EP3982044B1 - Procédé pour maintenir ensemble des barreaux de grille adjacents, ainsi qu'un ensemble de barreaux de grille - Google Patents

Procédé pour maintenir ensemble des barreaux de grille adjacents, ainsi qu'un ensemble de barreaux de grille Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3982044B1
EP3982044B1 EP21196524.9A EP21196524A EP3982044B1 EP 3982044 B1 EP3982044 B1 EP 3982044B1 EP 21196524 A EP21196524 A EP 21196524A EP 3982044 B1 EP3982044 B1 EP 3982044B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
holder
grate bars
plate
bars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21196524.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3982044A1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Ulrich Martin
Helmut Pupp
Axel Hanenkamp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102020006801.4A external-priority patent/DE102020006801A1/de
Application filed by Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik filed Critical Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Publication of EP3982044A1 publication Critical patent/EP3982044A1/fr
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Publication of EP3982044B1 publication Critical patent/EP3982044B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/08—Bearers; Frames; Spacers; Supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/17002—Detachable or removable worn-out parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for holding together grate bars lying next to one another, which have an upper side designed as a grate, in which the grate bars are pressed together with a holder, the holder being operated through a recess on the upper side of the grate bars and the recess being covered with a cover.
  • the invention relates to a grate bar arrangement with a grate bar with an upper side designed as a grate and a holder for holding together grate bars lying next to one another.
  • Grate bars are used for combustion plants, particularly waste incineration plants, and a large number of grate bars form the grate covering on which the fuel is burned.
  • This covering is usually a surface with openings. The openings serve to supply the air required for combustion ("primary air”).
  • the movements required to circulate the fuel (“stirring”) take place automatically in larger grate combustion plants by moving the grate.
  • the invention relates to a step grate/grate grate.
  • Grates of this type look similar to a flat staircase with a gradient of generally between 0 and 30°, such as 24 or 26°.
  • the fuel is moved over the grate by the grate steps moving and thus transporting the fuel.
  • the step grate is also called a push-pull grate or a push-pull grate (in both cases, however, the fuel moves forward).
  • Stair grates are used for coarse and ash-rich fuels that require improved stoking, such as domestic and commercial waste, biomass, waste wood, processed garbage or, less commonly, brown coal.
  • Staircase grates have a large number of grate bars that can be firmly connected to one another or can be moved relative to one another in order to move the fuel on the grate.
  • Such grate bars usually have openings for air supply.
  • recesses are provided in the side wall of the grate bar or openings on the top and/or front of the grate bar, which allow air conveyed to the underside of the grate bar to be conveyed between the grate bars or through the grate bars to the combustion bed.
  • a typical grate bar is from the FR 2 622 278 A1
  • a similar rust bar is shown in the DE 198 60 552 A1 and a grate bar disclosing the features of the preambles of the independent claims, the US 4 776 287 A .
  • the invention relates in particular to grate bar arrangements in which several grate bars are arranged next to one another. Grate bars lying next to one another form individual grate steps, which together form the grate covering. A grate step can be arranged slightly offset from another grate step. Grate bars lying next to one another in the transverse direction can be arranged so that they are relatively movable or firmly connected to one another.
  • the grate bars can be connected to each other using brackets. These are usually screw connections that press grate bars lying next to each other together.
  • This connection is designed to be detachable so that individual grate bars that have been damaged during operation can be replaced without having to replace the entire grate stage.
  • structures are provided on the underside of the grate bars, i.e. opposite the combustion chamber and the fuel, which make it possible to attach grate bars lying next to each other to one another using a bracket.
  • the brackets are arranged below the grate bars to protect against harmful temperature and corrosion influences from the combustion of the fuel on the grate surface.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of further developing a generic method and proposing a grate bar arrangement which makes it easier to hold grate bars lying next to one another together.
  • the grate bar arrangement should also make it easier to replace defective grate bars.
  • the holder it is proposed to operate the holder through a recess on the top of the grate bars. This makes it possible to continue to arrange the holder below the top of the grate bars. However, operation is made easier by the fact that the staff can stand on the top of the grate in the combustion chamber while operating the holder, for example to loosen a screw connection or pull off a clamp.
  • grate bars can only be repaired or replaced when the entire combustion plant is at a standstill and has cooled down, the holder no longer has to be operated under the grate, where a funnel and other fittings for moving the grate usually make it difficult to operate the holder.
  • brackets When operating the bracket, positive or non-positive brackets can be used. It is advantageous if the grate bars are screwed together from the top. A screw or threaded rod running across the grate bars lying next to each other is screwed to at least one nut to hold the grate bars lying next to each other together.
  • the size of the recess be chosen so that one wrench can be placed on the screw head and another on the nut and tightened. Similarly, with a threaded rod, wrenches are placed on two lock nuts.
  • the recess is covered with a plate.
  • This plate can be part of the holder or can be mounted as a single part above the bracket to cover the recess so that the top of the grate is as flat as possible.
  • the plate be anchored in the recess with a positive fit. This makes it possible to remove the plate from the anchorage by moving the plate in order to gain access to a bracket underneath.
  • the plate be secured with a wedge. This wedge can, for example, be inserted into a recess with a positive fit, which on the one hand creates a flat surface of the grate covering and on the other hand prevents the plate from moving.
  • the cover plate or the wedge be welded to the grate bar or the plate to the wedge. Since the cover of the recesses and in particular the plate are preferably made of steel, while the grate bars are usually made of cast steel, welding between the plate and the grate bar is often not possible.
  • the positive connection of the plate to the grate bars in conjunction with welding between the plate and the wedge makes it possible to firmly connect the plate to the grate bars without having to weld the plate to the grate bars.
  • the object underlying the invention is achieved in that the top of the grate bar has a recess and the grate bar arrangement has a cover, wherein the recess is covered with a plate and the plate covers the recess in such a way that the top of the grate is as flat as possible.
  • the cover enables easy operation of the holder, while the cover enables a flat top of the grate.
  • a first embodiment provides that the bracket has a screw connection. Cumulatively or alternatively, the bracket can have a clamp.
  • the bracket or an element of the bracket has a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than the grate bars.
  • the thermal expansion of metals and alloys is given as linear expansion, which is proportional to a linear expansion number that indicates the extension of the unit length for 1 ° increase in temperature between 0 and 100 °C.
  • the linear expansion coefficient for Ni steel, 36Ni, Invar is 1.0 and for cadmium it is 30.
  • the literature gives a linear expansion coefficient of 10.5 for cast iron, for low-alloy steels the linear expansion coefficient is 11.5 and for Ni steel, 30Ni it is 12. However, for Ni steel, 20Ni the linear expansion coefficient is already 19.5. This means that a screw connection or a clamp can expand more in the grate area when heated to 500 ° C, for example, than the grate bar made of cast steel. This can in turn lead to firmly screwed grate bars no longer being firmly screwed during operation of the combustion system because the screw has stretched too much.
  • the bracket can still be relatively loose when cold, since the greater expansion of the grate bars means that the bracket becomes firm during operation and holds the grate bars together more and more tightly as the temperature increases.
  • the grate bars can then be connected to a form-fitting bracket that exerts a strong holding force on the grate bars when the grate bars expand in order to hold the grate bars together.
  • the bracket has a connecting element and a clamping element, whereby the connecting element and clamping element have different thermal expansion coefficients.
  • Elements with an expansion coefficient that is greater than that of the bracket can also be arranged between the bracket and the grate bars.
  • a washer with a high expansion coefficient can be used that is placed on the screw shaft. Since the steel of the screw connection elongates more than the cast steel of the grate bars, the washer can compensate for this expansion.
  • the cover has an undercut to engage laterally under a top of a grate bar. This allows for a simple, positive connection.
  • the cover may also have a wedge to secure a plate-shaped cover in the inserted position.
  • the cover can be arranged as a single part above the bracket.
  • a special design variant provides that the cover is connected to the bracket or part of the bracket. The bracket or part of the bracket thus simultaneously forms the cover.
  • brackets can be provided between two grate bars to ensure that the grate bars are held close together over their entire length. However, it is advantageous if only one bracket is provided to hold grate bars lying next to each other together.
  • the head 1 of a grate bar 2 shown has an upper side 3 which is essentially flat and has a raised portion 5 towards the front end 4. Between this raised portion 5 and the flat area 6 of the surface, a recess 7, 8 is provided on both sides of the grate bar 2, into which a holder 9 can be inserted.
  • the Figure 2 now shows two grate bars 2 and 12 lying next to each other with a bracket 9 in between, which holds the grate bars 2 and 12 together via a screw connection 10.
  • a screw connection 10 serving as a bracket 9
  • the recesses 8 and 13 are covered with a cover 15, which has a plate 16 and a wedge 17 with which the plate 16 is secured.
  • the grate bars 2, 12 each have recesses 7, 8 and 13, 14 on both long sides 19, 20.
  • the screw connection 10 shown consists of a screw 21 with screw head 22 and nut 23.
  • the plate 16 of the cover 15 has undercuts 27 and 25, which allow the plate 16 to be inserted into the recess 7, 8 and held by the undercuts 24 and 25.
  • the plate 16 is prevented from falling out of the recess 7, 8 by an inserted wedge 17, which was welded to the plate 16 after it was inserted.
  • FIG. 4 a clamp 30 is shown to hold two grate bars 2 and 12 together.
  • This clamp 30 is made of a material with a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than the grate bars 2, 12, which are made of cast steel.
  • the clamp 30 can therefore simply be slipped over the webs 31, 32 that are adjacent to one another at the sides.
  • the grate bar arrangement is in use, the grate bars expand due to the high heat and the clamp, which expands only a little, holds the grate bars in place.
  • the clamp 40 shown which also holds two side parts 31 and 32 of grate bars 2 and 12 together, the clamp is made of steel, which expands more than the grate bars. However, this is compensated for by insert plates 43, 44, which have a particularly high thermal expansion and thus press the webs 41 and 42 together.
  • the Figure 6 shows a bolt connection in which a bolt 50 is inserted between two grate bars 2 and 12 to hold the grate bars 2 and 12 together. Washers 53 and 54 are arranged between the bolt 50 and the webs 51 and 52 of the grate bars 2 and 12, which compensate for the different thermal expansion coefficients between the grate bars 2 and 12 and the bolt 50 so that an elongation of the bolt 50 does not lead to a loosening of the connection between the grate bars 2 and 12.
  • brackets 30 and 40 serving as holder 9 and the bolt 50 can have disks 43, 44 or washers 53, 54 as elements in order to compensate for the different thermal expansion coefficients.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient can also be determined by the selection of materials and adjusted so that the grate bars are held securely together even in the event of strong temperature fluctuations.
  • assembly is carried out by placing the grate bars on the grate.
  • the grate carriage is usually in the middle position.
  • the screw connection inserted into the opening between two grate bars is tightened.
  • the locking plate 16 is then inserted and pushed to the side.
  • the wedge 17 is inserted for locking and welded to the plate.
  • the weld seam is first opened and then the wedge is levered out.
  • the plate can then be removed so that the screw connection can finally be loosened and removed.
  • This method has the advantage that the entire covering can be screwed on from above, regardless of the position of the grate carriages. Climbing into the grate hoppers is no longer necessary. It is also no longer necessary to move the carriages during assembly. Although welding the wedges 17 to the plates 16 means an additional assembly step, the overall assembly time is significantly reduced compared to previously known methods.

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé, destiné à maintenir ensemble des barreaux de grille (2, 12) juxtaposés, qui comportent une face supérieure (3) conçue sous la forme d'un placage de grille (18), lors duquel l'on presse les uns contre les autres les barreaux de grille (2, 12) avec une fixation (9), la fixation (9) étant manipulée à travers un évidement (7, 8, 13, 14) sur la face supérieure (3) des barreaux de grille (2, 12) et l'évidement (7, 8, 13, 14) étant recouvert d'un couvercle (15), le couvercle (15) comportant une plaque (16), caractérisé en ce que la plaque (16) recouvre l'évidement (7, 8, 13, 14), de sorte à donner naissance à une face supérieure de la grille la plus plane possible.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on boulonne les barreaux de grille (2, 12) à partir de la face supérieure (3).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que sur les deux côtés longitudinaux (19, 20) d'un barreau de grille (2, 12), l'on prévoit des évidements (7, 8, 13, 14) à travers lesquels l'on peut insérer et serrer les boulonnages (10) par le haut.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la dimension de l'évidement (7, 8, 13, 14) est sélectionnée de telle sorte qu'une clé à molette puisse être appliquée et serrée sur la tête de vis (22) et une autre sur l'écrou (23).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque (16) est une partie de la fixation (9) ou est placée en tant que partie individuelle au-dessus de la fixation.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (15) comporte la plaque (16) et une cale (17) à l'aide de laquelle la plaque (16) est sécurisée.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on soude la plaque (16) avec la cale (17).
  8. Ensemble de barreaux de grille pourvu d'un barreau de grille (2, 12) doté d'une face supérieure (3) conçue en tant que placage de grille (18) et d'une fixation (9), pour maintenir ensemble des barreaux de grille (2, 12) juxtaposés, la face supérieure (3) du barreau de grille (2, 12) comportant un évidement (7, 8, 13, 14) et l'ensemble de barreaux de grille comportant un couvercle (15), le couvercle (15) comportant une plaque (16), caractérisé en ce que la plaque (16) recouvre l'évidement (7, 8, 13, 14), de sorte à donner naissance à une face supérieure la plus plane possible de la grille.
  9. Ensemble de barreaux de grille selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la fixation (9) comporte un boulonnage (10).
  10. Ensemble de barreaux de grille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que la fixation (9) comporte une agrafe (30, 40).
  11. Ensemble de barreaux de grille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la fixation (9) ou un élément (43, 44, 53, 54) de la fixation (9) fait preuve d'un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur à celui des barreaux de grille (2, 12).
  12. Ensemble de barreaux de grille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la fixation (9) comporte un élément de liaison (56) et un élément de serrage (57, 58), l'élément de liaison (56) et l'élément de serrage (57, 58) faisant preuve de différents coefficients de dilatation thermique.
  13. Ensemble de barreaux de grille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu 'entre la fixation (9) et les barreaux de grille (2, 12) sont placés des éléments (43, 44, 53, 54) faisant preuve d'un coefficient de dilatation thermique qui est supérieur à celui de la fixation (9).
  14. Ensemble de barreaux de grille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (15) comporte une contre-dépouille (24, 25), pour s'engager latéralement sous une face supérieure (3) d'une barre de grille (2, 12).
  15. Ensemble de barreaux de grille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle est relié avec la fixation (9) ou avec une partie de la fixation (9).
  16. Ensemble de barreaux de grille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu 'entre deux barreaux de grille (2, 12) n'est placée qu'une fixation (9), pour maintenir ensemble des barreaux de grille (2, 12) juxtaposés.
EP21196524.9A 2020-10-08 2021-09-14 Procédé pour maintenir ensemble des barreaux de grille adjacents, ainsi qu'un ensemble de barreaux de grille Active EP3982044B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020006197 2020-10-08
DE102020006801.4A DE102020006801A1 (de) 2020-10-08 2020-11-05 Verfahren zum Zusammenhalten von nebeneinander liegenden Roststäben sowie eine Roststabanordnung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3982044A1 EP3982044A1 (fr) 2022-04-13
EP3982044B1 true EP3982044B1 (fr) 2024-04-24

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EP21196524.9A Active EP3982044B1 (fr) 2020-10-08 2021-09-14 Procédé pour maintenir ensemble des barreaux de grille adjacents, ainsi qu'un ensemble de barreaux de grille

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Country Link
US (1) US11802691B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3982044B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2022062697A (fr)
CN (1) CN114294662A (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110686263B (zh) * 2019-10-09 2023-12-22 科能亚太铸造（武汉）有限公司 一种焚烧装置用炉条

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19860552A1 (de) * 1998-12-22 2000-07-06 Mannesmann Ag Kühlbarer Verbrennungsrost

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US503169A (en) * 1893-08-15 Grate
DE3049086C2 (de) 1980-12-24 1983-07-14 Widmer & Ernst AG, 5430 Wettingen Roststabreihe für Feuerungsroste von Verbrennungsöfen
US4471704A (en) * 1982-06-21 1984-09-18 Clear Air, Inc. Reciprocating grate systems for furnaces and incinerators
DE3330636C1 (de) * 1983-08-24 1985-01-10 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik, 8000 München Rostbelag fuer mechanisch bewegte stufenfoermige Feuerungsroste von Grossfeuerungen
FR2622278B1 (fr) * 1986-05-22 1991-07-12 Mediterranee Const Navales Ind Dispositif de liaison de barreaux d'une grille a mouvement de recul d'un foyer de combustion
FR2609530B1 (fr) * 1987-01-09 1991-01-11 Traitement Indl Residus Urbain Grille de foyer, avec des barreaux transversaux en elements solidarises par leurs faces frontales
ATE165433T1 (de) * 1993-10-21 1998-05-15 Asea Brown Boveri Rost für eine feuerungsanlage
DE102004040048A1 (de) * 2004-08-18 2006-02-23 Ikn Gmbh Rostplattenanordnung für Stufenroste
ES2636748T3 (es) * 2015-01-26 2017-10-09 Alite Gmbh Barra de rejilla de material compuesto de metal-cerámica para rejilla del incinerador de residuos
DE102017100408B4 (de) * 2017-01-11 2018-10-31 Richard Kablitz GmbH Rost für Feuerungsanlagen
DE102020003114A1 (de) * 2020-05-25 2021-11-25 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Roststab, Roststabanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Roststabanordnung

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19860552A1 (de) * 1998-12-22 2000-07-06 Mannesmann Ag Kühlbarer Verbrennungsrost

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CN114294662A (zh) 2022-04-08
JP2022062697A (ja) 2022-04-20
US20220113025A1 (en) 2022-04-14
EP3982044A1 (fr) 2022-04-13
US11802691B2 (en) 2023-10-31

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