EP3964659A1 - Modular mesh structure made of of polygonal area modules - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular spatial lattice structure, comprising a latticework of struts and nodes and/or area modules, the struts of the latticework being connected or connectable to the nodes, the area modules being connected or connectable to one another or to the struts at the edges.

Description

The present invention relates to a modular, preferably tree-like space lattice structure that includes nodes, struts and/or area modules.

Various houses and buildings are already known, the functions and constructions of which cannot be described conclusively due to the immense variety.

A tubular steel modular system is already known from the MERO ^® company, which was also used for spatial frameworks in architecture. The MERO ^® system is based on struts with an axial thread and spherical connection nodes with corresponding threaded holes, which are offset by 90° and 45° and thus also 60° to one another. These structures were previously used as load-bearing elements, particularly for ceiling and floor constructions and for exhibition stands.

Capsule hotels are also known, for example, which are constructed in a modular manner. With this design, many small, uniform lounge and sleeping capsules are integrated into any architecture, which allows for exceptional use of space.

Modular residential buildings are already known with the "Kubushaus" or the "Kubuswohnung" by the architect Piet Blom and the Habitat 67 by the architect Moshe Safdie. With the "City Motorway Superstructure on Schlangenbader Strasse" in Berlin, it has also become known to erect buildings that extend across streets.

The object of the present invention is to create a modular building that is characterized by the largest possible user areas and diverse modular design options.

The object is achieved by a modular space lattice structure that includes a latticework of struts and nodes and/or surface modules, the struts of the latticework being connected to the nodes and surface modules on the edge connected to each other or to the struts. Preferred embodiments of area modules and space lattice structures are described in the dependent claims.

The area modules can be polygonal, preferably triangular, and connected directly to one another. The polygonal surface modules can also be connected to one another via the struts of the latticework, with each surface module being connected or connectable to the latticework. In a further embodiment, the surface modules are connected both to the spatial framework and directly to one another. In a preferred embodiment, the area modules are connected to the struts via the nodes. The area modules preferably lie on the struts in a statically load-bearing manner.

In an exemplary embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, the nodes allow connections of the struts at an angle of 60°, 120° and 180° to one another. In a further preferred embodiment, the nodes include connection levels, with each connection level having exactly 6 connection interfaces which are arranged at an angle of 60°, 120° or 180° to one another. In this embodiment, a node comprises 12 connection interfaces, with each two adjacent connection interfaces being arranged at an angle of 60° to one another.

In another embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, the latticework comprises an fcc lattice. The fcc lattice is used here as just one type of node, and the fcc lattice can therefore also be viewed as a cubic close packing or ccp lattice. Here, the face-centered cubic lattice is defined by the nodes, and allows for one of the two closest packings of spheres. The lattice can be viewed as a packing of spheres whose diameter corresponds to the length of the struts, eg 30 cm.

In another embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, the latticework comprises a lattice of hexagonal closest packing, the lattice being considered as hexagonal closest packing with spheres having a diameter equal to a length of the struts. In a further additional embodiment, the latticework of the modular structure can also include combinations of fcc lattice and hexagonal closest packing of spheres. A combination of fcc lattice and hexagonal closest packing of spheres allows considerable freedom in the design of the building. This combination also allows building obstacles such as existing trees, vegetation or To consider and work around terrain features or rocks when building the modular space grid structure. A special embodiment relates to a building in which both grids are used at the same time.

In another embodiment of the modular space lattice-building, this comprises at least one surface module that is designed as a wall, floor, ceiling, roof, path or plant element. In this case, isosceles triangular surface modules are preferably designed as a wall, floor, ceiling, roof, path or plant element. On the one hand, houses with floors and ceilings and roofs, but also paths or covered paths and planting elements can be combined with lawns, playgrounds, beds, shrubs or trees.

In a further embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, this comprises tetrahedrons or tetrahedron elements, which represent volume elements in addition to the struts and surface elements. These tetrahedron volume elements can include functional units such as energy, water, waste water, storage, supply and/or treatment modules or units.

In an additional embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, this only includes area modules which have the shape of a regular hexagon. The area modules can preferably also have the shape of a trapezium, which corresponds to a regular hexagon halved. Here floors and ceilings in particular can be joined together in a honeycomb pattern using a hexagonal structure to form larger floor or ceiling elements, with straight joints being avoided.

In another embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, the structure comprises surface modules that have a rectangular shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, the shape of a right-angled triangle or the shape of an equilateral triangle.

In a further embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, living or working spaces are included. The building can easily be adapted to a need if it includes living quarters. Due to the modularity, it is possible to simply add an extension without destroying the overall appearance by using other building materials. The modular structure also allows the building to be adapted both during design and later to meet requirements, for example it is possible to raise or lower the ceiling height of a warehouse by adding or removing appropriate struts and surface elements. It is also possible to complete floor plans and paths, green areas and plantings accommodate residents' needs.

In a further embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, this forms a bridge or a superstructure over an infrastructure that cannot otherwise be used as living/working space, such as a sealed road, path, body of water or supply or disposal or storage infrastructure.

In another embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, this further comprises at least one foot for supporting the structure, which is preferably designed as a tripod or tetrahedron.

In an additional embodiment of the modular space lattice structure, the struts, nodes, area modules are detachably connected to one another. This allows further adaptation of the structure to new requirements. For example, it is possible to widen a superstructure over a road using modular construction to allow for an expansion of the road; it is also possible to subsequently raise the building if, for example, a greater headroom is required. Not only does the structure allow for relatively free development in the initial design, it can even be partially dismantled and rebuilt later. New foundations can be added or other parts of the building can be dismantled. If the building needs to be moved, it is possible to simply dismantle a part and add it to another location. The elements are screwable, so the structure is mobile.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a modular space lattice structure is provided, which is composed of polygonal, preferably triangular area modules and, in a basic embodiment, comprises the shape of one of the platonic solids such as tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron or icosahedron. A building with the shape of a platonic solid has the advantage that all surface modules have the same shape and the possibility of erroneous assembly is significantly reduced. In a further embodiment, the modular space lattice structure comprises at least one truncated platonic solid. By truncating, the building can be given a rounder and thus energetically more favorable shape. For a structure in the form of a truncated platonic solid, it is sufficient to combine two or different surface modules. The cuboctahedron is one of the truncated Platonic solids.

Preferably the building does not include cube structures. The building preferably includes no triangular prisms. More preferably, the building includes no elongated pyramids, and no elongated prisms. The building preferably does not include any cuboid structures. These exclusions prevent conventional prefabricated buildings such as garden sheds from falling within the language of the claims.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the structure comprises at least one tetrahedron, which serves as a base for supporting the structure. With appropriate supports, several cuboctahedrons resting on a triangular surface can be connected to square surfaces, with a resulting difference in height being compensated for by one or more support feet.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the modular space lattice structure comprises a plurality of cuboctahedrons or dishheptahedrons, which form a region-spanning arcuate, linear, Y- or X-shaped structure, with cuboctahedrons or dishheptahedrons being connected to square or triangular surfaces . Cuboctahedrons or disheptahedrons can be coupled with each other offset in height on the square surfaces. As a result, an arch-shaped structure can be created with which larger spans of between 10 and 40m can be spanned. Thus, such a building can be used to be reached via unused arms of water or above streets or parking lots, with noise protection having to be taken into account accordingly. A room-spanning building can also serve as a carport for several parking spaces under the building. The construction is relatively light and does not require the construction of underground parking garages, for example. It is also possible, for example, to build over a rail track with a corresponding building and use it as building or living space, whereby noise protection and protection against structure-borne noise as well as the insulation of any overhead lines must also be taken into account here.

In the case of structures designed as cuboctahedrons or Johnson bodies J27, it is intended to attach level floors or ceilings in the middle of the edges of the individual area modules. These intermediate ceilings or intermediate floors reinforce the structure of the building and can significantly increase the usable area of the building, thereby stabilizing the structure of the cuboctahedron or the respective Johnson solid. This is particularly interesting for combinations of several cuboctahedra where further strengthening of the structure is desirable.

According to another embodiment of the present invention is a modular Space lattice structure designed in such a way that at least one cuboctahedron or disheptahedron is set up in such a way that one of its triangular surfaces forms a base. The cuboctahedron or disheptahedron preferably has four storeys and a roof. Two or more cuboctahedrons can be joined together at square faces. In addition, at least one dormer window and/or a curtain wall can be attached to the square faces of the cuboctahedron.

In this embodiment, the ground floor is triangular (up to Y-shaped), the first floor is hexagonal (up to Y-shaped), the second floor of the cuboctahedron is formed by a hexagon and the third floor is hexagonal (up to Y-shaped) like the first floor and the roof is triangular (up to Y-shaped) as is the ground floor. The shapes vary depending on how many terrace elements, dormers or facade parts are attached to the cuboctahedron. The dormers and the facade elements can be used to provide vertical or outwardly inclined window surfaces and wall sections, which better enable the building to be used as a residential and office building. Buildings with three beams crossing each other at right angles can also be composed of 3 to 5 cuboctahedrons each, with one cuboctahedron being arranged in the center of the building. Larger complexes can be assembled by assembling several individual bodies. In larger complexes, interior walls can also be integrated into the spatial framework. However, it is also provided to provide straight and right-angled inner walls that do not follow the course of the struts of the space frame.

• Figuren 1 bis 6 zeigen einen Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Bauwerks in mehreren Schritten.
• Figuren 7 und 8 zeigen eine Grundrissansicht und eine Schnittansicht eines Gebäudes
• Figuren 9 bis 14 zeigen jeweils Raumgitter mit ein, zwei bzw. vier Ebenen
• Figur 15 zeigt ein Raumgitter mit 6 Ebenen, das auf der linken Seite als hexagonal dichteste Kugelpackung und auf der linken Seite als fcc-Gitter ausgeführt ist.

Various views of embodiments according to the invention are shown in the figures.

• Figures 1 to 6 show a construction of a structure according to the invention in several steps.
• Figures 7 and 8 show a plan view and a sectional view of a building
• Figures 9 to 14 each show space lattices with one, two and four levels
• figure 15 shows a space lattice with 6 levels, which is designed as a hexagonal closest packing on the left and as an fcc lattice on the left.

In the following, the schematic figures based on examples Embodiments explained in detail.

figure 1 shows the construction of a basic element from nodes and struts with a hexagonal structure, with three hexagons being connected by nine struts and forming a kind of triskelion. The lowest level stands on three pillars, which run vertically downwards from a central node of each of the three even hexagons.

In figure 2 walkway or floor elements are arranged above the connecting struts that connect the three even hexagons, via which the lowest level can be accessed.

In figure 3 a second plane was constructed on top of the right hexagon using a tetrahedral lattice, with the resulting plane having twice the area of the basic regular hexagon.

In figure 4 a second level was built on top of the other hexagons also with the tetrahedron grid, completing the second level. The second level again forms a kind of triskele. In figure 4 a third level was constructed on the rightmost back hexagon with a tetrahedral lattice, the resulting level having twice the area of the basic regular hexagon of the second level. The lattice here forms an fcc or ccp lattice, which is also referred to as a face-centered cubic lattice.

In figure 5 above the connecting struts, which connect the three uniform hexagons arranged at the outermost edge, a walkway or floor element is arranged, via which the second level can be entered. In the area of the hexagons, closed rooms can be built with surface elements.

In figure 6 a completed building is shown with greenery, extending over 4 levels and having an fcc or ccp grid.

figure 7 shows a top view of a floor plan with a hexagonal base area. The floor area and preferably a ceiling area is preferably formed from a single hexagonal and self-supporting floor element in order to avoid struts running in an inclined direction in the interior.

figure 8 represents a side view of a building according to the invention, wherein the Diagonally running struts are particularly easy to recognize. With a preferred strut length of 7 meters, trees can also be planted on each level. It is also possible to integrate larger trees into the building, which can extend over several levels.

The surface module that forms the floor can also be designed to be divisible along the horizontal dashed line. With a strut module with an edge length of between 6.5 m and 7.5 m, practicable ceiling heights of around 2.50 m can be achieved. A divisible module can be prefabricated and divided easily transported by truck to a construction site. A divisible module is also easier to handle on a construction site and also easier to move in scaffolding that is already partially erected.

figure 9 shows a tetrahedron composed of 6 struts and 4 nodes. The tetrahedron of figure 9 points to the viewer with one edge of the triangle that forms the base. The struts hidden by the front face are indicated by dashed lines.

figure 10 shows 4 joined tetrahedrons. In the lowest level 3 tetrahedrons are joined together. At the lowest level, each of the tetrahedra is connected to a respective vertex of one of the other tetrahedra. The three points or nodes connecting the lowest level tetrahedrons form a triangle. All tetrahedra are oriented in the same way. The base of the connected tetrahedron is again a triangle, but with an edge length that is twice as large. The individual tetrahedron of the second level is connected to each of the corners of its base with a vertex of the three tetrahedrons of the first level. This represents a unit cell of an FCC or CCP lattice. The characteristic of this lattice is that the individual tetrahedrons in turn combine to form larger tetrahedrons.

figure 11 shows the grid of figure 9 in a version with 4 levels.

figure 12 shows the tetrahedron of figure 10 from a different angle. The tetrahedron of figure 12 points to the viewer with a point of the triangle that forms the base. In this view, only the back edge of the base is hidden and is therefore represented by a dashed line.

figure 13 shows 4 joined tetrahedrons. In the lowest level are 3 tetrahedrons from the figure 9 put together. Here each tetrahedron of the lowest level is connected to both other tetrahedrons by only one vertex. The outer free corners of the bases of the tetrahedra form a regular hexagon. The single tetrahedron of the second level corresponds to the representation of figure 12 , and is connected to each of the corners of its base with a vertex of the three tetrahedra of the first level. The tetrahedrons of the first level are all oriented in the same way, while the tetrahedron of the second level is in the opposite direction. At the lowest level, the long sides are transverse to the viewer and at the second level, one corner of the tetrahedron is facing the viewer. In contrast, show at the figure 9 all corners towards the viewer.

In the figure 11 it can be clearly seen that the top vertex of the second level tetrahedron lies just above the point where the three first level tetrahedrons connect. This represents a unit cell of a lattice of a hexagonal closest packing.

figure 14 shows the grid of figure 13 in a version with 4 levels of tetrahedrons and 5 levels of nodes. On the right edge of the grid you can see that the lines are not aligned.

figure 13 shows a section of a spatial lattice with 6 levels of tetrahedrons or 7 levels of nodes. The space lattice is designed as a hexagonal closest packing on the left and as an fcc lattice on the left. The nodes form planes, with the nodes of every second plane of nodes lying directly on top of one another in a hexagonal closest packing of spheres. In an FCC grid, on the other hand, the third level of nodes is shifted from the first level, and only the fourth level nodes are directly above those of the first level.

In a combination of both lattices, the nodes on the lattice with the hexagonal closest packing of spheres lie directly above one another in planes 1, 3, 5, and 7. In the fcc grid, the nodes of (node) levels 1, 4 and 7 are directly above one another. So if you combine both grids in a building, you need either 7 node levels or 6 tetrahedron levels in order to be able to seamlessly combine both grids in these levels. This construction is particularly suitable for superstructures and buildings with large, airy spaces. It is also possible for taller buildings with 14 node levels with at least three multiple towers, one completely in an fcc grid, one completely in a hexagonal dense ball grid and one in a mixed grid. In this case it is possible to reconnect the towers at the top sphere level with a regular tetrahedron or sphere level.

Claims (13)

Modular space lattice structure comprising a latticework of struts and nodes and/or area modules, the struts of the latticework being connected or connectable to the nodes, the surface modules being connected or connectable to one another or to the struts at the edges. A modular space lattice structure according to claim 1, wherein the nodal points allow connections of the struts at an angle of 60°, 120° and 180° to one another. A modular space lattice structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the latticework comprises an fcc lattice. The modular space lattice structure of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the latticework comprises hexagonal closest packing. Modular space lattice structure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure comprises at least one surface module which is designed as a wall, floor, ceiling, roof, path or plant element. Modular space lattice structure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the space lattice comprises tetrahedrons. Modular space lattice structure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure comprises area modules or only area modules which have a hexagonal shape, preferably the shape of a regular hexagon. Modular space lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure comprises area modules having a rectangular shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, the shape of a right triangle or the shape of an equilateral triangle. Modular space lattice structure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure is designed as living or working spaces. A modular space lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure forms a bridge or forms a superstructure. Modular space lattice structure according to claim 9 or 10, wherein structure forms a superstructure with living or working spaces. Modular space lattice structure according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one foot for supporting the structure, which is preferably designed as a tripod or tetrahedron. Modular space lattice structure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the struts, nodes or surface modules are detachably connected to one another.

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