). [0006] According to one embodiment, the layer of expanded insulating foam is a polyurethane foam (PUR) or a polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).
[0007] Selon un mode de réalisation, la solution de mousse isolante expansible comporte au moins un polyol, un polyisocyanate et un agent d’expansion. [0007] According to one embodiment, the expandable insulating foam solution comprises at least one polyol, one polyisocyanate and one blowing agent.
[0008] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche comporte un film étanche. [0008] According to one embodiment, the waterproof plate comprises a waterproof film.
[0009] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’étape d'assemblage des plaques étanches comporte le collage d’un film étanche additionnel à cheval sur les films composites rigides. [0009] According to one embodiment, the step of assembling the waterproof plates comprises the bonding of an additional waterproof film straddling the rigid composite films.
[0010] Selon un mode de réalisation, le film étanche est un film composite rigide. [0010] According to one embodiment, the waterproof film is a rigid composite film.
[001 1 ] Selon un mode de réalisation, le film composite rigide comporte une feuille d’aluminium intercalée entre deux couches de fibres. [001 1] According to one embodiment, the rigid composite film comprises an aluminum sheet interposed between two layers of fibers.
[0012] Bien entendu, d’autres types de films étanches peuvent être réalisés. [0012] Of course, other types of waterproof films can be made.
[0013] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche comporte une plaque métallique. [0013] According to one embodiment, the sealed plate comprises a metal plate.
[0014] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque métallique comporte des ondulations. Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque métallique comporte deux séries d’ondulations parallèles, les ondulations de l’une des séries d’ondulations étant perpendiculaires aux ondulations de l’autre série d’ondulations. [0014] According to one embodiment, the metal plate has corrugations. In one embodiment, the metal plate has two sets of parallel waves, the waves of one of the sets of waves being perpendicular to the waves of the other set of waves.
[0015] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque métallique présente une pluralité de reliefs faisant saillie dans une direction d’épaisseur par rapport au plan de la plaque métallique. [0015] According to one embodiment, the metal plate has a plurality of reliefs projecting in a direction of thickness relative to the plane of the metal plate.
[0016] Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque relief comporte une base faisant la liaison entre le relief et la portion plane, et comportant au moins un sommet, la base comprenant dans le plan formé par la portion plane une première dimension égale au diamètre du plus petit cercle circonscrit autour de la base et une deuxième dimension égale au diamètre du plus grand cercle inscrit dans la base, et la distance entre le sommet et la base dans la direction d’épaisseur formant une hauteur du relief. On entend par le diamètre du plus petit cercle circonscrit autour de la base, le diamètre du plus petit cercle situé autour et à l’extérieur de la base, et ayant au moins deux points d’intersection avec la base de sorte que le cercle entoure la base sans la couper. Par exemple dans le cas d’une base triangulaire, ce cercle a pour centre le point d’intersection des médiatrices des côtés de la base. On entend par le diamètre du plus grand cercle inscrit dans la base, le diamètre du plus grand cercle situé à l’intérieur de la base et ayant au moins deux points d’intersection avec la base de sorte que le cercle soit situé entièrement dans la base sans la couper. Par exemple dans le cas d’une base triangulaire, ce cercle a pour centre le point d’intersection des bissectrices de la base. According to one embodiment, each relief comprises a base making the connection between the relief and the flat portion, and comprising at least one vertex, the base comprising in the plane formed by the flat portion a first dimension equal to the diameter of the smaller circle circumscribed around the base and a second dimension equal to the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base, and the distance between the top and the base in the thickness direction forming a height of the relief. By the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribed around the base, we mean the diameter of the smallest circle located around and outside the base, and having at least two points of intersection with the base so that the circle surrounds the base without cutting it. For example in the case of a triangular base, this circle has for center the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the base. The diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base is understood to mean the diameter of the largest circle located inside the base and having at least two points of intersection with the base so that the circle is located entirely in the base. base without cutting it. For example in the case of a triangular base, this circle has for center the point of intersection of the bisectors of the base.
[0017] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque métallique comporte dans toutes les directions du plan au moins un relief. [0017] According to one embodiment, the metal plate comprises in all directions of the plane at least one relief.
[0018] Selon un mode de réalisation, la hauteur du relief est inférieure à 20 mm, avantageusement comprise entre 8 mm et 20 mm, de préférence compris entre 10 mm et 14 mm. [0018] According to one embodiment, the height of the relief is less than 20 mm, advantageously between 8 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 14 mm.
[0019] Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque relief est écarté d’un relief adjacent dans toutes les directions du plan par une distance inférieure ou égale à 2 fois la première dimension de la base. [0019] According to one embodiment, each relief is separated from an adjacent relief in all directions of the plane by a distance less than or equal to 2 times the first dimension of the base.
[0020] Selon un mode de réalisation, le ratio de la première dimension de la base sur la hauteur du relief est inférieur ou égal à 2. [0020] According to one embodiment, the ratio of the first dimension of the base to the height of the relief is less than or equal to 2.
[0021] Selon un mode de réalisation, le ratio de la deuxième dimension de la base sur la hauteur du relief est inférieur ou égal à 0,6. [0021] According to one embodiment, the ratio of the second dimension of the base to the height of the relief is less than or equal to 0.6.
[0022] Selon un mode de réalisation, les reliefs sont réalisés par forgeage, de préférence emboutissage, ou bien par estampage, matriçage, etc. [0022] According to one embodiment, the reliefs are made by forging, preferably stamping, or else by stamping, die-stamping, etc.
[0023] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque métallique présente une épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 mm et 2 mm. [0023] According to one embodiment, the metal plate has a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
[0024] Selon un mode de réalisation, les plaques métalliques sont réalisées dans un matériau métallique dont le module d’Young est compris entre 130 GPa et 230 GPa. [0024] According to one embodiment, the metal plates are made of a metal material whose Young's modulus is between 130 GPa and 230 GPa.
[0025] Selon un mode de réalisation, les plaques métalliques sont réalisées dans un matériau métallique dont la limite élastique est supérieure à 170 MPa. [0026] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque métallique est réalisée en acier inoxydable ou en acier à haut manganèse. [0025] According to one embodiment, the metal plates are made of a metal material whose elastic limit is greater than 170 MPa. [0026] According to one embodiment, the metal plate is made of stainless steel or of high manganese steel.
[0027] Ainsi, pour un acier inoxydable ayant un module d’Young de 200 GPa, l'épaisseur minimale de la plaque est donc environ égale à 0,58 mm. Pour un acier à haut manganèse ayant un module d’Young de 170 GPa, l’épaisseur minimale de la plaque est donc environ égale à 0,68 mm. [0027] Thus, for a stainless steel having a Young's modulus of 200 GPa, the minimum thickness of the plate is therefore approximately equal to 0.58 mm. For a high manganese steel with a Young's modulus of 170 GPa, the minimum plate thickness is therefore approximately equal to 0.68 mm.
[0028] Selon un mode de réalisation, le nombre de reliefs par mètre linéaire de plaque métallique N relief est compris dans l’intervalle suivant : According to one embodiment, the number of reliefs per linear meter of metal plate N relief is within the following range:
avec a le coefficient de dilatation thermique de la plaque métallique en K-1, DT la différence de température entre la température ambiante et la température du fluide stocké dans la cuve en K, et h la hauteur du relief en mm. with a the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal plate in K -1 , DT the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the temperature of the fluid stored in the tank in K, and h the height of the relief in mm.
[0029] Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque relief présente une forme pyramidale ou de demi ellipsoïde, par exemple de demi-sphère ou de pyramide à base carré. [0029] According to one embodiment, each relief has a pyramidal or semi-ellipsoid shape, for example of a semi-sphere or of a pyramid with a square base.
[0030] Selon un mode de réalisation, la base présente une forme d’ellipse, par exemple un cercle, ou de polygone. [0030] According to one embodiment, the base has the shape of an ellipse, for example a circle, or of a polygon.
[0031] Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque relief présente une forme s’évasant vers la base. [0031] According to one embodiment, each relief has a shape which widens towards the base.
[0032] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’étape d’assemblage des plaques étanches comporte souder de manière étanche les plaques métalliques les unes aux autres. [0032] According to one embodiment, the step of assembling the sealed plates comprises sealingly welding the metal plates to each other.
[0033] Selon un mode de réalisation, les plaques métalliques sont soudées bord à bord. [0033] According to one embodiment, the metal plates are welded edge to edge.
[0034] Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les plaques métalliques sont soudées les unes aux autres au moyen de pièces métalliques supplémentaires qui sont soudées à cheval sur les plaques métalliques des éléments de paroi adjacents. [0034] According to another embodiment, the metal plates are welded to each other by means of additional metal parts which are welded astride the metal plates of the adjacent wall elements.
[0035] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche comporte une plaque métallique et un ou plusieurs organes d’ancrage destinés à l’ancrage d’un panneau isolant primaire sur ledit élément de paroi. [0035] According to one embodiment, the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more anchoring members intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element.
[0036] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche comporte une plaque métallique et une ou plusieurs plaques d’ancrage. [0036] According to one embodiment, the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more anchor plates.
[0037] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche comporte une ou plusieurs zones plus épaisses dans lesquelles sont ménagés un ou plusieurs taraudages destinés à recevoir un goujon de fixation. [0038] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche comporte une plaque métallique et une ou plusieurs bandes de protection thermique le long des bords de ladite plaque métallique. [0037] According to one embodiment, the sealed plate comprises one or more thicker zones in which are formed one or more threads intended to receive a fixing stud. [0038] According to one embodiment, the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate and one or more thermal protection strips along the edges of said metal plate.
[0039] Selon des variantes de réalisation non illustrées et non couverts par les revendications, la solution de mousse isolante expansible n’est pas expansée contre la plaque métallique. Ainsi, la plaque métallique est collée à la couche de mousse isolante expansée après sa formation. De telles variantes de réalisation peuvent être librement combinées avec les différentes caractéristiques des modes de réalisation décrits dans le présent document, et en particulier avec les caractéristiques suivantes : [0039] According to embodiments not shown and not covered by the claims, the expandable insulating foam solution is not expanded against the metal plate. Thus, the metal plate is glued to the layer of expanded insulating foam after its formation. Such variant embodiments can be freely combined with the different characteristics of the embodiments described in this document, and in particular with the following characteristics:
- une ou plusieurs bandes de protection thermique sont positionnées le long des bords de la plaque métallique collée sur la couche de mousse isolante expansée ; - One or more thermal protection strips are positioned along the edges of the metal plate glued to the layer of expanded insulating foam;
- la plaque métallique comporte un ou plusieurs organes d’ancrage destinés à l'ancrage d’un panneau isolant primaire sur ledit élément de paroi ; et/ou . - The metal plate comprises one or more anchoring members intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element; and or .
- la plaque métallique comporte une ou plusieurs zones plus épaisses dans lesquelles sont ménagés un ou plusieurs taraudages destinés à recevoir un goujon de fixation. - The metal plate comprises one or more thicker zones in which are formed one or more threads intended to receive a fixing stud.
[0040] Selon un mode de réalisation, la solution de mousse isolante expansible est expansée dans un laminoir contraignant l’expansion de la solution de mousse isolante. [0040] According to one embodiment, the expandable insulating foam solution is expanded in a rolling mill constraining the expansion of the insulating foam solution.
[0041] Selon un mode de réalisation, le laminoir est un laminoir à double bande comportant une bande inférieure, une bande supérieure et des parois latérales qui forment ensemble un tunnel de section rectangulaire. [0041] According to one embodiment, the rolling mill is a double strip rolling mill comprising a lower strip, an upper strip and side walls which together form a tunnel of rectangular section.
[0042] Selon un mode de réalisation, le laminoir est agencé de telle sorte que la contrainte à l’expansion de la solution de mousse isolante expansible conduit à une couche de mousse isolante expansée présentant un volume, en sortie du laminoir représentant entre 92% et 99% du volume d’expansion de cette solution de mousse isolante expansible dans le cas d'une expansion libre. Ceci permet de conférer à la couche de mousse isolante expansée d’excellentes performances mécaniques. [0042] According to one embodiment, the rolling mill is arranged such that the stress on expansion of the expandable insulating foam solution leads to a layer of expanded insulating foam having a volume, at the outlet of the rolling mill representing between 92% and 99% of the expansion volume of this expandable insulation foam solution in the case of free expansion. This gives the layer of expanded insulating foam excellent mechanical performance.
[0043] Selon un mode de réalisation, la fabrication de chaque élément de paroi comporte déposer un ou plusieurs renforts de fibres sur la plaque étanche et imprégner lesdits renforts de fibres lorsque la solution de mousse isolante expansible est placée contre la plaque étanche. [0043] According to one embodiment, the manufacture of each wall element comprises depositing one or more fiber reinforcements on the waterproof plate and impregnating said fiber reinforcements when the expandable insulating foam solution is placed against the waterproof plate.
[0044] Selon un mode de réalisation, les renforts de fibres sont des mats de fibres. [0044] According to one embodiment, the fiber reinforcements are fiber mats.
[0045] Selon un mode de réalisation, les renforts de fibres sont déposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et à la plaque étanche. [0046] Selon un mode de réalisation, les renforts de fibres comportent des fibres de verre qui sont liées entre elles par une résine, telle qu’une résine de polyuréthane. According to one embodiment, the fiber reinforcements are deposited parallel to each other and to the waterproof plate. According to one embodiment, the fiber reinforcements comprise glass fibers which are bonded together by a resin, such as a polyurethane resin.
[0047] Selon un mode de réalisation, lors de la fabrication de chaque élément de paroi, l’on fait adhérer un support à une face de la couche de mousse isolante expansée opposée à la plaque étanche. [0047] According to one embodiment, during the manufacture of each wall element, a support is adhered to one face of the layer of expanded insulating foam opposite to the waterproof plate.
[0048] Selon un mode de réalisation, le support est une plaque de bois contreplaqué. [0048] According to one embodiment, the support is a plywood plate.
[0049] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’on colle le support à la couche de mousse polymère expansée. [0049] According to one embodiment, the support is bonded to the layer of expanded polymer foam.
[0050] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’on place la plaque étanche sur une bande de transport, l’on dépose la solution de mousse isolante expansible contre la plaque étanche reposant sur le tapis de transport et l'on conduit la plaque étanche et la solution de mousse isolante jusqu’au laminoir au moyen de ladite bande de transport. According to one embodiment, the waterproof plate is placed on a conveyor belt, the expandable insulating foam solution is deposited against the waterproof plate resting on the conveyor belt and the waterproof plate is driven and the insulating foam solution to the rolling mill by means of said conveyor belt.
[0051 ] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’on usine au moins une face de la couche de mousse isolante expansée opposée à la plaque étanche. De manière avantageuse, lorsque l’on utilise un laminoir pour contraindre l’expansion de la solution de mousse isolante, la face de la couche de mousse isolante expansée opposée à la plaque étanche est usinée à la sortie du laminoir. [0051] According to one embodiment, at least one face of the layer of expanded insulating foam opposite the waterproof plate is machined. Advantageously, when a rolling mill is used to constrain the expansion of the insulating foam solution, the face of the expanded insulating foam layer opposite the sealed plate is machined as it exits the rolling mill.
[0052] Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit également une paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante obtenue au moyen du procédé précité, ladite paroi comportant une pluralité d'éléments de paroi, chaque élément de paroi comportant une plaque étanche et une couche de mousse isolante expansée adhérant directement à la plaque étanche, lesdits éléments de paroi étant ancrés à une structure porteuse et disposés les uns à côté des autres de sorte que les couches de mousse isolantes expansées forment une barrière thermiquement isolante, les plaques étanches desdits éléments de paroi étant assemblées de manière étanche les unes aux autres de sorte à former au moins une partie d’une membrane d’étanchéité. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank obtained by means of the aforementioned method, said wall comprising a plurality of wall elements, each wall element comprising a sealed plate and a layer of expanded insulating foam adhering directly to the waterproof plate, said wall elements being anchored to a supporting structure and arranged one beside the other so that the layers of expanded insulating foam form a thermally insulating barrier, the waterproof plates of said wall elements being assembled in a sealed manner to one another so as to form at least part of a waterproofing membrane.
[0053] La couche de mousse isolante expansée adhérant directement à la plaque étanche, il n'y donc pas de couche de colle intermédiaire. The layer of expanded insulating foam adhering directly to the waterproof plate, so there is no intermediate adhesive layer.
[0054] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit également une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un fluide comportant une paroi précitée. [0054] According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid comprising a said wall.
[0055] Une telle cuve peut faire partie d’une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO), et autres. Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep-water structure, in particular an LNG vessel, a floating storage unit and regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO), and others.
[0056] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit un navire pour le transport d’un fluide, le navire comportant une double coque et une cuve précitée, disposée dans la double coque. [0056] According to one embodiment, the invention provides a vessel for transporting a fluid, the vessel comprising a double hull and a above-mentioned tank, disposed in the double hull.
[0057] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. [0057] According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
[0058] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. [0058] According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a storage facility floating or land-based storage facility and a pump for driving fluid through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land-based storage facility to or from the vessel's vessel.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
[0059] L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l’invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés. The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will emerge more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration. and not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0060] [fig.1] La figure 1 est une illustration schématique d’une structure multicouche d’une paroi d’une cuve à membranes. [0060] [fig.1] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a multilayer structure of a wall of a membrane tank.
[0061] [fig.2] La figure 2 est une illustration schématique d'un élément de paroi associant une plaque étanche destinée à former une partie d’une membrane d’étanchéité et une couche de mousse isolante expansée destinée à former une partie d’une barrière thermiquement isolante. [0061] [fig.2] Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a wall element associating a waterproof plate intended to form part of a waterproofing membrane and a layer of expanded insulating foam intended to form a part of 'a thermally insulating barrier.
[0062] [fîg.3] La figure 3 est une illustration schématique d’une installation pour la fabrication d’un élément de paroi. [0062] [fîg.3] Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of an installation for the manufacture of a wall element.
[0063] [fig.4] La figure 4 illustre un élément de paroi selon un autre mode de réalisation. [0063] [fig.4] Figure 4 illustrates a wall element according to another embodiment.
[0064] [fig.5] La figure 5 illustre de manière détaillée la plaque étanche de l’élément de paroi de la figure 4. [0064] [Fig.5] Figure 5 illustrates in detail the sealed plate of the wall element of Figure 4.
[0065] [fig.6] La figure 6 est une vue en coupe schématique selon la ligne ll-ll de la figure 5. [0066] [fig.7] La figure 7 est une vue de détail d'un relief selon une variante de réalisation de la plaque étanche de la figure 5. [0065] [fig.6] Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 5. [0066] [fig.7] Figure 7 is a detail view of a relief according to an alternative embodiment of the waterproof plate of Figure 5.
[0067] [fig.8] La figure 8 est une vue en coupe selon le plan IV-IV de la figure 7 [0067] [fig.8] Figure 8 is a sectional view along the plane IV-IV of Figure 7
[0068] [Fig. 9] La figure 9 représente schématiquement un élément de paroi selon une variante de réalisation de la figure 4. [0068] [Fig. 9] FIG. 9 schematically represents a wall element according to an alternative embodiment of FIG. 4.
[0069] [Fig. 10] La figure 10 représente schématiquement une zone d’un élément de paroi secondaire destiné à l’ancrage d’un panneau isolant primaire selon un mode de réalisation. [0069] [Fig. 10] Figure 10 shows schematically an area of a secondary wall element intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel according to one embodiment.
[0070] [Fig. 1 1] La figure 1 1 représente schématiquement un élément de paroi selon un autre mode de réalisation. [0070] [Fig. 1 1] Figure 1 1 schematically shows a wall element according to another embodiment.
[0071 ] [Fig. 12] La figure 12 représente schématiquement un élément de paroi selon un autre mode de réalisation. [0071] [Fig. 12] Figure 12 schematically shows a wall element according to another embodiment.
[0072] [fig. 13] La figure 13 est une vue en perspective de la plaque métallique ondulée de l'élément de paroi de la figure 10. [0072] [fig. 13] Figure 13 is a perspective view of the corrugated metal plate of the wall member of Figure 10.
[0073] [fig. 14] La figure 14 est une représentation schématique écorchée d’une cuve de navire méthanier et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve. [0073] [fig. 14] Figure 14 is a cut-away schematic representation of an LNG vessel tank and a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of embodiments
[0074] La figure 1 représente la structure d’une paroi 31 d'une cuve à membranes. La paroi présente une structure multicouche et comporte, depuis l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de la cuve, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 14 comportant des panneaux isolants secondaires 17 ancrés à une structure porteuse 15, une membrane secondaire 13 reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 14, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 12 comportant des panneaux isolants primaires 14 reposant contre la membrane secondaire 13 et ancrés à la structure porteuse 15 ou aux panneaux isolants secondaires 14 et une membrane primaire 1 qui repose contre la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 12 et qui est destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve. [0074] Figure 1 shows the structure of a wall 31 of a membrane tank. The wall has a multilayer structure and comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 14 comprising secondary insulating panels 17 anchored to a supporting structure 15, a secondary membrane 13 resting against the thermally insulating barrier secondary 14, a primary thermally insulating barrier 12 comprising primary insulating panels 14 resting against the secondary membrane 13 and anchored to the supporting structure 15 or to the secondary insulating panels 14 and a primary membrane 1 which rests against the primary thermally insulating barrier 12 and which is intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
[0075] Pour réaliser une telle paroi, plusieurs éléments de paroi 32, dont l'un est représenté sur la figure 2, sont préalablement fabriqués. Chaque élément de paroi 32 comporte une plaque étanche 33 destinée à former une partie de l'une des membranes primaire 1 et secondaire 13 et une couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 destinée à former une partie de la barrière thermiquement isolante correspondante. [0076] Une méthode de fabrication d’un tel élément de paroi 32 ainsi qu’une installation 35 permettant de mettre oeuvre cette méthode sont décrites ci-dessous en relation avec la figure 3. To achieve such a wall, several wall elements 32, one of which is shown in Figure 2, are previously manufactured. Each wall element 32 comprises a sealed plate 33 intended to form a part of one of the primary 1 and secondary 13 membranes and a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 intended to form a part of the corresponding thermally insulating barrier. A method of manufacturing such a wall element 32 as well as an installation 35 making it possible to implement this method are described below in relation to FIG. 3.
[0077] L’installation 35 comporte une bande de transport 36, un distributeur 37 pour distribuer une solution de mousse isolante extensible et un laminoir 38. La bande de transport 36 est destinée à recevoir la plaque étanche 33 destinée à former une partie de l’une des membranes primaire 1 et secondaire 13 de la paroi de la cuve. Selon un mode de réalisation, avant d'être disposée sur la bande de transport 36, la plaque étanche 33 a préalablement été découpée aux dimensions de l’élément de paroi 32 à réaliser. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche 33 est disposée en continu sur la bande de transport 36 et est découpée aux dimensions de l’élément de paroi 32 à réaliser après que la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 ait été formée et expansée. The installation 35 comprises a conveyor belt 36, a distributor 37 for distributing an expandable insulating foam solution and a rolling mill 38. The conveyor belt 36 is intended to receive the sealed plate 33 intended to form part of the 'one of the primary 1 and secondary 13 membranes of the vessel wall. According to one embodiment, before being placed on the transport band 36, the waterproof plate 33 has previously been cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced. According to another embodiment, the waterproof plate 33 is continuously disposed on the conveyor belt 36 and is cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced after the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 has been formed and expanded.
[0078] En outre, comme représenté sur la figure 3, la bande de transport 36 est également destinée à recevoir des renforts de fibres 39, tels que des mats de fibres. Dans le mode de réalisation, les renforts de fibres 39 sont fournis sous forme de bobine. Les renforts de fibres 39 sont déroulés et amenés parallèlement les uns aux autres contre la plaque étanche 33. Selon un mode de réalisation, les renforts de fibres 39 sont préalablement découpés aux dimensions de l’élément de paroi 32 à réaliser. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les renforts de fibres 39 sont disposés en continu et découpés après la formation et l'expansion de la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34. Les renforts de fibres 39 comportent par exemple des fibres de verre qui sont liées entre-elles par une résine, telle qu’une résine de polyuréthane. In addition, as shown in Figure 3, the conveyor belt 36 is also intended to receive fiber reinforcements 39, such as fiber mats. In the embodiment, the fiber reinforcements 39 are provided in coil form. The fiber reinforcements 39 are unwound and brought parallel to one another against the waterproof plate 33. According to one embodiment, the fiber reinforcements 39 are previously cut to the dimensions of the wall element 32 to be produced. According to another embodiment, the fiber reinforcements 39 are continuously arranged and cut after the formation and expansion of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34. The fiber reinforcements 39 comprise for example glass fibers which are bonded together. they by a resin, such as a polyurethane resin.
[0079] Le distributeur 37 est situé au-dessus de la bande de transport 36. Il est destiné à dispenser une solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 sur les renforts de fibres 39 et la plaque étanche 33. La solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 comporte un mélange de composant chimiques, d'agent(s) gonflant(s) et d’éventuels autres agents fonctionnels permettant la formation d’une mousse isolante expansée. Les composants de la solution de mousse expansible sont mélangés dans un mélangeur, non représenté, avant d’être conduits au distributeur 37. The dispenser 37 is located above the conveyor belt 36. It is intended to dispense an expandable insulating foam solution 40 on the fiber reinforcements 39 and the waterproof plate 33. The expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a mixture of chemical components, blowing agent (s) and possible other functional agents allowing the formation of an expanded insulating foam. The components of the expandable foam solution are mixed in a mixer, not shown, before being fed to dispenser 37.
[0080] Selon un mode de réalisation, la mousse isolante expansée à fabriquer est une mousse de polyuréthane (PUR) ou une mousse de polyisocyanurate (PIR). Aussi, la solution de mousse isolante expansible comporte au moins un polyol, un polyisocyanate et un agent d’expansion, également désigné par l’expression agent gonflant. [0081 ] Le polyol est par exemple choisi parmi les polyols polyéther, les polyols polyester et leurs mélanges. Le polyisocyanate est, par exemple, choisi parmi les polyisocyanates aromatiques, aliphatiques, cycloaliphatiques, arylaliphatiques et leurs mélanges. According to one embodiment, the expanded insulating foam to be manufactured is a polyurethane foam (PUR) or a polyisocyanurate foam (PIR). Also, the expandable insulating foam solution comprises at least one polyol, one polyisocyanate and one blowing agent, also designated by the expression blowing agent. The polyol is for example chosen from polyether polyols, polyester polyols and mixtures thereof. The polyisocyanate is, for example, chosen from aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and arylaliphatic polyisocyanates and mixtures thereof.
[0082] L’agent gonflant consiste en un agent d’expansion physique et/ou chimique, de préférence une combinaison des deux types. Selon un mode de réalisation, l’agent d’expansion physique est choisi parmi les alcanes et les cycloalcanes ayant au moins 4 atomes de carbone, les éthers dialkyls, les esters, les cétones, les acétals, les fluoroalcanes, les fluoro-oléfines ayant entre 1 et 8 atomes de carbone et les tétraalkylsilanes ayant entre 1 et 3 atomes de carbone dans la chaîne alkyle, en particulier le tétraméthylsilane, ou un mélange de ceux-ci. Selon un autre mode de réalsation, l’agent d’expansion physique choisi est le 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3-pentafluoropropane , ou HFC-245fa, (commercialisé par la société Honeywell), le 1 ,1 , 1 ,3,3-pentafluorobutane, ou 365mfc, (par exemple le solkane® 365mfc commercialisé par la société Solvay), le 2, 3,3,3- tétrafluoroprop-1-ene, le 1 , 1 , 1 ,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (également désigné internationalement en tant que le HFC-227ea, par exemple commercialisé par la société Dupont), le 1 , 1 , 1 ,4,4,4-hexafluorobutène (par exemple le H FO FEA1 100 commercialisé par la société Dupont), le trans- 1 -chloro-3,3,3- trifluoropropene (solstice LBA - société Honeywell) ou un mélange de ceux-ci. Selon un mode de réalisation, l’agent d'expansion chimique consiste en de l’eau. [0082] The blowing agent consists of a physical and / or chemical blowing agent, preferably a combination of the two types. According to one embodiment, the physical expansion agent is chosen from alkanes and cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, fluoroalkanes, fluoroolefins having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms and tetraalkylsilanes having between 1 and 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular tetramethylsilane, or a mixture thereof. According to another embodiment, the physical expansion agent chosen is 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluoropropane, or HFC-245fa, (marketed by the company Honeywell), 1, 1, 1, 3 , 3-pentafluorobutane, or 365mfc, (for example solkane® 365mfc marketed by the company Solvay), 2, 3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (also designated internationally as HFC-227ea, for example marketed by the company Dupont), 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (for example H FO FEA1 100 marketed by the company Dupont), trans-1 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (solstice LBA - Honeywell company) or a mixture of these. According to one embodiment, the chemical blowing agent is water.
[0083] Selon un mode de réalisation, la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 comporte un catalyseur de réaction qui pourra par exemple être choisi parmi les amines tertiaires, telles que la N.Ndiméthylcyclohexylamine ou la N,N-diméthylbenzylamine ou parmi les composés organo-métalliques à base de bismuth, de potassium ou d'étain. According to one embodiment, the expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a reaction catalyst which may for example be chosen from tertiary amines, such as N. Ndimethylcyclohexylamine or N, N-dimethylbenzylamine or from organo compounds -metallic based on bismuth, potassium or tin.
[0084] Le distributeur 37 est agencé pour dispenser la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 de manière régulière sur la largeur de la plaque étanche 33. Pour ce faire, selon un mode de réalisation, le distributeur 37 comporte une ou plusieurs buses qui sont mobiles transversalement, c’est-à-dire horizontalement et perpendiculairement à la direction d’avance de la bande de transport 36. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le distributeur 37 comporte une pluralité de buses régulièrement réparties selon la direction horizontale transversale, perpendiculaire à la direction d’avance de la bande de transport 36. The dispenser 37 is arranged to dispense the expandable insulating foam solution 40 evenly over the width of the sealed plate 33. To do this, according to one embodiment, the dispenser 37 comprises one or more nozzles which are movable. transversely, that is to say horizontally and perpendicularly to the direction of advance of the conveyor belt 36. According to another embodiment, the distributor 37 comprises a plurality of nozzles regularly distributed in the transverse horizontal direction, perpendicular to the direction of advance of the conveyor belt 36.
[0085] La solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 et en particulier sa viscosité sont déterminées de telle sorte que ladite solution imprègne les renforts de fibres 39 et viennent en contact contre la plaque étanche 33 au cours du temps de crème, correspondant à la période entre la dispense de la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 et le début de l’expansion de la mousse. Ainsi, la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 ayant été expansée en contact avec la plaque étanche 33, elles adhèrent l’une à l'autre. The expandable insulating foam solution 40 and in particular its viscosity are determined such that said solution impregnates the fiber reinforcements 39 and come into contact against the sealed plate 33 during the cream time, corresponding to the period between dispensing with the expandable insulating foam solution 40 and the start of foam expansion. Thus, the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 having been expanded in contact with the waterproof plate 33, they adhere to one another.
[0086] La vitesse d’avance de la bande de transport 36 ainsi que les caractéristiques de la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 sont déterminées de sorte que le temps de crème est écoulé mais que l’expansion de la mousse isolante expansible n’est pas complète lorsque l'ensemble comportant la plaque étanche 33, les renforts de fibres 39 et la mousse isolante est introduit dans le laminoir 38. Notons que le temps de parcours entre le mélange des composants et leur dispense par le distributeur 37 peut être négligée si le mélangeur est disposé à proximité du distributeur 37. The speed of advance of the conveyor belt 36 as well as the characteristics of the expandable insulating foam solution 40 are determined so that the cream time has elapsed but the expansion of the expandable insulating foam is not not complete when the assembly comprising the waterproof plate 33, the fiber reinforcements 39 and the insulating foam is introduced into the rolling mill 38. Note that the travel time between the mixing of the components and their dispensation by the distributor 37 can be neglected if the mixer is placed near the distributor 37.
[0087] Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, l’installation 35 comporte en amont du laminoir 38, un système de pression comportant un ou plusieurs rouleaux qui sont disposés au-dessus de la bande de transport 36 et en appui contre les renforts de fibres 39. Le système de pression permet notamment de contrôler l'épaisseur de la mousse à l’entrée dans le laminoir 38 et de donner à la surface supérieure une bonne planéité. In an embodiment not shown, the installation 35 comprises upstream of the rolling mill 38, a pressure system comprising one or more rollers which are arranged above the conveyor belt 36 and resting against the reinforcements of fibers 39. The pressure system makes it possible in particular to control the thickness of the foam at the entrance to the rolling mill 38 and to give the upper surface good flatness.
[0088] Le laminoir 38 permet de contraindre l’expansion de la mousse et de durcir ainsi progressivement la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 dans le format désiré. Selon un mode de réalisation, le laminoir 38 est un laminoir 38 à double bande, désigné par le sigle DBL pour « double band laminator » en langue anglaise. Un tel laminoir 38 à double bande comporte une bande inférieure 41 , une bande supérieure 42 et des parois latérales, non représentées sur la figure 3, qui forment ensemble un tunnel de section rectangulaire ou carré. The rolling mill 38 makes it possible to constrain the expansion of the foam and thus gradually harden the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 in the desired format. According to one embodiment, the rolling mill 38 is a double band rolling mill 38, designated by the acronym DBL for “double band laminator” in English. Such a double strip rolling mill 38 comprises a lower strip 41, an upper strip 42 and side walls, not shown in FIG. 3, which together form a tunnel of rectangular or square section.
[0089] De manière avantageuse, le positionnement des parois du tunnel du laminoir 38 est défini de telle sorte que la contrainte à l’expansion de la mousse conduit à un volume de mousse, en sortie du laminoir 38 représentant entre 92% et 99% du volume d’expansion de cette même mousse dans le cas d’une expansion libre, c’est-à-dire sans la contrainte des parois du laminoir 38. Ainsi, on obtient une couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 dans lequel au moins 60%, généralement plus de 80% voire plus de 90%, des cellules emmagasinant un gaz à faible conductivité thermique s'étendent longitudinalement suivant un axe parallèle à l'axe de l’épaisseur de la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34. En outre, on contribue également à une meilleure homogénéité de la répartition des renforts de fibres 39 dans le bloc de mousse. Ceci permet d’obtenir une couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 présentant d’excellentes propriétés mécaniques. Advantageously, the positioning of the walls of the tunnel of the rolling mill 38 is defined such that the stress on the expansion of the foam leads to a volume of foam, at the outlet of the rolling mill 38 representing between 92% and 99% of the expansion volume of this same foam in the case of free expansion, that is to say without the stress of the walls of the rolling mill 38. Thus, a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is obtained in which at least 60 %, generally more than 80% or even more than 90%, of the cells storing a gas with low thermal conductivity extend longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis of the thickness of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34. In addition, it also contributes to better homogeneity of the distribution of the fiber reinforcements 39 in the foam block. This makes it possible to obtain a layer of expanded insulating foam 34 exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.
[0090] A la sortie du laminoir 38, la couche de mousse polymère isolante est usinée afin, d’une part, que l’élément de paroi 32 soit découpé aux dimensions souhaitées et, d’autre part, afin d’assurer la planéité d'au moins la face de la couche de mousse polymère isolante expansée qui est opposée à la plaque étanche 33. Grâce à l’utilisation d’une plaque étanche 33 formant une surface de référence, la planéité de la face de l’élément de paroi 32 formée par la plaque étanche 33 n’a pas à être rectifiée pour assurer sa planéité, ce qui permet de simplifier encore davantage la réalisation de l’élément de paroi 32. On leaving the rolling mill 38, the layer of insulating polymer foam is machined so that, on the one hand, the wall element 32 is cut to the desired dimensions and, on the other hand, in order to ensure the flatness at least the face of the polymer foam layer expanded insulation which is opposite to the sealed plate 33. By using a sealed plate 33 forming a reference surface, the flatness of the face of the wall member 32 formed by the sealed plate 33 is not to be rectified to ensure its flatness, which makes it possible to further simplify the production of the wall element 32.
[0091] Selon un autre mode de réalisation non représenté, l’expansion de la mousse isolante expansible n'est pas réalisée dans un laminoir. En d’autres termes, l’expansion est réalisée sur un dispositif comportant une bande inférieure et des parois latérales mais pas de bande supérieure visant à contraindre l’expansion de la mousse isolante expansible. On parle dans ce cas d’expansion libre. [0091] According to another embodiment not shown, the expansion of the expandable insulating foam is not carried out in a rolling mill. In other words, the expansion is performed on a device having a lower band and side walls but no upper band to constrain the expansion of the expandable insulating foam. We speak in this case of free expansion.
[0092] Selon un mode de réalisation, non représenté, l’installation comporte en amont du distributeur 37, un distributeur de colle qui est apte à distribuer de la colle sur la plaque étanche 33 et permet ainsi de favoriser l’adhésion entre la plaque étanche 33 et la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34. La colle peut par exemple être distribuée sous la forme de gouttes ou d’un film continu ou discontinu. According to one embodiment, not shown, the installation comprises upstream of the distributor 37, a glue distributor which is able to distribute glue on the sealed plate 33 and thus makes it possible to promote adhesion between the plate waterproof 33 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34. The glue can for example be distributed in the form of drops or of a continuous or discontinuous film.
[0093] Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, comme représenté sur la figure 2, l’élément de paroi 32 comporte en outre un support 43 qui adhère à la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 sur la face opposée à la plaque étanche 33. Selon un mode de réalisation, le support 43 est une plaque de bois contreplaqué 43. Le support 43 est collé à la couche de mousse polymère expansée à la sortie du laminoir 38. Ceci est avantageux en ce que cela autorise l'usinage de la face de la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 destinée à recevoir le support 43 avant qu'il ne soit collé et permet ainsi d’obtenir de faibles tolérances sur l’épaisseur de l’élément de paroi 32 ainsi réalisé support According to an advantageous embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the wall element 32 further comprises a support 43 which adheres to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 on the face opposite to the waterproof plate 33. According to one embodiment, the support 43 is a plywood plate 43. The support 43 is glued to the layer of expanded polymer foam at the outlet of the rolling mill 38. This is advantageous in that it allows the machining of the face of the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 intended to receive the support 43 before it is glued and thus makes it possible to obtain low tolerances on the thickness of the wall element 32 thus produced as a support
[0094] Par la suite, un ou plusieurs éléments de paroi 32, réalisés au moyen de la méthode décrite ci-dessus, sont ancrés à une structure porteuse 15, soit directement si l’élément de paroi 32 est un élément de paroi secondaire soit en étant fixés à la membrane secondaire 13 ou à la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 14 s’il s’agit d’un élément de paroi primaire. Les éléments de paroi 32 sont avantageusement de forme parallélépipédique et sont juxtaposés selon des rangées parallèles. Les interstices entre les couches de mousse isolante expansée 34 des éléments de paroi 32 sont comblés avec de la garniture isolante de manière à former l’une des barrières thermiquement isolantes 12, 14. En outre, les plaques étanches 33 sont reliées de manière étanche les unes aux autres afin de former l’une des membranes 1 , 13 Subsequently, one or more wall elements 32, produced by means of the method described above, are anchored to a supporting structure 15, either directly if the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element or by being attached to the secondary membrane 13 or to the secondary thermally insulating barrier 14 if it is a primary wall element. The wall elements 32 are advantageously of parallelepiped shape and are juxtaposed in parallel rows. The interstices between the layers of expanded insulating foam 34 of the wall elements 32 are filled with insulating liner so as to form one of the thermally insulating barriers 12, 14. Further, the sealing plates 33 are sealingly connected between them. to each other to form one of the membranes 1, 13
[0095] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche 33 comporte un film. Selon un mode de réalisation, le film est un film composite qui comporte une feuille d'aluminium intercalée entre deux couches de fibres de verres et de résine. Un tel film composite est notamment commercialisé sous la marque Triplex ®, Dans un tel cas, le plaque étanche 33 est destinée à former une partie d'une membrane secondaire 13. Aussi, l’élément de paroi 32 est un élément de paroi secondaire et est par conséquent fixé directement à la structure porteuse 15. Les éléments de paroi 32 sont par exemple ancrés à la structure porteuse 15 au moyen de cordons de résine et/ou de goujons soudés sur la structure porteuse 15, tel que décrit par exemple dans le document FR2691520. According to one embodiment, the waterproof plate 33 comprises a film. According to one embodiment, the film is a composite film which comprises an interposed aluminum foil between two layers of glass fibers and resin. Such a composite film is in particular marketed under the Triplex® brand. In such a case, the waterproof plate 33 is intended to form part of a secondary membrane 13. Also, the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element and is therefore attached directly to the supporting structure 15. The wall elements 32 are for example anchored to the supporting structure 15 by means of resin beads and / or studs welded to the supporting structure 15, as described for example in document FR2691520.
[0096] Selon un mode de réalisation, lors de la fabrication de l'élément de paroi 32, la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 est directement en contact contre le film composite. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la face du film composite qui est destinée à être mise en contact avec la solution de mousse isolante extensible 40 est préalablement revêtue d’une colle permettant d’augmenter encore davantage l’adhésion de la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 sur le film composite. Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche 33 comporte en outre une couche de bois contreplaqué qui est collée sur le film composite et à laquelle adhère la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34. According to one embodiment, during the manufacture of the wall element 32, the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is directly in contact against the composite film. According to another embodiment, the face of the composite film which is intended to be brought into contact with the solution of extensible insulating foam 40 is previously coated with an adhesive making it possible to further increase the adhesion of the layer of insulating foam. foamed 34 on the composite film. According to yet another embodiment, the waterproof plate 33 further comprises a layer of plywood which is bonded to the composite film and to which the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 adheres.
[0097] Lorsque les éléments de paroi 32 sont fixés à la structure porteuse 15, des films composites souples sont collés à cheval sur les films composites des éléments de paroi 32 adjacents afin d’assurer une jonction étanche et réaliser ainsi la membrane secondaire When the wall elements 32 are attached to the supporting structure 15, flexible composite films are stuck on the composite films of the adjacent wall elements 32 in order to ensure a tight junction and thus achieve the secondary membrane
13. 13.
[0098] En relation avec les figures 4 à 6, on décrit un élément de paroi selon un autre mode de réalisation. Ce mode de réalisation diffère du mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus en ce que la plaque étanche 33 ne comporte pas un film composite mais une plaque métallique 2 présentant des reliefs 4. In relation to Figures 4 to 6, a wall element is described according to another embodiment. This embodiment differs from the embodiment described above in that the waterproof plate 33 does not include a composite film but a metal plate 2 having reliefs 4.
[0099] La plaque métallique 2, représentée de manière détaillée sur la figure 5, comporte une portion plane 3 définissant un plan de la plaque et une pluralité de reliefs 4 faisant saillie de la portion plane 3 dans une direction d’épaisseur perpendiculaire au plan de la plaque. The metal plate 2, shown in detail in Figure 5, comprises a flat portion 3 defining a plane of the plate and a plurality of reliefs 4 projecting from the flat portion 3 in a direction of thickness perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
[0100] Les reliefs 4 sont espacés les uns des autres et répartis sur l’ensemble de la plaque métallique 2 de façon qu'il ne soit pas possible de tracer une ligne droite dans le plan de la plaque sans traverser un relief 4. En effet, en vue d’assurer la contraction de la plaque métallique 2 lorsque la cuve est chargée ou sa dilatation lorsque la cuve est vidée, la plaque métallique 2 présente des reliefs dans toutes les directions du plan de la plaque. La portion plane 3 sépare ainsi les reliefs 4 les uns des autres. Chaque relief 4 comporte une base 5 et au moins un sommet 6. Les reliefs sont réalisés par forgeage, de préférence emboutissage, ou bien par estampage, matriçage, etc. Selon un mode de réalisation, la hauteur des reliefs est inférieure à 20 mm, par exemple de l’ordre de 10 mm. [0101] Pour réaliser un élément de paroi 32, tel que représenté sur la figure 4, le plaque métallique 2 est disposée sur la bande de transport 36 de manière que les reliefs 4 fassent saillie vers le bas. La solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 pénètre à l’intérieur des reliefs 4 ce qui permet notamment d’assurer une bonne adhésion de la plaque métallique 2 à la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34. Selon un mode de réalisation, afin d'éviter que les reliefs 4 ne soient écrasés lorsque la plaque métallique 2 passe dans le laminoir 38, la plaque métallique 2 est positionnée sur la bande de transport 36 au moyen d’un support avec des cavités ayant des formes correspondant chacune à l’un des reliefs 4. [0100] The reliefs 4 are spaced from each other and distributed over the whole of the metal plate 2 so that it is not possible to draw a straight line in the plane of the plate without crossing a relief 4. In Indeed, in order to ensure the contraction of the metal plate 2 when the tank is loaded or its expansion when the tank is emptied, the metal plate 2 has reliefs in all directions of the plane of the plate. The flat portion 3 thus separates the reliefs 4 from one another. Each relief 4 comprises a base 5 and at least one vertex 6. The reliefs are produced by forging, preferably stamping, or else by stamping, stamping, etc. According to one embodiment, the height of the reliefs is less than 20 mm, for example of the order of 10 mm. [0101] To produce a wall element 32, as shown in FIG. 4, the metal plate 2 is arranged on the transport band 36 so that the reliefs 4 project downward. The expandable insulating foam solution 40 penetrates inside the reliefs 4 which makes it possible in particular to ensure good adhesion of the metal plate 2 to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34. According to one embodiment, in order to prevent that the reliefs 4 are not crushed when the metal plate 2 passes through the rolling mill 38, the metal plate 2 is positioned on the conveyor belt 36 by means of a support with cavities having shapes each corresponding to one of the reliefs 4 .
[0102] Comme représenté sur les figures 5 et 6, les reliefs 4 ont une base 5 circulaire et présente un unique sommet 6 de sorte à former des demi-sphères ou demi-ellipsoïdes. Les reliefs 4 sont ici régulièrement répartis sur la plaque métallique 2 mais pourraient, dans un autre mode de réalisation non représenté, être irrégulièrement répartis. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the reliefs 4 have a circular base 5 and has a single apex 6 so as to form half-spheres or half-ellipsoids. The reliefs 4 are here regularly distributed over the metal plate 2 but could, in another embodiment not shown, be irregularly distributed.
[0103] La figure 6 représente en coupe l’un des reliefs de la figure 5 de façon à représenter les différentes dimensions du relief 4. La base 5 comporte dans le plan de la plaque une première dimension 7 et une deuxième dimension 8 qui dans le cas du premier mode de réalisation sont égales. La première dimension 7 est égale au diamètre du plus petit cercle circonscrit autour de la base 5 tandis que la deuxième dimension 8 est égale au diamètre du plus grand cercle inscrit dans la base 5. De plus, la distance entre le sommet 6 et la base 5 dans la direction d’épaisseur de la plaque métallique 2 définit la hauteur 9 du relief 4. [0103] Figure 6 shows in section one of the reliefs of Figure 5 so as to represent the different dimensions of the relief 4. The base 5 comprises in the plane of the plate a first dimension 7 and a second dimension 8 which in the case of the first embodiment are equal. The first dimension 7 is equal to the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribed around the base 5 while the second dimension 8 is equal to the diameter of the largest circle inscribed in the base 5. In addition, the distance between the vertex 6 and the base 5 in the thickness direction of the metal plate 2 defines the height 9 of the relief 4.
[0104] Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 6, chaque relief 4 est écarté d’un relief adjacent 4 d’une distance inférieure ou égale à une fois la première dimension 7 de la base 5. Le ratio de la deuxième dimension 8 de la base 5 sur la hauteur 9 du relief 4 est environ égal à 3,33. Ainsi le ratio de la première dimension 7 de la base 5 sur la hauteur 9 du relief 4 est environ égal à 0.3. [0104] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, each relief 4 is spaced from an adjacent relief 4 by a distance less than or equal to once the first dimension 7 of the base 5. The ratio of the second dimension 8 of the base 5 on the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 3.33. Thus the ratio of the first dimension 7 of the base 5 to the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 0.3.
[0105] Un tel élément de paroi 32 peut former un élément de paroi secondaire ou un élément de paroi primaire. Lorsque les éléments de paroi 32 sont ancrés à la structure porteuse 15, les plaques métalliques 2 sont soudées bord à bord de manière étanche les unes aux autres. [0105] Such a wall element 32 can form a secondary wall element or a primary wall element. When the wall elements 32 are anchored to the supporting structure 15, the metal plates 2 are welded edge to edge in a sealed manner to each other.
[0106] Les figures 7 et 8 représentent une variante de réalisation des reliefs 4 de la plaque métallique 2 des figures 4 à 6. Dans cette variante de réalisation, la forme de la base 5 des reliefs 4 est différente de celle du premier mode de réalisation. En effet, la base 5 est ici un quadrilatère ayant une plus grande dimension 7 formée par la diagonale du quadrilatère et une plus petite dimension 8 formée par le plus petit côté du quadrilatère. Le ratio entre la première dimension 7 de la base 5 sur la deuxième dimension 8 de la base 5 est ici égal à environ 1 ,4 tandis que le ratio entre la deuxième dimension 8 de la base 4 sur la hauteur 9 du relief 4est environ égal à 2,5. Ainsi, le ratio de la première dimension 7 de la base 5 sur la hauteur 9 du relief 4 est environ égal à 0,56. [0106] Figures 7 and 8 show an alternative embodiment of the reliefs 4 of the metal plate 2 of Figures 4 to 6. In this alternative embodiment, the shape of the base 5 of the reliefs 4 is different from that of the first embodiment. production. Indeed, the base 5 is here a quadrilateral having a larger dimension 7 formed by the diagonal of the quadrilateral and a smaller dimension 8 formed by the smaller side of the quadrilateral. The ratio between the first dimension 7 of the base 5 on the second dimension 8 of the base 5 is here equal to approximately 1.4 while the ratio between the second dimension 8 of base 4 over the height 9 of relief 4 is approximately equal to 2.5. Thus, the ratio of the first dimension 7 of the base 5 to the height 9 of the relief 4 is approximately equal to 0.56.
[0107] Dans les deux premiers modes de réalisation, les plaques métalliques 2 comprennent des reliefs de forme et taille identique d’une plaque métallique à l’autre. Dans d’autres modes de réalisation non illustrés, les reliefs 4 peuvent posséder des formes et tailles différentes respectant les ratios décrits ci-dessus et la plaque métallique 2 peut également comprendre plus de deux séries de relief différentes. [0107] In the first two embodiments, the metal plates 2 include reliefs of identical shape and size from one metal plate to another. In other embodiments not illustrated, the reliefs 4 can have different shapes and sizes respecting the ratios described above and the metal plate 2 can also include more than two different series of reliefs.
[0108] La figure 9 illustre un élément de paroi 32 selon une variante de réalisation de la figure 4. L’élément de paroi 32 comporte en-dessous des zones de la plaque métallique 2 destinées à être soudées à la plaque métallique 2 d’un élément de paroi 32 adjacent, des bandes de protection thermique 52. Les bandes de protection thermique 52 permettent de protéger la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 contre des températures susceptibles de la dégrader lors des opérations de soudage des plaques métalliques 2 les unes aux autres. Pour réaliser un tel élément de paroi 32, la plaque étanche 33 sur laquelle est dispensée la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 comporte une plaque métallique 2 et des bandes de protection thermique 52 qui sont collés à la plaque métallique 2, sur la face de la plaque métallique 2 destinée à recevoir la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40. Les bandes de protection thermique 52 sont par exemple des bandes composites qui comportent une feuille d’aluminium intercalée entre deux couches de fibres de verres et de résine. [0108] FIG. 9 illustrates a wall element 32 according to an alternative embodiment of FIG. 4. The wall element 32 comprises below areas of the metal plate 2 intended to be welded to the metal plate 2 of an adjacent wall element 32, thermal protection strips 52. The thermal protection strips 52 make it possible to protect the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 against temperatures liable to degrade it during the welding operations of the metal plates 2 to each other . To produce such a wall element 32, the waterproof plate 33 on which the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is dispensed comprises a metal plate 2 and thermal protection strips 52 which are glued to the metal plate 2, on the face of the metal plate 2 intended to receive the expandable insulating foam solution 40. The thermal protection strips 52 are for example composite strips which comprise an aluminum foil sandwiched between two layers of glass fibers and of resin.
[0109] Par ailleurs, l’élément de paroi 32 est un élément de paroi secondaire. Aussi, la plaque métallique 2, représentée sur la figure 9, intègre un ou plusieurs organes d'ancrage 49 destinés à l’ancrage d’un panneau isolant primaire sur ledit élément de paroi 32. L’organe d'ancrage 49 est par exemple un goujon fileté qui est fixé à la plaque métallique ou un écrou fileté qui est destiné à recevoir un goujon fileté. [0109] Furthermore, the wall element 32 is a secondary wall element. Also, the metal plate 2, shown in FIG. 9, incorporates one or more anchoring members 49 intended for anchoring a primary insulating panel on said wall element 32. The anchoring member 49 is for example a threaded stud which is fixed to the metal plate or a threaded nut which is intended to receive a threaded stud.
[01 10] En relation avec la figure 10, l'on illustre de manière détaillée une zone d’un élément de paroi 32 selon un mode de réalisation. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'élément de paroi 32 comporte, dans une zone, destinées à recevoir un dispositif d’ancrage d’un panneau primaire, une platine d’ancrage 50. Cette platine d’ancrage 50 est disposée entre le plaque métallique 2 est la couche de mousse polymère isolante expansée 34 et permet de renforcer localement la plaque métallique 2. Selon un mode de réalisation, un ou plusieurs écrous 51 borgnes sont fixés à la platine de renfort 50. Pour ce faire, selon la variante de réalisation représentée, l'écrou 51 présente un filetage coopérant avec un alésage ménagé dans la platine d’ancrage 50. [0111] L’écrou 51 comporte une collerette qui permet de prendre en sandwich la plaque métallique 2 entre la collerette et la platine d'ancrage 50. La collerette est soudée en périphérie sur la plaque métallique 2 afin d’assurer l’étanchéité. Par ailleurs, l'écrou 51 présente un alésage borgne fileté destiné à recevoir un goujon de fixation d’un panneau isolant de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire. [0110] In relation to FIG. 10, an area of a wall element 32 is illustrated in detail according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, the wall element 32 comprises, in a zone intended to receive an anchoring device for a primary panel, an anchoring plate 50. This anchoring plate 50 is arranged between the plate. metal 2 is the layer of expanded insulating polymer foam 34 and makes it possible to locally reinforce the metal plate 2. According to one embodiment, one or more acorn nuts 51 are fixed to the reinforcing plate 50. To do this, according to the variant of embodiment shown, the nut 51 has a thread cooperating with a bore formed in the anchoring plate 50. [0111] The nut 51 comprises a collar which makes it possible to sandwich the metal plate 2 between the collar and the anchoring plate 50. The collar is welded at the periphery to the metal plate 2 in order to ensure tightness. Furthermore, the nut 51 has a threaded blind bore intended to receive a fixing stud for an insulating panel of the primary thermally insulating barrier.
[0112] Pour réaliser un tel élément de paroi 32, la plaque étanche 33 sur laquelle est dispensée la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40 comporte une plaque métallique 2, la platine de renfort 50 et un écrou 51 borgne, tels que décrits ci-dessus. To achieve such a wall element 32, the sealed plate 33 on which is dispensed the expandable insulating foam solution 40 comprises a metal plate 2, the reinforcing plate 50 and a blind nut 51, as described above .
[01 13] Selon une variante de réalisation non représentée, la platine d’ancrage 50 est montée dans un logement ménagé dans une couche de bois contreplaqué. Dans ce cas, la plaque étanche 33 comporte une plaque métallique 2, la platine de renfort 50, un écrou 51 borgne et une couche de bois contreplaqué contre laquelle est dispensée la solution de mousse isolante expansible 40. [01 13] According to an alternative embodiment not shown, the anchor plate 50 is mounted in a housing made in a layer of plywood. In this case, the waterproof plate 33 comprises a metal plate 2, the reinforcing plate 50, a blind nut 51 and a layer of plywood against which the expandable insulating foam solution 40 is dispensed.
[0114] En relation avec la figure 11 , l’on illustre de manière détaillée une zone d’un élément de paroi 32 selon une variante de réalisation. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la plaque étanche 33 comporte une ou plusieurs zones plus épaisses 53 dans lesquelles sont ménagés un ou plusieurs taraudages 54 destinés à recevoir un goujon de fixation d'un panneau isolant primaire. [0114] In relation to Figure 11, a detailed illustration of an area of a wall element 32 according to an alternative embodiment. In this embodiment, the waterproof plate 33 comprises one or more thicker zones 53 in which are formed one or more threads 54 intended to receive a fixing stud of a primary insulating panel.
[01 15] Selon un autre mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 12 et 13, la plaque étanche 33 est une plaque métallique ondulée 44. Une telle plaque métallique ondulée 44 est représentée en perspective sur la figure 11. [01 15] According to another embodiment shown in Figures 12 and 13, the sealed plate 33 is a corrugated metal plate 44. Such a corrugated metal plate 44 is shown in perspective in Figure 11.
[01 16] La plaque métallique ondulée 44 comporte une première série d'ondulations parallèles 45, dites basses, s'étendant selon une direction y et une seconde série d'ondulations parallèles 46, dites hautes, s’étendant selon une direction x. Les directions x et y des séries d’ondulations sont perpendiculaires. La plaque métallique ondulée 44 comporte entre les ondulations 45, 46, une pluralité de surfaces planes 47. Au niveau de chaque croisement entre une ondulation basse 45 et une ondulation haute 46, la plaque métallique 1 comporte une zone de nœud 48. [01 16] The corrugated metal plate 44 comprises a first series of parallel corrugations 45, called low, extending in a y direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 46, called high, extending in an x direction. The x and y directions of the wave series are perpendicular. The corrugated metal plate 44 has between the corrugations 45, 46, a plurality of flat surfaces 47. At each intersection between a low corrugation 45 and a high corrugation 46, the metal plate 1 comprises a node area 48.
[0117] La plaque métallique ondulée 44 peut notamment être réalisée en acier inoxydable, en aluminium, en Invar ® : c’est-à-dire un alliage de fer et de nickel dont le coefficient de dilatation est typiquement compris entre 1 ,2.10 e et 2.10 e K/1, ou dans un alliage de fer à forte teneur en manganèse dont le coefficient de dilatation est typiquement de l’ordre de 7.106 K 1. Toutefois, l’utilisation d’autres métaux ou alliages est également envisageable. [01 18] De manière avantageuse, lorsque la plaque étanche 33 est une telle plaque métallique ondulée 44, elle est positionnée sur la bande de transport 36 au moyen d’un support ayant des cavités correspondant à la forme des ondulations 45, 46 et dans lesquelles celles-ci sont insérées. Ceci permet d’éviter que les ondulations 45, 46 soient écrasées lorsque la plaque métallique ondulée 44 passe dans le laminoir 38. [0117] The corrugated metal plate 44 can in particular be made of stainless steel, aluminum, Invar®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically between 1, 2.10 e. and 2.10 e K / 1 , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically of the order of 7.10 6 K 1 . However, the use of other metals or alloys is also possible. [01 18] Advantageously, when the waterproof plate 33 is such a corrugated metal plate 44, it is positioned on the conveyor belt 36 by means of a support having cavities corresponding to the shape of the corrugations 45, 46 and in which these are inserted. This prevents the corrugations 45, 46 from being crushed when the corrugated metal plate 44 passes through the rolling mill 38.
[01 19] Comme représenté sur la figure 12, la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 pénètre dans les ondulations 45, 46 ce qui permet notamment d’assurer une bonne adhésion de la plaque métallique ondulée 44 à la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34. [01 19] As shown in Figure 12, the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 penetrates into the corrugations 45, 46 which allows in particular to ensure good adhesion of the corrugated metal plate 44 to the layer of expanded insulating foam 34.
[0120] Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque métallique ondulée 44 est destinée à former une partie d’une membrane primaire 1 et la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 est destinée à former une partie de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 12. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la plaque métallique ondulée 44 est destinée à former une partie d'une membrane secondaire 13 et la couche de mousse isolante expansée 34 est destinée à former une partie de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 14. [0120] According to one embodiment, the corrugated metal plate 44 is intended to form part of a primary membrane 1 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is intended to form part of the primary thermally insulating barrier 12. According to a Another embodiment, the corrugated metal plate 44 is intended to form part of a secondary membrane 13 and the layer of expanded insulating foam 34 is intended to form part of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 14.
[0121] Lorsque les éléments de paroi 32 ont été fixés à la structure porteuse 15, les tôles métalliques ondulées 44 des éléments de paroi 32 sont reliées de manière étanche les unes aux autres, soit en étant soudées bord à bord les unes aux autres soit au moyen de pièces métalliques supplémentaires qui sont soudées à cheval sur les plaques métalliques ondulées 44 des éléments de paroi 32 adjacents. [0121] When the wall elements 32 have been fixed to the supporting structure 15, the corrugated metal sheets 44 of the wall elements 32 are connected in a sealed manner to each other, either by being welded edge to edge to each other or by means of additional metal parts which are welded astride the corrugated metal plates 44 of the adjacent wall elements 32.
[0122] En référence à la figure 14, une vue écorchée d’un navire méthanier 170 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 171 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 172 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 171 comporte une membrane primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une membrane secondaire agencée entre la membrane primaire et la double coque 172 du navire, et deux barrières thermiquement isolantes agencées respectivement entre la membrane primaire et la membrane secondaire et entre la membrane secondaire et la double coque 172. [0122] Referring to Figure 14, a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 170 shows a sealed and insulated tank 171 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 172 of the ship. The wall of the vessel 171 comprises a primary membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary membrane arranged between the primary membrane and the double hull 172 of the vessel, and two thermally insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary membrane and the secondary membrane and between the secondary membrane and the double shell 172.
[0123] De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 173 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 171 . [0123] In a manner known per se, the loading / unloading pipes 173 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring an LNG cargo from or to the tank. 171.
[0124] La figure 14 représente également un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 175, une conduite sous-marine 176 et une installation à terre 177. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 175 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 174 et une tour 178 qui supporte le bras mobile 174 Le bras mobile 174 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 179 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 173. Le bras mobile 174 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 178. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 175 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 170 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 177. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 180 et des conduites de liaison 181 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 176 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 175. La conduite sous-marine 176 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 175 et l'installation à terre 177 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 170 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement. [0124] FIG. 14 also shows an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 175, an underwater pipe 176 and an installation on land 177. The loading and unloading station 175 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a movable arm 174 and a tower 178 which supports the movable arm 174 The movable arm 174 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 179 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 173. The movable arm 174 can be orientated. suitable for all LNG carriers. A connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 178. The loading and unloading station 175 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 170 from or to the onshore installation 177. The latter includes liquefied gas storage tanks 180 and connecting pipes 181 connected by the underwater pipe 176 to the loading or unloading station 175. The underwater pipe 176 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 175 and the shore installation 177 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 170 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
[0125] Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 170 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 177 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 175. To generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 170 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 177 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station are used. 175.
[0126] Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention revendiquée. Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these come within the scope of the claimed invention.
[0127] L’usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n’exclut pas la présence d’autres éléments ou d’autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. [0127] The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those stated in a claim.
[0128] Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication. [0128] In the claims, any reference sign between parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] Procédé de fabrication d'une paroi (31) pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant au moins une barrière thermiquement isolante (12, 14) et une membrane d'étanchéité (1 , 13) reposant contre la barrière thermiquement isolante, le procédé comportant : [Claim 1] A method of manufacturing a wall (31) for a sealed and thermally insulating vessel comprising at least one thermally insulating barrier (12, 14) and a sealing membrane (1, 13) resting against the thermally insulating barrier , the process comprising:
- fabriquer une pluralité d’éléments de parois (32), la fabrication de chaque élément de paroi (32) comportant : - manufacture a plurality of wall elements (32), the manufacture of each wall element (32) comprising:
- fournir une plaque étanche (33) ; - provide a waterproof plate (33);
- placer une solution de mousse isolante expansible (40) contre la plaque étanche (33) ; et - placing an expanding insulating foam solution (40) against the waterproof plate (33); and
- expanser la solution de mousse isolante expansible (40) contre ladite plaque étanche (33) de manière à réaliser une couche de mousse isolante expansée (34) adhérant à la plaque étanche (33) ; - Expanding the expandable insulating foam solution (40) against said sealed plate (33) so as to produce a layer of expanded insulating foam (34) adhering to the sealed plate (33);
- ancrer lesdits éléments de paroi (32) ainsi fabriqués à une structure porteuse (15) ; la couche de mousse isolante expansée (34) desdits éléments de paroi (32) formant au moins une partie de la barrière thermiquement isolante (12, 14) ; et - Anchoring said wall elements (32) thus manufactured to a supporting structure (15); the layer of expanded insulating foam (34) of said wall members (32) forming at least part of the thermally insulating barrier (12, 14); and
- assembler les plaques étanches (33) desdits éléments de paroi (32) de manière étanche de sorte que lesdites plaques étanches (33) forment au moins une partie de la membrane d’étanchéité (1 , 13). - Assemble the waterproof plates (33) of said wall elements (32) in a sealed manner so that said waterproof plates (33) form at least part of the waterproofing membrane (1, 13).
[Revendication 2] Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la plaque étanche (33) comporte un film étanche. [Claim 2] A method according to claim 1, wherein the waterproof plate (33) comprises a waterproof film.
[Revendication 3] Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l’étape d’assemblage des plaques étanches comporte le collage d’un film additionnel à cheval sur les films étanches des éléments de paroi (32). [Claim 3] The method of claim 2, wherein the step of assembling the waterproof plates comprises bonding an additional film straddling the waterproof films of the wall elements (32).
[Revendication 4] Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans lequel le film étanche est un film composite rigide comportant une feuille d’aluminium intercalée entre deux couches de fibres. [Claim 4] The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the waterproof film is a rigid composite film comprising an aluminum foil sandwiched between two layers of fibers.
[Revendication 5] Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la plaque étanche comporte une plaque métallique (2, 44). [Claim 5] A method according to claim 1, wherein the waterproof plate comprises a metal plate (2, 44).
[Revendication 6] Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la plaque métallique (44) comporte des ondulations (45, 46). [Claim 6] The method of claim 5, wherein the metal plate (44) has corrugations (45, 46).
[Revendication 7] Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la plaque métallique (2) présente une pluralité de reliefs (4) faisant saillie dans une direction d’épaisseur par rapport au plan de la plaque métallique (2). [Claim 7] The method of claim 5, wherein the metal plate (2) has a plurality of reliefs (4) projecting in a direction of thickness relative to the plane of the metal plate (2).
[Revendication 8] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel l’étape d’assemblage des plaques étanches comporte le soudage de manière étanche des plaques métalliques (2, 44) les unes aux autres. [Claim 8] A method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the step of assembling the sealing plates comprises sealingly welding the metal plates (2, 44) to each other.
[Revendication 9] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel la solution de mousse isolante expansible (40) est expansée dans un laminoir (38) qui contraint l’expansion de la solution de mousse isolante expansible (40). [Claim 9] The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the expandable insulation foam solution (40) is expanded in a rolling mill (38) which constrains the expansion of the expandable insulation foam solution (40). .
[Revendication 10] Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le laminoir (38) est un laminoir à double bande comportant une bande inférieure (41), une bande supérieure (42) et des parois latérales qui forment ensemble un tunnel de section rectangulaire. [Claim 10] The method of claim 9, wherein the rolling mill (38) is a double strip rolling mill having a lower strip (41), an upper strip (42) and side walls which together form a tunnel of rectangular section.
[Revendication 11] Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel le laminoir (38) est agencé de telle sorte que la contrainte à l’expansion de la solution de mousse isolante expansible (40) conduit à une couche de mousse isolante expansée (34) présentant un volume, en sortie du laminoir (38) représentant entre 92% et 99% du volume d’expansion de cette solution de mousse isolante expansible (40) dans le cas d’une expansion libre. [Claim 11] A method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the rolling mill (38) is arranged such that the expansion stress of the expandable insulation foam solution (40) results in a layer of expanded insulation foam ( 34) having a volume, at the outlet of the rolling mill (38) representing between 92% and 99% of the expansion volume of this expandable insulating foam solution (40) in the case of free expansion.
[Revendication 12] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 10 à [Claim 12] A method according to any one of claims 10 to
11 , dans lequel l’on place la plaque étanche (33) sur une bande de transport (36), l’on dépose la solution de mousse isolante expansible (40) contre la plaque étanche (33) reposant sur le tapis de transport (36) et l’on conduit la plaque étanche (33) et la solution de mousse isolante expansible (40) jusqu’au laminoir (38) au moyen de ladite bande de transport (36). 11, in which the waterproof plate (33) is placed on a conveyor belt (36), the expandable insulating foam solution (40) is deposited against the waterproof plate (33) resting on the conveyor belt ( 36) and the sealed plate (33) and the expandable insulating foam solution (40) are led to the rolling mill (38) by means of said conveyor belt (36).
[Revendication 13] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à [Claim 13] A method according to any one of claims 1 to
12, dans lequel la fabrication de chaque élément de paroi (32) comporte déposer un ou plusieurs renforts de fibres (39) sur la plaque étanche (33) et imprégner lesdits renforts de fibres (39) lorsque la solution de mousse isolante expansible (40) est placée contre la plaque étanche (33). 12, wherein the fabrication of each wall member (32) includes depositing one or more fiber reinforcements (39) on the waterproof plate (33) and impregnating said fiber reinforcements (39) when the expandable insulation foam solution (40) ) is placed against the waterproof plate (33).
[Revendication 14] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel, lors de la fabrication de chaque élément de paroi (32), l’on fait adhérer un support (43) à une face de la couche de mousse isolante expansée (34) opposée à la plaque étanche (33). [Claim 14] A method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein in the manufacture of each wall member (32), one makes adhere a support (43) to a face of the layer of expanded insulating foam (34) opposite to the waterproof plate (33).
[Revendication 15] Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel l’on colle le support (43) à la couche de mousse polymère expansée (34). [Claim 15] The method of claim 14, wherein the support (43) is bonded to the layer of expanded polymeric foam (34).
[Revendication 16] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans lequel, l’on usine au moins une face de la couche de mousse isolante expansée (34) opposée à la plaque étanche (33). [Claim 16] A method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein at least one side of the expanded insulating foam layer (34) opposite the waterproof plate (33) is machined.
[Revendication 17] Paroi pour une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante obtenue au moyen d’un procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, ladite paroi (31) comportant une pluralité d’éléments de paroi (32), chaque élément de paroi (32) comportant une plaque étanche (33) et une couche de mousse isolante expansée (34) adhérant directement à la plaque étanche (33), lesdits éléments de paroi (32) étant ancrés à une structure porteuse (15) et disposés les uns à côté des autres de sorte que les couches de mousse isolantes expansées (34) forment une barrière thermiquement isolante (12, 14), les plaques étanches (33) desdits éléments de paroi (32) étant assemblées de manière étanche les unes aux autres de sorte à former au moins une partie d’une membrane d’étanchéité (1 , 13). [Claim 17] A wall for a sealed and thermally insulating vessel obtained by means of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, said wall (31) comprising a plurality of wall elements (32), each element of wall (32) comprising a waterproof plate (33) and a layer of expanded insulating foam (34) adhering directly to the waterproof plate (33), said wall elements (32) being anchored to a supporting structure (15) and arranged next to each other so that the layers of expanded insulating foam (34) form a thermally insulating barrier (12, 14), the sealing plates (33) of said wall elements (32) being sealingly joined to each other so as to form at least part of a waterproofing membrane (1, 13).
[Revendication 18] Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un fluide comportant au moins une paroi (31) selon la revendication 17. [Claim 18] Tight and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid comprising at least one wall (31) according to claim 17.
[Revendication 19] Navire (170) pour le transport d'un fluide, le navire comportant une double coque (172) et une cuve (171) selon la revendication 18, disposée dans la double coque. [Claim 19] A vessel (170) for transporting a fluid, the vessel comprising a double hull (172) and a vessel (171) according to claim 18, disposed in the double hull.
[Revendication 20] Système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant un navire (170) selon la revendication 19, des canalisations isolées (173, 179, 176, 181) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (171) installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (177) et une pompe pour entraîner un flux de fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. [Claim 20] A transfer system for a fluid, the system including a vessel (170) according to claim 19, insulated pipelines (173, 179, 176, 181) arranged to connect the vessel (171) installed in the hull from the ship to a floating or onshore storage facility (177) and a pump for driving a flow of fluid through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or onshore storage facility to or from the vessel's vessel.
[Revendication 21] Procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un navire (170) selon la revendication 19, dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées (173, 179, 176, 181 ) depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (177) vers ou depuis la cuve (171 ) du navire. [Claim 21] A method of loading or unloading a ship (170) according to claim 19, wherein a fluid is conveyed through insulated pipes (173, 179, 176, 181) from or to a floating or land-based storage facility (177) to or from the vessel (171) of the vessel.
EP20742273.4A 2019-07-23 2020-07-22 Method for manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank Withdrawn EP4003685A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1908353A FR3099077B1 (en) 2019-07-23 2019-07-23 Method of manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank
PCT/EP2020/070675 WO2021013886A1 (en) 2019-07-23 2020-07-22 Method for manufacturing a wall for a sealed and thermally insulating tank

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EP4003685A1 true EP4003685A1 (en) 2022-06-01

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EP (1) EP4003685A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2022542065A (en)
KR (1) KR20220038065A (en)
CN (1) CN114174033A (en)
FR (1) FR3099077B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021013886A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3130676B1 (en) * 2021-12-22 2024-03-08 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Method of continuous production of an insulating panel by a production machine
FR3130677B1 (en) * 2021-12-22 2024-03-08 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Method of producing an insulating panel by a production machine.

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FR1523411A (en) * 1967-03-22 1968-05-03 Saint Gobain Manufacturing process for panels intended in particular for buildings
DE2050530A1 (en) * 1970-01-29 1971-08-05 Nat Gypsum Co Impregnating porous board with binding agent
FR2691520B1 (en) 1992-05-20 1994-09-02 Technigaz Ste Nle Prefabricated structure for forming watertight and thermally insulating walls for containment of a fluid at very low temperature.
DE10240522A1 (en) * 2002-09-03 2004-03-11 Hilti Ag Process for producing a fire protection board
FR2876623B1 (en) * 2004-10-20 2007-01-12 Solvay METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MULTILAYER INSULATING PANEL
DE602005011750D1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2009-01-29 World Properties Inc Production method for low-density polyurethane foam and articles containing them
FR2911576B1 (en) * 2007-01-23 2009-03-06 Alstom Sa METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN INSULATING WALL AND SEALING A TANK
US9637926B2 (en) * 2008-04-10 2017-05-02 Velcro BVBA Membrane roofing
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ITMI20121330A1 (en) * 2012-07-31 2014-02-01 Dow Global Technologies Llc METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF INSULATING PANELS EXPANDED IN FLAME RESISTANT
FR3018278B1 (en) * 2014-03-04 2020-02-14 Gaztransport Et Technigaz TREATMENT OF FORCED DIFFUSION OF AN INSULATING PART IN EXPANDED SYNTHETIC FOAM
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FR3099077A1 (en) 2021-01-29
JP2022542065A (en) 2022-09-29
CN114174033A (en) 2022-03-11
FR3099077B1 (en) 2022-06-10
WO2021013886A9 (en) 2021-06-10
KR20220038065A (en) 2022-03-25
WO2021013886A1 (en) 2021-01-28

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