EP3992337A1 - Frotteeartikel und verfahren zur herstellung davon - Google Patents

Frotteeartikel und verfahren zur herstellung davon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3992337A1
EP3992337A1 EP21205705.3A EP21205705A EP3992337A1 EP 3992337 A1 EP3992337 A1 EP 3992337A1 EP 21205705 A EP21205705 A EP 21205705A EP 3992337 A1 EP3992337 A1 EP 3992337A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
piles
yarns
component
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21205705.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3992337B1 (de
Inventor
Dipali Goenka
Rajender SHARMA
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Welspun Living Ltd
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Welspun India Ltd
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Publication of EP3992337A1 publication Critical patent/EP3992337A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3992337B1 publication Critical patent/EP3992337B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0017—Woven household fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
    • D03D27/02—Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
    • D03D27/06—Warp pile fabrics
    • D03D27/08—Terry fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/208—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads cellulose-based
    • D03D15/217—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads cellulose-based natural from plants, e.g. cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/567—Shapes or effects upon shrinkage
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/02—Cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2503/00—Domestic or personal

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to articles formed from terry fabrics with blended natural fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers and methods of making same.
  • Terry fabrics have a wide range of end uses. More common examples are towels, bath robes, rugs, top of the bed fabrics, bath mats, and seat covers.
  • Terry fabrics include ground warp yarns, weft yarns interwoven with warp yarns, and pile yarns that define piles on one or both sides of the fabric. Terry fabrics are cut to size, and hems or selvedges formed along the edges define the shape of the article.
  • Terry fabric design takes into consideration end-use performance requirements and aesthetics. Design features that impact fabric properties and therefore contribute to performance of the fabric during use include fiber type, yarn type, yarn count, pile height, pile density, ground fabric structure, and fabric weight. Optimizing fabric structure for the end-use requirements is difficult and is not always a predictable endeavor.
  • the terry article includes a ground component including a plurality of ground warp yarns and a plurality of weft yarns interwoven with the plurality of ground warp yarns.
  • the ground component includes a lower side and an upper side opposed to the lower side along a vertical direction.
  • the terry article further includes a first pile component disposed on the upper side.
  • the first pile component includes a plurality of piles that extend away from the ground component along the vertical direction.
  • the terry article further includes a second pile component disposed on the upper side.
  • the second pile component includes a second plurality of piles that extend away from the ground component along the vertical direction.
  • the first plurality of piles are formed from a first set of pile yarns comprised of natural fibers.
  • the first plurality of piles includes a first pile base located at the ground component, a first pile end spaced apart from the first pile base, and a first pile height that extends from the first pile base to the first pile end along the vertical direction.
  • the second plurality of piles are formed from a second set of pile yarns and are comprised of a blend of natural fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • the second plurality of piles including a second pile base at the ground component, a second pile end spaced apart from the second pile base, and a second pile height that extends from the second pile base to the second pile end along the vertical direction.
  • the second pile height is less than the first pile height
  • the terry article includes a ground component including a plurality of ground warp yarns and a plurality of weft yarns interwoven with the plurality of ground warp yarns.
  • the ground component includes a first side and a second side opposed to the first side along a vertical direction.
  • the terry article also includes a first pile component disposed on the first side.
  • the first pile component includes a first plurality of piles that extend away from the ground component along the vertical direction.
  • the first plurality of piles are formed from a first set of pile yarns comprised of natural fibers.
  • the first plurality of piles includes a first pile base located at the ground component, a first pile end spaced apart from the first pile base, and a first pile height that extends from the first pile base to the first pile end along the vertical direction.
  • the terry article includes a second pile component disposed on the second side.
  • the second pile component includes a second plurality of piles that extend away from the ground component in the vertical direction.
  • the second plurality of piles are formed from a blend of natural fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers, the second plurality of piles including a second pile base at the ground component, a second pile end spaced apart from the second pile base, and a second pile height that extends from the second pile base to the second pile end along the vertical direction.
  • the second pile height is less than the first pile height.
  • Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a method of making a terry article.
  • The includes the step of weaving a pile fabric to include a ground component and a pile component disposed on at least one of an upper side and a lower side of the ground component.
  • the weaving step forms the pile component with a first plurality of piles formed from natural fiber yarns and a second set of piles formed from a blend of natural fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • the method includes, after the weaving step, treating the pile fabric so as to cause the blend of natural fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers to shrink, thereby decreasing a pile height of the second plurality of piles relative to a pile height of the first plurality of piles.
  • a terry article that includes a ground component including a plurality of ground warp yarns and a plurality of weft yarns interwoven with the plurality of ground warp yarns.
  • the ground component includes a lower side and an upper side opposed to the lower side along a vertical direction.
  • the terry article further includes a pile component.
  • the pile component includes a first plurality of piles that extend away from the ground component along a vertical direction.
  • the first plurality of piles are formed from a first set of pile yarns comprised of natural fibers.
  • the first plurality of piles includes a first pile base located at the ground component, a first pile end spaced apart from the first pile base, and a first pile height that extends from the first pile base to the first pile end along the vertical direction.
  • the pile component further includes a second plurality of piles that extend away from the ground component in the vertical direction.
  • the second plurality of piles are comprised of a blend of natural fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • the second plurality of piles includes a second pile base at the ground component, a second pile end spaced apart from the second pile base, and a second pile height that extends from the second pile base to the second pile end along the vertical direction.
  • the second pile height is less than the first pile height.
  • the terry article 10 includes a ground component 30 and at least one pile component.
  • the pile component includes a first set of piles formed from natural yarns and a second set of piles formed from a blend of natural fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • a blend of cotton fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers is used to form the second set of piles.
  • any natural fiber may be blended with thermoplastic staple fibers to form the second set of piles.
  • the thermoplastic staple fiber is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) staple fiber.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the pile height differential can create a visually observable texture or pattern in the terry article 10. Furthermore, improved cushion profiles are possible by designing the terry article to have different pile heights in different locations on the terry article 10.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure include several different pile configurations including first and second piles with a height differential.
  • the different pile configuration include: a) a pile component on only one side of the article that includes the first set of piles and the second set of piles; b) a pile component both sides of article that includes the first set of piles and the second set of piles; and c) a first pile component including the first set of piles disposed on a first side of the article and a second pile component that includes the second set of piles disposed on the other side of the terry article.
  • a "pile” as used herein includes a pile loop or a cut pile. As illustrated in the drawings, the pile fabrics includes pile loops. However, the pile fabrics can include cut piles as well.
  • terry articles--products made with or including terry fabrics can include, but are not limited to, towels, bath robes, rugs, top of the bed fabrics, bath mats, and seat covers.
  • the terry articles as described herein are suitable for home-uses, e.g. for products in bath or kitchen uses, commercial uses, such towels designed for hotels, hospitality business, healthcare and restaurants, and/or industrial uses for cleaning or wiping of spills in industrial settings.
  • the terry article 10 includes opposed ends 12 and 14 spaced apart along a longitudinal direction 2, and side edges 16 and 18 that extend from the end 12 to the end 14 along the longitudinal direction 2.
  • the longitudinal direction 2 can be referred to as the machine direction or warp direction.
  • the side edges 16 and 18 are spaced apart with respect to each other along a lateral direction 4 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 2.
  • the ends 12 and 14 and side edges 16 and 18 collectively define a towel perimeter, which in turn defines a size and shape of the terry article.
  • the article 10 also includes a face 20 and a face 22 opposed to the face 20 along a vertical direction 6 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal and lateral directions 2 and 4, respectively.
  • the terry article 10 has a length L that extends from the end 12 to the end 14 along the longitudinal direction 2 and a width W that extends along the lateral direction 4. As illustrated, the terry article length L is greater than the width W so as to define the shape of a bath towel or hand towel.
  • the dimensions of the terry article 10 can be defined during manufacturing to any particular size. For instance, the terry article 10 can be a hand towel.
  • the terry article 10 includes a ground component 30 and at least one pile component.
  • the terry article 10 has an upper pile component 60 along a face 20 of the article 10 and a lower pile component 160 along a back 22 of the article 10.
  • the terry article 10 includes only one pile component on either the face 20 or back 22.
  • the ground component 30 includes an upper side 32 and a lower side 34 spaced from the upper side along the vertical direction 6.
  • the upper pile component 60 can project away from the upper side 32 of the ground component 30 along the vertical direction 6 in a first direction 8a.
  • the lower pile component 160 can project from the lower side 34 along the vertical direction 6 in a second direction 8b that is opposite to the first direction 8a.
  • the terry article ends 12 and 14 include hems 24a and 24b, respectively.
  • the side edges 16 and 18 can include hems or selvages 26a and 26b, respectively.
  • the terry article 10 can also include one or more optional borders 28 that extend across the width W or the length L of the terry article 10.
  • the terry article 10 shown in Figure 1 includes a first border 28a and a second border 28b.
  • the upper pile component 60 can extend across a majority of the article face 20. Specifically, the upper pile component 60 extends from one border 28a to the opposite border 28b along the longitudinal direction 2, between the border 28a and end 12, and also between border 28b and end 14. The upper pile component also extends from one hem 26a at a side edge 16 to the opposing hem 26b at a side edge 18 along the lateral direction 4. The upper pile component 60 therefore defines substantial portion of the face 20 of the terry article 10. Accordingly, the upper pile component 60 includes a plurality of piles (up to all of the piles) located on the upper side 32 of the ground component 30.
  • the lower pile component 160 may extend along one or both of longitudinal and lateral directions 2 and 4 on the lower side 34 of the ground component 30. As shown, the lower pile component 160 corresponds to the upper pile component 60 such that lower pile component 160 defines a substantial portion of the back 22 of the terry article 10. Accordingly, the lower pile component 160 includes a plurality of piles, up to all of the piles, on the lower side 34 of the ground component 34.
  • the upper pile component 60 may be referred to as a first pile component and the lower pile component 160 may be referred to as a second pile component.
  • the ground component 30 includes a plurality of ground warp yarns 40 and a plurality of weft yarns 42 interwoven with the plurality of ground warp yarns 40.
  • the ground component 30 may be defined by a number of woven structures. Exemplary woven structures for the ground component 30 include, but are not limited to, 1x1 plain weave, 2x1 rib weave, 2x2 rib weave, or 3x1 rib weave.
  • the ground warp and weft yarns each comprise one or more of natural fiber and a synthetic fiber.
  • each ground warp yarns may be natural fiber yarns, or a blended cotton and synthetic fiber yarns.
  • the ground warp yarns 40 can be formed from any number of fiber types.
  • the ground warp yarns can be natural fiber yarns, or natural and synthetic blended fibers.
  • the ground warp yarns may be formed using 100% cotton, or cotton blend of suitable proportion that in addition to cotton includes fibers of natural or synthetic origin, such as cotton with one or more of other type of fiber, including but not limited to one or more of ramie, hemp, linen, viscose, lyocell, wool, regular/recycled polyester, or other fiber. Synthetic yarns with good moisture absorbency and/or retention properties may be used.
  • the natural fiber yarns may include primarily cotton fibers, flax, bamboo, hemp, or other natural fibers.
  • Natural and synthetic blended fibers can include blends of cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers, including cotton and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) staple fibers, and cotton and polylactic acid (PLA) staple fibers.
  • Other cotton and synthetic blends include cotton and staple microfibers.
  • Additional cotton and synthetic blends include cotton and staple fibers with complex cross-sectional shapes.
  • the cotton and synthetic blended fibers can include cotton fibers in a core-spun construction with a synthetic fiber comprising the core.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to cotton blends.
  • Synthetic yarns may include rayon fibers (e.g. Modal, Lyocell), microfiber staple fibers, or blends of PET and polyamidemicrofibers.
  • the ground warp yarns 40 can be any type of spun yarn structure.
  • the ground warp yarns can be ring spun yarns, open end yarns, or rotor spun yarns, or filaments.
  • the ground warp yarns can be Hygrocotton ® brand yarns marketed by Welspun India Limited.
  • yarns can be formed as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,833,075 , entitled "Hygro Materials for Use In Making Yarns And Fabrics," (the 075 patent). The 075 patent is incorporated by reference into present disclosure.
  • the ground warp yarns have a count in a range between about 6 Ne (98.33 Tex) to about 60 Ne (9.84 Tex).
  • the ground warp yarns have a count of about 16 Ne (36.88 Tex). In another example, the ground warp yarns have a count of about 20 Ne (29.50 Tex). In another example, the ground warp yarns have a count of about 24 Ne (24.58 Tex). In another example, the ground warp yarns have a count of about 30 Ne (19.68 Tex). In another example, the ground warp yarns have a count of about 34 Ne (17.36 Tex). In another example, the ground warp yarns have a count of about 40 Ne (14.76 Tex). In another example, the ground warp yarns have a count of about 50 Ne (11.80 Tex). In addition, the ground warp yarns can be plied yarns. In one example, the natural fiber warp yarn is 2-ply yarn. In another example, the ground warp yarns yarn is a 3-ply yarn.
  • the weft yarns 42 can be formed from a number of fiber types in a variety of different yarn structures.
  • the weft yarns can be natural fiber yarns, or cotton and synthetic blended yarns.
  • the ground weft yarns can be ring spun yarns, open end yarns, or rotor spun yarns, or filaments.
  • the ground weft yarns can be Hygrocotton ® brand yarns marketed by Welspun India Limited.
  • yarns can be formed as disclosed in the 075 patent.
  • the weft yarns 42 can have a count in a range between about 6 Ne (98.33 Tex) to about 60 Ne (9.84 Tex).
  • the weft yarns 42 can be similar to the ground warp yarns described above.
  • the upper pile component 60 can be disposed on the upper side 32 of the ground component 30.
  • the upper pile component 60 includes an upper first plurality of piles 62 that extend away from the ground component 30 in the first direction 8a.
  • the first plurality of piles 62 are formed by a first set of pile yarns 64.
  • the first plurality of piles 62 further define a base 66 located at the ground component 30, a pile end 68 spaced apart from the base 66 along a respective pile loop 62, and a first pile height H1 that extends from the base 66 to the pile end 68.
  • the first pile height H1 may be referred to as the upper first pile height H1.
  • the upper pile component 60 includes a second plurality of piles 72 that extend away from the ground component 30 in the first direction 8a.
  • the second plurality of piles 72 are formed from a blend of cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers 74.
  • the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers may be referred to as second pile yarns.
  • Each loop 72 includes a pile base 76 at the ground component 30, a pile end 78 spaced apart from the pile base 76, and a second pile height H2 that extends from the pile base 76 to the pile end 78.
  • the second pile height H2 may be referred to as the upper second pile height H2.
  • the upper pile component 60 is configured such that the upper second pile height H2 is less than the upper first pile height H1 due to thermally induced shrinkage of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers 74.
  • the upper second pile height H2 is at about 1 mm to about 5 mm less than the upper first pile height H1. In one example, the upper second pile height H2 is at least 15 % less than the upper first pile height H1. In another example, the upper second pile height H2 is between about 15% to about 50% less than the upper first pile height H1. In another example, the upper second pile height H2 is between about 20 % to about 40% less than the upper first pile height H1. In another example, the upper second pile height H2 is between is about 20% less than the upper first pile height H1. In yet another example, the upper second pile height H2 is between is about 30% less than the upper first pile height H1. In yet another example, the upper second pile height H2 is about 40% less than the upper first pile height H1.
  • the upper pile component 60 includes first pile zones 80 that include the first piles 62 and second pile zones 82 that include the second piles 72.
  • the first and second pile zones 80 and 82 can be randomly distributed across the terry article 10 such that the height differential between the first and second pile loops 62 and 72 creates visually perceptible texture across width W and length L of the upper pile component 60.
  • the first and second pile zones 80 and 82 can define distinct shapes with respect to each other.
  • the first and second pile zones 80 and 82 can be configured to have one or more of a linear, curvilinear, and rectilinear shape.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a terry article 11a that includes a first pile zone 81a that surrounds multiple square shaped second zones 82a.
  • an alternative embodiment of a terry article 11b includes rectilinear shaped first pile zones 81b and rectilinear shaped second zones 82b.
  • a terry article 11c includes a first pile zone 81b that surrounds circular shaped second zones 82b.
  • an alternative embodiment of a terry article 11d includes a plurality of curvilinear shaped bands that define the first pile zones 81d and curvilinear narrow bands that define second zones 82d.
  • the first pile yarns 64 define the first plurality of piles.
  • the first pile yarns 64 may include natural fibers.
  • the natural fibers in the first pile yarns 64 can be cotton, flax, bamboo, hemp, or other natural fibers with improved moisture absorbency and retention properties.
  • the natural fibers can include plant-based fibers (e.g., cotton) or animal based fibers (e.g., wool).
  • the natural fibers are cotton fibers.
  • the first pile yarn can be a ring spun yarn, an open-end yarn, a rotor spun yarn, or the Hygrocotton ® brand yarn in accordance with the 075 patent.
  • the first pile yarns 64 may have a count between about 6 Ne (98.33 Tex) to about 60 Ne (9.84 Tex). In one example, the first pile yarns 64 may have a count between 10 Ne (59.00 Tex) to about 50 Ne (11.80 Tex), and preferably between about 10 Ne (59.00 Tex) to about 30 Ne (19.68 Tex). In another example, the first pile yarns 64 may have a count between 10 Ne (59.00 Tex) to about 24 Ne (24.58 Tex). In one example, the first pile yarns 64 have a count of about 16 Ne (36.88). In another example, the first pile yarns 64 have a count of about 20 Ne (29.50 Tex).
  • the first pile yarns 64 have a count of about 24 Ne (24.58 Tex). Furthermore, the first pile yarns 64 can have between about 150 and 350 turns/meter of twist, preferably between about 200 to about 300 turns/meter of twist. In addition, the first pile yarns 64 can be plied yarns. In one example the first pile yarn is 2-ply yarn. In another example, the first pile yarns 64 are 3-ply yarns. In another example, the first pile yarns 64 are 4-ply yarns.
  • the second pile yarns 74 include a blend of cotton fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers and define the second piles.
  • the thermoplastic staple fibers are high-shrinkage thermoplastic fibers.
  • the thermoplastic staple fibers are configured to shrink along the yarn length and possibly radially in presence of a treatment. Yarn shrinkage, in turn, causes the second pile height H2 (the second piles) to decrease relative to the pile height H1 of the first piles. Accordingly, the treatment causes the pile height in the second plurality of piles to decrease.
  • the second pile yarns 74 include thermoplastic staple fibers that are considered "non-heat set yarns.”
  • Non-heat set yarns are processed in such a way that fiber morphology and stresses have not been fixed as a result of heat set processing.
  • the non-heat set yarns have not subjected to heat set process during yarn formation, as is known in the art.
  • subsequent exposure of non-heat set yarns (the second pile yarns 74), once formed into the pile fabric, to a temperature that exceeds the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer forming the fibers, for a sufficient period of time causes the non-heat set yarns to shrink along the yarn length and possibly radially.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • non-heat set yarns could be partially heat set.
  • partially non-heat set fibers can be processed so as to induce some level of ordering of the fiber morphology and fixation of internal stresses, but not the extent that the fully heat-set yarn processes would.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the phrase "non-heat set yarn” includes a non-heat set yarn and a partially non-heat set yarn, unless specifically noted otherwise or claimed separately.
  • the treatment used to induce yarn shrinkage can vary based on type of blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers used to form the second piles.
  • the second pile yarns 74 can include blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers that may be heat set yet capable of shrinkage in the presence of treatment, such as elevated temperatures as described above.
  • the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers have a blend between about 10% and about 95% cotton and between about 90% to about 5% thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers may for example have a blend of cotton in a range from 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 or 90% up to 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90 or 95% and thermoplastic staple fibers in a range from 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 or 85% up to 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 or 90%.
  • the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers have a blend between about 65% cotton and between about 35% thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • the terry article 10 can also include the lower pile component 160.
  • the lower pile component 160 is sometimes referred to as the second pile component.
  • the lower pile component 160 includes a lower first plurality of piles 162 that extends away from the ground component 30 in the second direction 8b.
  • the lower first plurality of piles 162 are formed by a first set of pile yarns 164, which are similar to the first pile yarns 64 that form piles 62 in the upper pile component 60.
  • the first plurality of piles 162 further define a base 166 located at the ground component 30, a pile end 168 spaced apart from the base 166 along a respective pile loop 162, and a third pile height H3 that extends from the base 166 to the pile end 168.
  • the third pile height H3 may be referred to as lower first pile height H3.
  • the lower pile component 160 also includes a lower second plurality of piles 172 that project away from the ground component 30 in the second direction 8b.
  • the second plurality of piles 172 are formed from a set of blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers 174 which are similar to the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers 74 that form loops 72 in the upper pile component 60.
  • the second plurality of piles 172 include a pile base 176 at the ground component 30, a pile end 178 spaced apart from the pile base 176, and a fourth pile height H4 that extends from the pile base 176 to the pile end 178.
  • the fourth pile height referred to as the lower second pile height H4.
  • the lower pile component 160 is configured such that the fourth pile height H4 is less than the third pile height H4 as a result of thermally induced shrinkage of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers 174.
  • the lower second pile height H4 is at least 15% less than the lower first pile height H3.
  • the lower second pile height H4 is between about 15% to about 50% less than the lower first pile height H3.
  • the lower second pile height H4 is between about 20% to about 40% less than the lower first pile height H3. In another example, the lower second pile height H4 is between is about 20% less than the lower first pile height H3. In yet another example, the lower second pile height H4 is between is about 30% less than the lower first pile height H3. In yet another example, the lower second pile height H4 is about 40% less than the lower first pile height H3.
  • the lower pile component 160 can also include one or more first pile zones 180 that include the lower first piles 162, and one or more second pile zones 182 that include the lower second piles 172.
  • the first and second pile zones 180 and 182 can be randomly distributed across the terry article 10 such that the height differential between the lower first and second piles 162 and 172 creates a visually perceptible texture across width W and length L of the lower pile component 160.
  • the first and second pile zones 180 and 182 can define distinct shapes with respect to each other.
  • the pile zones 180 and 182 can define one or more of linear, curvilinear, and rectilinear shapes.
  • a method of making a terry article according to an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated in Figure 8 .
  • the method 200 includes yarn formation processing steps 210 for: a) ground warp yarns, b) weft yarns, c) the first pile warp yarns, and d) the second pile warp yarns.
  • yarn formation 210 can include forming additional first and second pile yarn sets for the lower pile component 160. Exemplary yarn formation phases will be described next.
  • the ground warp yarns may be formed from any number of fiber types.
  • the ground warp yarns can be formed primarily with natural fibers or blended cotton and synthetic fibers or yarns with good moisture absorbency and/or retention properties, as described above.
  • the ground warp yarns are formed primarily from natural fibers, such as cotton or cotton blends of suitable proportion including one or more of ramie, hemp, linen, viscose, lyocell, wool, regular/recycled polyester, or other fiber.
  • Yarn formation 210 for the ground warp yarns can include various staple yarn spinning systems. Such yarn spinning systems may include bale opening, carding, optionally combing, drafting, roving, and yarn spinning (yarn spinning processes are not illustrated) to the desired count and twist level. In some cases, the ground warp yarns can be plied into 2-ply, 3- ply, or 4-ply configurations. After yarn spinning, the ground warp yarns are wound into the desired yarn packages for ground warp preparation step 220. In one example, ring spinning is the preferred spinning system. However, the ground warp yarns can be formed using open end spinning systems or rotor spun spinning systems. Furthermore, the spinning system may include methods to form the Hygrocotton ® , as disclosed in the 075 patent. The 075 patent is incorporated by reference into present disclosure.
  • the weft yarns may be formed with similar fiber types and using the same or similar yarn spinning systems used to form the ground warp yarns. As needed, the weft yarns may be plied in 2-ply, 3-ply, or 4-ply configurations. Following weft yarn spinning, the weft yarns are wound onto desired packages. The wound packages are then staged for weft insertion during fabric formation steps discussed further below.
  • Yarn formation step 210 includes forming the upper first pile yarns 64 from natural fibers using typical yarn spinning systems.
  • the first pile yarns 64 may be formed using the same or similar process to how the warp yarns were formed.
  • the natural fibers are cotton fibers or cotton blends that in addition to cotton includes fibers of natural or synthetic origin, such as cotton with one or more of other type of fiber, including but not limited to one or more of ramie, hemp, linen, viscose, lyocell, wool, regular/recycled polyester, or other fiber.
  • the first pile yarn formation steps produce pile yarns with a desired count and twist level as described above. However, it should be appreciated that the first pile yarn count and twist level can vary as needed based on the specific end use.
  • First pile yarn formation steps may include plying the yarns into 2-ply, 3-ply, or 4-ply configurations.
  • the first pile yarns 64 can be formed from blends of cotton and synthetic fibers, such as PET fibers.
  • the first pile yarns 64 are formed using other fibers, such as viscose rayon.
  • the second pile yarns 74 are formed via a blending of cotton fibers and thermoplastic staple fibers. Accordingly, the second pile yarns 74 may be non-heat set yarns. As noted above, non-heat set yarns can shrink if exposed to temperatures at or above the respective polymer glass transition temperature (Tg), in absence of tension applied to the yarns. As further described below, utilization of non-heat set yarns 74 to form the second piles and the subsequent exposure to sufficient thermal energy causes the second piles 72 to shrink and reduce the pile height H2, as further detailed below.
  • Tg polymer glass transition temperature
  • the yarn formation step 210 may include forming the lower first and second pile yarns, in addition to the steps of forming the upper first and second pile yarns 64 and 74. Forming lower first and second pile yarns is similar to the production steps in forming the first pile yarns 64 and the second pile yarns 74.
  • the ground warp preparation step 220 includes one or more ground warping steps, whereby the ground yarn ends are removed from their respective yarn packages, arranged in a parallel form, and wound onto a ground warp beam.
  • the ground warp preparation step 220 also includes a sizing step where a typical sizing agent is applied to each ground warp yarn to aid in fabric formation.
  • the ground warp preparation step 220 results in a warp beam of ground warp yarns prepared for weaving.
  • the ground warp beam can be positioned on a mounting arm of a weaving loom so that the ground warp yarns can be drawn through the loom components, as further described below.
  • the pile warp preparation step 230 includes similar steps to the ground warp preparation steps--warping and sizing.
  • pile warp preparation 230 includes warping and sizing the first pile yarns 64 (e.g. the natural fiber pile yarns).
  • the pile warp preparation step 230 also includes warping and sizing a second pile warp of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers 74 (i.e. the non-heat set yarns).
  • the pile warp preparation step 230 results in at least two different pile warp beams: a first pile warp beam and a second pile warp beam.
  • the pile warp preparation 230 step includes preparing four separate pile warp beams: two upper pile warp beams and two lower pile warp beams. More specifically, the pile warp preparation step 230 can include preparing warp of first pile yarns 64, e.g. natural fiber yarns. The pile preparation step 230 also includes preparing a warp of blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers 74. The pile preparation step 230 also included preparing a lower first pile warp of yarns. In one example, the lower first pile yarns are natural fiber yarns that are similar to the yarns in the upper first pile warp. The pile preparation step also includes preparing a lower second warp of blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • Step 230 results in four pile warp beams, with two upper pile warp beams dedicated to forming the first and second upper loops in the upper pile component 60, and two lower pile warp beams dedicated to forming the first and second lower piles in the lower pile component 160.
  • the ground and pile warp beams are positioned on respective mounting arms or mounting brackets proximate the weaving loom (not shown).
  • a weaving step 240 forms a pile fabric by forming the ground component 30 and the pile component on one side (or both sides) of the ground component 30 using a weaving loom designed for terry weaving. More specifically, in the weaving step 240, each ground warp yarn and each pile warp yarn from the respective warp beams are drawn-in (not shown) through various components of a weaving loom, such as drop wires, heddle eyes attached to a respective harness, reed and reed dents, in a designated order as is known in the art.
  • the weaving step 240 proceeds through two phases: a ground component formation phase and a pile component formation phase. Both phases include a particular shedding motion to facilitate interweaving the weft yarns with the ground warp yarns and pile warp yarns to create the desired pile fabric construction.
  • shedding motions can include cam shedding, dobby shedding, or jacquard shedding motions, each of which can cause the selective raising and lowering of warp ends to create an open shed for weft insertion.
  • the weaving loom may be configured for one type of shedding motion for the ground warp yarns and another type of shedding motion for the pile warp yarns.
  • a cam or dobby shedding motion can be used for the ground warp yarns and the jacquard shedding motions can be used for the pile warp yarns.
  • a specific reed motion and warp take-off system is utilized to form the piles during the pile component phase and such a mechanism using a terry weaving loom is well known and will not be repeated here.
  • ground component phase of the weaving step 240 weft yarns are interwoven with the ground warp yarns to define the ground component or ground fabric.
  • Exemplary ground fabric woven constructions include: a 1 ⁇ 1 plain weave, 2 ⁇ 1 rib weave, 2 ⁇ 2 rib weave, or 3 ⁇ 1 rib weave. Other woven constructions in the ground fabric are possible as well.
  • the ground component formation phase can utilize different weft insertion techniques, including air-jet, rapier, or projectile type weft (fill) insertion techniques.
  • the pile component phase of the weaving step 240 includes interweaving the first pile yarns 64 (via the first warp) with the ground warp and weft yarns to create a first set of piles that extend away from the ground component along a vertical direction V.
  • the weaving step includes interweaving the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers with the ground warp and weft yarns to form the second set of piles that extend along the vertical direction V. If plied yarns are used to create the piles, the piles will have a spiral shape. Otherwise, the pile has what is referred to as upright shape.
  • the weaving step 240 can further include weaving one or more borders across a length L, width W, or along other directions that angularly offset with respect to length L and width W of the pile fabric. Forming such a border includes weaving the border with a weft or pick density that is 3 or more times greater than the pick density of adjacent portions of the pile fabric.
  • the weaving step 240 can further include weaving one or more selvedge edges along a length L of the pile fabric.
  • the weaving step 240 can form pile fabrics having any number of different fabric constructions.
  • the pile fabric is formed to result in a 3-pick up to 7-pick (or more) terry weave pattern.
  • the pile fabric can have a 1:1 warp order where each ground warp end is followed by a pile warp end across the width of the pile fabric.
  • the pile fabric can have a 2:2 warp order a pair of ground warp ends are followed by a pair of pile warp end across the width of the pile fabric.
  • the pile fabric can be formed to include between about 15 to about 45 ends/cm, preferably between about 20 and 30 ends/cm.
  • the weft or pick density can range between about 10 picks/cm to about 30 picks/cm.
  • the pick density is between about 15 picks/cm to about 25 picks/cm.
  • the weaving step 240 further includes forming upper pile component 60 on the upper side 32 of the ground component 30 and forming the lower pile component 160 on the lower side 24 of the ground component 30.
  • the lower pile component 160 includes a lower first set of piles 162 formed from natural fiber yarns and a lower second set piles are formed with thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • the pile fabric is subjected to a post-formation processing step 250.
  • the post-formation processing or treatment step 250 can cause the blended thermoplastic staple fibers (or second piles) to shrink, which decreases a pile height of the second plurality of piles relative to the pile height of the first plurality of piles.
  • the treatment step can include a thermal treatment in one or more of a dyeing and finishing phase, a drying phase, or in a separate process phase. The thermal treatment is described next and its application to the dyeing and finishing phase, the drying phase, and as separate process phase is described afterwards.
  • the treatment step includes exposing the pile fabric to thermal energy for a period of time that is sufficient to cause the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers to shrink.
  • Such treatment step may include exposing the pile fabric to heated air, a heated surface (e.g. a calendar roll), heated water (e.g. heated liquid bath or heated steam), or an infrared heat source.
  • the treatment step includes advancing the pile fabric through a machine that exposes the pile fabric to thermal energy for a period of time that is sufficient to induce shrinkage in the non-heat set yarns.
  • the thermal energy is sufficient to expose the pile fabric to a temperature that is greater than or equal to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the surface temperature of the pile fabric during the thermal treatment step 260 may approach or exceed the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the glass transition temperature (Tg) is between about 67 to 81 degrees Celsius.
  • the glass transition temperature (Tg) is between about 60 to 65 degrees Celsius. Accordingly, the desired surface temperature of the pile fabric should fall within or exceed somewhat the stated ranges for each of the fibers mentioned above.
  • the dyeing and finishing phases may include a de-sizing step, a bleaching step, a dyeing step, and/or a washing step.
  • the bleaching phase may include the thermal treatment that is sufficient to cause shrinkage of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers in the second set of piles as described above.
  • washing may include exposing the fabrics to elevated temperatures that are needed to bleach the fabric but could also induce shrinkage in the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers.
  • the dyeing phase may include a thermal treatment that is sufficient to cause shrinkage of blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers in the second set of piles, as described above.
  • the dying phase may include applying reactive dyes to natural fiber yarns, at elevated temperatures sufficient to cause yarn shrinkage.
  • Either batch, semi-continuous, or continuous dyeing system can be used to apply reactive dyes the pile fabric.
  • Other dyes can be used depending on the particular fiber blend.
  • the washing step can include a thermal treatment that is sufficient to cause shrinkage of blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers in the second set of piles.
  • the dyeing and finishing phase could also include printing as needed.
  • the finishing phase of step 250 is when various functional finishes or agents are added to the pile fabric to improve or augment performance characteristics of the terry article.
  • the pile fabric can be treated with a hydrophilic agent, such as silicones.
  • the finishing step includes application of one or more softeners to the fabric, such as cationic softeners, non-ionic softeners, and silicones.
  • the finishing step includes application of an antimicrobial agent to the pile fabric.
  • the finishing step could also include the thermal treatment that causes shrinkage of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers in the second set of piles.
  • the drying step is used to remove moisture from the pile fabric.
  • the drying step also includes a thermal treatment step that can cause shrinkage of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers that may cause the second set of piles to shrink.
  • a treatment step that dries the fabric may also cause the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers to shrink, as explained above.
  • dyes and functional finishes can be applied to the fabric in any particular order.
  • the functional agents can be applied along with the application of the dyes, before application of the dyes, or after application on the dyes.
  • dyeing, finishing, and drying phases of step 250 may be in-line and considering a continuous process step.
  • the pile fabric can be dried and then a subsequent process phase is used, where the thermal treatment step is applied the pile fabric to cause the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers to shrink.
  • the pile fabric can be exposed to the desired thermal energy levels for a period of time that is sufficient to induce shrinkage.
  • the exposure time is dependent on the dwell time of pile fabric within a heating machine, which is related to the machine speed and length of the heating zones within the heating machine.
  • the pile fabric is advanced through the heating machine at a rate that ranges between 2.0 meters/min up to about 30 meters/min, which varies based on number heating zones.
  • the pile fabric may be processed for periods sufficient to induce shrinkage.
  • the thermal treatment step can be part of one or more of the different steps that comprise the dyeing and finishing phase, the drying phase, or in a separate thermal step.
  • the thermal treatments include hot water (as part of dyeing finishing phases discussed above), convection, heated steam, infrared, hot air, surface rolls, hot oil can, through-air ovens and the like. Regardless of when the treatment step is performed, shrinkage of the blended cotton and thermoplastic staple fibers decreases a pile height of the second plurality of piles relative to the pile height of the first plurality of piles.
  • the treatment step can be a process step other than thermal treatment.
  • chemical treatments may be used to induce yarn shrinkage.
  • plasma treatments or other types of treatment can be used to induce yarn shrinkage.
  • the method includes a cutting step 270 where the pile fabric is cut to size of one or more terry articles, such as bath towel, a hand towel, and a washcloth. Following cutting 270, additional edge binding or hems can be applied to finish the cut edges. After the cutting step, a packing step 280 places the finished terry articles in suitable packaging for shipment.
  • a cutting step 270 where the pile fabric is cut to size of one or more terry articles, such as bath towel, a hand towel, and a washcloth.
  • additional edge binding or hems can be applied to finish the cut edges.
  • a packing step 280 places the finished terry articles in suitable packaging for shipment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120138637A (ko) * 2011-06-15 2012-12-26 트리콜 재팬 가부시키가이샤 파일직물
US8833075B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2014-09-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system adjusting an exhaust heat recovery valve
EP3141643A2 (de) * 2015-09-10 2017-03-15 Welspun India Limited Polfadenartikel mit synthetischen garnen und verfahren zur herstellung davon
US20190194841A1 (en) * 2017-12-21 2019-06-27 Sysco Guest Supply, Llc Terry Products Comprising Plied Yarns and Associated Methods for Manufacture

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8833075B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2014-09-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system adjusting an exhaust heat recovery valve
KR20120138637A (ko) * 2011-06-15 2012-12-26 트리콜 재팬 가부시키가이샤 파일직물
EP3141643A2 (de) * 2015-09-10 2017-03-15 Welspun India Limited Polfadenartikel mit synthetischen garnen und verfahren zur herstellung davon
US20190194841A1 (en) * 2017-12-21 2019-06-27 Sysco Guest Supply, Llc Terry Products Comprising Plied Yarns and Associated Methods for Manufacture

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