Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
  • H04W24/06—Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
  • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
  • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
  • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
  • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
  • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

• the invention relates to an active test system for a mobile IoT network. Further, the invention relates to a test method using such a test system.
• Test systems for mobile networks are known e.g. from US 10,097,981 Bl, from US 7,831,249 B2 and from WO 2004/049746 Al.
• US 9,768,893 Bl discloses a method and a device for isolating an over-the- air segment within a mobile communications network.
• DE 10 2005 027 027 B4 discloses a method and a test system to authentify a mobile test device in a mobile communications network.
• the test system is capable of performing test of a mobile IoT (Internet of Things) network providing connectivity and ren dering services to mobile IoT (MIoT) devices.
• Such test is an active test i.e. requires at least one component to actively initiate a respective test method.
• the central test unit or a part of it may be such component for actively initiating the test method.
• the mobile IoT network to be tested is considered as a subtype of the in stalled 4G networks enhanced with LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) tech nologies for device power saving, enhanced coverage and transmitting a small amount of data, tolerant latency.
• LPWA Low Power Wide Area
• the LPWA technology installed can be LTE-M and/or NB-IoT.
• the LPWA mobile device connected to the MIoT networks can be a smart me ter, a home automation device, a building automation device, part of a smart grid, a part of industrial production line or a pipeline management, a part of automotive, a part of a transportation device or logistics, a drone, a part of a home security device, part of a patient monitoring device, part of an agriculture device serving e.g. irrigation or shadowing, part of a street lighting device, part of a tracking device, part of an industrial asset man- agement device, part of a retail/point of sale device or part of a wearable device, e.g. part of a wristwatch or part of a smartphone.
• voice ser vice via LTE-M can be tested.
• the mobile IoT network may be connected via an Application Server to an MIoT application platform and/or an IoT application platform.
• the test system can be adapted and install one or more test probes according to the IoT network architecture and the scalability.
• the test probes can be placed at different locations (test fields) within a single IoT network or across multiple inter connected networks.
• data communication embodied by a SIM of the mobile IoT device can be simulated and/or emulated either over the LTE-Uu radio interface or the S I core network interface.
• the SIM multiplexer may transfer the SIM data virtually and/or securely to the at least one test probe.
• the SIM multiplexer can be embodied as a support to carry multiple SIMs, e.g. up to 3 SIMs or more.
• the test system can be configured to run a mobile IoT test procedure de ploying end-to-end active test methodology between the at least one test probe and the MIoT network under test.
• the test system can be configured to control the test probe(s) via a specific active test platform including a central test unit. Furthermore, via the central test unit, the test system can automatically run IoT test procedures, can collect test results and can pro prise test reports and dashboards.
• End-to-end testing means that connectivity between an MIoT device and an MIoT application server and services provided by an MIoT application to an MIoT device are tested by using a data transfer to and from the MIoT device, in particular to and from the at least one test probe representing and simulating the MIoT device.
• the data transfer tests can be performed with different sizes of
• test system can be designed for testing a capability of MIoT networks in deployment of power saving mode (PSM) and/or extended dis continuous reception (eDRX) for MIoT applications.
• test sys tem can be designed for testing IoT application servers in an IoT applica tion platform.
• the test system can be designed to configure and initiate at least one test probe to trigger and initiate at least one of the groups of a power saving mode (PSM) or extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) mode in the serving MIoT network under test.
• PSM power saving mode
• eDRX extended discontinuous reception
• the test system may be designed for ne gotiation of the power saving mode and eDRX mode, in particular in com bination with the configuration and initiation of the test probe to evolved packet system (EPS) attach in the serving MIoT network under test.
• EPS evolved packet system
• the test system can be designed to configure and initiate at least one test probe to access and enquire an IoT application server by using a variety of protocols including but not limited to oneM2M, Hypercat, constrained ap plication protocol (CoAP), message queuing telemetry transport
• protocols including but not limited to oneM2M, Hypercat, constrained ap plication protocol (CoAP), message queuing telemetry transport
• MQTT/MQTT-SN real time streaming protocol
• RTSP real time streaming protocol
• JSON JavaScript object notation
• XML exten sible mark-up language
• references with respect to the oneM2M protocol can be accessed via www.onem2m.org.
• Information regarding the protocol Hypercat can be found in John Davies, Hypercat: resource discovery on the internet of things (January 12, 2016): IEEE Internet of Things, March 2, 2017. availa ble via http://iot.ieee.org ⁇
• Information regarding the protocol CoAP can be found via the standard RFC7252 which is available via
• JSON can be found via the standards RFC8259 and ECMA-404.
• Information about RTSP can be found via the standard RFC2326.
• a signal and data exchange according to claim 2 enables a test of the most common signal message and data types with the test system.
• a message structure according to claim 5 is suitable for IoT application platform testing.
• protocols and/or interfaces which are applicble to communicate with such a test system are oneM2M, Hypercat, CoAP, RTSP, JSON, XML.
• test method has the advantages described above with respect to the test system according to the invention.
• the test method in particular is an end-to-end test method.
• the test method in particular includes testing an IoT application platform, in particular servers of such platform.
• the IoT ser vice availability of the network can be tested.
• the test steps may be period ically repeated during the test method.
• the test results recorded may be aggregated and may further be statistically evaluated.
• a mobile IoT connectivity can be per formed.
• the repeating step may be periodically repeated and the test results may be aggregated for further statistical evaluation.
• an IoT network accessibility for the pinging test probe and/or a round-trip time of the ping/echo can be evaluated.
• a power saving function of the respective mobile IoT device can be tested.
• the repeating step may be periodically repeated, and the test results may be aggregated for further statistical evaluation.
• mobile-terminated data transfer in combination with a power saving function to be managed by the IoT serving network under test may be tested by sending downlink data to wards the test probe during T3324 active timer running, verifying that the test probe receives the complete downlink data packets, monitoring and recording all test events and repeating the above-mentioned test according to a given schedule.
• the repeating step may be periodically re- peated, and the test results may be aggregated for further statistical evalua tion.
• mobile-terminated SMS in combination with power saving function to be managed by the IoT serving network un der test can be tested by sending an SMS to the test probe during T3324 active timer running, verifying that the test probe receives the SMS, moni toring and recording all test events and repeating the above-mentioned test according to a given test schedule.
• the repeating step may be periodically repeated, and the test results may be aggregated for further statistical evaluation.
• eDRX functionality can be tested and, in the consequence, the capability of further power saving functions can be evaluated.
• the repeating step may be periodically re peated, and the test results may be aggregated for further statistical evalua tion.
• mobile-terminated data transfer in combination with eDRx function to be managed by the IoT serving network under test can be tested by sending downlink data towards the test probe within the paging time window (PTW), verifying that the test probe receives the com plete downlink data packets, monitoring and recording all test events and repeating the above-mentioned test according to a given test schedule.
• PGW paging time window
• the repeating step may be periodically repeated, and the test results may be aggregated for further statistical evaluation.
• mobile-terminated SMS in combina tion with eDRX function to be managed by the IoT serving network under test may be tested by sending an SMS to the test probe within the paging time window (PTW), verifying that the test probe receives the SMS, moni toring and recording all test events and repeating the above-mentioned test according to a given test schedule.
• PGW paging time window
• the repeating step may be periodically repeated, and the test results may be aggregated for further statistical evaluation.
• a connect retainability and unso licited network-initiated detach request may be tested.
• Data and SMS data delivery can be tested after and during power saving mode.
• Figure 1 main components of an active test system for a mobile
• IoT Internet of Things
• radio in terface IoT (Internet of Things) network including at least one test probe connected to the IoT network via a radio in terface
• Figure 2 in a depiction similar to figure 1, a further embodiment of a test system for a mobile IoT network including a test probe connected to the IoT network via an S 1 in terface;
• Figure 3 in a depiction similar to figure 1, an embodiment of the test system configured to test an IoT serving network on test connection paths across roaming interfaces;
• Figure 4 main components of an embodiment of the test system including two test probes configured to communicate with an IoT application platform of an IoT service via MQTT/MQTT-SN messages.
• Figure 1 shows main components of an active test system 1 for a mobile IoT (Internet of Things) network 2 which is represented by a variety of communication lines shown in figure 1.
• a communication line can be ei ther a pure signaling path, a signaling path embedding IoT data, or an IoT data transport path.
• the mobile IoT (MIoT) network 2 provides connectivi- ty and services to mobile IoT devices of low power wide area (LPWA) technologies.
• LPWA low power wide area
• a used LPWA frequency bandwidth regularly is on a li censed spectrum.
• the LPWA technology installed may be LTE-M, and/or NB-IoT.
• Mobile IoT networks to be tested via the test system 1 may also install EC- GSM-IoT (Extended Coverage GSM IoT).
• the other communication tech nologies may also be used for additional network access for machine-to- machine communications, such as Bluetooth Mesh Networking, Light- Fidelity (Li-Fi), Near-Field Communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Z- Wave as examples for a wireless communication with short-range, LTE- Advanced or LTE-Standard as examples for medium-range wireless, Lo- RaWan, Sigfox, or Weightless, or Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) as examples for long-range wireless communication and Ethernet or Pow er-Line Communication as examples for a wired communication.
• Li-Fi Light- Fidelity
• NFC Near-Field Communication
• Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
• ZigBee or Z- Wave as examples for a wireless communication with short-range
• LTE- Advanced or LTE-Standard as examples
• the test system 1 of figure 1 includes one or multiple test probes 3 which are components of a local unit 4 of the test system 1.
• Figure 1 shows sever al examples of such local units 4.
• the local unit 4 may include 1 to 4 or even more, e.g. up to 15 or more test probes 3.
• the test probes 3 are con nected to the IoT network 2 via a radio interface 5.
• Respective interfaces 5 together with LTE RAN (Radio Access Network) are schematically shown in figure 1 and may be embodied by a plurality of antenna sites.
• a central test unit 5a is connected to the test probes 3 via an internet net work 7, 8.
• Such connection may be a permanent secure IP connection, e.g. via a VPN server and an LTE/GPRS/EDGE/HSPA modem or may be a quasi-permanent IP connection which is established via a VPN server when required during testing.
• the network 7 which may be a wireless backhaul network or a fixed IP network, includes the internet 8 and further includes components of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) of a 3 GPP LTE communication standard.
• EPC Evolved Packet Core
• the components of the network 7 are also components of the IoT network 2, but this is not mandatory, some of the components of the network 7 may be independent from the IoT net work 2.
• test clients 5b which also are connected to the network 7, 8 of the test system 1.
• FIG. 1 Shown in figure 1 are two main test communication paths between the test probes 3 and an Application Server (AS) 6 acting as IoT platform.
• a first, NB-IoT test communication path 9 runs from the attributed local radio in terface 5 via a Mobile Management Entity (MME), further there are two split alternatives, either via a Serving Gateway (S-GW) and a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) and the network 7 to the AS / IoT platform 6 (so-called direct mode), or via the test path 11, and SCEF (service Capabil ity Exposure Function), Services Capability Server (SCS) and the network 7 to the AS / IoT platform 6 (so-called indirect mode).
• MME Mobile Management Entity
• S-GW Serving Gateway
• P-GW Packet Data Network Gateway
• SCEF service Capabil ity Exposure Function
• SCS Services Capability Server
• a further LTE-M test communication path 10 runs directly from a local radio interface 5 to the S-GW, i.e. does not run via the MME, further via a Serving Gateway (S-GW) and a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) and the network 7 to the AS / IoT platform 6.
• S-GW Serving Gateway
• P-GW Packet Data Network Gateway
• SIM multiplexer 12 dispatches virtually the SIM data to the individual test probes in a fully secure and trusted way.
• the SIM multiplexer which is part of the test system 1 is known from DE 10 2005 027 027 B4.
• the local unit 4 and the local unit 16 are equipped with a SIM multiplexer support.
• the local unit 4 may include a support to carry multiple SIMs, e.g. up to 3 SIMs or more.
• the local unit 4 is placed in a designated test field and connected to the test system.
• a plurality of test probes 3 is arranged at different and in particular widespread locations covering a large national or international area.
• the at least one test probe 3 is configured to be placed either in a home IoT network under test for national IoT services test, or in a visiting IoT network under test for international IoT roaming services test.
• the test system 1 is configured to run mobile IoT test procedures deploy ing end-to-end active test methodology between the at least one test probe 3 and the IoT network 2 under test.
• test system 1 is configured to control the at least one test probe 3, is configured to automatically run the IoT test procedures, is configured to collect the test results and further is configured to produce test reports and/or dashboards.
• the test system 1 is configured to exchange signaling messages, is config ured to transport IP data and/or non-IP data and/or SMS to and from the IoT network 2 under test.
• the test communication paths via the internet network 8 between the test probes 3 and the IoT platform 6 include a MQTT/MQTT-SN client/server structure where the test probes 3 are the MQTT clients and the IoT plat form 6 is the server/MQTT broker.
• the IoT application data stored in the IoT platform can be retrieved, evaluated and verified via the messaging protocol MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport).
• SCS Services Capability Server
• AS Application Server
• the availability and quality of the serving IoT network 2 under test can be test ed.
• the timing of the re spective test events can be monitored and recorded in the test central unit 5a.
• the test methods explained are controlled by the test central unit 5a unless otherwise indicated.
• test method includes the following steps:
• the respective test probe 3 is configured via the test client 5b and initiated to an evolved packet system (EPS) attach in the serving IoT network 2 un der test. After the initiation of the EPS attach, the completion of the attach procedure, the received messages from the IoT network under test by the test probe 3 are verified by the test central unit 5a.
• EPS evolved packet system
• test events during the configuration, initiating and verifying steps are monitored and recorded. These test steps are repeated according to a given test schedule. In particular, such repeating may be a periodically repeating of test steps. Further, such multiple test results are aggregated and are for warded to a statistical evaluation and the test result is presented via the test client 5b to a human tester.
• the test probe is initiated to ping a server in stalled in the serving IoT network 2 under test or an IoT network compo nent, e.g. P-GW.
• The“ping” is done by using the respective IP software utility.
• a power saving function to be managed by the IoT serving network 2 under test can be tested.
• Such power saving function test includes the enabling of a power saving mode (PSM) at the respective test probe 3, hereby setting values of the T3324 active timer and the T3412 timer extended at the test probe 3 of the local unit 4.
• PSM power saving mode
• an EPS attach of the test probe 3 in the serving IoT network 2 is initiated and the comple tion of the attach procedure is verified.
• TAU Tracking Area Update
• the respective test probe 3 can wake up from a power saving status to a communication status.
• wake up for instance may occur every week once for 2 minutes.
• the EPS at tach procedure, such wake up duty cycle is negotiated.
• the wake up function and in particular the status changes between the power saving status and the communication status are tested. Again, all test events during this test method are monitored and recorded and the above-mentioned test is repeated according to a given test sched ule.
• an SMS is sent to the test probe 3 during T3324 active timer running.
• an eDRX (Extended Discontinuous Reception) function to be managed by the IoT serving network 2 under test is tested.
• eDRX is enabled, hereby setting values of the eDRX cycle length and of the paging time window (PTW) at the respective test probe 3 of the local unit 4.
• PTW paging time window
• an EPS attach of the test probe 3 in the serv ing IoT network 2 under test is initiated. A completion of such attach pro cedure is verified. Further, it is verified whether the eDRX cycle length and the PTW value are accepted by the service IoT network 2, comparing these values with the ones requested by the respective test probe 3. All test events of this method are monitored and recorded, and the above- mentioned test method is repeated according to a given test schedule.
• test method mobile-terminated data transfer in combination with eDRX function to be managed by the IoT serving network 2 under test is tested.
• downlink data are sent towards the respective test probe 3 within PTW (Paging Time Window). It is verified whether the test probe 3 receives the complete downlink data packets. All test events of this test method are monitored and recorded, and the above-mentioned test method is repeated according to a given test schedule.
• PTW Paging Time Window
• mobile-terminated SMS in combination with eDRX function to be managed by the IoT serving network 2 under test is tested.
• an SMS is sent to the respective test probe 3 within PTW. It is verified whether the SMS is correctly delivered to the test probe. All test events during this test method are monitored and recorded. The above- mentioned test method is repeated according to a given test schedule.
• the connection retainability of the IoT network 2 is tested. Here, it is verified whether the respective test probe 3 is requested by the service IoT network 2 for detach after an EPS attach or after mobile origination (MO) or mobile termination (MT) data transfer. This Performance tion step is repeated multiple times. The multiple test results of this test method are aggregated. From this aggregation, a default EPS bearer con text cut-off ratio is calculated.
• IoT MO data transfer provided by the serving IoT network 2 under test is tested.
• a TCP (Transmission Control Proto col) transport protocol is deployed.
• a mobile originated IoT data transfer from the respective test probe 3 is initiated to an application server 6 located in a home network (HPMN). It is verified whether the IoT data is correctly received by the application server 6. This verification step is re peated multiple times and the multiple test results are aggregated, indicat ing the default EPS bearer context cut-off ratio.
• an UDP User Datagram Protocol
• NAS Non-Access Stratum
• an IoT MT (Mobile Termination) data transfer provided by the serving IoT network 2 under test is tested.
• an application server i.e. the server of the IoT platform 6 located in the home network is initiated to transmit IoT data to the respective test probe 3. It is verified whether the IoT data is completely received by the respective test probe 3. Further steps of this test method including deployment of the UDP transport protocol and deploy ment of the non-IP data delivery mechanism over NAS signaling, corre spond to those explained above with respect to the MO data transfer test method.
• an MO SMS transmission via the serving IoT net work 2 under test is tested.
• the respective test probe 3 is initiated to send an SMS to a partner test probe 3 of local unit 4 in the home network (HPMN). It than is verified whether the SMS is correctly received by the partner test probe 3.
• HPMN home network
• an MT SMS delivery via the serving IoT network 2 under test is tested.
• a partner test probe 3 in a home network (HPMN) is initiated to send a SMS to the test probe 3 in the serving IoT network 2. It is verified whether the SMS submitted by the partner test probe 3’ is correctly delivered to the respective test probe 3 in the serving IoT network 2. Again, this test is repeated multiple times and the multiple test results are aggregated.
• HPMN home network
• FIG 2 a further embodiment of a test system 15 for a mobile IoT network is described. Components and functions which corre spond to those explained above with respect to figure 1 show the same ref erence numerals and are not discussed in detail again.
• a central test unit, test clients and SIM multiplexer which also may be present in the test sys tem 15 in addition to a local unit are not shown in figure 2.
• a local unit 16 including the test probes 3 is embod ied as S 1 core unit which is connected to the IoT network 2 via an S 1 inter face 17.
• a communication line 18 via this S I interface 17 is realized as emulated eNodeB (Evolved NodeB). Details with respect to an embodi ment of an S 1 interface and the protocol can be found in 3GPP TS 36.413 V.15.5.0, Release 15, March 2019: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (E-UTRAN); S I Application Protocol (S 1AP)".
• Figure 3 shows another embodiment of a test system 20.
• Components and functions which correspond to those already explained with respect to fig ures 1 and 2 have the same reference numerals and are not discussed in detail again.
• the test system 20 provides test for connectivity and services to mobile IoT devices in roaming conditions.
• communication via lines 9, 10 and 11 is done between a home public mobile network (HPMN) and a vis iting public mobile network (VPMN) across a border 21.
• HPMN home public mobile network
• VPMN vis iting public mobile network
• IWK-SCEF interworking SCEF
• Figure 4 shows components of a further embodiment of a test system for a mobile IoT network including details with respect to testing data transfer between different test probes 3, 3’ wherein such different test probes 3, 3’ may be attributed to different, e.g. home/visiting, public mobile networks.
• Components and functions which correspond to those explained above with respect to figures 1 to 3 have the same reference numerals and are not dis cussed in detail again.
• test probe 3 is connected to the IoT platform 6 via a test communication path 22 which can include a radio interface 5 or a S I interface 17.
• the test probe 3 includes an MQTT/MQTT-SN client 23 which communicates via the communication line 22 with an
• test probe 3 communicates in figure 4 with the IoT platform 6 under test via another test communication path 25 which also may include a radio interface 5 or an S I interface 17.
• test communication path 25 which also may include a radio interface 5 or an S I interface 17.
• the fur ther test probe 3’ also includes an MQTT/MQTT-SN client 23’.
• At least one of the fol lowing further protocols and/or one of the following device specific inter faces may be used: oneM2M, Hypercat, CoAP, RTSP, JSON, XML.
• Use of a specific protocol/interface depends on the respective IoT device and/or the respective application.
• CoAP is suitable for con strained networks having low bandwidth and low power.
• the test probe 3, 3’ may be part of a moving device, i.e. may be part of a vehicle, e.g. a bike or a car.
• the test device may initiate a track ing area update each time the respective test probe 3 enters a new tracking area within the MIoT network 2. After such tracking area update, data as signed to the PSM and/or assigned to the eDRX function may be renegoti- ated and/or overridden by initiation of the test system.
• the relevant IoT data sent by test probe 3 and stored in the platform under test 6 can be retrieved by the test probes 3’.
• the retrieved data is compared with the original data sent.
• the corresponding test verdict can be assigned.
• test probes 3, 3’ may be placed in the same home network. Alterna tively and as indicated in figure 4, the test probes 3 and 3’ may be located within separated networks. For example, and as shown in figure 4, the test probe 3 may be placed in a visiting public network VPMN and the further test probe 3’ may be located in a home public mobile network HPMN.
• IoT application platform tests under IoT device roaming as explained above can be globally carried out.

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