EP3994965A1

EP3994965A1 - Method of producing a component shielded from electromagnetic radiation

Info

Publication number: EP3994965A1
Application number: EP20735363.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Volker Schroiff; Marco SUTTER; Matthias Hauer; Eduard GRUNE
Original assignee: Carl Freudenberg KG
Current assignee: Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date: 2019-07-04
Filing date: 2020-06-29
Publication date: 2022-05-11
Also published as: KR102616163B1; JP2022539409A; WO2021001298A1; CN114080424A; DE102019118092A1; US20220362976A1; KR20220011739A; JP7438247B2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a substrate shielded from electromagnetic radiation, to substrates and devices obtainable according to said method and uses thereof for shielding electromagnetic radiation, especially in the field of electromobility.

Description

Method of manufacturing an opposite electromagnetic

Radiation shielded component

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method of making a

against electromagnetic radiation shielded substrate, the substrates and devices obtainable by this method and their

Use for shielding against electromagnetic radiation, especially in

Electromobility area.

STATE OF THE ART

Electromagnetic waves have an electric and a magnetic field component. The waves emitted by electronic components can cause mutual electromagnetic interference

electromagnetic interference (EMI). With the tremendous advances in semiconductor technology, electronic components have become increasingly smaller and their density within electronic devices has increased significantly. The increasing complexity of electronic systems, e.g. B. in areas such as electromobility, aerospace technology or medical technology, poses a major challenge to the electromagnetic compatibility of the individual components. B. in

Electric vehicles have high performance electric drives integrated in a very small space and controlled by electronic components, whereby the individual components must not interfere with one another. To a

To achieve electromagnetic compatibility, it is known

to dampen electromagnetic interference with the help of shielding housings. The term electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is defined according to DIN VDE 0870, for example, as the ability of an electrical device to function satisfactorily in its environment without inadmissibly influencing this environment, which may also include other devices. The EMC must therefore meet two conditions, which

Shielding of the emitted radiation and immunity to other electromagnetic radiation. In many countries, the relevant devices must comply with legal regulations. According to DIN VDE 0870, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is the effect of electromagnetic waves on electrical circuits, devices, systems or

Creature. Such an impact can lead to acceptable, but also unacceptable, impairments on the affected objects, e.g. B. the functionality of devices or the risk to people. In such cases, appropriate protective measures must be taken. The frequency range relevant for EMI shielding is generally between 100 Hz and 100 GHz. The with by shielding a radiated

Electromagnetic wave attenuation is usually composed of a reflection and an absorption in all shielding principles. During absorption, the electromagnetic wave loses energy, which in

Thermal energy is converted, the absorption depending on the wall thickness of the shielding material. The reflection, however, is dependent on

Frequency range independent of the material thickness and can occur both on the front and on the back and within the material.

In the middle frequency range, the electrical conductivity behavior of the materials can usually be assessed directly

can be used. In the lower frequency range can be used to assess the Shielding the relative permeability and, in the upper frequency range, the reflection and also the vibration absorption.

Electromagnetic compatibility of the components as well as energy saving and thermal management are the challenges for a successful

Electromobility technology. The use of modern brushless

Electric motors and various control units require the provision of electrical power in the form of alternating and three-phase current. The electronic components send out unwanted magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic vibrations of different frequencies, which can be a source of interference for other control units, or the function of the control unit itself is disturbed by the vibrations emitted by the other components. So that the electronic

Components do not influence each other negatively in their function, these are currently electromagnetically shielded by the use of aluminum housings. Aluminum as

However, shielding material has two major disadvantages: its high weight and its high cost. So there is a great need for

Substitution materials for aluminum and processes for the production of electromagnetically shielded components based on them

Substitution materials.

It is known to use metallic housings, for example made of aluminum, to shield against electromagnetic radiation. Due to the high conductivity of the metals, good shielding attenuation is achieved. The use of purely metallic shields is associated with various disadvantages, such as the complex production by punching, bending and applying corrosion protection, which is very cost-intensive. The design freedom is also very limited with metallic materials. Shields made of plastic are many times easier than Bring metals into the desired shape. Since most plastics are insulators, this can be achieved by applying a surface coating, e.g. B.

by electroplating or vapor deposition (physical vapor deposition, PVD), conductivity can be imparted. However, it is for the metallic

Coating of plastics usually involves a lot of effort

Preparation of the components is required in order to achieve good adhesion of the coating.

It is also known for the production of electromagnetic

Shielding to use plastic composites (composite materials, compounds) which have a matrix of at least one polymer component and at least one filler with shielding properties. These can be in the form of coatings, insulating tapes, moldings, etc.

can be used. To produce conductive composites, for example, electrically conductive fillers can be dispersed in a matrix made of at least one non-conductive polymer.

S. Geetha et al. give in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 112, 2073-2086 (2009) an overview of methods and materials for shielding electromagnetic radiation. Various plastic composites based on non-conductive polymers with a large number of conductive fillers are mentioned. As an alternative, the use of conductive polymers and especially polyaniline and polypyrrole is being discussed.

Jagatheesan, K. et al. describe in the Indian Journal of Fiber & Textile

Research, Vol. 39, 329 - 342 (2014) the electromagnetic

Shielding properties of composites based on conductive fillers and conductive fabrics. The focus is on special fabrics, e.g. B. on the basis of conductive hybrid yarns and a large number of conductive threads to shield the widest possible frequency range. WO 2013/021039 relates to a microwave absorbent

Composition that dispersed magnetic nanoparticles in a

Contains polymer matrix. The polymer matrix contains a highly branched nitrogen-containing polymer, specifically a polyurethane based on a hyperbranched melamine with polyol functionality being used.

US Pat. No. 5,696,196 describes a coating composition for shielding plastic against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). The composition described comprises an aqueous dispersion of a thermoplastic emulsion, an aqueous urethane dispersion, a glycol-based coalescing solvent, silver-plated copper flake, conductive clay and defoamer.

US 2007/0056769 A1 describes a polymeric composite material for shielding electromagnetic radiation, which comprises a non-conductive polymer, an inherently conductive polymer and an electrically conductive filler. To produce the composite, the polymer components are brought into close contact. Suitable non-conductive polymers are elastomeric, thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, which can be selected from a large number of different polymer classes. In the examples according to the invention, only a polystyrene / polyaniline blend filled with nickel-coated carbon fibers is used.

The unpublished DE 10 2018 115 503 describes a

Composition for shielding electromagnetic radiation, comprising a) at least one conductive filler and b) a polymer matrix containing at least one urea group-containing polyurethane. There is no description of producing an EMI-shielding substrate from this composition and at least one further polymer material by an injection molding process. DE 10 2014 015 870 describes a chassis component for motor vehicles made from a short fiber-reinforced plastic, including a

carbon-reinforced plastic can act with a fiber length between 0.1 to 1 mm. The chassis component is manufactured by producing the core in a first injection molding process and in a second

Injection molding process of the core by overmolding with the same

short fiber reinforced plastic is molded.

JP FI07-186190 describes a seven-layer injection-molded article using four types of thermoplastic resins. The first and seventh layers, i.e. H. the surface layers consist of polyolefin resins. The second and sixth layers are a light-shielding layer made of polyolefin resins colored by carbon black or light-absorbing fillers. The second layer is an oxygen barrier resin. The third and fifth layers are maleic anhydride graft modified polyolefin resin.

JP 2005-229007 describes a flat case, the electromagnetic

Has shielding properties. These are produced by injection molding using a thin film web with at least one conductive layer and an adhesive layer or by thermoforming. The conductive layer is either a layer of nickel, aluminum, silver, gold, steel or brass obtained by metal vapor deposition or a metal foil made of aluminum or copper.

WO 2014/175973 describes a method for setting up an EMI shield for an electronic circuit board, an electrically conductive thermoplastic film being used which contains a previously applied electrically conductive adhesive composition. The adhesive composition includes a silicone adhesive, a compatible silane, and electrically conductive particles or fibers.

WO 2010/036563 describes an EMI shield with at least one compartment for enclosing the circuitry of an electronic device. The

The shield includes a resilient layer of thermally deformable, electrically conductive foam, the layer having a first surface and a second surface defining a thickness dimension therebetween and the layer having an interior portion extending from a

Peripheral portion is surrounded. The inner part of the layer is compressed through its thickness dimension to an upper one

Forming a wall portion of the shield, the thickness dimension of the peripheral portion extending downwardly from the top wall portion to form a side wall portion of the shield which together with the top wall portion defines at least a portion of the chamber.

WO 1997/041572 describes a heat-shrinkable, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding jacket with which an elongated object with a given outer diameter can be jacketed. The

Sheath consists of a tubular outer element of

of indefinite length and an enlarged inner diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the object, an electrically conductive one

Inner member that is coaxially received within the outer member and extends coextensively therewith, and a generally continuous, thermoplastic intermediate layer that is between the outer and the

Inner element is arranged and extends coextensively therewith. The

Intermediate layer connects the inner element to the outer element over substantially the entire length thereof in order to consolidate the jacket into an integral structure. The outer element in turn is

heat shrinkable to a recovered, ie contracted Inner diameter, which is smaller than the expanded inner diameter, in order to adapt the jacket substantially to the outer diametrical extension of the object.

WO 2011/019888 describes a sealing arrangement with a

Life tracking device related to wear and tear, thermal degradation, physical damage, chemical incompatibility and structural

Faults within the sealing arrangement and equipped with a device for transmitting an output signal of the detection device to a change in the sealing environment or an imminent

Detect seal failure.

The manufacturing processes described in the prior art

Electromagnetic shielding surfaces on plastic components usually see the application of the coating as an additional factor

Work step following the shaping. Such methods have the following disadvantages:

Additional work steps result in higher production costs. This leads to an economic disadvantage, e.g. B. compared to shielding devices made of die-cast aluminum.

Spray processes often lead to a considerable loss of material due to what is known as overspray.

The layer thicknesses of the coatings obtained by spray application are generally not uniform with respect to the component surface. It is also difficult to produce the conductive layers in the desired small thickness, e.g. B. of a maximum of 1 mm to apply.

The integration of other functions in the component, such as B. from touch-sensitive sensors, switches, etc. or from an additional heat or light protection, is limited by the process. There is therefore a need for a method of making

Plastic components with a layer capable of shielding electromagnetic radiation, the EMI shielding and possibly the

Integration of further functions into the surface of the component take place directly during the manufacture of the molded component.

For the production of plastic components from several materials, e.g. B. of hard-soft composite components, and especially for the production of surfaces on molded parts, various established processes are known. These include special injection molding processes such as back injection and the

Multi-component injection molding.

The present invention is based on the object of providing a method for producing substrates (components) which are shielded from electromagnetic radiation and which overcomes the disadvantages described above.

Surprisingly, it was found that this task was performed by a

Method is solved in which to produce an opposite

electromagnetic radiation shielded substrate a first

Polymer material, the at least one filler for shielding

contains electromagnetic radiation, connected in a special injection molding process with at least one second polymer material and at the same time can be subjected to a shaping.

The method according to the invention and the substrates and components obtained thereafter have the following advantages: The method according to the invention enables the production of an EMI-shielded substrate without the component first being formed separately and only subsequently coated.

EMI coatings with a small thickness and / or small deviation (variance) from the desired layer thickness can be produced.

It is possible to integrate additional functions into the component in addition to EMI shielding when the component is being formed. This enables z. B. the integrated manufacture of multi-part EMI shielded housings with a conductive seal for the

Contacting the individual housing parts or the integration of a heat shield.

To shield the electromagnetic radiation, elastomeric polymer materials can be used, which can absorb energy in various forms (especially various wavelength ranges). In this way, undesired mechanical vibrations can also be avoided. This affects z. B. advantageous on the NVH behavior (NVH = noise, vibration, harshness) of the components. Furthermore, further functionalities can be provided in the production of the EMI-shielded substrate. By using a polymer film at least partially enclosing the substrate, e.g.

B. improved crash safety or through use

heat-resistant polymers can bring about improved heat resistance.

A combination of

Polymer materials are used, one component giving the substrate the structural strength that is not adversely affected by the other component used for EMI shielding.

Loss of material, as is common when applying coatings by spraying processes, is avoided. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first object of the invention is a method for producing a substrate shielded against electromagnetic radiation, in which: i) a first polymer material (a) or a precursor thereof is provided which contains at least one conductive filler, and at least one second polymer material (b) or provides a precursor thereof, ii) subjects the polymer materials (a) and (b) provided in step i) or their precursor (s) to a shaping with a material bond of the polymer materials (a) and (b), and the precursors, if present, brings to polymerization.

In the context of the invention, a substrate shielded from electromagnetic radiation also denotes a substrate that is capable of shielding electromagnetic radiation, i.e. an electromagnetic one

Radiation shielding substrate.

In one variant, an electronic component is coated and / or encased with a substrate according to the invention in order to shield the electromagnetic waves emitted by the electronic component in order not to influence the environment in an inadmissible manner. In a further variant, an electronic component is coated and / or encased with a substrate according to the invention in order to prevent electromagnetic waves from the environment from encasing the coated and / or encased

influence electronic components in an impermissible manner. The The substrate according to the invention can be an integral component of the electronic component.

Preferably, in a further step of the method according to the invention, an electronic component is coated and / or encased with the substrate obtained in step ii) and / or an electronic component is embedded in the substrate obtained in step ii).

In particular, at least one of the components provided in step i), selected from the polymer material (a), the precursor for the

Polymer material (a), the polymer material (b) and the precursor for the

Polymer material (b) used in flowable form for shaping in step ii) or can be shaped under the process conditions in step ii).

A first preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is the flinter spraying of foils and composite materials. Another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is that

Multi-component injection molding (also called composite injection molding or

Overmolding).

The invention also provides a substrate which can be obtained by the method described above and below.

Another object of the invention is a device for shielding electromagnetic radiation, which comprises such a substrate or consists of such a substrate.

Another object of the invention is the use of a

substrate according to the invention for shielding electromagnetic rays. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Polymer materials (a), (b) and (c) in the context of the invention are materials which contain at least one polymer or consist of at least one polymer. In addition to at least one polymer, the

Polymer materials (a), (b) and (c) contain at least one further component, e.g. B. fillers, reinforcing materials or various thereof

Additives. The polymer materials (a), (b) and (c) are available in a special version as a composite (composite material).

The polymer materials (a), (b) and, if present, (c) are used as separate components in the process according to the invention and are connected to one another to produce the substrates according to the invention. It is an essential feature of the method according to the invention that the connection of the at least one conductive filler containing

Polymer material (a) (or the precursor thereof) with the polymer material (b) (or the precursor thereof) and the shaping of the composite of (a) and (b) takes place in one step.

Different variants for connecting and forming (a) and (b) in one step are described in more detail below. This is an example

Multi-component injection molding for the production of substrates in the form of injection molded parts that can consist of two or more than two plastic materials. It is a feature of the multicomponent injection molding processes that can be used according to the invention that they can have two or more than two injection units, but only one clamping unit is required. Thus, according to the invention, substrates can be produced with only one tool in one operation. To produce the substrate shielded against electromagnetic radiation, the polymer materials (a) and (b) or the formed composite of (a) and (b) can be connected to at least one further polymer material (c) or a precursor thereof. Connecting with the

at least one further polymer material (c) or the precursor thereof can take place in process step ii). Alternatively, the shaped composite of (a) and (b) can be connected in at least one separate step iii) to the at least one further polymer material (c) or a precursor thereof. Optionally, the composite of (a), (b) and (c) can be subjected to at least one further shaping. This shaping can take place simultaneously with the joining in step ii) or step iii) or in a separate step. Alternatively, a shaped composite of (a), (b) and (c) from step ii) can also be connected in at least one separate step iii) with a further polymer material (c) or a precursor thereof.

In principle, the polymer materials (a), (b) and (c) can all contain the same polymers or partially different polymers or completely different polymers.

The term “thermoplastics” in the context of the invention denotes polymers which can be reversibly deformed above a certain temperature, and this process can theoretically be repeated as often as desired. Thermoplastics are made up of few or unbranched polymer chains that are only linked to one another by weak physical and not chemical bonds (i.e. uncrosslinked). This is what distinguishes thermoplastics from

Duroplasts and (classic, i.e. non-thermoplastic) elastomers, which after their production can no longer be thermoformed.

The term "elastomers" in the context of the invention denotes dimensionally stable, but elastically deformable plastics whose glass transition temperature is below the temperature at which the polymers are usually used. Elastomers can deform elastically under tensile and compressive load, but then find their way back to their original, undeformed shape.

Thermoplastic elastomers are a special form of elastomers, which have thermoplastic properties in certain temperature ranges.

As a rule, thermoplastic elastomers behave at low levels

Temperatures comparable to classic elastomers. When heat is applied, however, they are plastically deformed and show a thermoplastic behavior.

For shaping in step ii) at least one of the in step i)

The components provided are used in flowable form or can be shaped under the process conditions in step ii). As those skilled in the art know, the thermal behavior of the various types of polymers (amorphous

Thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers, semi-crystalline thermoplastics, elastomers, thermosets) characterized by state ranges, with the thermo-mechanical properties changing little or no change within a state range. Below the glass transition temperature TG, polymers are generally in a solid, glassy state.

Amorphous thermoplastics change to a thermoelastic state above TG and their shape can be changed. This change in shape is initially reversible; the polymer material can only be shaped by so-called 'thermoforming' at a higher temperature. Amorphous thermoplastics do not have a precisely defined melting point. Beyond the flow temperature, the material becomes soft and flowable (plasticized) and can then also be molded (such as injection molding) are processed. Thermoplastic elastomers are plastics which, above TG, behave in a comparable way to classic elastomers, ie they are

(tough) elastic and not malleable. When heated above the melting temperature, they show a thermoplastic behavior, the material becomes flowable and can be processed by primary molding (such as injection molding).

Elastomers can be brought into a flowable form in the form of their not yet crosslinked precursors and used for shaping in step ii). Under the influence of heat, the elastomers vulcanize so that, unlike thermoplastics, they cannot be melted again and reshaped.

Thermosets also usually harden when exposed to heat. After curing, re-melting and reshaping is no longer possible. In the form of their not yet cured precursors, thermosets can be brought into a flowable form and used for shaping in step ii). In a suitable embodiment, the preliminary stage is equipped with a

is injected into a mold at a comparatively low temperature and cured there at a higher temperature. The thermal behavior of the

polymer materials used according to the invention, d. H. under which

Conditions that are malleable or flowable are part of specialist knowledge or can be determined by the person skilled in the art through routine experiments.

A material bond is formed by atomic or molecular forces between the connection partners. The material connections of plastics include adhesive connections and welded connections; Injection molding processes also lead to material connections. A material bond is usually a non-detachable connection. Positive connections are created by the interlocking of at least two connection partners. This allows the

Do not disconnect the connection partner even without or with interrupted power transmission.

With the method according to the invention, substrates can be produced which are advantageously suitable for shielding electromagnetic radiation in the entire frequency range in which such measures are required, in order to avoid undesired impairments by electromagnetic radiation

To reduce or avoid radiation. The frequency range relevant for EMI shielding is generally in a range from about 2 Flz to 100 GFIz, preferably from 100 Hz to 100 GHz. The wave range that is particularly interesting for shielding for automotive applications is in a range from 100 kHz to 100 MHz. In particular, the

Wave range for shielding for automotive applications in a medium frequency range from 3 Hz to 10 kHz and a radar range from 23 GHz to 85 GHz. The compositions according to the invention are well suited for this. The substrates produced by the method according to the invention are also particularly suitable for shielding low and medium frequencies. So you can use as a filler z. B. use a material for deflecting magnetic fields, such as a magnetic material. Furthermore, a material for reflecting electromagnetic waves with a high frequency, e.g. B. a high carbon conductive

Use nanomaterial. Suitable combinations of fillers can be used for broadband application.

In a special first embodiment, a back-molding method is provided for producing a substrate that is shielded from electromagnetic radiation. Multi-component injection molding is used to produce injection-molded parts that consist of two or more different plastics. In the simplest case, the plastics only differ in color in order to achieve a certain design. However, different materials and thus different properties can also be combined in a targeted manner.

As with flinter spraying, there are also various execution techniques, e.g. B. composite injection molding or sandwich injection molding. At the

Composite injection molding requires an injection molding machine with two or more injection units, but only one clamping unit. The parts can thus be produced inexpensively with just one tool in one operation. The injection units must work in harmony, but always be controllable independently of one another. The components can be injected through a single special nozzle or introduced into the mold at different points.

In the case of back injection molding, (embossed / functionalized) molded parts are produced that consist of a polymer carrier (substrate) and a cover material

(Decorative material) exist. There are different types of back injection

Execution techniques such as inmold decoration (IMD), film insert molding (FIM), inmold labeling (IML), inmold coating (IMC) or inmold painting (IMP). What they all have in common is that a pretreated (embossed / functionalized) film is inserted into an injection molding tool and back-injected and embossed with another plastic, so that a plastic part with functionality or

Foil coating is created.

In particular, at least one of the following techniques is used for back-molding: inmold decoration (IMD), film insert molding (FIM), roll-to-roll, inmold labeling (IML), inmold coating (IMC) or inmold painting (IMP). The inmold decoration process is a combination of hot stamping and back injection molding. It is used to impress a functionality from a carrier film, a special IMD film, onto a substrate. The functionalized and / or embossed carrier film is placed in the injection molding tool. In the second step, the plastic material is injected. In the last step, the molded body obtained is removed from the tool and the carrier film is separated. A molded plastic body is obtained with an impressed functionality.

In particular, according to the invention, the carrier film in the IMD process comprises a first polymer material (a) which contains at least one filler for shielding electromagnetic radiation. In particular, according to the invention, the plastic material comprises at least one second polymer material (b).

In the film insert molding process (FIM), the functionalized carrier film becomes part of the finished substrate. First, the carrier material, the embossing foil, is functionalized (coated), pre-formed and punched out. The cut film is placed in the injection molding tool and back-injected with a plastic material. The exact sequence of the process steps is flexible. Finally, the carrier film is removed.

In particular, according to the invention, the carrier film in the FIM process comprises the first polymer material (a) which contains at least one filler for shielding electromagnetic radiation. In particular, according to the invention, the plastic material comprises at least one second polymer material (b).

A roll-to-roll process (R2R process, or roll-to-roll processing) can also be used to process carrier foils. The process of inmold labeling is very similar to the classic back injection molding, only label films are used here. These foils are thinner. This film can be introduced into the injection molding tool either as rolled goods or as a finished cut. Finally, the

Label film removed.

In particular, according to the invention, the carrier film in the IML process comprises the first polymer material (a) which contains at least one filler for shielding electromagnetic radiation. In particular, according to the invention, the plastic material comprises at least one second polymer material (b).

Inmold coating is a combination of spraying and injection molding. First, a coating is applied to the injection molding tool using a spray gun. After the material has dried on, the plastic material is back-injected.

In particular, according to the invention, the coating in the IMC method comprises the first polymer material (a) which contains at least one filler for shielding electromagnetic radiation. In particular, according to the invention, the plastic material comprises at least one second polymer material (b).

In the inmold painting process, the plastic material is injected in the first step, and the coating is sprayed on in the second step, i. the process steps take place in the reverse order of the process steps of the IMC procedure.

In particular, in the IMP process, the coating includes the first

Polymer material (a), the at least one filler for shielding

contains electromagnetic radiation. In particular, this includes

Plastic material at least one second polymer material (b). Composites

In particular, in step i) of the method according to the invention, one of the polymer materials (a) or (b) is provided in the form of a composite. In a preferred embodiment, one of the polymer materials (a) or (b) is provided in the form of a layered composite. This is particularly advantageous when the method according to the invention is used for flinter spraying. In a special embodiment, component b) is provided in the form of a composite.

A composite or composite material is a material made of two or more connected materials, which has different material properties than its individual components. The connection is made by material connection,

Form fit or a combination of both. Its components (phases) can come from one and the same or from different main material groups. The main groups of materials include metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers and composite materials. In the context of the invention, the term “composite” includes both composite materials and material composites. Composites are at least two-phase (i.e. heterogeneous) but appear macroscopically homogeneous. When viewed with the naked eye, it often appears to be a single material. Material composites are usually already visible to the naked eye as composites of several

different materials recognizable. A layered composite (laminate) is a preferred embodiment of a material composite. Laminates consist of at least two superimposed layers. The special case of three layers, two of which are identical outer layers, is also called

Called sandwich composite. The composite preferably comprises at least one of the polymer materials (a) or (b) and at least one further, different component (K). In particular, the composite comprises a polymer material (b) and at least one further component (K) different therefrom. The component (K) can itself be a composite material. The further component (K) is preferably selected from polymers, polymeric materials, metals, metallic materials, ceramic materials, mineral materials, textile materials and combinations thereof.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the further component (K) is selected from polymer films, polymer moldings, metal foils,

Metal moldings, reinforced and / or filled polymer materials and combinations thereof.

Suitable polymers are selected from elastomers, thermoplastics and thermosets. With regard to suitable and preferred plastics, reference is made in full to the statements on polymer material (b).

Suitable metals are selected from aluminum, titanium, magnesium, copper, etc. and alloys thereof.

Ceramic materials are usually inorganic, non-metallic and polycrystalline. “Non-metallic” is understood here to mean that ceramic materials essentially contain no elemental metals. To

Production of a ceramic material can, for. B. the ceramic-forming inorganic particulate raw materials, a liquid and optionally at least one organic binder are subjected to a thermal treatment (sintering). In principle, materials made from oxide ceramics and non-oxide ceramics are suitable for use in the method according to the invention.

Suitable oxide ceramics are selected from single-component systems and Multi-substance systems. Preferred oxide ceramics are selected from aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide,

Aluminum titanates, mullite (mixture of aluminum and silicon oxide),

Lead zirconate titanates and mixtures of zirconia and alumina. Suitable non-oxide ceramics are selected from carbides, for example silicon carbide or boron carbide, nitrides, for example silicon nitride,

Aluminum nitride or boron nitride, borides and silicides.

Suitable metallic materials include at least one metal and at least one different material. The materials other than metal are preferably selected from ceramic materials, organic materials and mixtures thereof. A preferred embodiment of the metallic materials are metal matrix composites (English metal matrix composites, MMC), which comprise a continuous metal matrix and a discontinuous ceramic and / or organic reinforcement. The reinforcement is preferably in the form of fibers or whiskers. The metal is e.g. B. selected from aluminum, titanium, magnesium and copper. The matrix can be in the form of an elemental metal or in the form of an alloy. When

Ceramic particles (e.g. silicon carbide), short fibers, continuous fibers (e.g. based on carbon) or foams are suitable for the reinforcement phase. Another preferred embodiment of the metallic materials are the materials obtainable by metal powder injection molding (MIM process).

In particular, the composite comprises at least one reinforced and / or filled plastic material. The reinforcing material is preferably selected from fibrous reinforcing materials and fibrous fabrics

Reinforcing fabrics, scrims of fibrous reinforcing fabrics, knitted fibrous reinforcing fabrics and knitted fibrous reinforcing fabrics

Reinforcing agents and mixtures thereof. The filler is preferably selected from particulate fillers, such as kaolin, chalk, wollastonite, Talc, calcium carbonate, silicates, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, glass particles and mixtures thereof. Preferred reinforced

Plastic materials are fiber-plastic composites, such as

carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), aramid fiber reinforced plastic (AFK), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), etc.

In a first particularly preferred embodiment, a composite is provided as the polymer material (a) in step i) which comprises the polymer component of the polymer material (a) as a coating on a polymer film and this composite in step ii) by injection molding with the polymer material (b) cohesively connected. In a second particularly preferred one

Embodiment, a composite is provided in step i) as polymer material (b), which the polymer component of the polymer material (b) as

Comprises coating on a polymer film and this composite materially connected in step ii) by injection molding with the polymer material (a).

In particular, a composite is provided in step i), which the

Polymer component of the polymer material (a) comprises as a coating on a polymer film. In step ii), this composite is materially bonded to the at least one polymer material (b) by injection molding.

The polymer film serves as a carrier material or transfer material for the polymer component of the polymer material (a) or the polymer material located thereon

Polymer material (b). As a result, to provide a

corresponding polymer material (a) or (b) the polymer film with the

Polymer component of the polymer material (a) or (b) are coated.

The polymer film must in principle be coated with one of the

Polymer components (a) or (b) be suitable. In the IMD, IFM and IML, the polymer film must also be able to move after

Injection molding process, d. H. after the end of step ii), to be released from the substrate. In this variant, the polymer film is exclusive

Transfer material. In the IMC and IMP processes, the polymer film is part of the substrate. It then acts z. B. as a carrier material, material for

Improvement of the mechanical strength, decoration, etc.

Suitable polymer films that allow easy removal include e.g.

B. Silicones, polyethylene terephthalates, polymer-coated paper, such as

Silicone paper, etc. Suitable polymer films which remain in the substrate include e.g. B. Polypropylene, plasma-treated foils, foils with fluorinated surfaces, etc.

In a special first variant, the polymer film is detached from the injection-molded part obtained after the injection molding step ii) has ended.

In a special second variant, after the injection molding step ii) has ended, the polymer film remains connected to the obtained injection molded part and the obtained substrate.

In a special second embodiment, a composite injection molding process is provided for producing a substrate that is shielded from electromagnetic radiation.

In composite injection molding, a first plastic component is injected into a mold (cavity). As soon as the cavity is filled, the second

Plastic component molded on or overmolded. With this method it is possible to combine complex components with different material properties. The various execution techniques are known to those skilled in the art, e.g. B. Core-back process, relocating or transfer technology, turntable technology or sliding technology.

In a special embodiment are those provided in step i)

Polymer materials (a) and (b) are both plasticizable and are firmly bonded in step ii) by multi-component injection molding.

In particular, at least one of the following techniques is used for multi-component injection molding: core retraction technique (core-back technique), transfer technique (transfer technique), turning technique, index plate technique,

Shifting technology, sandwich technology.

With the transfer technology (transfer technique), a pre-molded part is transferred into a new mold cavity with space for the pre-molded part and the new component after the first injection process.

With index plate technology (transfer technology), after the first injection process, a pre-molded part is placed in a new mold cavity with space for the

Pre-molded part and the new component implemented, which can be applied to both sides of the pre-molded part.

With the turning technique / displacement technique, the tool (usually only one half) is rotated or moved into a new position after the first injection process and the pre-molded part is overmolded in the new position with another nozzle.

With the core retraction technique, a core in the tool is retracted to make room for the newly added component. This technique is used in particular in the manufacture of device housings with different colored areas. The sandwich process usually results in parts in which the component inside is not visible because it is completely enveloped by the outer material. In sandwich injection molding, the swelling flow of the masses when flowing into the mold cavity (mold cavity) is used. The melts fill the cavity one after the other from the gate. The first flowing in

Molding compound is continuously placed on the wall, where it is last pushed by the second component flowing inside. Two injection units work together on one injection head, which, depending on the control by valves or multiple shut-off nozzles, allows the masses from all injection units to flow in as required. The source flow ensures that this complete enveloping each other of the components down to the smallest

Wall thickness succeeds perfectly. The sprue can be sealed by the first component.

In a special embodiment of the method according to the invention, an additional function is integrated into the substrate by one or more of the following measures:

Forming a substrate with sensor function,

Use of at least one component to avoid

mechanical vibrations,

Use of at least one component to improve crash protection,

Use at least one component to increase the

Dielectric strength,

Use of at least one component with a corrosion protection function, use of at least one component with an oxidation protection function, use of at least one component with a light protection function,

Use of at least one component as a heating element, Use of at least one component, the thermoelectric

Has properties and can thus generate electrical currents, spraying of sealing elements,

Spraying on of mounting and / or connecting elements.

Other possible measures to integrate an additional function into the substrate are, for. B .:

Spraying on decorative surface components,

Use of at least one decorative polymer film,

Injection molding of stiffening elements (ribs, rib structures) etc.

The avoidance of mechanical vibrations is particularly important in the automotive sector in order to avoid impairment of driving comfort. The audible or perceptible vibrations in motor vehicles or on machines are collectively referred to as "Noise, Vibration, Harshness" (NVH). To avoid them, components are used that reduce the local

Avoid the introduction of force from a vibration source into vibration-transmitting media.

Polymer materials

The polymer materials a), b) and c) contain at least one polymer or consist of at least one polymer which is preferably selected from amorphous thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers, partially crystalline thermoplastics, elastomers, thermosets and mixtures thereof.

The polymer materials a), b) and c) contain at least one polymer or consist of at least one polymer, which is particularly preferably selected is among polyurethanes, silicones, fluorosilicones, polycarbonates, ethylene vinyl acetates (EVA), acrylonitrile / butadiene / acrylates (ABA), acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers (ABN), acrylonitrile butadiene styrenes (ABS), acrylonitrile methyl methacrylates (AMMA) , Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylates (ASA),

Cellulose acetates (CA), cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB), polysulfones (PSU), poly (meth) acrylates, polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polyphenylene ethers (PPE = polyphenylene oxide (PPO)), polystyrenes (PS), polyamides (PA), polyolefins, e.g. B. polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), polyketones (PK), z. B.

aliphatic polyketones or aromatic polyketones, polyether ketones (PEK), e.g. B. aliphatic polyether ketones or aromatic

Polyether ketones, polyimides (PI), polyetherimides, polyethylene terephthalates (PET), polybutylene terephthalates (PBT), fluoropolymers, polyesters,

Polyacetals, e.g. B. Polyoxymethylene (POM), liquid crystal polymers,

Polyether sulfones (PES), epoxy resins (EP), phenolic resins, chlorosulfonates, polybutadienes, polybutylene, polyneoprenes, polynitriles, polyisoprenes, natural rubbers, copolymer rubbers such as styrene-isoprene-styrenes (SIS), styrene-butadiene-styrenes (SBSylenes), EPR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers (EPDM), styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) and their copolymers and mixtures (blends) thereof.

Preferred aliphatic and aromatic polyether ketones are aliphatic polyether ether ketones or aromatic polyether ether ketones (PEEK). A special version are aromatic polyetheretherketones.

For the purposes of the invention, the term “polyurethanes” also includes polyureas and urea group-containing polyurethanes.

Suitable thermosetting plastics are flarnea-formaldehyde resins, melamine resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, melamine-flarnea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-flarnea-phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins, resorcinol Formaldehyde resins, crosslinkable isocyanate-polyol resins, epoxy resins, acrylates, methacrylates, polystyrenes and polyester resins.

Suitable thermoplastic elastomers are thermoplastic

Polyamide elastomers (TPA), thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPC), olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPO) (especially PP / EPDM), thermoplastic styrene block copolymers (TPS) (especially styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), SEBS, SEPS, SEEPS and MBS ), thermoplastic elastomers based on polyurethane (TPU), thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) and cross-linked thermoplastic elastomers based on olefin (specially cross-linked PP / EPDM and cross-linked ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPM)) and polyether block amides (PEBA).

Thermoplastic styrene block copolymers (TPS) are selected in particular from SEBS, SEPS, SBS, SEEPS, SiBS, SIS, SIBS or mixtures thereof, in particular SBS, SEBS, SEPS, SEEPS, MBS and mixtures thereof.

Thermoplastic elastomers based on olefins (TPO) are selected in particular from PP / EPDM and ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPM).

Thermoplastic elastomers based on polyurethane (TPU) are derived in particular from at least one polymeric polyol, specifically selected from at least one polyester diol, polyether diol, polycarbonate diol and

Mixtures thereof. A special version is a TPU that contains at least one mixture of polymeric polyols incorporated, the at least one

Polyester diol, at least one polyether diol and at least one

Includes polycarbonate diol.

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) are derived in particular from a styrene block copolymer with a reactive or crosslinkable hard block, the comprises aromatic vinyl repeat units, and a crosslinkable soft block comprising olefin or diene repeat units.

Suitable elastomers are acrylonitrile butadiene acrylates (ABA), acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers (ABN), acrylonitrile / chlorinated polyethylene / styrene (A / PE-C / S), acrylonitrile / methyl methacrylate (A / MMA), butadiene rubber (BR ), Butyl rubber (IIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers (E / EA), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM),

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) fluororubber (FPM or FKM), isoprene rubber (IR), natural rubber (NR), polyisobutylene (PIB), elastomeric polyurethanes, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), silicone rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), vinyl chloride / Ethylene (VC / E) and (vinyl chloride-ethylene-methacrylate (VC / E / MA).

In a special embodiment, the polymer materials a), b) and c) contain at least one polymer or consist of at least one polymer, which is selected in particular from thermoplastic elastomers

Olefin-based (TPO) (especially PP / EPDM), thermoplastic styrene block copolymers (TPS), especially styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), SEBS, SEPS, SEEPS and MBS, thermoplastic elastomers based on polyurethane (TPU) and thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) .

Polymer material (a)

With the polymer materials (a) used according to the invention, which contain at least one conductive filler, high degrees of filling and very good shielding effectiveness SE can be achieved. The

Shielding attenuation is made up of components for absorption SEA, reflection SER and multi-reflection SE _M. Polyurethanes in particular and polyurethanes containing urea groups in particular are highly compatible with a large number of different fillers suitable for EMI shielding. Due to the high flexibility of the substrates according to the invention with regard to the type and amount of the conductive fillers contained and the possibility of using further polymer components, especially conductive polymers, the respectively desired proportion of absorption and reflection can be achieved

Control attenuation well. Thus meet the invention

shielded substrates meet the requirements very well

electromagnetic compatibility of the material, as it is z. Tie

corresponding CISPR standards (Comite international special des perturbations radioelectriques = international special committee for radio interference). At the same time, the substrates according to the invention are distinguished by an overall good application profile. This includes that they can withstand mechanical, thermal or chemical loads and, for example, B. through good scratch resistance, flaking,

Characterized by corrosion resistance or elasticity.

The polymer material (a) preferably contains 15 to 99.5% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 99% by weight, of at least one polymer component, based on the sum of the polymer component and the at least one conductive filler. The term polymer component also includes polymerized precursors of the polymer material (a).

The polymer material preferably comprises a) or consists of the polymer material a) of at least one polymer selected from thermoplastics,

thermoplastic elastomers, elastomers and mixtures thereof.

Thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers and mixtures thereof are preferred.

The polymer component of the polymer material (a) is preferably selected from polyolefin flomo or copolymers, liquid silicone rubbers,

Epoxy polymers, polyurethanes, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer component of the polymer material (a) contains at least one polyolefin homo- or copolymer or the polymer component of the polymer material (a) consists of at least one polyolefin homo- or copolymer. The polyolefins preferably contain one or more Ci-C4-olefins in copolymerized form, preferably selected from ethylene, propylene, 1-butene or isobutene. Suitable polyolefin homo- or copolymers are selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (PMP), polyisobutene (PIB), polybutene (PB),

Ethylene / propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EPDM) and mixtures thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polymer component of the polymer material (a) contains a liquid silicone rubber (LSR, iquid silicone rubber) or the polymer component of the polymer material (a) consists of a liquid silicone rubber. EP0875536A2 describes a self-adhesive addition-crosslinking silicone rubber mixture which a) an SiH crosslinker containing at least 20 SiH groups and b) an epoxy-functional one

Contains alkoxysilane and / or alkoxysiloxane. EP1854847A1 describes a curable two-component system which contains at least one diorganopolysiloxane and at least one SiH-containing crosslinker. Suitable

Liquid silicone rubbers are commercially available, e.g. B. the

two-component silicone elastomers from the Elastosil brands of Wacker Chemie AG, Munich, Germany.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polymer component of the polymer material (a) contains a polyurethane or the polymer component of the polymer material (a) consists of a polyurethane. Generally are

Polyurethanes composed of polyisocyanates and thus complementary compounds with at least two groups reactive toward NCO groups. The groups reactive with the NCO groups are preferably OH, NH2, NHR or SH groups. The reaction of NCO groups with OH groups leads to the formation of urethane groups. The reaction of NCO groups with amino groups leads to the formation of urea groups. in the

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "polyurethanes" also includes polyureas and compounds containing urethane groups and

Incorporated urea groups contain. The latter are also referred to below as "urea group-containing polyurethanes". Compounds that contain only one reactive group per molecule lead to a breakdown of the

Polymer chain and can be used as regulators. Compounds that contain two reactive groups per molecule lead to the formation of linear polyurethanes. Compounds with more than two reactive groups per molecule lead to the formation of branched polyurethanes. Polyurethanes within the meaning of the invention can also be linked, for example, by urea, allophanate, biuret, carbodiimide, amide, uretonimine, uretdione, isocyanurate or oxazolidone structures.

In a special embodiment, the polymer component of the polymer material (a) contains at least one urea group-containing polyurethane or the polymer component of the polymer material (a) consists of at least one urea group-containing polyurethane.

The polymer material (a) preferably contains 15 to 99.5% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 99% by weight, of at least one polyurethane containing urea groups, based on the sum of urea group containing

Polyurethane and the at least one conductive filler.

In a special version, the polymer component consists of the

Polymer material (a) made exclusively from at least one polyurethane, in particular from at least one urea group-containing polyurethane. The following remarks on polyurethanes containing urea groups also apply analogously to polyurethanes which do not contain any urea groups, that is to say for the production of which no amine component is used which has at least two amino groups reactive toward NCO groups.

Polyurethanes containing urea groups contain at least one

Polymerized amine component which has at least two amine groups which are reactive toward NCO groups.

The proportion of the amine component is preferably 0.01 to 32 mol%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 mol%, based on the amount used to prepare the

urea group-containing polyurethane components used.

The polyurethane (containing urea groups) is preferably low-branched or linear. The one containing urea groups is particularly preferred

Polyurethane has a linear structure. I.e. the urea group-containing polyurethane is built up from diisocyanates and thus complementary divalent compounds.

Linear (urea group-containing) polyurethanes in the context of the invention are urea group-containing polyurethanes which have a degree of branching of 0%.

Low-branched (urea group-containing) polyurethanes preferably have a degree of branching from 0.01 to 20%, in particular from 0.01 to 15%.

The degree of branching of the polyurethane (containing urea groups) is preferably 0 to 20%. The degree of branching denotes the proportion of Nodes in the polymer chain, ie the proportion of atoms that

The starting point of at least three polymer chains branching off therefrom are. A crosslinking is accordingly understood to mean that a branching polymer chain ends in a second branching polymer chain.

Groups reactive toward NCO groups preferably have at least one active hydrogen atom.

Suitable complementary compounds are low molecular weight di- and

Polyols, polymeric polyols, low molecular weight di- and polyamines with primary and / or secondary amino groups, polymeric polyamines, amine-terminated polyoxyalkylene polyols, compounds with at least one hydroxyl group and at least one primary or secondary amino group in the molecule, in particular amino alcohols.

Suitable low molecular weight diols (hereinafter “diols”) and low molecular weight polyols (hereinafter “polyols”) have a molecular weight of

60 to less than 500 g / mol. Suitable diols are, for example

Ethylene glycol, propane-1, 2-diol, propane-1, 3-diol, butane-1, 2-diol, butane-1, 3-diol, butane-1, 4-diol, butane-2,3-diol, Pentane-1, 2-diol, pentane-1, 3-diol, pentane-1, 4-diol, pentane-1, 5-diol, pentane-2,3-diol, pentane-2,4-diol, hexane 1, 2-diol, hexane-1, 3-diol, hexane-1, 4-diol, hexane-1, 5-diol, hexane-1, 6-diol, hexane-2,5-diol, heptane-1, 2-diol 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1,2-dodecanediol, 1,2-dodecanediol , 1, 5-hexadiene

3,4-diol, 1, 2- and 1, 3-cyclopentanediols, 1, 2-, 1, 3- and 1, 4-cyclohexanediols, 1, 1 -, 1, 2-, 1, 3- and 1, 4- Bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 1, 1 -, 1, 2-, 1, 3- and 1, 4- bis (hydroxyethyl) cyclohexane, neopentyl glycol, (2) -methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,4- Dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol,

2.2.4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, pinacol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tri-propylene glycol. Suitable polyols are compounds with at least three OH groups, e.g. B. glycerol, trimethylolmethane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1, 2,4-butanetriol, tris (hydroxy-methyl) amine, tris (hydroxyethyl) amine,

Tris (hydroxypropyl) amine, pentaerythritol, bis (tri-methylolpropane),

Di (pentaerythritol), di, tri- or oligoglycerols, or sugars, such as. B. glucose, tri- or higher-functional polyetheroie based on tri- or higher-functional alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide, or polyesteroie. Here are glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-butanetriol, pentaerythritol, and their polyetherols based on ethylene oxide or

Propylene oxide is particularly preferred. Since these compounds lead to branches, they are preferably used in an amount of at most 5% by weight, in particular at most 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the compounds which are complementary to the isocyanates. In particular, no polyols are used.

Suitable polymeric diols and polymeric polyols preferably have a molecular weight of 500 to 5000 g / mol. The polymeric diols are preferably selected from polyether diols, polyester diols, polyether ester diols and polycarbonate diols. The polymeric diols and polyols containing ester groups can be used instead of or in addition to carboxylic acid ester groups

Have carbonate groups.

Preferred polyether diols are polyethylene glycols H0 (CH2CH20) n-H,

Polypropylene glycols H0 (CH [CH3] CH20) n-H, where n is an integer and n> 4, polyethylene polypropylene glycols, where the sequence of the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units can be block-wise or random,

Polytetramethylene glycols (polytetrahydrofurans), poly-1, 3-propanediols or mixtures of two or more representatives of the above compounds. One or both of the hydroxyl groups in the above

mentioned diols are substituted by SH groups.

Preferred polyester diols are those which are obtained by reacting dihydric alcohols with dihydric carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof for preparing the polyester diols. The

Polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic and optionally, e.g. B. by

Halogen atoms, substituted and / or unsaturated. Examples include: suberic acid, azelaic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid,

Phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride,

Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride,

Endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride,

Maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, dimeric fatty acids. Dicarboxylic acids of the general formula HOOC- (CH2) _y -COOH are preferred, where y is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20, e.g. B.

Succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedicarboxylic acid.

As polyhydric alcohols such. B. ethylene glycol, propane-1, 2- diol, propane-1, 3-diol, butane-1, 3-diol, butene-1, 4-diol, butyne-1, 4-diol, pentane-1, 5- diol, neopentyl glycol, bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexanes such as 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, methylpentanediols, also diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol,

Dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols into consideration. Preference is given to alcohols of the general formula HO- (CH2) x-OH, where x is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20. Examples of these are ethylene glycol, butane-1, 4-diol, hexane-1, 6-diol, octane-1, 8-diol and dodecane-1, 12-diol. Neopentyl glycol is also preferred. Suitable polyether diols are in particular by polymerizing

Ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with itself, e.g. B. in the presence of BF3 or by

Addition of these compounds optionally in a mixture or

one after the other, on starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms, such as alcohols or amines, e.g. B. water, ethylene glycol, propane-1, 2-diol, propane-1, 3-diol, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane or aniline are available. A particularly preferred polyether diol is polytetrahydrofuran. Suitable

Polytetrahydrofurans can by cationic polymerization of

Tetrahydrofuran in the presence of acidic catalysts, such as. B.

Sulfuric acid or fluorosulfuric acid. Such

Fierosition methods are known to the person skilled in the art.

Polycarbonate diols are preferred, as they are, for. B. by reacting phosgene with an excess of the as structural components for the

Polyester polyols called low molecular weight alcohols can be obtained.

If appropriate, lactone-based polyester diols can also be used, these being flomo or copolymers of lactones, preferably addition products of lactones with suitable difunctional starter molecules containing terminal flydroxyl groups. Preferred lactones are those which are derived from compounds of the general formula FIO- (CFl2) z-COOFI, where z is a number from 1 to 20 and an F1 atom of a methylene unit is also a C 1 to C 4 alkyl radical can be substituted. Examples are e-caprolactone, β-propiolactone, g-butyrolactone and / or methyl-γ-caprolactone and mixtures thereof. Suitable starter components are, for. B. the low molecular weight dihydric alcohols mentioned above as a structural component for the polyester polyols. The Corresponding polymers of e-caprolactone are particularly preferred. Lower polyester diols or polyether diols can also be used as starters

Production of the lactone polymers be used. Instead of the polymers of lactones, it is also possible to use the corresponding, chemically equivalent

Polycondensates of the hydroxycarboxylic acids corresponding to the lactones are used.

Polycarbonate ester-polyether-diols and are particularly preferred

Polycarbonate ester-polyether-polyols.

Suitable low molecular weight di- and polyamines with primary and / or secondary amino groups have a molecular weight of 32 to less than 500 g / mol. Preference is given to diamines which contain two amino groups selected from the group consisting of the primary and secondary amino groups.

Suitable aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diamines are, for example, ethylenediamine, N-alkyl-ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine, N-alkylpropylenediamine, butylenediamine, N-alkylbutylenediamine, pentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, N-alkylhexamethylenediamine,

Heptane diamine, octane diamine, nonane diamine, decane diamine, dodecane diamine, hexadecane diamine, toluylene diamine, xylylene diamine, diaminodiphenyl methane, diaminodicyclohexyl methane, phenylene diamine, cyclohexylene diamine,

Bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, diaminodiphenylsulphone, isophoronediamine, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,5-pentamethylenediamine, 2,2,4- or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 2-aminopropylcyclohexylamine, 3 (4) Aminomethyl-1-methylcyclohexylamine, 1,4 diamino-4-methylpentane.

Low molecular weight aromatic di- and polyamines can also be used to produce the compositions according to the invention.

Aromatic diamines are preferably selected from bis (4-aminophenyl) methane, 3-methylbenzidine, 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4- aminophenyl) -cyclohexane, 1,2-diaminobenzene, 1,4-diaminobenzene, 1,4-diaminonaphthalene, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 1,3-diaminotoluene, m-xylylenediamine, N, N'-dimethyl-4,4 ' -biphenyl-diamine, bis- (4-methyl-aminophenyl) -methane, 2,2-bis- (4-methylaminophenyl) -propane or mixtures thereof.

Preferably have for the production of the invention

The low molecular weight diamines and polyamines used in the compositions have a proportion of aromatic diamines and polyamines in all diamines and polyamines of at most 50 mol%, particularly preferably at most 30 mol%, especially at most 10 mol%. In a special version, the

Production of the compositions according to the invention, the low molecular weight diamines and polyamines used do not contain any aromatic diamines and polyamines. In another special version for the production of

Two-component (2K) polyurethanes according to the invention, aromatic di- and polyamines are used. Then the proportion of aromatic diamines and polyamines in all diamines and polyamines is at most 50 mol%, particularly preferably at most 30 mol%, especially at most 10 mol%.

Suitable polymeric polyamines preferably have a molecular weight of 500 to 5000 g / mol. These include polyethyleneimines and amine-terminated polyoxyalkylene polyols, such as a, w-diaminopolyethers, which can be prepared by amination of polyalkylene oxides with ammonia. Special amine-terminated polyoxyalkylene polyols are so-called Jeffamines or amine-terminated polytetramethylene glycols.

Suitable compounds with at least one hydroxyl group and at least one primary or secondary amino group in the molecule are dialkanolamines, such as diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, 2-amino -1, 3-propanediol, dibutanolamine, Diisobutanolamine, bis (2-hydroxy-1-butyl) amine, bis (2-hydroxy-1-propyl) amine and dicyclohexanolamine.

It is of course also possible to use mixtures of the amines mentioned.

According to the invention, the urea group-containing polyurethane contains at least one amine-group-containing amine component in copolymerized form which has at least two amine groups which are reactive towards NCO groups. During the polyaddition, this leads to the formation of urea groups.

In a preferred embodiment, the urea group-containing polyurethane contains at least one diamine component in copolymerized form.

The polymerized diamine component is preferably selected from ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,4-tetramethylenediamine, 1,5-pentamethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentamethylenediamine,

1,7-heptamethylenediamine, 1,8-octamethylenediamine, 1,9-nonamethylenediamine, 1, 10-diaminodecane, 1, 12-diaminoododecane, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2,3,3 Trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 1,6-diamino-2,2,4-trimethylhexane, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,4-cyclohexylenediamine, bis- (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, isophoronediamine , 1-methyl-2,4-diaminocyclohexane and mixtures thereof.

Isocyanates are N-substituted organic derivatives (R-N = C = 0) of

Isocyanic acid (HNCO). Organic isocyanates are compounds in which the isocyanate group (-N = C = 0) is bound to an organic radical.

Polyfunctional isocyanates are compounds with two or more (e.g. 3, 4, 5, etc.) isocyanate groups in the molecule. The polyisocyanate is generally selected from di- and polyfunctional isocyanates, the allophanates, isocyanurates, uretdiones or carbodiimides of difunctional isocyanates and mixtures thereof. The polyisocyanate preferably contains at least one difunctional isocyanate. In particular, only difunctional isocyanates (diisocyanates) are used.

Suitable polyisocyanates are generally all aliphatic and

aromatic isocyanates, provided they are at least two reactive

Have isocyanate groups. In the context of the invention, the term aliphatic diisocyanates also includes cycloaliphatic (alicyclic)

Diisocyanates.

In a preferred embodiment, the polyurethane (containing urea groups) contains aliphatic polyisocyanates, it being possible for the aliphatic polyisocyanate to be replaced by at least one aromatic polyisocyanate up to 80% by weight, preferably up to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanates . In a special embodiment, the urea group-containing polyurethane contains exclusively aliphatic

Polyisocyanates incorporated.

The polyisocyanate component preferably has an average content of 2 to 4 NCO groups. Diisocyanates are preferred; H. Ester of isocyanic acid with the general structure 0 = C = N-R'-N = C = 0, where R 'is an aliphatic or aromatic radical.

Suitable polyisocyanates are selected from compounds with 2 to 5 isocyanate groups, isocyanate prepolymers with an average number of 2 to 5 isocyanate groups and mixtures thereof. These include, for example aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic di, tri- and higher

Polyisocyanates.

The polyurethane (containing urea groups) preferably contains at least one aliphatic polyisocyanate incorporated. Suitable aliphatic polyisocyanates are selected from ethylene diisocyanate, propylene diisocyanate,

Tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate,

Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1, 12-diisocyanatododecane,

4-isocyanatomethyl-1,8-octamethylene diisocyanate, triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4', 4 "-triisocyanate, 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane, 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4 , 4-trimethylhexane, isophorone diisocyanate (= 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, IPDI), 2,3,3-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate,

1, 4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1-methyl-2,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane,

Dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (= methylene bis (4-cyclohexyl isocyanate)).

The aromatic polyisocyanate is preferably selected from 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and their isomer mixtures, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,4'- and 4,4'- Diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI),

Tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), 4,4'-dibenzyl diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyldimethylmethane diisocyanate, di- and

Tetraalkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanates, ortho-tolydine diisocyanate (TODI) and mixtures thereof.

In a suitable embodiment, the polyurethane (containing urea groups) contains at least one polyisocyanate with a uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structure incorporated. In a preferred embodiment, the (urea group-containing) polyurethane contains at least one aliphatic polyisocyanate with uretdione,

Isocyanurate, urethane, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structure incorporated.

In a further preferred embodiment, the contains

(urea group-containing) polyurethane at least one aliphatic

Polyisocyanate and additionally at least one aliphatic on this

Polyisocyanate-based polyisocyanate with uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or

Oxadiazintrione structure incorporated.

They are preferably polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures with exclusively aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded ones

Isocyanate groups and an average NCO functionality of 2 to 4, preferably 2 to 2.6 and particularly preferably 2 to 2.4.

The polyurethane (containing urea groups) particularly preferably contains at least one aliphatic diisocyanate incorporated, which is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and mixtures thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the (urea group-containing)

Polyurethane composed of aliphatic polyisocyanates and thus complementary aliphatic compounds with at least two groups reactive toward NCO groups, the aliphatic polyisocyanate up to 50 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanates, through

at least one aromatic polyisocyanate can be replaced. In a particularly preferred embodiment that is

Polyurethane (containing urea groups) composed of aliphatic polyisocyanates and thus complementary aliphatic compounds with at least two groups reactive toward NCO groups, the aliphatic polyisocyanate up to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the

Polyisocyanates, can be replaced by at least one aromatic polyisocyanate.

In a special embodiment, the (urea group-containing)

Polyurethane composed of aliphatic polyisocyanates and thus complementary aliphatic compounds with at least two groups reactive toward NCO groups.

In a special embodiment, the urea group-containing

Polyurethane a diamine-modified polycarbonate ester-polyether-polyurethane is used.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polymer component of the polymer material (a) contains a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or the polymer component of the polymer material (a) consists of a TPE. Suitable and preferred TPEs are those mentioned above, to which reference is made here.

Suitable TPEs are selected from thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPA), thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPC), thermoplastic elastomers based on olefin (TPO), thermoplastic styrene block copolymers (TPS), thermoplastic elastomers based on urethane (TPU) and thermoplastic vulcanizates or crosslinked thermoplastic elastomers based on olefin ( TPV). TPA is commercially available e.g. B. as PEBAX from Arkema.

TPC is commercially available e.g. B. as Keyflex from LG Chem.

TPO is commercially available e.g. B. as Elastron TPO, Saxomer TPE-0 from PCW.

TPS is commercially available e.g. B. as Elastron G and Elastron D, Kraton from Kraton Polymers, as Septon from Kuraray, as Styroflex from BASF, as Thermolast from Kraiburg TPE, as ALLRUNA from ALLOD Material GmbH & Co.KG or as Saxomer TPE- S from PCW.

TPU is commercially available e.g. B. as Elastollan from BASF or as Desmopan, Texin, Utechllan from Covestro.

TPV is commercially available e.g. B. as Elastron V, Sariink from DSM.

The thermoplastic elastomer is preferably selected from diene-type rubbers such as polybutadiene, poly (styrene-butadiene) and poly (acrylonitrile-butadiene), saturated rubber obtained by hydrogenating these types of rubber of the diene type, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber Types such as a butyl polyacrylate, an ethylene / propylene, ethylene / propylene-diene, and an ethylene / octene copolymer resin.

Polymer material (b)

In one embodiment, the polymer component comprises

Polymer material b) or consists of the polymer component of the

Polymer material b) of at least one polymer selected from so-called high-performance plastics, which are characterized by their

Temperature resistance, but also chemical resistance and good mechanical properties. Such polymers are particularly suitable for applications in the automotive sector. The polymer component of the polymer material b) is preferably selected from polyesters, polyketones (PK), polyether ketones (PEK),

Polyetheretherketones (PEEK), polyamides (PA), polyamideimides (PAI), polyphenylene sulfides (PPS), polyarylsulfones, ABS copolymers and

Mixtures (blends) thereof.

A special embodiment of the polyesters are polyethylene terephthalates (PET), polybutylene terephthalates (PBT) and polycarbonates (PC).

A special embodiment of the polyamides are

High temperature polyamides (HTPA). These are partially crystalline or amorphous, thermoplastic, partially aromatic polyamides. These preferably contain at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid polymerized,

in particular selected from terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and

Mixtures of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid. Preferred HTPA are selected from PA 6.T, PA 10.T, PA 12.T, PA 6.I, PA 10.1, PA 12.1, PA 6.T / 6.1, PA 6.T / 6, PA 6.T / 10T, PA 10.T / 6.T, PA 6.T / 12.T, PA12.T / 6.T and mixtures thereof.

Another special embodiment of the polyamides is polyphthalamide (PPA).

In a preferred embodiment, the polyketones are selected from polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, polyaryl ether ketone and mixtures thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polyarylsulfones are selected from polysulfones (PSU), polyethersulfones (PES),

Polyphenylene sulfones (PPSU) and blends of PSU and ABS. In a further preferred embodiment, the

Polymer component of the polymer material (b) is a polyamide-ABS blend or consists of it.

Polymer material (c)

In one embodiment, the polymer component of the polymer material (c) is selected from elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and

Mixtures thereof.

Conductive filler

The polymer material (a) contains at least one filler for shielding electromagnetic radiation.

The composition according to the invention, as defined above and below, comprises as component a) at least one conductive filler.

The electrically conductive filler can advantageously be in the form of particulate

Materials or fibers are present. These include powders, nanoparticulate materials, nanotubes, fibers, etc. The fillers can be coated, uncoated or applied to a carrier material. The geometry of the particulate materials or fibers is not critical. The cross-section can be any shape, e.g. B. round, oval, triangular or rectangular. The

Aspect ratio is in particular in the range from 1 to 10,000

Aspect ratio is the quotient of the length and thickness of the particulate

Material or fiber.

The at least one conductive filler is preferably selected from

Carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphite, graphene, conductive Carbon black, metal-containing material such as metal-coated substrates, elemental metals, metal oxides, metal alloys, metal fibers and mixtures thereof.

Preferred metal-coated supports are metal-coated

Carbon fibers, specially nickel-plated carbon fibers and silver-plated carbon fibers. Preferred metal-coated supports are also silver-coated

Glass balls.

The conductive filler is preferably not made of a homogeneous metal

existing shift. The conductive filler is preferably not layers of metals obtained by metal vapor deposition or metal foils.

Suitable elemental metals are selected from cobalt, aluminum, nickel, silver, copper, strontium, iron and mixtures thereof.

Suitable alloys are selected from strontium ferrite, silver-copper alloy, silver-aluminum alloy, iron-nickel alloy, m-metals, amorphous metals (metallic glasses) and mixtures thereof.

Suitable metal fibers are man-made fibers made of metal, metal alloys, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated

Plastic or a core completely encased in metal.

Suitable metals and alloys are those mentioned above. Metal fibers are preferably comprised or consist of at least one metal selected from iron, copper, aluminum and alloys thereof. In a special embodiment, the metal fibers comprise or consist of a steel, especially stainless steel. In a special embodiment, the conductive filler comprises at least one ferromagnetic material, preferably selected from iron, cobalt, nickel, oxides and mixed oxides thereof, alloys and mixtures thereof. These fillers are especially suitable for deflecting electromagnetic waves with a low frequency.

In a further special embodiment, the conductive filler comprises at least one carbon-rich, conductive material, preferably selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphite, graphene, conductive carbon black and mixtures thereof. These fillers are especially suitable for reflecting and absorbing electromagnetic waves with a high frequency.

In a further embodiment, the at least one conductive filler is selected from conductive carbon black, metal-containing material and mixtures thereof. In particular, the conductive filler comprises at least one conductive carbon black and at least one metal-containing material. The quantitative ratio of carbon black to the metal-containing material is in the range from 5% by weight: 95% by weight to 95% by weight: 5% by weight.

The first polymer material a) can contain carbon black as the sole conductive filler. In this case, the amount of carbon black used is higher than in

Compositions containing carbon black for coloring and / or UV protection. If the first polymer material a) contains carbon black as the sole conductive filler, the carbon black content, based on the total weight of the polymer material a), is 5 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 90% by weight, in particular 20 to 85% by weight .-%, based on the total weight of the polymer material a). In a preferred embodiment, the first polymer material a) contains a mixture of carbon black and at least one component different from carbon black as a conductive filler. Specifically, the component different from carbon black is selected from metal-coated substrates, elemental metals,

Metal oxides, metal alloys, metal fibers and mixtures thereof. In particular, the first polymer material a) contains, as a conductive filler, a mixture of at least one conductive carbon black and at least one metal-containing carbon black

Material.

The filler is usually in a sufficient proportion in the

Contain polymer matrix in order to achieve the desired electrical conductivity for the intended application. Usual amounts of the conductive filler are z. B. in a range from 0.1 to 95 wt .-%, based on the total weight of components a) and b). The proportion of filler a) is preferably 0.5 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of components a) and b).

In a preferred embodiment, the polymer material (a) additionally contains at least one conductive polymer from the

urea group-containing polyurethane is different.

Suitable conductive polymers generally have a conductivity of at least 1 × 10 ³ S rrr ¹ at 25 ° C., preferably at least 2 × 10 ³ S rrr ¹ at 25 ° C.

Suitable conductive polymers are selected from polyanilines,

Polypyrroles, polythiophenes, polyethylene dioxythiophenes (PEDOT), poly (p-phenylene-vinylenes), polyacetylenes, polydiacetylenes, polyphenylenesulfides (PSP), polyperinaphthalenes (PPN), polyphthalocyanines (PPhc), sulfonated Polystyrene polymers, carbon fiber-filled polymers and blends,

Derivatives and copolymers thereof.

The proportion by weight of the at least conductive polymer is preferably 0 to 10% by weight, for example 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of component b).

In one possible embodiment, the polymer material (a) additionally contains at least one non-conductive polymer different from the urea group-containing polyurethane.

Suitable non-conductive polymers, which are different from the urea group-containing polyurethane, are preferably selected from polyurethanes, silicones, fluorosilicones, polycarbonates, ethylene-vinyl acetates (EVA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes (ABS), polysulfones, poly (meth) acrylates,

Polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polyphenylene ethers, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyolefins, e.g. B. polyethylene or polypropylene, polyether ketones,

Polyetheretherketones, polyimides, polyetherimides,

Polyethylene terephthalates, polybutylene terephthalates, fluoropolymers,

Polyesters, polyacetals, e.g. B. Polyoxymethylene (POM),

Liquid crystal polymers, polyphenylene oxides, polysulphones, polyethersulphones, polystyrenes, epoxides, phenols, chlorosulphonates, polybutadienes, acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers (ABN), butylene, neoprene, nitriles, polyisoprenes, natural rubbers, styrene-isoprene, and styrene-isoprene (styrene-IS) Butadiene-styrenes (SBS), ethylene-propylenes (EPR), ethylene-propylene-diene monomers (EPDM), nitrile-butadienes (NBR), styrene-butadienes (SBR) and their copolymers and mixtures thereof.

The proportion by weight of the at least one non-conductive polymer different from the urea group-containing polyurethane is preferably 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 0 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of component a). If such a non-conductive matrix polymer is present, then it is in an amount of at least 0.1, preferably at least 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of component a).

The conductive polymer and the non-conductive polymer can with

Standard techniques such as melt blending or dispersing the

Filler particles, are mixed into a mixture of the components during the polymerization of the matrix polymer (sol-gel process). Homogeneous and heterogeneous blends are possible. There are no macrophases in a homogeneous blend, whereas there are macrophases in a heterogeneous blend.

In a preferred embodiment, the first polymer material (a) contains a1) 0.5 to 95% by weight of at least one conductive filler, a2) 15 to 99.5% by weight of at least one polymer component, a3) 0 to 20% by weight % at least one of a2) not different

conductive polymer, a4) 0 to 10% by weight of at least one conductive polymer, a5) optionally at least one additive, each additive being present in an amount of up to 3% by weight, optionally at least one solvent. Suitable additives a5) are selected from antioxidants, heat stabilizers, flame retardants, light stabilizers (UV stabilizers, UV absorbers or UV blockers), catalysts for the

Crosslinking reaction, thickeners, thixotropic agents, surface-active agents, viscosity modifiers, lubricants, dyes,

Nucleating agents, antistatic agents, mold release agents, defoamers,

Bactericides, etc.

In addition, the composition can contain as component a6) at least one filler and reinforcing material different from components a) to c). The fillers and reinforcing materials mentioned below are also suitable for providing composites for back injection molding, as described above.

The term "filler and reinforcing material" (= component a6)) is used in

The scope of the invention is broadly understood and includes particulate fillers, fibrous materials and any transition forms. Particulate fillers can have a wide range of particle sizes, ranging from powdery to coarse-grained particles. Organic or inorganic fillers and reinforcing materials can be used as fillers. For example, inorganic fillers such as carbon fibers, kaolin, chalk, wollastonite, talc, calcium carbonate, silicates, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, glass particles, e.g. B. glass spheres, nanoscale layered silicates, nanoscale aluminum oxide (AI2O3), nanoscale titanium dioxide (T1O2), layered silicates and nanoscale silicon dioxide (S1O2) can be used. The fillers can also be surface-treated.

Suitable sheet silicates are kaolins, serpentines, talc, mica,

Vermiculite, lllite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite, double hydroxides and mixtures thereof. The sheet silicates can be surface-treated or untreated. Furthermore, one or more fibrous materials can be used. These are preferably selected from known inorganic ones

Reinforcement fibers such as boron fibers, glass fibers, silica fibers,

Ceramic fibers and basalt fibers; organic reinforcing fibers, such as

Aramid fibers, polyester fibers, nylon fibers and polyethylene fibers and

Natural fibers such as wood fibers, flax fibers, hemp fibers and sisal fibers.

Component a6), if present, is preferably used in an amount of from 1 to 80% by weight, based on the total amount of components a1) to a6).

As a further embodiment, the composition according to the invention can be in the form of a foam. A foam in the sense of the invention is a porous, at least partially open-cell structure with cells communicating with one another.

To produce a polyurethane foam, the components of the composition according to the invention, optionally after a

Prepolymerization of at least a part thereof, mixed, foamed and cured. Curing is preferably carried out by chemical crosslinking. In principle, foaming can take place through the carbon dioxide formed during the reaction of the isocyanate groups with water; the

However, it is also possible to use other propellants. In principle, propellants from the class of hydrocarbons, such as C3-C6 alkanes, e.g. B. n-butane, sec-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, hexanes, etc., or halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, chlorodifluoroethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethane, in particular chlorine-free fluorocarbons, such as difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, difluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1, 2,2- Tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1, 3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluorobutane, heptafluoropropane or sulfur hexafluoride can be used. Mixtures of these blowing agents are also possible. The subsequent curing typically takes place at a temperature of about 10 to 80 ° C, especially 15 to 60 ° C, especially at room temperature. After curing, any residual moisture that may still be present can be removed using conventional methods, such as B. by convective air drying or

Microwave drying.

The polymer component of the polymer material (a) is preferably in the form of a two-component (2K) polymer composition. Suitable (2K) polymer compositions comprise or consist of elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and mixtures thereof. 2K silicone rubbers, 2K polyolefins, 2K polyurethanes and mixtures thereof are preferred.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polymer component of the polymer material (a) is in the form of a two-component (2K) polyurethane composition. Suitable two-component

Polyurethane paints contain z. B. a component (I) and a component (II), the component (I) at least one of the aforementioned

Compounds with at least two reactive towards NCO groups

Contains groups such as those used for the production of urea groups

Polyurethanes are used. Alternatively or additionally, the

Component (I) contain a prepolymer which contains at least two groups which are reactive toward NCO groups. The component (II) contains

at least one of the aforementioned polyisocyanates, as used for the production of urea group-containing polyurethanes. Alternatively or additionally, component (II) can contain a prepolymer which contains at least two NCO groups. The components (I) and / or (II) can optionally contain further oligomers and / or polymeric constituents. So can e.g. B. in the case of an aqueous two-component (2K) polyurethane composition, component (I) have one or more further polyurethane resins and / or acrylate polymers and / or acrylated polyesters and / or acrylated polyurethanes. The other polymers are generally water-soluble or water-dispersible and have hydroxyl groups and optionally acid groups or their salts. The other aforementioned components of the polymer material (a) can each be contained only in component (I) or (II) or in part in both.

The two components (I) and (II) of the two-component (2K) polyurethane composition of the polymer material (a) are produced by the customary methods from the individual constituents with stirring. The

Coating agents are also produced from these two components (I) and (II) by stirring or dispersing using the devices commonly used, for example using a dissolver or the like or using 2-component metering and mixing systems that are also commonly used.

The polymer material (a) containing a two-component (2K) polyurethane composition can be in the form of an aqueous lacquer. A suitable aqueous two-component (2K) polyurethane varnish in the ready-to-use state usually contains, based on the total weight of the composition:

0.5 to 95% by weight of at least one conductive filler (previously defined as component a)),

15 to 99.5% by weight of at least one polyurethane, especially a urea group-containing polyurethane (previously defined as component a2)) 0 to 20% by weight of at least one non-conductive polymer different from a2) (previously defined as component a3)),

0 to 7% by weight of at least one conductive polymer (previously as

Component a4) defined),

0 to 90% by weight, preferably 10 to 80% by weight, of at least one

Solvent,

further additives, fillers and reinforcing materials up to 100% by weight.

With two-component (2K) polyurethane composition according to the invention, plastics such. B. ABS, AMMA, ASA, CA, CAB, EP, UF, CF, MF, MPF, PF, PAN, PA, PC, PE, HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, UHMWPE, PET, PMMA,

PP, PS, SB, PUR, PVC, RF, SAN, PBT, PPE, POM, PUR-RIM, SMC, BMC, PP-EPDM and UP (abbreviations according to DIN 7728T1) can be coated. The plastics to be coated can of course also be polymer blends, modified plastics or fiber-reinforced plastics. Furthermore, the two-component (2K) polyurethane compositions according to the invention can also be applied to other substrates, such as

for example, metal, wood or paper or mineral substrates can be applied.

In the case of non-functionalized and / or non-polar substrate surfaces, these can be subjected to a pretreatment, such as with plasma or flame, before coating.

If desired, the substrates can be primed with the two-component (2K) polyurethane composition according to the invention prior to coating. All common primers, both conventional and water-based primers, can be used as primers. Of course, both radiation-curable and thermally curable or dual primers can be used. The application takes place with the help of customary methods, for example spraying, knife coating, dipping, brushing or by means of coil coating processes.

The coating compositions according to the invention are usually at

Cured at temperatures of at most 250 ° C, preferably at temperatures of at most 150 ° C and very particularly preferably at most 100 ° C.

Another object of the invention is a method for producing a composition for shielding electromagnetic radiation, comprising the steps: a) providing at least one conductive filler and

b) Mixing the at least one conductive filler with the die

Polymer matrix forming polymers.

Another object of the invention is a method for producing a substrate shielded from electromagnetic radiation, comprising or consisting of a composition for shielding

electromagnetic radiation, as defined above, in which such a composition for shielding electromagnetic radiation is provided, and the substrate is formed from the composition for shielding electromagnetic radiation (molding), or the composition for shielding is made into a substrate

electromagnetic radiation incorporated (incorporation), or a substrate at least partially with the composition for

Shielding against electromagnetic radiation coated (coating).

In the context of the invention, substrate is understood to mean any sheet-like structure to which the composition according to the invention can be applied or into which the composition according to the invention can be incorporated or which consists of the composition according to the invention.

Flat structures are z. B. Housing, cable sheathing, sleeves, covers, sensor systems.

A preferred embodiment comprises a method as defined above, in which a drying and / or curing step also follows.

For use in the method according to the invention, the

Composition for shielding electromagnetic radiation with at least one additive different from the conductive filler a). Suitable additives are those mentioned above.

Shapes (= variant 1)

In a first variant of the method according to the invention, the substrate is formed from the composition for shielding electromagnetic radiation. The composition according to the invention is plasticized and subjected to a shaping step. These are shaping steps known to the person skilled in the art, such as casting molds,

Blow molding, calendering, injection molding, pressing, injection compression molding, embossing, extrusion, etc.

Incorporation (= variant 2) In a second variant of the method according to the invention, the composition for electromagnetic shielding is incorporated into a substrate

Radiation incorporated.

Suitable processes for incorporation are known in principle to the person skilled in the art and include those as are customarily used for compounding

Plastic molding compounds are used.

The incorporation can be carried out either in the melt or in the solid phase. A combination of these methods is also possible, e.g. B. by premixing in the solid phase and then mixing in the melt. Conventional devices, such as kneaders or extruders, can be used.

The by incorporating the composition for shielding

The composition obtained by electromagnetic radiation in the substrate can then be subjected to at least one further process step. This is preferably selected from a shape

Drying, hardening or a combination thereof.

Coating (= variant 3)

In a third variant of the method according to the invention, a substrate is at least partially covered with the composition for shielding

coated with electromagnetic radiation.

The substrates are coated with the compositions described for shielding electromagnetic radiation by customary methods known to those skilled in the art. To do this, the

Composition for shielding electromagnetic radiation or a coating composition containing this applied to the substrate to be coated in the desired thickness and optionally dried and / or optionally partially or fully cured. This process can be repeated one or more times if desired. The application to the substrate can be carried out in a known manner, e.g. B. by dipping, spraying, troweling, knife coating, brushing, rolling, dip-coating, rolling, casting, lamination, back injection, in-mold coating, coextrusion, screen printing, pad printing, centrifuging, reactive injection molding (RIM), compression molding and Transfer molding. In a preferred embodiment, the composition for shielding electromagnetic radiation comprises at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and is applied to the substrate to be coated by lamination, back injection molding, coextrusion, reactive injection molding (RIM), compression molding or transfer molding.

The coating can e.g. B. after a spraying process, such as. B. air pressure, airless or electrostatic spray processes can be applied one or more times.

The coating thickness, i.e. H. the thickness of the conductive layer is generally in a range from about 100 to 5000 μm, preferably 500 to 2000 μm.

The application and optionally drying and / or curing of the

Coatings can be used under normal temperature conditions, i.e. H. can be applied without heating the coating, but also at elevated temperature. The coating can e.g. B. during and / or after application at elevated temperature, e.g. B. at 25 to 200 ° C, preferably 30 to 100 ° C dried and / or cured.

Another object of the invention is the use of

Composition according to the invention, as defined above, for shielding electromagnetic rays. In particular, the composition according to the invention, as defined above, can be used for shielding electromagnetic radiation in electronic housings.

The inventive and produced by the inventive method, shielded against electromagnetic radiation

Substrates are advantageous for use in electric vehicles,

Aircraft and spacecraft. A preferred area of application is the use of the substrates according to the invention and the substrates produced by the method according to the invention in electric vehicles and drones. An electric vehicle is generally a means of transport that is at least temporarily or partially powered by electrical energy. The

Energy generated in the vehicle, stored in batteries or temporarily or permanently supplied from outside (e.g. by busbars,

Overhead line, induction, etc.), whereby combinations of different forms of energy supply are possible. Battery-powered vehicles are also known internationally as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV). Examples of electric vehicles are road vehicles, rail vehicles,

Watercraft or aircraft, such as electric cars, electric scooters, electric motorcycles, electric tricycles, battery and trolley buses,

Electric trucks, electric trains (trains and trams), electric bicycles and electric scooters. Electric vehicles within the meaning of the invention are also hybrid electric vehicles (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV) and

Fuel Cell (Electric) Vehicle, FC (E) V. In

In fuel cell vehicles, electrical energy is generated from hydrogen or methanol by a fuel cell and converted directly into motion with the electric drive or temporarily stored in a battery.

In electromobility, a distinction is made between four core areas in which the shielding of electromagnetic radiation is of critical importance: the Power electronics, the battery, the electric motor and the navigation and

Communication facilities. The substrates according to the invention are advantageously suitable for the production of electronic housings for e-mobility vehicles in these four areas.

Modern electric vehicles are based on brushless electric motors, such as asynchronous machines or permanent magnet synchronous machines (brushless DC machine). The commutation of the supply voltage in the phases of the motor, and thus the generation of the necessary for operation

Rotating field, takes place electronically by so-called inverters. When braking, the electric motor acts as a generator and supplies an alternating voltage that is rectified by the inverter and the

Traction battery can be supplied (recuperation). Either

Both fuel cells and batteries in electric cars deliver higher rates

Voltages than the 12 V direct current or 24 V direct current known in the automotive sector. For many components of the on-board electronics, a low-voltage on-board network is still necessary. For this purpose, DC / DC converters are used, which convert the high voltage of the battery into a correspondingly lower voltage and feed loads such as air conditioning, power steering, lighting, etc. Another important power electronics component in the

Electric car is the onboard charger. Charging stations for charging electric vehicles are either single-phase or three-phase

AC or DC available. To charge the

Traction batteries, direct current is required, which is rectified and converted with the help of an onboard charger

Alternating current is generated. The substrates according to the invention are especially suitable for shielding electromagnetic radiation from inverters, DC / DC converters and onboard chargers. The invention

Substrates are especially suitable for the shielding of navigation and Communication devices, such as GPS systems in particular, protect against electromagnetic radiation.

As previously defined, the compositions according to the invention are advantageously suitable, in addition to shielding electromagnetic radiation, also for improving the NVH properties (NVH = noise, vibration, harshness).

Furthermore, as defined above, the compositions according to the invention are suitable for producing seals or containers with a good sealing effect.

The EMI shielding compositions are preferably based on the following compositions:

Polymer matrix:

The EMI shielding composition contains one or more than one of the following polymer matrices

Compounded TPE (comprising anti-aging agents, plasticizers and possibly other additives) or

Compounded TPU (comprising anti-aging agents, plasticizers and possibly other additives) or

Compounded TPV (including anti-aging agents, plasticizers and possibly other additives)

Proportion: in each case 20-95% by weight, preferably 40-95% by weight, based on the total weight of the EMI-shielding composition?

Fillers: The EMI shielding composition contains one or more than one of the following conductive fillers

Carbon black:

is used for coloring, improving electrical conductivity, UV protection

Proportion: 5-30% by weight, based on the total weight of the EMI shielding composition

Carbon fibers:

serve to improve electrical conductivity

Graphite:

Serve to improve electrical conductivity

Particle sizes: 5 pm to 600 pm

Graphene / Carbon nano tubes:

Serve to improve electrical conductivity

Particle sizes: 0.01 pm to 100 pm

Metal fibers:

Serve to improve electrical conductivity

Metals used (including alloys): iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminum Cross-section geometries: round, triangular, square, rectangular

Diameter: 1 gm to 500 gm

Length: 0.5mm to 15mm

Aspect ratio: 1 to 15,000

- Proportion: 5-50 wt.%, Based on the total weight of the EMI

shielding composition

The following examples describe the invention in more detail without referring to it

restrict.

EXAMPLES

Fig. 1: Sample body with a sprayed-on seal and overmolded with a

EMI shielding composition according to the invention.

2: Test specimen with a sprayed-on perforated EMI-shielding composition according to the invention. In addition to good EMI-shielding properties, the perforation also achieves good NVH properties.

Recipe:

The composition according to the invention is produced in an extruder and then granulated. The shaping is done by injection molding to standardized ASTM test pieces. Alternatively, panels with the dimensions

1 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm produced by compression molding and milled the ASTM test specimens therefrom. Good EMI-shielding test specimens are obtained with this formulation.

Claims

1. Method of manufacturing an opposite electromagnetic

A radiation shielded substrate comprising: i) a first polymer material (a) or a precursor thereof

which contains at least one conductive filler and provides at least one second polymer material (b) or a precursor thereof, ii) the polymer materials (a) and (b) provided in step i) or their precursor (s) of shaping with a material bond which subjects polymeric materials (a) and (b), thereby bringing the precursors, if any, to polymerization.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in a further step a

electronic component is coated and / or encased with the substrate obtained in step ii) and / or an electronic component is embedded in the substrate obtained in step ii).

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the components provided in step i), selected from the polymer material (a), the precursor for the polymer material (a), the polymer material (b) and the precursor for the polymer material (b ), is used in flowable form for shaping in step ii) or under the

Process conditions in step ii) is malleable.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step ii)

at least one material connection and optionally additionally at least one form-fitting connection is formed.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which additionally in step ii) the polymer materials (a) and (b) with at least one

Polymer material (c) or a precursor thereof integrally and / or positively connects.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which one, iii) the composite of (a), (b) and optionally (c) with at least one further polymer material (c) or a precursor thereof integrally and / or positively connected and optionally subjecting it to a further shaping, wherein step iii) can be repeated one or more times.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step i) one of the polymer materials (a) or (b) is provided in the form of a composite, preferably a layered composite.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the composite the

Polymer component of the polymer material (a) or (b) and at least one further component (K), which is preferably selected from polymers, polymeric materials, metals, metallic

Materials, ceramic materials, mineral materials, textile materials and combinations thereof, particularly preferably selected from polymer films, polymer moldings, metal foils, metal moldings, reinforced and / or filled plastic materials and combinations thereof.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein in step i) a composite is provided which comprises the polymer component of the polymer material (a) or (b) as a coating on a polymer film and this composite in step ii) by injection molding with the other

Polymer material is firmly connected.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step i) a composite is provided which the polymer component of the polymer material (a) as

Includes coating on a polymer film.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the polymer film is detached from the injection molded part obtained after the injection molding step ii), or the polymer film remains connected to the injection molded part obtained after the injection molding step ii).

12. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the composite comprises at least one reinforced and / or filled plastic material, wherein the reinforcing material is preferably selected from fibrous reinforcing materials, woven, laid, knitted and knitted fibrous reinforcing materials and mixtures thereof and the

Filler is preferably selected from particulate fillers such as kaolin, chalk, wollastonite, talc, calcium carbonate, silicates, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, glass particles and mixtures thereof.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the in step i)

provided polymer materials (a) and (b) are both plasticizable and in step ii) the polymer materials (a) and (b) are materially connected by multi-component injection molding.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein at least one of the following techniques is used for multi-component injection molding:

Core-back technology, transfer technology

(Transfer technology), turning technology, shifting technology, sandwich technology.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an additional function is integrated into the substrate by one or more of the following measures:

Forming a substrate with sensor function,

Use of at least one component to avoid

mechanical vibrations,

Use of at least one component to improve crash protection,

Use at least one component to increase the

Dielectric strength,

Use of at least one component as a heating element,

Use of at least one component, the thermoelectric

Spraying on of mounting and / or connecting elements.

16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Polymer component of the polymer materials (a), (b) and (c) independently is selected from one another from polyurethanes, silicones,

Fluorosilicones, polycarbonates, ethylene-vinyl acetates, acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylates, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubbers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes, acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylates, acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylates, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetates, cellulose acetate, methacrylate, (poly) acrylates, poly (poly) chlorobutyrates, poly (poly) chlorobutyrates, poly (poly) chlorobutyrates. Polyphenylene ethers,

Polystyrenes, polyamides, polyolefins, polyketones, polyether ketones, polyimides, polyetherimides, polyethylene terephthalates,

Polybutylene terephthalates, fluoropolymers, polyesters, polyacetals, liquid crystal polymers, polyethersulfones, epoxy resins,

Phenolic resins, chlorosulfonates, polybutadienes, polybutylene,

Polyneoprenes, polynitriles, polyisoprenes, natural rubbers, styrene-isoprene-styrenes, styrene-butadiene-styrenes, ethylene-propylenes, ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers and their copolymers and mixtures thereof.

17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

The polymer component of the polymer material (a) is selected from thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers, elastomers and mixtures thereof.

18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

The polymer component of the polymer material (a) is selected from polyolefin flomopolymers or copolymers, liquid silicone rubbers, epoxy polymers, polyurethanes and mixtures thereof, and

in particular contains at least one urea group-containing polyurethane or consists of at least one urea group-containing polyurethane.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the polymer component of the polymer material (a) comprises a thermoplastic elastomer or consists of at least one thermoplastic elastomer, preferably selected from thermoplastics

Polyamide elastomers, thermoplastic copolyester elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers based on olefin, thermoplastic styrene block copolymers, thermoplastic elastomers based on polyurethane, thermoplastic vulcanizates and crosslinked thermoplastics

Olefin-based elastomers and polyether block amides.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the polymer component des

Polymer material (a) is selected from SEBS, SEPS, SBS, SEEPS, SiBS, SIS, SIBS or mixtures thereof, in particular SBS, SEBS, SEPS, SEEPS, MBS.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the polymer component des

Polymer material (a) is selected from a thermoplastic elastomer based on olefin, in particular selected from PP / EPDM and ethylene-propylene copolymers.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the polymer component des

Polymer material (a) is selected from a thermoplastic elastomer based on polyurethane, in particular derived from at least one polymeric polyol, specifically selected from at least one polyester diol, polyether diol, polycarbonate diol and mixtures thereof.

23. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

The polymer component of the polymer material (c) is selected from elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and mixtures thereof.

24. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer component of the polymer material (a) selected from thermoplastic elastomers based on olefins, crosslinked

olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic styrene block copolymers, crosslinked thermoplastic styrene block copolymers, thermoplastic elastomers

Polyurethane-based, crosslinked polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomers, and mixtures thereof.

25. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Polymer component of the polymer material (a) comprises at least one urea group-containing polyurethane.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the at least one

urea group-containing polyurethane is low-branched or linear, preferably has a degree of branching of 0 to 20%,

in particular is linear.

27. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Polymer component (a) additionally contains at least one conductive polymer.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the conductive polymer is selected from polyanilines, polypyrroles, polythiophenes,

Polyethylene dioxythiophenes (PEDOT), poly (p-phenylene-vinylenes), polyacetylenes, polydiacetylenes, polyphenylene sulfides (PPS), polyperinaphthalenes (PPN), polyphthalocyanines (PPhc), sulfonated polystyrene polymers, carbon fiber-filled polymers and mixtures, derivatives and copolymers thereof.

29. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one conductive filler is selected from

Carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphite, graphene, conductive carbon black, metal-coated substrates, elemental metals, metal oxides, metal alloys, metal fibers and mixtures thereof.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the conductive filler is not as

If a homogeneous layer consisting of metal is present, the conductive filler is preferably not layers of metals obtained by metal vapor deposition or metal foils.

31. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Filler a mixture of carbon black and at least one of carbon black

various components, preferably that of carbon black

various component is selected from metal-coated supports, elemental metals, metal oxides, metal alloys, metal fibers and mixtures thereof.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the conductive filler is a mixture of at least one conductive carbon black and at least one

metal-containing material is.

33. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first polymer material (a) a1) 0.5 to 95% by weight of at least one conductive filler, a2) 15 to 99.5% by weight of at least one polymer component, a3) 0 to 20% by weight of at least one non-conductive polymer different from a2), a4) 0 to 10% by weight of at least one conductive polymer, a5) optionally at least one additive, each additive in an amount of up to 3 Wt .-% is present, optionally at least one solvent contains.

34. Substrate obtainable by a process as defined in any one of claims 1 to 32.

35. Apparatus for shielding electromagnetic rays, comprising or consisting of a substrate as defined in claim 34 or obtainable by a method as defined in one of claims 1 to 33.

36. Use of the substrate as defined in claim 34 or obtainable by a method as defined in one of claims 1 to 33 for shielding electromagnetic radiation, preferably in electronic housings.

37. Use according to Claim 35 in electric vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, preferably in electric vehicles and drones.

38. Use according to one of claims 36 or 37 for shielding electromagnetic radiation in the field of power electronics, the Battery, the electric motor and for shielding navigation and communication devices, particularly preferably for shielding electromagnetic radiation from inverters, DC / DC converters, onboard chargers and for shielding GPS systems.