EP3963571A1 - Surface trim element for producing an acoustic attenuation - Google Patents

Surface trim element for producing an acoustic attenuation

Info

Publication number
EP3963571A1
EP3963571A1 EP20716522.6A EP20716522A EP3963571A1 EP 3963571 A1 EP3963571 A1 EP 3963571A1 EP 20716522 A EP20716522 A EP 20716522A EP 3963571 A1 EP3963571 A1 EP 3963571A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
base
intermediate nodes
segments
pads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20716522.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3963571B1 (en
Inventor
Daniel OSMONT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
Original Assignee
Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA filed Critical Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
Publication of EP3963571A1 publication Critical patent/EP3963571A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3963571B1 publication Critical patent/EP3963571B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials

Definitions

  • the present description relates to a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation, a method of attenuating an acoustic emission, as well as a device or an installation which is provided with the surface lining.
  • unintentional acoustic emissions result from deformation by bending of walls which are in contact with environments where acoustic waves can propagate. This is notably how acoustic waves are transmitted to the exterior of an aircraft through portions of its fuselage, or to the interior of the aircraft through internal trim panels or floor elements. This is also how acoustic waves are transmitted through the water through the hull of a ship or submarine. These unintentional acoustic emissions cause environmental noise pollution, and discomfort for those who are there. In some cases, such as a submarine, unintentional acoustic emissions that are produced by the hull in the water can interfere with the submarine's mission.
  • An object of the present invention is then to attenuate such acoustic emissions in a manner which is efficient, inexpensive, and by causing a limited increase in the weight and bulk of a machine or of a device. installation whose acoustic emission is attenuated.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation, which comprises a deformable sheet structure intended to be inserted between a base wall capable of becoming concave or convex in areas of this base wall, and a flexible surface wall, avoiding detachment of the sheet structure from the base wall, and also avoiding detachment of the surface wall from the structure in tablecloth.
  • the sheet structure may be intended to be glued to the base wall.
  • the surface wall may be intended to be glued to the sheet structure.
  • the surface wall can directly be an exposed surface of the sheet structure.
  • the surface wall is intended to be in contact with the medium where acoustic waves can propagate.
  • the sheet structure has several directions of orthotropy, each direction of orthotropy being associated with at least one respective value of resistance to shears which are perpendicular to this orthotropy direction. Then, according to one characteristic of the invention, that of the directions of orthotropy which is associated with a value of resistance to shears lower than that of at least one other of the directions of orthotropy, is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure . Preferably, that of the directions of orthotropy which is associated with the lowest shear strength value, compared to all the other shear strength values of the other orthotropy directions, is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure.
  • Such a surface lining has an acoustic attenuation efficiency, all the more so as it has a low resistance to the shears which are parallel to the base wall.
  • variations in the thickness of the sheet structure perpendicular to the base wall which are caused by variations in the convexity or concavity of this base wall, attenuate the acoustic emission which is produced by the variations in convexity. or concavity of the base wall.
  • these variations in the thickness of the sheet structure are favored by sliding which is internal to the sheet structure and which is parallel to the base wall.
  • the sheet structure can be constituted by an orthotropic material, such as a laminated material, a laminated material, a composite material with fibers oriented parallel to the sheet, a crystalline material, in particular with a face-centered cubic structure, etc. .
  • the deformable sheet structure can comprise:
  • a set of surface studs each comprising a fixing part intended to be fixed to the surface wall, and a movable part, which are connected to one another so as to allow movements of the movable part with respect to the fixing part parallel to the web;
  • first segments extending from one of the base pads, to one of the intermediate nodes, so that all the intermediate nodes are kept away from the wall of base when the base pads are fixed on the base wall, and so that the first segments produce an increase in a gap between two intermediate nodes which are neighbors in an area where the base wall is deformed to increase its convexity, and produce a decrease in the same gap when the base wall is deformed to increase its concavity in the area;
  • the surface lining of the invention consists of a structure which is essentially hollow. Its weight can therefore be particularly reduced. In addition, his thickness may be small, less than five centimeters, or even less than two centimeters, for example.
  • a surface lining can be easily manufactured by a production process by adding material, such as a three-dimensional printing process. Alternatively, it can be manufactured by molding parts of the sheet structure, then assembling the molded parts together.
  • each base pad can be adapted to connect several first segments to the base wall, so distributed angularly about a direction which is perpendicular to the web passing through the base plot. Then, any two base pads which are neighboring are connected by two of the first segments to one and the same of the intermediate nodes, this intermediate node varying between different pairs of neighboring base pads.
  • each base pad can be adapted to rigidly connect one of the first segments to the base wall, so that this first segment remains perpendicular to the base wall at the location of the base block.
  • each first segment which connects one of the base pads to one of the intermediate nodes can be longer than each second segment which connects one of the intermediate nodes to one of the surface pads.
  • the base pads can be distributed according to a first equilateral triangular network, the intermediate nodes according to a second equilateral triangular network, and the surface pads according to a third hexagonal network.
  • the second and third equilateral triangular networks can be offset from each other, parallel to the web, so as to superimpose in a direction which is perpendicular to the web, a regular hexagonal network.
  • the first triangular network can then be superimposed on the second triangular network or on the third triangular network in the direction perpendicular to the web;
  • the mobile part can be connected to part of fixing by a rod which is oriented perpendicular to the sheet, and which is adapted to be deformed by bending.
  • the movable part of each surface stud can be provided with a rigid extension in the form of a neck which supports a plate oriented parallel to the web.
  • the fixing part of the surface stud may be provided with an opening which is parallel to the web and which is crossed by the neck, the opening having dimensions which are intermediate between those of the cross section of the neck and those of the plateau measured parallel to the water table;
  • the base studs on the one hand, and the surface studs on the other hand can be distributed with respective average densities which are between one stud per 4 cm 2 and one stud per 225 cm 2 , these densities being measured in parallel to the tablecloth;
  • the lining may further include the surface wall on which are fixed the fixing parts of the surface studs.
  • this surface wall may include openings which are each adapted to form a passage for a fluid, in particular for air or water, between two opposite sides of the surface wall.
  • these openings can have sizes and / or shapes and / or positions in the surface wall which are irregular or random.
  • the first segments can be continuous in material with the base pads and with base parts of the intermediate nodes, to together constitute a first lattice which is deformable by folding at the level of each connection between one of the first segments and one of the base pads, and at the level of each connection between one of the first segments and one of the base parts of intermediate nodes.
  • the second segments can be continuous in material with base parts of the mobile parts of the surface studs and with top parts of the intermediate nodes, to together constitute a second lattice which is deformable by folding at the level of each connection between the lattice.
  • the fixing parts of the surface studs can also be connected to one another by links so as to form a third mesh which is intended to be fixed to the surface wall, or so as to form the surface wall.
  • the lining may comprise two sheet structures each according to the invention, which are superimposed. Then, the surface wall of those of the two sheet structures which is contiguous with the base wall acts as the base wall for the other sheet structure.
  • the lining further comprises a second deformable sheet structure, which is disposed on one side of the surface wall opposite the first deformable sheet structure, and which comprises:
  • a second set of base studs fixed on the surface wall, at locations which are distributed regularly on the surface wall;
  • a second set of surface studs each comprising a fixing part intended to be fixed to a second surface wall, and a movable part, which are connected to one another so as to allow movements of the movable part by relative to the attachment portion parallel to the ply of the second ply structure;
  • each first segment of the second set of first segments extending from one of the base pads of the second set of base pads, to one of the intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes, so that all intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes are kept away from the surface wall, and so that the first segments of the second set of first segments produce an increase in a gap between two nodes intermediates of the second set of intermediate nodes, which are neighbors in an area where the surface wall is deformed to increase its convexity, and produce a decrease in this gap when the surface wall is deformed to increase its concavity in the area;
  • a second surface wall on which are fixed the fixing parts of the surface studs of the second set of surface studs.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a method of attenuating an acoustic emission which is caused by a bending deformation of a base wall.
  • This method comprises a step of fixing to the base wall, a surface lining which conforms to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the method can also include a step of fixing the surface wall on the sheet structure, where appropriate on the fixing parts of the surface studs. the tablecloth structure.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a device or an installation which is capable of producing an acoustic emission by bending deformation of a wall of this device or installation, this wall being provided with a surface lining in accordance with to the first aspect of the invention, and acting as a base wall for this lining.
  • a device or installation can be a portion of a soundproofing wall, in particular a portion of a soundproofing road wall, a bathroom partition. concert or musical training, a partition of an engine compartment or a somehowlic treatment, a pipe, an aircraft, a ship or a submarine.
  • the relevant wall of the vehicle may be a portion of a structure of the aircraft, a portion of the floor of the aircraft or an interior trim panel of a cabin of the aircraft. aircraft.
  • the relevant wall of the craft may be a portion of the hull of the ship or of the submarine, a portion of the floor or a bulkhead of the ship or submarine .
  • FIG. 1a is a cross section of a surface lining according to the invention, according to a first possible configuration
  • FIG. 1 b corresponds to [Fig. 1a] for a second possible configuration
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a possible variant for the surface lining of [Fig. 1 a];
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section which illustrates a possible constitution of a surface lining according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4a is an enlargement of the cross section for a part of a surface lining which is in accordance with the invention, according to a first embodiment of this lining part;
  • FIG. 4b corresponds to [Fig. 4a] for a second embodiment of the surface lining part
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a surface wall which can be used for a surface lining according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a refinement of the invention
  • FIG. 7 corresponds to [Fig. 1a] for other possible constructions of surface linings according to the invention.
  • the reference 100 designates a surface lining to be applied to a base wall 101, on one side of this wall which is in contact with a medium in which an unwanted acoustic wave is liable to propagate .
  • the surface lining 100 comprises a sheet structure, which is deformable and, depending on the applications, it may or may not include a flexible surface wall 102, it being understood that when this surface wall 102 is not initially included in the lining 100, it must be added later to the deformable sheet structure to obtain the sound attenuation function.
  • the references indicated in the figures have the following meanings:
  • base pad which is intended to be fixed, for example by gluing or heat-welding, to the base wall 101;
  • fixing part of a surface stud 2 which is intended to be fixed, for example by gluing or heat-welding, to the surface wall 102;
  • movable part of a surface stud 2 which is assembled with a fixing part 22 so that this movable part can move freely or almost freely with respect to the fixing part according to translations which are parallel to the wall superficial 102;
  • the machine 110 can be a submarine, by way of non-limiting example.
  • the base wall 101 may be formed by at least part of a hull of the submarine.
  • the surface lining 100 is then applied to the external face of the hull, so that the surface wall 102 is in contact with the water external to the submarine.
  • the surface wall 102 is carried by the surface studs 2 at a distance from the base wall 101. It presents a compromise of flexibility and rigidity which is adapted so that this surface wall 102 locally follows the movements of the surface studs 2 perpendicular to the base wall 101, at the fixing locations of the surface studs 2 on the surface wall 102, but also to follow these displacements between the locations of the surface studs 2, by a ripple effect.
  • the surface wall 102 may be a thin metal foil, less than 0.3 mm (millimeter) thick.
  • the base wall 101 is capable of transmitting acoustic waves to the external environment, sea water in the case of the hull of a submarine, by bending vibrations of this base wall. Thus, it becomes locally more convex in certain areas, while it becomes locally more concave in neighboring areas, as shown in [Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1 b]. During the vibrations of the base wall 101, the areas of increased convexity and concavity are exchanged.
  • convex and concave are to be understood algebraically and relatively with respect to a reference shape of the base wall 101: convex meaning that the base wall is at a given time during the vibration more convex than its reference shape, and concave meaning conversely that the base wall is at a given moment less convex than the reference shape.
  • Each first segment 4 comes from a base pad 1, and the base pads 1 are such that the orientation of each first segment 4 relative to the base wall 101 is constant, or substantially constant. In other words, when the base studs 1 are fixed to the base wall 101, the orientation of each first segment 4 relative to the base wall 101 at the location of the corresponding base stud is not intended to vary. , at least at first order.
  • [Fig. 1 b] denotes a direction which is locally perpendicular to the base wall 101. Due to the variable curvature of the base wall 101, this direction D varies spatially and temporally, but at each location of the base wall 101, the first segments 4 have a relative orientation which is constant with respect to direction D.
  • the first segments 4 which come from neighboring base pads 1 are connected to each other by their opposite ends to the base wall 101, to the intermediate nodes 3. They thus form two-by-two rigid isosceles triangles with the base wall 101 as the base of these isosceles triangles.
  • each first segment 4 remains permanently parallel to the direction D, as it exists at the location of this first segment. All the first segments 4 have the same length, which can be between a few millimeters and a few centimeters. The ends of the first segments 4 which are opposite the base pads 101 end at the intermediate nodes 3.
  • the intermediate nodes 3 move apart between neighboring nodes in this area, as appears on the two left and right sides of [Fig. . 1a] and [Fig. 1 b]. Conversely, when the base wall 101 deforms in bending to become locally more concave in an area, the intermediate nodes 3 come closer between neighboring nodes in this area, as shown in the central parts of [Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1 b].
  • Second segments 5 connect the intermediate nodes 3 which are neighboring, with a first end of each second segment 5 which is connected to one of the intermediate nodes 3, and a second end of each second segment 5 which is connected to the second end of the other second segment via one of the surface pads 2.
  • the connections at both ends of each second segment 5 have a degree of freedom of deformation by rotation, and are designed to have a low deformation resistance.
  • the axis of deformation by rotation of each connection is locally parallel to the base wall 101, at order one.
  • each end connection of one of the second segments 5 can be made by local thinning or a flexible connecting tab.
  • Each connection between second segments which is opposite to the intermediate nodes 3 is also connected to a surface stud 2.
  • the second segments 5 which end in one and the same of the surface studs 2 form a group of second segments, as introduced in the part general of the present description.
  • Such a group may contain a variable number of second segments 5, for example three, four or six second segments, depending on the three-dimensional geometry of the sheet structure.
  • the first segments 4 form with the second segments 5 deformable polygons or polyhedra, whose sides have fixed lengths, and whose opposite vertices are the base pads 1 and the surface pads 2, and the intermediate vertices are the intermediate nodes 3.
  • the length of the second segments 5 can be adapted relative to the shape at rest, or reference shape, of the base wall 101, and to the attenuation rate which is desired for the acoustic wave emission.
  • the sheet structure which has just been described locally provides the surface wall 102 with a curvature which is opposite to that of the base wall 101.
  • all the second segments 5 have the same length, which can also be between a few millimeters and a few centimeters.
  • the surface wall 102 can be provided with openings 102o (see [Fig. 5]), so that the external medium can fill the gap between the base wall 101 and the surface wall 102. Then, the acoustic emission in the external environment results not only from the displacements of the surface wall 102, but also from those of the base wall 101 through the openings 102o. Acoustic interference results, which contributes to attenuation.
  • the openings 102o can be randomly distributed in the surface wall 102, and have respective random dimensions.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the distribution of the base studs 1, the surface studs 2 and the intermediate nodes 3 parallel to the base wall 101, for the configuration of [Fig. 1a].
  • the base pads 1 form an equilateral triangular network, and the surface pads 2 are superimposed on the base pads 1 in direction D.
  • the intermediate nodes 3 then also form an equilateral triangular network, which is interlaced with that of the base pads 1 in a projection of the networks on the base wall 101.
  • Those skilled in the art will be able to transfer such a three-dimensional geometry with axial symmetry of order three to the configuration of [Fig. 1 b].
  • the intermediate nodes 3 form an equilateral triangular network which is superimposed on that of the base pads 1 in direction D, and the surface pads 2 form another equilateral triangular network which is interlaced with that of the base pads 1 in projection of the gratings onto the base wall 101.
  • Other three-dimensional geometries can be adopted alternately, in particular with axial symmetry of order four.
  • Such sheet structures can be manufactured by three-dimensional printing, commonly referred to as 3D printing.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a possible composition of the sheet structure, which facilitates other manufacturing methods, in particular by molding of thermosetting material.
  • each intermediate node 3 can be separated into a base part 3a and a top part 3b.
  • a first trellis 40 can be fabricated, which groups together in a continuously connected network the base pads 1, the first segments 4 and the base parts 3a of the intermediate nodes 3.
  • This first trellis 40 can be molded into a general shape which is flat, then shaped by folding at both ends of all the first segments 4.
  • each movable part 21 of surface stud 2 can be separated into a base part 21a and a sliding part 21b, in addition to the separation of each surface stud 2 into a movable part 21 and a fixing part 22 as described below with reference to [FIG. 4b].
  • a second trellis 50 can be manufactured, which groups together in another continuously connected network the top parts 3b of intermediate nodes 3, the second segments 5 and the base parts 21a of the mobile parts 21 of surface pads 2.
  • This second trellis 50 can also be molded in a generally planar shape, then shaped by folding at both ends of all the second segments 5.
  • a third mesh 60 can be manufactured, which combines the fixing parts 22 of the surface studs 2 into one more another continuously connected network, with links 27 which are intermediate between neighboring fixing parts 22.
  • the sheet structure can then be formed by assembling, for example by gluing or heat-sealing, the base parts 3a of intermediate nodes 3 of the first lattice 40 with the top parts 3b of intermediate nodes 3 of the second lattice 50, and by assembling the base parts 21a of the mobile parts 21 of surface studs 2 of the second lattice 50 with complementary parts of surface studs 2, connected to the third lattice 60.
  • each base part 21a can be provided with a stud which is intended to be inserted definitively in a hole of the corresponding sliding part 21 b of the movable part 21 of the surface stud 2.
  • each movable part 21 of a surface stud 2 must be movable relative to the fixing part 22 of the same surface stud 2, this fixing part 22 being rigidly fixed to the wall surface 2.
  • Translational movements parallel to the base wall 101, or in an equivalent manner parallel to the surface wall 102, of each movable part 21 of the surface stud 2 must be possible.
  • FIG. 4a illustrates a first way of making such connections within each surface stud 2.
  • the movable part 21 of each surface stud 2 can be connected by a respective rod 23 which is flexible in bending, to the fixing part 22 of the surface stud 2.
  • a translational offset parallel to the surface wall 102, between the movable part 21 and the fixing part 22, is allowed by bending of the pin 23.
  • a resistance against such an offset can be all the more low, to increase the sound attenuation efficiency, that the rod 23 is long and thin.
  • the mobile part 21 may have a shape set back, relative to the ends of the second segments 5 and in the direction of the base wall 101, in order to limit a total thickness of the sheet structure.
  • FIG. 4b illustrates another way of making connections with two translation degrees of freedom within each surface stud 2.
  • each second segment 5 is connected to the base part 21a of a mobile part 21 of surface stud 2 by rotary connections R2, and the base part 21a of the movable part 21 is associated with the fixing part 22 of the same surface stud 2 by means of a sliding part 21b of the movable part 21.
  • the sliding part 21 b provides a sliding connection with the fixing part 22.
  • the sliding part 21b is rigidly connected to the base part 21a, and may include a neck-shaped extension 24 and a plate 25 which is carried by the extension 24.
  • the fixing part 22 then comprises a cavity 22a which is larger laterally than the plate 25, and which has a depth greater than the thickness of the latter. It also has a strangely 22b, or neck, which partially closes the cavity 22a while leaving an opening 26 larger than the section of the extension 24.
  • the opening 26 is also laterally smaller than the plate 25 , only translational movements which are parallel to the surface wall 102 are possible for the base part 21a relative to the surface wall 102, by sliding the plate 25 in the cavity 22a.
  • all the connections 27 can be formed of two superimposed layers 27a and 27b, one of which, 27a, forms the cavities 22a, and the other 27b, forms the necks 22b.
  • FIG. 6 shows a stack of two 100 and 100 ’area gaskets, which may be identical.
  • the references 1'-5 ' which relate to the surface lining 100' correspond respectively to the references 1 -5 of the surface lining 100.
  • the rotary connections R1 'and R2' of the surface lining 100 ' correspond to the rotary connections R1 and R2 of the surface lining 100, and have been referred to as third and fourth rotary links, respectively, in the general part of the present description.
  • the surface wall 102 which is carried by the surface pads 2 of the surface lining 100, acts as the base wall for the surface lining 100 ’.
  • Reference 102 ’ designates a second deformable surface wall, which is in contact with the external environment in which acoustic waves are likely to propagate, and to which are fixed the fixing parts of the surface studs 2’. Thanks to the cumulative deformations of the two surface linings 100 and 100 ’, a higher acoustic attenuation efficiency can thus be obtained.
  • FIG. 7 shows another type of realization of surface linings
  • the sheet structure 100 which also conform to the invention, and for each of which the sheet structure consists of a layer of an orthotropic material.
  • This material has sliding planes PG which are parallel to the base wall 101.
  • the surface wall 102 may be a flexible layer which is bonded to the layer of orthotropic material, for example a layer with an additional protective function, or else be directly formed by a surface of the layer of orthotropic material which is opposite the base wall 101.
  • FIG. 7 shows that a deformation of the base wall

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

A surface trim element (100) for producing an acoustic attenuation comprising a structure made of a deformable sheet which is designed to be inserted between a base wall (101) which can become locally concave or convex, and a flexible superficial wall (102). The sheet structure has an orthotropic direction which is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure, and which is associated with a shearing resistance value that is lower than its other orthotropic directions. The sheet structure may be made up of rigid segments (4, 5) that connect base pads (1) to be fixed to the base wall or sliding superficial pads (2) to be fixed onto the superficial wall. Some of the segments are connected to one another and to the superficial pads by rotary connections (R1, R2).

Description

Description Description
Titre : GARNITURE SURFACIQUE POUR PRODUIRE UNE ATTENUATION Title: SURFACE PAD TO PRODUCE ATTENUATION
ACOUSTIQUE ACOUSTIC
Domaine technique Technical area
[0001] La présente description concerne une garniture surfacique pour produire une atténuation acoustique, un procédé d'atténuation d'une émission acoustique, ainsi qu’un engin ou une installation qui est muni(e) de la garniture surfacique. The present description relates to a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation, a method of attenuating an acoustic emission, as well as a device or an installation which is provided with the surface lining.
Technique antérieure Prior art
[0002] Dans de nombreux cas, des émissions acoustiques involontaires résultent de déformations par flexion de parois qui sont en contact avec des milieux où des ondes acoustiques peuvent se propager. C’est notamment de cette façon que des ondes acoustiques sont transmises à l’extérieur d’un aéronef par des portions de son fuselage, ou à l’intérieur de l’aéronef par des panneaux d’habillage internes ou des éléments de plancher. C’est aussi de cette façon que des ondes acoustiques sont transmises dans l’eau par la coque d’un navire ou d’un sous-marin. Ces émissions acoustiques involontaires provoquent une pollution sonore de l’environnement, et un inconfort pour des personnes qui s’y trouvent. Dans certains cas, notamment dans le cas d’un sous-marin, les émissions acoustiques involontaires qui sont produites par la coque dans l’eau peuvent nuire à la mission du sous-marin. [0002] In many cases, unintentional acoustic emissions result from deformation by bending of walls which are in contact with environments where acoustic waves can propagate. This is notably how acoustic waves are transmitted to the exterior of an aircraft through portions of its fuselage, or to the interior of the aircraft through internal trim panels or floor elements. This is also how acoustic waves are transmitted through the water through the hull of a ship or submarine. These unintentional acoustic emissions cause environmental noise pollution, and discomfort for those who are there. In some cases, such as a submarine, unintentional acoustic emissions that are produced by the hull in the water can interfere with the submarine's mission.
Problème technique Technical problem
[0003] Un but de la présente invention est alors d’atténuer de telles émissions acoustiques d’une façon qui soit efficace, peu onéreuse, et en provoquant une augmentation limitée du poids et de l’encombrement d’un engin ou d’une installation dont l’émission acoustique est atténuée. [0003] An object of the present invention is then to attenuate such acoustic emissions in a manner which is efficient, inexpensive, and by causing a limited increase in the weight and bulk of a machine or of a device. installation whose acoustic emission is attenuated.
Résumé de l’invention Summary of the invention
[0004] Pour cela, un premier aspect de l’invention propose une garniture surfacique pour produire une atténuation acoustique, qui comprend une structure en nappe déformable destinée à être insérée entre une paroi de base susceptible de devenir concave ou convexe dans des zones de cette paroi de base, et une paroi superficielle souple, en évitant des décollements de la structure en nappe par rapport à la paroi de base, et en évitant aussi des décollements de la paroi superficielle par rapport à la structure en nappe. Par exemple, la structure en nappe peut être destinée à être collée sur la paroi de base. De même, la paroi superficielle peut être destinée à être collée sur la structure en nappe. Alternativement, la paroi superficielle peut être directement une surface exposée de la structure en nappe. De façon générale, la paroi superficielle est destinée à être en contact avec le milieu où des ondes acoustiques peuvent se propager. La structure en nappe possède plusieurs directions d’orthotropie, chaque direction d’orthotropie étant associée à au moins une valeur respective de résistance à des cisaillements qui sont perpendiculaires à cette direction orthotropie. Alors, selon une caractéristique de l’invention, celle des directions d’orthotropie qui est associée à une valeur de résistance aux cisaillements plus faible que celle d’au moins une autre des directions d’orthotropie, est orientée perpendiculairement à la structure en nappe. De préférence, celle des directions d’orthotropie qui est associée à la valeur de résistance aux cisaillements la plus faible, par rapport à toutes les autres valeurs de résistance aux cisaillements des autres directions d’orthotropie, est orientée perpendiculairement à la structure en nappe. [0004] For this, a first aspect of the invention provides a surface lining for producing acoustic attenuation, which comprises a deformable sheet structure intended to be inserted between a base wall capable of becoming concave or convex in areas of this base wall, and a flexible surface wall, avoiding detachment of the sheet structure from the base wall, and also avoiding detachment of the surface wall from the structure in tablecloth. For example, the sheet structure may be intended to be glued to the base wall. Likewise, the surface wall may be intended to be glued to the sheet structure. Alternatively, the surface wall can directly be an exposed surface of the sheet structure. In general, the surface wall is intended to be in contact with the medium where acoustic waves can propagate. The sheet structure has several directions of orthotropy, each direction of orthotropy being associated with at least one respective value of resistance to shears which are perpendicular to this orthotropy direction. Then, according to one characteristic of the invention, that of the directions of orthotropy which is associated with a value of resistance to shears lower than that of at least one other of the directions of orthotropy, is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure . Preferably, that of the directions of orthotropy which is associated with the lowest shear strength value, compared to all the other shear strength values of the other orthotropy directions, is oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure.
[0005] Une telle garniture surfacique possède une efficacité d’atténuation acoustique d’autant plus grande qu’elle présente une résistance faible aux cisaillements qui sont parallèles à la paroi de base. En effet, des variations d’épaisseur de la structure en nappe perpendiculairement à la paroi de base, qui sont provoquées par des variations de convexité ou de concavité de cette paroi de base, atténuent l’émission acoustique qui est produite par les variations de convexité ou de concavité de la paroi de base. Or ces variations d’épaisseur de la structure en nappe sont favorisées par des glissements qui sont internes à la structure en nappe et qui sont parallèles à la paroi de base. [0005] Such a surface lining has an acoustic attenuation efficiency, all the more so as it has a low resistance to the shears which are parallel to the base wall. Indeed, variations in the thickness of the sheet structure perpendicular to the base wall, which are caused by variations in the convexity or concavity of this base wall, attenuate the acoustic emission which is produced by the variations in convexity. or concavity of the base wall. However, these variations in the thickness of the sheet structure are favored by sliding which is internal to the sheet structure and which is parallel to the base wall.
[0006] La structure en nappe peut être constituée par un matériau orthotrope, tel qu’un matériau stratifié, un matériau laminé, un matériau composite à fibres orientées parallèlement à la nappe, un matériau cristallin, notamment à structure cubique à faces centrées, etc. [0007] Alternativement, la structure en nappe déformable peut comprendre : [0006] The sheet structure can be constituted by an orthotropic material, such as a laminated material, a laminated material, a composite material with fibers oriented parallel to the sheet, a crystalline material, in particular with a face-centered cubic structure, etc. . [0007] Alternatively, the deformable sheet structure can comprise:
- un ensemble de plots de base destinés à être fixés sur la paroi de base, à des emplacements qui sont répartis régulièrement sur cette paroi de base ; a set of base studs intended to be fixed to the base wall, at locations which are distributed regularly on this base wall;
- un ensemble de plots superficiels, comprenant chacun une partie de fixation destinée à être fixée à la paroi superficielle, et une partie mobile, qui sont connectées l'une à l’autre de façon à permettre des déplacements de la partie mobile par rapport à la partie de fixation parallèlement à la nappe ; - a set of surface studs, each comprising a fixing part intended to be fixed to the surface wall, and a movable part, which are connected to one another so as to allow movements of the movable part with respect to the fixing part parallel to the web;
- un ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires ; - a set of intermediate nodes;
- un ensemble de premiers segments rigides et identiques, chaque premier segment s’étendant à partir de l’un des plots de base, jusqu’à un des nœuds intermédiaires, de sorte que tous les nœuds intermédiaires soient maintenus à distance de la paroi de base lorsque les plots de base sont fixés sur la paroi de base, et de sorte que les premiers segments produisent une augmentation d’un écart entre deux nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins dans une zone où la paroi de base est déformée pour augmenter sa convexité, et produisent une diminution du même écart lorsque la paroi de base est déformée pour augmenter sa concavité dans la zone ; et - a set of first rigid and identical segments, each first segment extending from one of the base pads, to one of the intermediate nodes, so that all the intermediate nodes are kept away from the wall of base when the base pads are fixed on the base wall, and so that the first segments produce an increase in a gap between two intermediate nodes which are neighbors in an area where the base wall is deformed to increase its convexity, and produce a decrease in the same gap when the base wall is deformed to increase its concavity in the area; and
- un ensemble de seconds segments rigides et identiques, ces seconds segments étant répartis en groupes de sorte que les seconds segments d’un même groupe connectent des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins à la partie mobile d’un même plot superficiel qui est dédié à ce groupe, chaque second segment étant connecté d’une part à l’un des nœuds intermédiaires de façon à former une première liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe avec un des premiers segments qui s’étend jusqu’à ce nœud intermédiaire, et connecté d’autre part à la partie mobile de l’un des plots superficiels de façon à former avec cette partie mobile de plot superficiel, une seconde liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe, de sorte que lorsque l’écart entre des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins augmente, le plot superficiel du groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés à ces nœuds intermédiaires, se rapproche de la paroi de base, et lorsque l’écart entre les nœuds intermédiaires voisins diminue, le plot superficiel du groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés à ces nœuds intermédiaires, s’éloigne de la paroi de base. - a set of second rigid and identical segments, these second segments being divided into groups so that the second segments of the same group connect intermediate nodes which are neighboring to the mobile part of the same surface pad which is dedicated to this group, each second segment being connected on the one hand to one of the intermediate nodes so as to form a first rotary link with an axis parallel to the web with one of the first segments which extends to this intermediate node, and connected on the other hand to the mobile part of one of the surface studs so as to form with this mobile part of the surface stud, a second rotary link with an axis parallel to the web, so that when the gap between intermediate nodes which are neighbors increases, the surface plot of the group of second segments which are connected to these intermediate nodes, approaches the base wall, and when the gap between the neighboring intermediate nodes decreases, the plot su perficiel of the group of second segments which are connected to these intermediate nodes, moves away from the base wall.
[0008] Ainsi, la garniture surfacique de l’invention est constituée d’une structure qui est essentiellement creuse. Son poids peut donc être particulièrement réduit. En outre, son épaisseur peut être faible, inférieure à cinq centimètres, voire inférieure à deux centimètres, par exemple. Enfin, une telle garniture surfacique peut être aisément fabriquée par un procédé de production par addition de matière, tel qu’un procédé d’impression tridimensionnelle. Alternativement, elle peut être fabriquée par moulage de parties de la structure en nappe, puis assemblage des parties moulées entre elles. [0008] Thus, the surface lining of the invention consists of a structure which is essentially hollow. Its weight can therefore be particularly reduced. In addition, his thickness may be small, less than five centimeters, or even less than two centimeters, for example. Finally, such a surface lining can be easily manufactured by a production process by adding material, such as a three-dimensional printing process. Alternatively, it can be manufactured by molding parts of the sheet structure, then assembling the molded parts together.
[0009] Dans des premières réalisations possibles de l’invention, chaque plot de base peut être adapté pour connecter plusieurs premiers segments à la paroi de base, de façon répartie angulairement autour d’une direction qui est perpendiculaire à la nappe en passant par le plot de base. Alors, deux plots de base quelconques qui sont voisins sont connectés par deux des premiers segments à un même des nœuds intermédiaires, ce nœud intermédiaire variant entre des paires différentes de plots de base voisins. In the first possible embodiments of the invention, each base pad can be adapted to connect several first segments to the base wall, so distributed angularly about a direction which is perpendicular to the web passing through the base plot. Then, any two base pads which are neighboring are connected by two of the first segments to one and the same of the intermediate nodes, this intermediate node varying between different pairs of neighboring base pads.
[0010] Dans des secondes réalisations possibles de l’invention, chaque plot de base peut être adapté pour connecter rigidement un des premiers segments à la paroi de base, de sorte que ce premier segment reste perpendiculaire à la paroi de base à l’endroit du plot de base. [0010] In second possible embodiments of the invention, each base pad can be adapted to rigidly connect one of the first segments to the base wall, so that this first segment remains perpendicular to the base wall at the location of the base block.
[0011] De préférence, pour augmenter l’efficacité d’atténuation acoustique, chaque premier segment qui connecte un des plots de base à un des nœuds intermédiaires peut être plus long que chaque second segment qui connecte un des nœuds intermédiaires à un des plots superficiels. [0011] Preferably, to increase the acoustic attenuation efficiency, each first segment which connects one of the base pads to one of the intermediate nodes can be longer than each second segment which connects one of the intermediate nodes to one of the surface pads. .
[0012] Dans des modes préférés de réalisation de l’invention, l’une au moins des caractéristiques additionnelles suivantes peut être reproduite optionnellement, seule ou en combinaison de plusieurs d’entre elles : [0012] In preferred embodiments of the invention, at least one of the following additional characteristics can be optionally reproduced, alone or in combination of several of them:
- les plots de base peuvent être répartis selon un premier réseau triangulaire équilatéral, les nœuds intermédiaires selon un second réseau triangulaire équilatéral, et les plots superficiels selon un troisième réseau hexagonal. Dans ce cas, les second et troisième réseaux triangulaires équilatéraux peuvent être décalés l’un par rapport à l’autre, parallèlement à la nappe, de façon à former en superposition selon une direction qui est perpendiculaire à la nappe, un réseau hexagonal régulier. Le premier réseau triangulaire peut alors être superposé au second réseau triangulaire ou au troisième réseau triangulaire selon la direction perpendiculaire à la nappe ; - The base pads can be distributed according to a first equilateral triangular network, the intermediate nodes according to a second equilateral triangular network, and the surface pads according to a third hexagonal network. In this case, the second and third equilateral triangular networks can be offset from each other, parallel to the web, so as to superimpose in a direction which is perpendicular to the web, a regular hexagonal network. The first triangular network can then be superimposed on the second triangular network or on the third triangular network in the direction perpendicular to the web;
- au sein de chaque plot superficiel, la partie mobile peut être reliée à partie de fixation par une tige qui est orientée perpendiculairement à la nappe, et qui est adaptée pour se déformer par flexion. Alternativement, la partie mobile de chaque plot superficiel peut être pourvue d’une extension rigide en forme de cou qui supporte un plateau orienté parallèlement à la nappe. Dans ce dernier cas, la partie de fixation du plot superficiel peut être pourvue d’une ouverture qui est parallèle à la nappe et qui est traversée par le cou, l’ouverture possédant des dimensions qui sont intermédiaires entre celles de section transversale du cou et celles du plateau mesurées parallèlement à la nappe ; - within each surface stud, the mobile part can be connected to part of fixing by a rod which is oriented perpendicular to the sheet, and which is adapted to be deformed by bending. Alternatively, the movable part of each surface stud can be provided with a rigid extension in the form of a neck which supports a plate oriented parallel to the web. In the latter case, the fixing part of the surface stud may be provided with an opening which is parallel to the web and which is crossed by the neck, the opening having dimensions which are intermediate between those of the cross section of the neck and those of the plateau measured parallel to the water table;
- les plots de base d’une part, et les plots superficiels d’autre part, peuvent être répartis avec des densités moyennes respectives qui sont comprises entre un plot par 4 cm2 et un plot par 225 cm2, ces densités étant mesurées parallèlement à la nappe ; et - the base studs on the one hand, and the surface studs on the other hand, can be distributed with respective average densities which are between one stud per 4 cm 2 and one stud per 225 cm 2 , these densities being measured in parallel to the tablecloth; and
- la garniture peut comprendre en outre la paroi superficielle sur laquelle sont fixées les parties de fixation des plots superficiels. Dans ce cas, cette paroi superficielle peut comporter des ouvertures qui sont adaptées pour former chacune un passage pour un fluide, notamment pour de l’air ou de l’eau, entre deux côtés opposés de la paroi superficielle. Avantageusement, ces ouvertures peuvent avoir des tailles et/ou des formes et/ou des positions dans la paroi superficielle qui sont irrégulières ou aléatoires. - The lining may further include the surface wall on which are fixed the fixing parts of the surface studs. In this case, this surface wall may include openings which are each adapted to form a passage for a fluid, in particular for air or water, between two opposite sides of the surface wall. Advantageously, these openings can have sizes and / or shapes and / or positions in the surface wall which are irregular or random.
[0013] Selon une constitution possible de la structure en nappe, avantageuse pour en simplifier la fabrication, les premiers segments peuvent être continus de matière avec les plots de base et avec des parties de base des nœuds intermédiaires, pour constituer ensemble un premier treillis qui est déformable par pliage au niveau de chaque connexion entre l’un des premiers segments et l’un des plots de base, et au niveau de chaque connexion entre l’un des premiers segments et l’une des parties de base de nœuds intermédiaires. De même, les seconds segments peuvent être continus de matière avec des parties de base des parties mobiles des plots superficiels et avec des parties de sommet des nœuds intermédiaires, pour constituer ensemble un deuxième treillis qui est déformable par pliage au niveau de chaque connexion entre l’un des seconds segments et l’une des parties de base de parties mobiles de plots superficiels, et au niveau de chaque connexion entre l’un des seconds segments et l’une des parties de sommet de nœuds intermédiaires. Alors, les parties de base des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont contenues dans le premier treillis peuvent être connectées une-à-une rigidement aux parties de sommet des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont contenues dans le deuxième treillis. Pour une telle constitution de la structure en nappe, les parties de fixation des plots superficiels peuvent être connectées par ailleurs entre elles par des liaisons de façon à former un troisième treillis qui est destiné à être fixé sur la paroi superficielle, ou de façon à former la paroi superficielle. According to a possible constitution of the sheet structure, advantageous to simplify its manufacture, the first segments can be continuous in material with the base pads and with base parts of the intermediate nodes, to together constitute a first lattice which is deformable by folding at the level of each connection between one of the first segments and one of the base pads, and at the level of each connection between one of the first segments and one of the base parts of intermediate nodes. Likewise, the second segments can be continuous in material with base parts of the mobile parts of the surface studs and with top parts of the intermediate nodes, to together constitute a second lattice which is deformable by folding at the level of each connection between the lattice. 'one of the second segments and one of the base parts of movable parts of surface pads, and at each connection between one of the second segments and one of the top parts of intermediate nodes. Then, the base parts of the intermediate nodes which are contained in the first lattice can be rigidly connected one-to-one with the top parts of the intermediate nodes which are contained in the second lattice. For such a constitution of the sheet structure, the fixing parts of the surface studs can also be connected to one another by links so as to form a third mesh which is intended to be fixed to the surface wall, or so as to form the surface wall.
[0014] Enfin, pour obtenir une atténuation acoustique qui est renforcée, la garniture peut comprendre deux structures en nappes chacune conforme à l’invention , qui sont superposées. Alors, la paroi superficielle de celles des deux structures en nappes qui est contigüe à la paroi de base fait fonction de paroi de base pour l’autre structure en nappe. Dans ce cas, la garniture comprend en outre une seconde structure en nappe déformable, qui est disposée d’un côté de la paroi superficielle opposée à la première structure en nappe déformable, et qui comprend : [0014] Finally, to obtain acoustic attenuation which is reinforced, the lining may comprise two sheet structures each according to the invention, which are superimposed. Then, the surface wall of those of the two sheet structures which is contiguous with the base wall acts as the base wall for the other sheet structure. In this case, the lining further comprises a second deformable sheet structure, which is disposed on one side of the surface wall opposite the first deformable sheet structure, and which comprises:
- un second ensemble de plots de base fixés sur la paroi superficielle, à des emplacements qui sont répartis régulièrement sur la paroi superficielle ; a second set of base studs fixed on the surface wall, at locations which are distributed regularly on the surface wall;
- un second ensemble de plots superficiels, comprenant chacun une partie de fixation destinée à être fixée à une seconde paroi superficielle, et une partie mobile, qui sont connectées l’une à l’autre de façon à permettre des déplacements de la partie mobile par rapport à la partie de fixation parallèlement à la nappe de seconde structure en nappe ; - a second set of surface studs, each comprising a fixing part intended to be fixed to a second surface wall, and a movable part, which are connected to one another so as to allow movements of the movable part by relative to the attachment portion parallel to the ply of the second ply structure;
- un second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires ; - a second set of intermediate nodes;
- un second ensemble de premiers segments rigides et identiques, chaque premier segment du second ensemble de premiers segments s’étendant à partir de l’un des plots de base du second ensemble de plots de base, jusqu’à un des nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires, de sorte que tous les nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires soient maintenus à distance de la paroi superficielle, et de sorte que les premiers segments du second ensemble de premiers segments produisent une augmentation d’un écart entre deux nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires, qui sont voisins dans une zone où la paroi superficielle est déformée pour augmenter sa convexité, et produisent une diminution de cet écart lorsque la paroi superficielle est déformée pour augmenter sa concavité dans la zone ; - a second set of first rigid and identical segments, each first segment of the second set of first segments extending from one of the base pads of the second set of base pads, to one of the intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes, so that all intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes are kept away from the surface wall, and so that the first segments of the second set of first segments produce an increase in a gap between two nodes intermediates of the second set of intermediate nodes, which are neighbors in an area where the surface wall is deformed to increase its convexity, and produce a decrease in this gap when the surface wall is deformed to increase its concavity in the area;
- un second ensemble de seconds segments rigides et identiques, ces seconds segments étant répartis en seconds groupes de sorte que les seconds segments d’un même second groupe connectent des nœuds intermédiaires voisins du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires à la partie mobile d’un même plot superficiel du second ensemble de plots superficiels, qui est dédié au second groupe, chaque second segment du second ensemble de seconds segments étant connecté d’une part à l’un des nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires de façon à former une troisième liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe avec chaque premier segment du second ensemble de premiers segments qui s’étend jusqu’à ce nœud intermédiaire, et connecté d’autre part à la partie mobile de l’un des plots superficiels du second ensemble de plots superficiels de façon à former avec cette partie mobile du plot superficiel, une quatrième liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe, de sorte que lorsque l’écart entre des nœuds intermédiaires du second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins, augmente, le plot superficiel du second groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés à ces nœuds intermédiaires, se rapproche de la paroi superficielle, et lorsque l’écart entre les nœuds intermédiaires voisins diminue, le plot superficiel du second groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés à ces nœuds intermédiaires, s’éloigne de la paroi superficielle ; - a second set of second rigid and identical segments, these second segments being divided into second groups so that the second segments of the same second group connect neighboring intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes to the mobile part of the same surface stud of the second set of surface studs, which is dedicated to the second group, each second segment of the second set of second segments being connected on the one hand to one of the intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes so as to form a third rotary link with an axis parallel to the web with each first segment of the second set of first segments which extends to this intermediate node, and connected on the other hand to the mobile part of one of the surface studs of the second set of surface studs so as to form with this movable part of the surface stud, a fourth rotary link with an axis parallel to the web, so that when the gap between intermediate nodes of the second set of intermediate nodes which are neighbors, increases, the surface plot of the second group of second segments which are connected to these intermediate nodes, approaches the surface wall ielle, and when the gap between the neighboring intermediate nodes decreases, the surface stud of the second group of second segments which are connected to these intermediate nodes, moves away from the surface wall;
- optionnellement, une seconde paroi superficielle, sur laquelle sont fixées les parties de fixation des plots superficiels du second ensemble de plots superficiels. - Optionally, a second surface wall, on which are fixed the fixing parts of the surface studs of the second set of surface studs.
[0015] Un deuxième aspect de l’invention propose un procédé d’atténuation d’une émission acoustique qui est provoquée par une déformation en flexion d’une paroi de base. Ce procédé comprend une étape de fixation sur la paroi de base, d’une garniture surfacique qui est conforme au premier aspect de l’invention. En outre, lorsque la garniture surfacique ne comprend ou n’incorpore pas initialement la paroi superficielle, le procédé peut comprendre aussi une étape de fixation de la paroi superficielle sur la structure en nappe, le cas échéant sur les parties de fixation des plots superficiels de la structure en nappe. [0015] A second aspect of the invention provides a method of attenuating an acoustic emission which is caused by a bending deformation of a base wall. This method comprises a step of fixing to the base wall, a surface lining which conforms to the first aspect of the invention. In addition, when the surface lining does not initially include or incorporate the surface wall, the method can also include a step of fixing the surface wall on the sheet structure, where appropriate on the fixing parts of the surface studs. the tablecloth structure.
[0016] Enfin, un troisième aspect de l’invention propose un engin ou une installation qui est susceptible de produire une émission acoustique par déformation en flexion d’une paroi de cet engin ou installation, cette paroi étant munie d’une garniture surfacique conforme au premier aspect de l’invention, et faisant fonction de paroi de base pour cette garniture. Un tel engin ou installation peut être une portion d’un mur d’isolation phonique, notamment une portion d’un mur routier d’isolation phonique, une cloison de salle de concert ou d'entraînement musical, une cloison d’un compartiment à moteur ou de traitement aéraulique, une canalisation, un aéronef, un navire ou un sous-marin. Dans le cas d’un aéronef, la paroi concernée de l’engin peut être une portion d’une structure de l’aéronef, une portion de plancher de l’aéronef ou un panneau d’habillage intérieur d’une cabine de l’aéronef. Dans le cas d’un navire ou d’un sous-marin, la paroi concernée de l’engin peut être une portion de coque du navire ou du sous-marin, une portion de plancher ou une cloison du navire ou du sous-marin. Finally, a third aspect of the invention provides a device or an installation which is capable of producing an acoustic emission by bending deformation of a wall of this device or installation, this wall being provided with a surface lining in accordance with to the first aspect of the invention, and acting as a base wall for this lining. Such a device or installation can be a portion of a soundproofing wall, in particular a portion of a soundproofing road wall, a bathroom partition. concert or musical training, a partition of an engine compartment or aeraulic treatment, a pipe, an aircraft, a ship or a submarine. In the case of an aircraft, the relevant wall of the vehicle may be a portion of a structure of the aircraft, a portion of the floor of the aircraft or an interior trim panel of a cabin of the aircraft. aircraft. In the case of a ship or a submarine, the relevant wall of the craft may be a portion of the hull of the ship or of the submarine, a portion of the floor or a bulkhead of the ship or submarine .
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
[0017] Les caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement dans la description détaillée ci-après d’exemples de réalisation non-limitatifs, en référence aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles : The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly in the detailed description below of non-limiting embodiments, with reference to the appended figures, among which:
[Fig. 1a] est une section transversale d’une garniture surfacique conforme à l’invention, selon une première configuration possible ; [Fig. 1a] is a cross section of a surface lining according to the invention, according to a first possible configuration;
[Fig. 1 b] correspond à [Fig. 1a] pour une seconde configuration possible ; [Fig. 1 b] corresponds to [Fig. 1a] for a second possible configuration;
[Fig. 2] est une vue en perspective d’une variante possible pour la garniture surfacique de [Fig. 1 a] ; [Fig. 2] is a perspective view of a possible variant for the surface lining of [Fig. 1 a];
[Fig. 3] est une section transversale qui illustre une constitution possible d’une garniture surfacique conforme à l’invention ; [Fig. 3] is a cross section which illustrates a possible constitution of a surface lining according to the invention;
[Fig. 4a] est un agrandissement de section transversale pour une partie d’une garniture surfacique qui est conforme à l’invention, selon un premier mode de réalisation de cette partie de garniture ; [Fig. 4a] is an enlargement of the cross section for a part of a surface lining which is in accordance with the invention, according to a first embodiment of this lining part;
[Fig. 4b] correspond à [Fig. 4a] pour une second mode de réalisation de la partie de garniture surfacique ; [Fig. 4b] corresponds to [Fig. 4a] for a second embodiment of the surface lining part;
[Fig. 5] est une vue en perspective d’une paroi superficielle pouvant être utilisée pour une garniture surfacique conforme à l’invention ; [Fig. 5] is a perspective view of a surface wall which can be used for a surface lining according to the invention;
[Fig. 6] illustre un perfectionnement de l’invention ; et [Fig. 6] illustrates a refinement of the invention; and
[Fig. 7] correspond à [Fig. 1a] pour d’autres constitutions possibles de garnitures surfaciques conformes à l’invention. [Fig. 7] corresponds to [Fig. 1a] for other possible constructions of surface linings according to the invention.
Description détaillée de l’invention [0018] Pour raison de clarté, les dimensions des éléments qui sont représentés dans ces figures ne correspondent ni à des dimensions réelles, ni à des rapports de dimensions réels. En outre, des références identiques qui sont indiquées dans des figures différentes désignent des éléments identiques ou qui ont des fonctions identiques. Detailed description of the invention For the sake of clarity, the dimensions of the elements which are shown in these figures do not correspond to actual dimensions, nor to actual dimensional ratios. In addition, identical references which are indicated in different figures designate identical elements or which have identical functions.
[0019] Dans les figures, la référence 100 désigne une garniture surfacique à appliquer sur une paroi de base 101 , d’un côté de cette paroi qui est en contact avec un milieu dans lequel une onde acoustique non-désirée est susceptible de se propager. La garniture surfacique 100 comprend une structure en nappe, qui est déformable et, selon les applications, elle peut inclure ou non une paroi superficielle souple 102, étant entendu que lorsque cette paroi superficielle 102 n’est pas initialement incluse dans la garniture 100, elle doit être ajoutée ultérieurement à la structure en nappe déformable pour obtenir la fonction d’atténuation acoustique. En liaison avec la nomenclature utilisée dans la partie générale de la présente description, les références indiquées dans les figures ont les significations suivantes : In the figures, the reference 100 designates a surface lining to be applied to a base wall 101, on one side of this wall which is in contact with a medium in which an unwanted acoustic wave is liable to propagate . The surface lining 100 comprises a sheet structure, which is deformable and, depending on the applications, it may or may not include a flexible surface wall 102, it being understood that when this surface wall 102 is not initially included in the lining 100, it must be added later to the deformable sheet structure to obtain the sound attenuation function. In conjunction with the nomenclature used in the general part of the present description, the references indicated in the figures have the following meanings:
110 : engin ou installation, dont une paroi est munie de la garniture surfacique 100, et fait office de paroi de base 101 ; 110: device or installation, one wall of which is provided with the surface lining 100, and acts as the base wall 101;
1 : plot de base, qui est destiné à être fixé, par exemple par collage ou thermo-soudure, à la paroi de base 101 ; 1: base pad, which is intended to be fixed, for example by gluing or heat-welding, to the base wall 101;
2 : plot superficiel ; 2: surface plot;
22 : partie de fixation d’un plot superficiel 2, qui est destinée à être fixée, par exemple par collage ou thermo-soudure, à la paroi superficielle 102 ; 22: fixing part of a surface stud 2, which is intended to be fixed, for example by gluing or heat-welding, to the surface wall 102;
21 : partie mobile d’un plot superficiel 2, qui est assemblée avec une partie de fixation 22 de sorte que cette partie mobile puisse se déplacer librement ou quasi-librement par rapport à la partie de fixation selon des translations qui sont parallèles à la paroi superficielle 102 ; 21: movable part of a surface stud 2, which is assembled with a fixing part 22 so that this movable part can move freely or almost freely with respect to the fixing part according to translations which are parallel to the wall superficial 102;
23 : tige de flexion, qui relie la partie mobile 21 à la partie de fixation 22 dans chaque plot superficiel 2 pour le mode de réalisation de [Fig. 4a] ; 23: flexion rod, which connects the movable part 21 to the fixing part 22 in each surface stud 2 for the embodiment of [Fig. 4a];
21a ; 21 b : partie de base et partie glissante, respectivement, de chaque partie mobile 21 pour le mode de réalisation de [Fig. 4b] ; 21a; 21 b: base part and sliding part, respectively, of each movable part 21 for the embodiment of [Fig. 4b];
24, 25 : extension et plateau, respectivement de chaque partie glissante 21 b pour le mode de réalisation de [Fig. 4b] ; 24, 25: extension and plate, respectively of each sliding part 21 b for the embodiment of [Fig. 4b];
27 : liaison connectant plusieurs parties de fixation 22 de plots superficiels 2 ; 3 : nœud intermédiaire ; 27: link connecting several fixing parts 22 of surface studs 2; 3: intermediate knot;
3a, 3b : partie de base et partie de sommet, respectivement, de chaque nœud intermédiaire 3 pour la constitution de la structure en nappe 100 de [Fig. 3] ; 3a, 3b: base part and top part, respectively, of each intermediate node 3 for the constitution of the sheet structure 100 of [Fig. 3];
4 : premiers segments rigides, identiques les uns aux autres ; 4: first rigid segments, identical to each other;
5 : seconds segments rigides, identiques les uns aux autres ; 5: second rigid segments, identical to each other;
40, 50, 60 : premier, deuxième et troisième treillis, respectivement ; et 40, 50, 60: first, second and third trellis, respectively; and
102o : ouverture dans la paroi superficielle 102. 102o: opening in the surface wall 102.
[0020] L’engin 110 peut être un sous-marin, à titre d’exemple non-limitatif. Dans ce cas, la paroi de base 101 peut être constituée par une partie au moins d’une coque du sous- marin. La garniture surfacique 100 est alors appliquée sur la face externe de la coque, pour que la paroi superficielle 102 soit en contact avec l’eau externe au sous-marin. [0020] The machine 110 can be a submarine, by way of non-limiting example. In this case, the base wall 101 may be formed by at least part of a hull of the submarine. The surface lining 100 is then applied to the external face of the hull, so that the surface wall 102 is in contact with the water external to the submarine.
[0021] De façon générale, la paroi superficielle 102 est portée par les plots superficiels 2 à distance de la paroi de base 101. Elle présente un compromis de souplesse et de rigidité qui est adapté pour que cette paroi superficielle 102 suive localement les déplacements des plots superficiels 2 perpendiculairement à la paroi de base 101 , aux endroits de fixation des plots superficiels 2 sur la paroi superficielle 102, mais aussi pour suivre ces déplacements entre les endroits des plots superficiels 2, par effet d’entraînement. Par exemple, la paroi superficielle 102 peut être une feuille mince métallique, d’épaisseur inférieure à 0,3 mm (millimètre). In general, the surface wall 102 is carried by the surface studs 2 at a distance from the base wall 101. It presents a compromise of flexibility and rigidity which is adapted so that this surface wall 102 locally follows the movements of the surface studs 2 perpendicular to the base wall 101, at the fixing locations of the surface studs 2 on the surface wall 102, but also to follow these displacements between the locations of the surface studs 2, by a ripple effect. For example, the surface wall 102 may be a thin metal foil, less than 0.3 mm (millimeter) thick.
[0022] La paroi de base 101 est susceptible de transmettre des ondes acoustiques au milieu extérieur, l’eau de mer dans le cas de la coque d’un sous-marin, par des vibrations en flexion de cette paroi de base. Ainsi, elle devient localement plus convexe dans certaines zones, alors qu’elle devient localement plus concave dans des zones voisines, comme représenté dans [Fig. 1a] et [Fig. 1 b]. Au cours des vibrations de la paroi de base 101 , les zones de convexité et de concavité accrues sont échangées. De façon générale dans la présente description, les termes convexe et concave sont à comprendre algébriquement et relativement par rapport à une forme de référence de la paroi de base 101 : convexe signifiant que la paroi de base est à un instant donné au cours de la vibration plus convexe que sa forme de référence, et concave signifiant à l’inverse que la paroi de base est à un instant donné moins convexe que la forme de référence. [0023] Chaque premier segment 4 est issu d’un plot de base 1 , et les plots de base 1 sont tels que l'orientation de chaque premier segment 4 par rapport à la paroi de base 101 est constante, ou sensiblement constante. Autrement dit, lorsque les plots de base 1 sont fixés sur la paroi de base 101 , l’orientation de chaque premier segment 4 par rapport à la paroi de base 101 à l’endroit du plot de base correspondant n’est pas destinée à varier, au moins au premier ordre. La référence D dans [Fig. 1a] et [Fig. 1 b] désigne une direction qui est perpendiculaire localement à la paroi de base 101. Du fait de la courbure variable de la paroi de base 101 , cette direction D varie spatialement et temporellement, mais en chaque endroit de la paroi de base 101 , les premiers segments 4 ont une orientation relative qui est constante par rapport à la direction D. Pour la configuration de [Fig. 1a], les premiers segments 4 qui sont issus de plots de base 1 voisins sont connectés entre eux par leurs extrémités opposées à la paroi de base 101 , aux nœuds intermédiaires 3. Ils forment ainsi deux-à-deux des triangles isocèles rigides avec la paroi de base 101 comme base de ces triangles isocèles. Bien que cette présentation soit faite dans un plan de section qui est perpendiculaire à la paroi de base 101 , elle reste valable en trois dimensions comme décrit plus loin en référence à [Fig. 2]. Pour la configuration de [Fig. 1 b], chaque premier segment 4 reste en permanence parallèle à la direction D, telle qu’existant à l’endroit de ce premier segment. Tous les premiers segments 4 ont une même longueur, qui peut être comprise entre quelques millimètres et quelques centimètres. Les extrémités des premiers segments 4 qui sont opposées aux plots de base 101 aboutissent aux nœuds intermédiaires 3. [0022] The base wall 101 is capable of transmitting acoustic waves to the external environment, sea water in the case of the hull of a submarine, by bending vibrations of this base wall. Thus, it becomes locally more convex in certain areas, while it becomes locally more concave in neighboring areas, as shown in [Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1 b]. During the vibrations of the base wall 101, the areas of increased convexity and concavity are exchanged. Generally in the present description, the terms convex and concave are to be understood algebraically and relatively with respect to a reference shape of the base wall 101: convex meaning that the base wall is at a given time during the vibration more convex than its reference shape, and concave meaning conversely that the base wall is at a given moment less convex than the reference shape. Each first segment 4 comes from a base pad 1, and the base pads 1 are such that the orientation of each first segment 4 relative to the base wall 101 is constant, or substantially constant. In other words, when the base studs 1 are fixed to the base wall 101, the orientation of each first segment 4 relative to the base wall 101 at the location of the corresponding base stud is not intended to vary. , at least at first order. The reference D in [Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1 b] denotes a direction which is locally perpendicular to the base wall 101. Due to the variable curvature of the base wall 101, this direction D varies spatially and temporally, but at each location of the base wall 101, the first segments 4 have a relative orientation which is constant with respect to direction D. For the configuration of [Fig. 1a], the first segments 4 which come from neighboring base pads 1 are connected to each other by their opposite ends to the base wall 101, to the intermediate nodes 3. They thus form two-by-two rigid isosceles triangles with the base wall 101 as the base of these isosceles triangles. Although this presentation is made in a section plane which is perpendicular to the base wall 101, it remains valid in three dimensions as described later with reference to [Fig. 2]. For the configuration of [Fig. 1 b], each first segment 4 remains permanently parallel to the direction D, as it exists at the location of this first segment. All the first segments 4 have the same length, which can be between a few millimeters and a few centimeters. The ends of the first segments 4 which are opposite the base pads 101 end at the intermediate nodes 3.
[0024] Ainsi, lorsque la paroi de base 101 se déforme en flexion pour devenir localement plus convexe dans une zone, les nœuds intermédiaires 3 s’écartent entre nœuds voisins dans cette zone, comme cela apparaît aux deux côtés gauche et droit de [Fig. 1a] et [Fig. 1 b]. A l’inverse, lorsque la paroi de base 101 se déforme en flexion pour devenir localement plus concave dans une zone, les nœuds intermédiaires 3 se rapprochent entre nœuds voisins dans cette zone, comme cela apparaît dans les parties centrales de [Fig. 1a] et [Fig. 1 b]. Thus, when the base wall 101 is deformed in bending to become locally more convex in an area, the intermediate nodes 3 move apart between neighboring nodes in this area, as appears on the two left and right sides of [Fig. . 1a] and [Fig. 1 b]. Conversely, when the base wall 101 deforms in bending to become locally more concave in an area, the intermediate nodes 3 come closer between neighboring nodes in this area, as shown in the central parts of [Fig. 1a] and [Fig. 1 b].
[0025] Des seconds segments 5 relient les nœuds intermédiaires 3 qui sont voisins, avec une première extrémité de chaque second segment 5 qui est connectée à l’un des nœuds intermédiaires 3, et une seconde extrémité de chaque second segment 5 qui est connectée à la seconde extrémité de l’autre second segment par l’intermédiaire d’un des plots superficiels 2. Les connexions aux deux extrémités de chaque second segment 5 ont un degré de liberté de déformation par rotation, et sont conçues pour présenter une faible résistance de déformation. L’axe de déformation par rotation de chaque connexion est localement parallèle à la paroi de base 101 , à l’ordre un. Par exemple, chaque connexion d’extrémité d’un des seconds segments 5 peut être réalisée par un amincissement local ou une languette flexible de liaison. Chaque connexion entre seconds segments qui est opposée aux nœuds intermédiaires 3 est reliée en outre à un plot superficiel 2. Ceux des seconds segments 5 qui aboutissent à un même des plots superficiels 2 forment un groupe de seconds segments, tel qu’introduit dans la partie générale de la présente description. Un tel groupe peut contenir un nombre variable de seconds segments 5, par exemple trois, quatre ou six seconds segments, en fonction de la géométrie tridimensionnelle de la structure en nappe. Ainsi, les premiers segments 4 forment avec les seconds segments 5 des polygones ou des polyèdres déformables, dont les côtés ont des longueurs fixes, et dont les sommets opposés sont les plots de base 1 et les plots superficiels 2, et les sommets intermédiaires sont les nœuds intermédiaires 3. En conséquence, lorsque les nœuds intermédiaires 3 s’écartent les uns des autres dans une zone de la paroi de base 101 , la distance d’espacement entre la paroi de base 101 et les plots superficiels 2 diminue dans cette zone, et à l’inverse, lorsque les nœuds intermédiaires 3 se rapprochent les uns des autres dans une zone de la paroi de base 101 , la distance d’espacement entre la paroi de base 101 et les plots superficiels 2 augmente dans cette zone. Ainsi, une déformation de la paroi de base 101 qui augmente sa convexité à un instant donné est transmise à la paroi superficielle 102 avec une augmentation de convexité qui est réduite par rapport à la paroi de base au même instant. De même, une déformation de la paroi de base 101 qui augmente sa concavité à un instant donné est transmise à la paroi superficielle 102 avec une augmentation de concavité qui est réduite par rapport à la paroi de base au même instant. Les vibrations de la paroi de base 101 en contact avec le milieu extérieur étant remplacées par celles de la paroi superficielle 102, l’émission acoustique qui est produite par ces vibrations dans le milieu extérieur est réduite en amplitude. Second segments 5 connect the intermediate nodes 3 which are neighboring, with a first end of each second segment 5 which is connected to one of the intermediate nodes 3, and a second end of each second segment 5 which is connected to the second end of the other second segment via one of the surface pads 2. The connections at both ends of each second segment 5 have a degree of freedom of deformation by rotation, and are designed to have a low deformation resistance. The axis of deformation by rotation of each connection is locally parallel to the base wall 101, at order one. For example, each end connection of one of the second segments 5 can be made by local thinning or a flexible connecting tab. Each connection between second segments which is opposite to the intermediate nodes 3 is also connected to a surface stud 2. Those of the second segments 5 which end in one and the same of the surface studs 2 form a group of second segments, as introduced in the part general of the present description. Such a group may contain a variable number of second segments 5, for example three, four or six second segments, depending on the three-dimensional geometry of the sheet structure. Thus, the first segments 4 form with the second segments 5 deformable polygons or polyhedra, whose sides have fixed lengths, and whose opposite vertices are the base pads 1 and the surface pads 2, and the intermediate vertices are the intermediate nodes 3. Consequently, when the intermediate nodes 3 move away from each other in an area of the base wall 101, the spacing distance between the base wall 101 and the surface studs 2 decreases in this area, and conversely, when the intermediate nodes 3 approach each other in an area of the base wall 101, the spacing distance between the base wall 101 and the surface studs 2 increases in this area. Thus, a deformation of the base wall 101 which increases its convexity at a given time is transmitted to the surface wall 102 with an increase in convexity which is reduced compared to the base wall at the same time. Likewise, a deformation of the base wall 101 which increases its concavity at a given time is transmitted to the surface wall 102 with an increase in concavity which is reduced compared to the base wall at the same time. The vibrations of the base wall 101 in contact with the external environment being replaced by those of the surface wall 102, the acoustic emission which is produced by these vibrations in the external environment is reduced in amplitude.
[0026] Dans [Fig 1a], [Fig. 1 b], [Fig. 2] et [Fig. 6], la référence R1 désigne la liaison rotative entre un premier segment 4 et un second segment 5 au niveau d’un nœud intermédiaire 3, et la référence R2 désigne la liaison rotative entre un second segment 5 et une partie mobile 21 de plot superficiel 2. Ces liaisons rotatives R1 et R2 ont été appelées première et seconde liaisons rotatives, respectivement, dans la partie générale de la présente description. [0026] In [Fig 1a], [Fig. 1 b], [Fig. 2] and [Fig. 6], the reference R1 designates the rotary link between a first segment 4 and a second segment 5 at a node intermediate 3, and the reference R2 designates the rotary link between a second segment 5 and a movable part 21 of surface stud 2. These rotary links R1 and R2 have been called first and second rotary links, respectively, in the general part of the present document. description.
[0027] La longueur des seconds segments 5 peut être adaptée par rapport à la forme au repos, ou forme de référence, de la paroi de base 101 , et au taux d’atténuation qui est voulu pour l’émission d’onde acoustique. Notamment, lorsque la paroi de base 101 est plane au repos, et que les seconds segments 5 ont des longueurs qui sont égales à celles des premiers segments 4, la structure en nappe qui vient d’être décrite procure localement à la paroi superficielle 102 une courbure qui est opposée à celle de la paroi de base 101. De façon générale, tous les seconds segments 5 ont une même longueur, qui peut aussi être comprise entre quelques millimètres et quelques centimètres. [0027] The length of the second segments 5 can be adapted relative to the shape at rest, or reference shape, of the base wall 101, and to the attenuation rate which is desired for the acoustic wave emission. In particular, when the base wall 101 is flat at rest, and when the second segments 5 have lengths which are equal to those of the first segments 4, the sheet structure which has just been described locally provides the surface wall 102 with a curvature which is opposite to that of the base wall 101. In general, all the second segments 5 have the same length, which can also be between a few millimeters and a few centimeters.
[0028] Avantageusement, la paroi superficielle 102 peut être pourvue d’ouvertures 102o (voir [Fig. 5]), de sorte que le milieu externe puisse remplir l’intervalle entre la paroi de base 101 et la paroi superficielle 102. Alors, l’émission acoustique dans le milieu externe résulte non seulement des déplacements de la paroi superficielle 102, mais aussi de ceux de la paroi de base 101 à travers les ouvertures 102o. Un brouillage acoustique en résulte, qui contribue à l’atténuation. Pour plus d’efficacité du brouillage, les ouvertures 102o peuvent être réparties aléatoirement dans la paroi superficielle 102, et avoir des dimensions respectives aléatoires. Advantageously, the surface wall 102 can be provided with openings 102o (see [Fig. 5]), so that the external medium can fill the gap between the base wall 101 and the surface wall 102. Then, the acoustic emission in the external environment results not only from the displacements of the surface wall 102, but also from those of the base wall 101 through the openings 102o. Acoustic interference results, which contributes to attenuation. For more interference efficiency, the openings 102o can be randomly distributed in the surface wall 102, and have respective random dimensions.
[0029] [Fig. 2] montre un exemple de répartition des plots de base 1 , des plots superficiels 2 et des nœuds intermédiaires 3 parallèlement à la paroi de base 101 , pour la configuration de [Fig. 1a]. Les plots de base 1 forment un réseau triangulaire équilatéral, et les plots superficiels 2 sont superposés aux plots de base 1 selon la direction D. Les nœuds intermédiaires 3 forment alors aussi un réseau triangulaire équilatéral, qui est entrelacé à celui des plots de base 1 dans une projection des réseaux sur la paroi de base 101. L’Homme du métier saura transférer une telle géométrie tridimensionnelle à symétrie axiale d’ordre trois à la configuration de [Fig. 1 b]. Dans cette autre configuration, les nœuds intermédiaires 3 forment un réseau triangulaire équilatéral qui est superposé à celui des plots de base 1 selon la direction D, et les plots superficiels 2 forment un autre réseau triangulaire équilatéral qui est entrelacé à celui des plots de base 1 dans une projection des réseaux sur la paroi de base 101. D’autres géométries tridimensionnelles peuvent être adoptées alternativement, notamment à symétrie axiale d’ordre quatre. [0029] [Fig. 2] shows an example of the distribution of the base studs 1, the surface studs 2 and the intermediate nodes 3 parallel to the base wall 101, for the configuration of [Fig. 1a]. The base pads 1 form an equilateral triangular network, and the surface pads 2 are superimposed on the base pads 1 in direction D. The intermediate nodes 3 then also form an equilateral triangular network, which is interlaced with that of the base pads 1 in a projection of the networks on the base wall 101. Those skilled in the art will be able to transfer such a three-dimensional geometry with axial symmetry of order three to the configuration of [Fig. 1 b]. In this other configuration, the intermediate nodes 3 form an equilateral triangular network which is superimposed on that of the base pads 1 in direction D, and the surface pads 2 form another equilateral triangular network which is interlaced with that of the base pads 1 in projection of the gratings onto the base wall 101. Other three-dimensional geometries can be adopted alternately, in particular with axial symmetry of order four.
[0030] De telles structures en nappes peuvent être fabriquées par impression tridimensionnelle, couramment désignée par impression 3D. Such sheet structures can be manufactured by three-dimensional printing, commonly referred to as 3D printing.
[0031] [Fig. 3] illustre une composition possible de la structure en nappe, qui facilite d’autres modes de fabrication, notamment par moulage de matériau thermodurcissable. Pour cela, chaque nœud intermédiaire 3 peut être séparé en une partie de base 3a et une partie de sommet 3b. Alors un premier treillis 40 peut être fabriqué, qui regroupe en un réseau continûment connecté les plots de base 1 , les premiers segments 4 et les parties de base 3a des nœuds intermédiaires 3. Ce premier treillis 40 peut être moulé dans une forme générale qui est plane, puis mis en forme par pliage aux deux extrémités de tous les premiers segments 4. De même, chaque partie mobile 21 de plot superficiel 2 peut être séparée en une partie de base 21a et une partie glissante 21 b, en plus de la séparation de chaque plot superficiel 2 en une partie mobile 21 et une partie de fixation 22 comme décrit plus loin en référence à [Fig. 4b]. Alors un deuxième treillis 50 peut être fabriqué, qui regroupe en un autre réseau continûment connecté les parties de sommet 3b de nœuds intermédiaires 3, les seconds segments 5 et les parties de base 21a des parties mobiles 21 de plots superficiels 2. Ce deuxième treillis 50 peut aussi être moulé dans une forme générale plane, puis mis en forme par pliage aux deux extrémités de tous les seconds segments 5. Enfin, un troisième treillis 60 peut être fabriqué, qui regroupe les parties de fixation 22 des plots superficiels 2 en encore un autre réseau continûment connecté, avec des liaisons 27 qui sont intermédiaires entre parties de fixation 22 voisines. La structure en nappe peut alors être constituée en assemblant, par exemple par collage ou thermosoudure, les parties de base 3a de nœuds intermédiaires 3 du premier treillis 40 avec les parties de sommet 3b de nœuds intermédiaires 3 du deuxième treillis 50, et en assemblant les parties de base 21a des parties mobiles 21 de plots superficiels 2 du deuxième treillis 50 avec des parties complémentaires de plots superficiels 2, reliées au troisième treillis 60. Pour cela, chaque partie de base 21a peut être pourvue d’un téton qui est destiné à être inséré définitivement dans un trou de partie glissante correspondante 21 b de partie mobile 21 de plot superficiel 2. [0032] Pour permettre un fonctionnement d’atténuation acoustique, chaque partie mobile 21 d’un plot superficiel 2 doit être mobile par rapport à la partie de fixation 22 du même plot superficiel 2, cette partie de fixation 22 étant fixée rigidement à la paroi superficielle 2. Des mouvements de translation parallèlement à la paroi de base 101 , ou de façon équivalente parallèlement à la paroi superficielle 102, de chaque partie mobile 21 de plot superficiel 2 doivent être possibles. [Fig. 4a] illustre une première façon de réaliser de telles liaisons au sein de chaque plot superficiel 2. Pour cela, la partie mobile 21 de chaque plot superficiel 2 peut être connectée par une tige respective 23 qui est souple en flexion, à la partie de fixation 22 du plot superficiel 2. Un décalage de translation parallèlement à la paroi superficielle 102, entre la partie mobile 21 et la partie de fixation 22, est permis par flexion de la fige 23. Une résistance contre un tel décalage peut être d’autant plus faible, pour augmenter l’efficacité d’atténuation acoustique, que la tige 23 est longue et mince. Pour cela, la partie mobile 21 peut posséder une forme en retrait, par rapport aux extrémités des seconds segments 5 et en direction de la paroi de base 101 , afin de limiter une épaisseur totale de la structure en nappe. [0031] [Fig. 3] illustrates a possible composition of the sheet structure, which facilitates other manufacturing methods, in particular by molding of thermosetting material. For this, each intermediate node 3 can be separated into a base part 3a and a top part 3b. Then a first trellis 40 can be fabricated, which groups together in a continuously connected network the base pads 1, the first segments 4 and the base parts 3a of the intermediate nodes 3. This first trellis 40 can be molded into a general shape which is flat, then shaped by folding at both ends of all the first segments 4. Likewise, each movable part 21 of surface stud 2 can be separated into a base part 21a and a sliding part 21b, in addition to the separation of each surface stud 2 into a movable part 21 and a fixing part 22 as described below with reference to [FIG. 4b]. Then a second trellis 50 can be manufactured, which groups together in another continuously connected network the top parts 3b of intermediate nodes 3, the second segments 5 and the base parts 21a of the mobile parts 21 of surface pads 2. This second trellis 50 can also be molded in a generally planar shape, then shaped by folding at both ends of all the second segments 5. Finally, a third mesh 60 can be manufactured, which combines the fixing parts 22 of the surface studs 2 into one more another continuously connected network, with links 27 which are intermediate between neighboring fixing parts 22. The sheet structure can then be formed by assembling, for example by gluing or heat-sealing, the base parts 3a of intermediate nodes 3 of the first lattice 40 with the top parts 3b of intermediate nodes 3 of the second lattice 50, and by assembling the base parts 21a of the mobile parts 21 of surface studs 2 of the second lattice 50 with complementary parts of surface studs 2, connected to the third lattice 60. For this, each base part 21a can be provided with a stud which is intended to be inserted definitively in a hole of the corresponding sliding part 21 b of the movable part 21 of the surface stud 2. To allow sound attenuation operation, each movable part 21 of a surface stud 2 must be movable relative to the fixing part 22 of the same surface stud 2, this fixing part 22 being rigidly fixed to the wall surface 2. Translational movements parallel to the base wall 101, or in an equivalent manner parallel to the surface wall 102, of each movable part 21 of the surface stud 2 must be possible. [Fig. 4a] illustrates a first way of making such connections within each surface stud 2. For this, the movable part 21 of each surface stud 2 can be connected by a respective rod 23 which is flexible in bending, to the fixing part 22 of the surface stud 2. A translational offset parallel to the surface wall 102, between the movable part 21 and the fixing part 22, is allowed by bending of the pin 23. A resistance against such an offset can be all the more low, to increase the sound attenuation efficiency, that the rod 23 is long and thin. For this, the mobile part 21 may have a shape set back, relative to the ends of the second segments 5 and in the direction of the base wall 101, in order to limit a total thickness of the sheet structure.
[0033] [Fig. 4b] illustre une autre façon de réaliser les liaisons à deux degrés de liberté de translation au sein de chaque plot superficiel 2. Pour cela, chaque second segment 5 est connecté à la partie de base 21a d’une partie mobile 21 de plot superficiel 2 par des liaisons rotatives R2, et la partie de base 21a de partie mobile 21 est associée avec la partie de fixation 22 du même plot superficiel 2 par l’intermédiaire d’une partie glissante 21 b de la partie mobile 21. La partie glissante 21 b procure une liaison de glissement avec la partie de fixation 22. La partie glissante 21 b est rigidement connectée à la partie de base 21 a, et peut comprendre une extension 24 en forme de cou et un plateau 25 qui est porté par l’extension 24. La partie de fixation 22 comporte alors une cavité 22a qui est plus grande latéralement que le plateau 25, et qui possède une profondeur supérieure à l’épaisseur de ce dernier. Elle comporte aussi un étrangement 22b, ou col, qui ferme partiellement la cavité 22a tout en laissant une ouverture 26 plus grande que la section de l’extension 24. Ainsi, lorsque l’ouverture 26 est en outre plus petite latéralement que le plateau 25, seuls des mouvements de translation qui sont parallèles à la paroi superficielle 102 sont possibles pour la partie de base 21a par rapport à la paroi superficielle 102, par glissement du plateau 25 dans la cavité 22a. Eventuellement, l’ensemble des liaisons 27 peut être formée de deux couches superposées 27a et 27b, dont l’une, 27a, forme les cavités 22a, et l’autre 27b, forme les cols 22b. [0033] [Fig. 4b] illustrates another way of making connections with two translation degrees of freedom within each surface stud 2. For this, each second segment 5 is connected to the base part 21a of a mobile part 21 of surface stud 2 by rotary connections R2, and the base part 21a of the movable part 21 is associated with the fixing part 22 of the same surface stud 2 by means of a sliding part 21b of the movable part 21. The sliding part 21 b provides a sliding connection with the fixing part 22. The sliding part 21b is rigidly connected to the base part 21a, and may include a neck-shaped extension 24 and a plate 25 which is carried by the extension 24. The fixing part 22 then comprises a cavity 22a which is larger laterally than the plate 25, and which has a depth greater than the thickness of the latter. It also has a strangely 22b, or neck, which partially closes the cavity 22a while leaving an opening 26 larger than the section of the extension 24. Thus, when the opening 26 is also laterally smaller than the plate 25 , only translational movements which are parallel to the surface wall 102 are possible for the base part 21a relative to the surface wall 102, by sliding the plate 25 in the cavity 22a. Possibly, all the connections 27 can be formed of two superimposed layers 27a and 27b, one of which, 27a, forms the cavities 22a, and the other 27b, forms the necks 22b.
[0034] [Fig. 6] montre un empilement de deux garnitures surfaciques 100 et 100’, qui peuvent être identiques. Les références 1’-5‘ qui sont relatives à la garniture surfacique 100’ correspondent respectivement aux références 1 -5 de la garniture surfacique 100. Les liaisons rotatives R1’ et R2’ de la garniture surfacique 100’ correspondent aux liaisons rotatives R1 et R2 de la garniture surfacique 100, et ont été appelées troisièmes et quatrièmes liaisons rotatives, respectivement, dans la partie générale de la présente description. La paroi superficielle 102, qui est portée par les plots superficiels 2 de la garniture surfacique 100, fait fonction de paroi de base pour la garniture surfacique 100’. La référence 102’ désigne une seconde paroi superficielle déformable, qui est en contact avec le milieu extérieur dans lequel des ondes acoustiques sont susceptibles de se propager, et à laquelle sont fixées des parties de fixation des plots superficiels 2’. Grâce aux déformations cumulées des deux garnitures surfaciques 100 et 100’, une efficacité d’atténuation acoustique qui est supérieure peut ainsi être obtenue. [0034] [Fig. 6] shows a stack of two 100 and 100 ’area gaskets, which may be identical. The references 1'-5 'which relate to the surface lining 100' correspond respectively to the references 1 -5 of the surface lining 100. The rotary connections R1 'and R2' of the surface lining 100 'correspond to the rotary connections R1 and R2 of the surface lining 100, and have been referred to as third and fourth rotary links, respectively, in the general part of the present description. The surface wall 102, which is carried by the surface pads 2 of the surface lining 100, acts as the base wall for the surface lining 100 ’. Reference 102 ’designates a second deformable surface wall, which is in contact with the external environment in which acoustic waves are likely to propagate, and to which are fixed the fixing parts of the surface studs 2’. Thanks to the cumulative deformations of the two surface linings 100 and 100 ’, a higher acoustic attenuation efficiency can thus be obtained.
[0035] Enfin, [Fig. 7] montre un autre type de réalisations de garnitures surfaciques Finally, [Fig. 7] shows another type of realization of surface linings
100 qui sont aussi conformes à l’invention, et pour chacune desquelles la structure en nappe est constituée par une couche d’un matériau orthotrope. Ce matériau possède des plans de glissement PG qui sont parallèles à la paroi de base 101. La paroi superficielle 102 peut être une couche souple qui est collée sur la couche de matériau orthotrope, par exemple une couche à fonction supplémentaire de protection, ou bien être directement formée par une surface de la couche du matériau orthotrope qui est opposée à la paroi de base 101. De façon symbolique, [Fig. 7] montre qu’une déformation de la paroi de base100 which also conform to the invention, and for each of which the sheet structure consists of a layer of an orthotropic material. This material has sliding planes PG which are parallel to the base wall 101. The surface wall 102 may be a flexible layer which is bonded to the layer of orthotropic material, for example a layer with an additional protective function, or else be directly formed by a surface of the layer of orthotropic material which is opposite the base wall 101. Symbolically, [Fig. 7] shows that a deformation of the base wall
101 qui augmente localement sa convexité provoque un amincissement du matériau orthotrope à cet endroit entre deux plans de glissement PG (voir dans les parties gauche et droite de la figure). A l’inverse, une déformation de la paroi de base 101 qui augmente localement sa concavité provoque un épaississement local du matériau orthotrope entre deux plans de glissement PG (voir dans la partie centrale de la figure). L’accumulation de ces variations locales d’épaisseur, selon chaque direction D qui est perpendiculaire localement à la paroi de base 101 , résulte en des variations de courbure pour la paroi superficielle 102 qui sont plus faibles que celles de la paroi de base 101. De cette façon, pour des déformations par flexion de la paroi de base 101 qui sont identiques, l'onde acoustique qui est émise par la paroi superficielle 102 possède une amplitude inférieure à celle qui aurait été émise directement par la paroi de base 101 . 101 which locally increases its convexity causes a thinning of the orthotropic material at this location between two sliding planes PG (see in the left and right parts of the figure). Conversely, a deformation of the base wall 101 which locally increases its concavity causes a local thickening of the orthotropic material between two sliding planes PG (see in the central part of the figure). The accumulation of these local variations in thickness, in each direction D which is locally perpendicular to the base wall 101, results in variations in curvature for the surface wall 102 which are smaller than those of the base wall 101. In this way, for deformations by bending of the base wall 101 which are identical, the acoustic wave which is emitted by the surface wall 102 has an amplitude less than that which would have been emitted directly by the base wall 101.
[0036] Il est entendu que l’invention peut être reproduite en modifiant des aspects secondaires des modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits en détail ci-dessus, tout en conservant certains au moins des avantages cités. Notamment, toutes les valeurs numériques qui ont été citées ne l’ont été qu’à titre d’illustration, et peuvent être changées en fonction de l’application considérée. It is understood that the invention can be reproduced by modifying secondary aspects of the embodiments which have been described in detail above, while retaining at least some of the cited advantages. In particular, all the numerical values which have been cited were only for illustration, and can be changed depending on the application considered.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] Garniture surfacique (100) pour produire une atténuation acoustique, comprenant une structure en nappe déformable qui est destinée à être insérée entre une paroi de base (101 ) qui est susceptible de devenir concave ou convexe dans des zones de ladite paroi de base, et une paroi superficielle (102) souple, en évitant des décollements de la structure en nappe par rapport à la paroi de base, et en évitant aussi des décollements de la paroi superficielle par rapport à la structure en nappe, [Claim 1] Surface trim (100) for producing sound attenuation, comprising a deformable sheet structure which is intended to be inserted between a base wall (101) which is liable to become concave or convex in areas of said wall of base, and a flexible surface wall (102), avoiding detachment of the sheet structure relative to the base wall, and also preventing detachment of the surface wall relative to the sheet structure,
ladite structure en nappe ayant plusieurs directions d’orthotropie, chaque direction d’orthotropie étant associée à au moins une valeur respective de résistance à des cisaillements qui sont perpendiculaires à ladite direction orthotropie, said sheet structure having several directions of orthotropy, each direction of orthotropy being associated with at least one respective value of resistance to shears which are perpendicular to said orthotropy direction,
une des directions d’orthotropie qui est associée à une valeur de résistance aux cisaillements plus faible que la valeur de résistance aux cisaillements d’au moins une autre des directions d’orthotropie, étant orientée perpendiculairement à la structure en nappe, one of the orthotropy directions which is associated with a shear strength value lower than the shear strength value of at least one other of the orthotropy directions, being oriented perpendicular to the sheet structure,
caractérisée en ce que la structure en nappe déformable comprend : characterized in that the deformable sheet structure comprises:
- un ensemble de plots de base (1 ) destinés à être fixés sur la paroi de base (101 ), à des emplacements qui sont répartis régulièrement sur ladite paroi de base ; - a set of base studs (1) intended to be fixed to the base wall (101), at locations which are distributed regularly on said base wall;
- un ensemble de plots superficiels (2), comprenant chacun une partie de fixation (22) destinée à être fixée à la paroi superficielle (102), et une partie mobile (21 ), qui sont connectées l’une à l’autre de façon à permettre des déplacements de la partie mobile par rapport à la partie de fixation parallèlement à la nappe ; - a set of surface studs (2), each comprising a fixing part (22) intended to be fixed to the surface wall (102), and a movable part (21), which are connected to each other by so as to allow movements of the mobile part relative to the fixing part parallel to the web;
- un ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires (3) ; - a set of intermediate nodes (3);
- un ensemble de premiers segments (4) rigides et identiques, chaque premier segment s’étendant à partir de l’un des plots de base (1 ), jusqu’à un des nœuds intermédiaires (3), de sorte que tous les nœuds intermédiaires soient maintenus à distance de la paroi de base (101 ) lorsque les plots de base sont fixés sur ladite paroi de base, et de sorte que les premiers segments produisent une augmentation d’un écart entre deux nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins dans une zone où la paroi de base est déformée pour augmenter une convexité de ladite paroi de base, et produisent une diminution dudit écart lorsque ladite paroi de base est déformée pour augmenter une concavité de ladite paroi de base dans ladite zone ; et - un ensemble de seconds segments (5) rigides et identiques, lesdits seconds segments étant répartis en groupes de sorte que les seconds segments d’un même groupe connectent des nœuds intermédiaires (3) qui sont voisins à la partie mobile (21 ) d’un même plot superficiel (2) qui est dédié audit groupe, chaque second segment étant connecté d’une part à l’un des nœuds intermédiaires de façon à former une première liaison rotative (R1 ) à axe parallèle à la nappe avec chaque premier segment qui s’étend jusqu’audit nœud intermédiaire, et connecté d’autre part à la partie mobile de l’un des plots superficiels de façon à former avec ladite partie mobile du plot superficiel, une seconde liaison rotative (R2) à axe parallèle à la nappe, de sorte que lorsque l’écart entre des nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins augmente, le plot superficiel du groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés auxdits nœuds intermédiaires, se rapproche de la paroi de base (101 ), et lorsque ledit écart entre nœuds intermédiaires voisins diminue, ledit plot superficiel du groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés auxdits nœuds intermédiaires, s’éloigne de la paroi de base. - a set of rigid and identical first segments (4), each first segment extending from one of the base pads (1), to one of the intermediate nodes (3), so that all the nodes intermediates are kept away from the base wall (101) when the base studs are fixed to said base wall, and so that the first segments produce an increase in a gap between two intermediate nodes which are neighboring in an area wherein the base wall is deformed to increase a convexity of said base wall, and produces a decrease in said gap when said base wall is deformed to increase a concavity of said base wall in said area; and - a set of second rigid and identical segments (5), said second segments being divided into groups so that the second segments of the same group connect intermediate nodes (3) which are neighboring to the mobile part (21) of the same surface stud (2) which is dedicated to said group, each second segment being connected on the one hand to one of the intermediate nodes so as to form a first rotary connection (R1) with an axis parallel to the web with each first segment which extends to said intermediate node, and connected on the other hand to the mobile part of one of the surface studs so as to form with said mobile part of the surface stud, a second rotary link (R2) with an axis parallel to the web, so that when the gap between intermediate nodes which are neighboring increases, the surface stud of the group of second segments which are connected to said intermediate nodes, approaches the base wall (101), and when said gap between knots neighboring intermediates decreases, said surface stud of the group of second segments which are connected to said intermediate nodes, moves away from the base wall.
[Revendication 2] Garniture surfacique (100) selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle chaque plot de base (1 ) est adapté pour connecter plusieurs premiers segments (4) à la paroi de base (101 ), de façon répartie angulairement autour d’une direction (D) qui est perpendiculaire à la nappe en passant par le plot de base, et dans laquelle deux plots de base quelconques qui sont voisins sont connectés par deux des premiers segments à un même des nœuds intermédiaires (3), ledit nœud intermédiaire variant entre des paires différentes de plots de base voisins. [Claim 2] A surface lining (100) according to claim 1, in which each base pad (1) is adapted to connect several first segments (4) to the base wall (101), in an angularly distributed manner around a direction (D) which is perpendicular to the web passing through the base pad, and in which any two base pads which are neighboring are connected by two of the first segments to one of the same intermediate nodes (3), said intermediate node varying between different pairs of neighboring base pads.
[Revendication 3] Garniture surfacique (100) selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle chaque plot de base (1 ) est adapté pour connecter rigidement un des premiers segments (4) à la paroi de base (101 ), de sorte que ledit premier segment reste perpendiculaire à ladite paroi de base à l’endroit dudit plot de base. [Claim 3] An area lining (100) according to claim 1, wherein each base pad (1) is adapted to rigidly connect one of the first segments (4) to the base wall (101), so that said first segment remains perpendicular to said base wall at the location of said base stud.
[Revendication 4] Garniture surfacique (100) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle chaque premier segment (4) qui connecte un des plots de base (1 ) à un des nœuds intermédiaires (3) est plus long que chaque second segment (5) qui connecte un des nœuds intermédiaires à un des plots superficiels (2). [Claim 4] A surface trim (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each first segment (4) which connects one of the base pads (1) to one of the intermediate nodes (3) is longer than each second segment (5) which connects one of the intermediate nodes to one of the surface pads (2).
[Revendication 5] Garniture surfacique (100) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle les plots de base (1 ) sont répartis selon un premier réseau triangulaire équilatéral, les nœuds intermédiaires (3) sont répartis selon un second réseau triangulaire équilatéral, et les plots superficiels (2) sont répartis selon un troisième réseau hexagonal, les second et troisième réseaux triangulaires équilatéraux étant décalés l’un par rapport à l’autre, parallèlement à la nappe, de façon à former en superposition selon une direction (D) qui est perpendiculaire à la nappe, un réseau hexagonal régulier, et [Claim 5] Surface lining (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the base pads (1) are distributed according to a first equilateral triangular network, the intermediate nodes (3) are distributed according to a second network triangular equilateral, and the surface pads (2) are distributed according to a third hexagonal network, the second and third equilateral triangular networks being offset with respect to each other, parallel to the sheet, so as to form a superposition according to a direction (D) which is perpendicular to the water table, a regular hexagonal lattice, and
le premier réseau triangulaire étant superposé au second réseau triangulaire ou au troisième réseau triangulaire selon la direction perpendiculaire à la nappe. the first triangular network being superimposed on the second triangular network or on the third triangular network in the direction perpendicular to the web.
[Revendication 6] Garniture surfacique (100) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle, au sein de chaque plot superficiel (2), la partie mobile (21 ) est reliée à partie de fixation (22) par une tige (23) qui est orientée perpendiculairement à la nappe, et qui est adaptée pour se déformer par flexion. [Claim 6] Surface lining (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which, within each surface stud (2), the movable part (21) is connected to the fixing part (22) by a rod (23) which is oriented perpendicular to the web, and which is adapted to be deformed by bending.
[Revendication 7] Garniture surfacique (100) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle, au sein de chaque plot superficiel (2), la partie mobile (21 ) est pourvue d’une extension rigide (24) en forme de cou qui supporte un plateau (25) orienté parallèlement à la nappe, et la partie de fixation (22) est pourvue d’une ouverture (26) qui est parallèle à la nappe et qui est traversée par le cou, et ladite ouverture possède des dimensions qui sont intermédiaires entre des dimensions de section transversale du cou et des dimensions du plateau mesurées parallèlement à la nappe. [Claim 7] Surface lining (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which, within each surface stud (2), the movable part (21) is provided with a rigid extension (24) in neck shape which supports a tray (25) oriented parallel to the web, and the attachment portion (22) is provided with an opening (26) which is parallel to the web and through which the neck passes, and said opening has dimensions which are intermediate between neck cross-sectional dimensions and tray dimensions measured parallel to the web.
[Revendication 8] Garniture surfacique (100) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle les premiers segments (4) sont continus de matière avec les plots de base (1 ) et avec des parties de base (3a) des nœuds intermédiaires (3), et constituent ensemble un premier treillis (40) qui est déformable par pliage au niveau de chaque connexion entre l’un desdits premiers segments et l’un desdits plots de base, et au niveau de chaque connexion entre l’un desdits premiers segments et l’une desdites parties de base de nœuds intermédiaires, [Claim 8] A surface lining (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the first segments (4) are continuous in material with the base pads (1) and with base parts (3a) of the intermediate nodes (3), and together constitute a first trellis (40) which is deformable by folding at the level of each connection between one of said first segments and one of said base pads, and at the level of each connection between the one of said first segments and one of said base parts of intermediate nodes,
et dans laquelle les seconds segments (5) sont continus de matière avec des parties de base (21 a) des parties mobiles (21 ) des plots superficiels (2) et avec des parties de sommet (3b) des nœuds intermédiaires (3), et constituent ensemble un deuxième treillis (50) qui est déformable par pliage au niveau de chaque connexion entre l’un desdits seconds segments et l’une des parties de base de parties mobiles de plots superficiels, et au niveau de chaque connexion entre l’un desdits seconds segments et l’une desdites parties de sommet de nœuds intermédiaires, and in which the second segments (5) are continuous of material with base parts (21 a) of the movable parts (21) of the surface studs (2) and with vertex parts (3b) of the intermediate nodes (3), and together constitute a second mesh (50) which is deformable by folding at each connection between one of said second segments and one of the base parts of movable parts of surface pads, and at each connection between one of said second segments and one of said top parts of intermediate nodes,
les parties de base (3a) des nœuds intermédiaires (3) contenues dans le premier treillis (40) étant connectées une-à-une rigidement aux parties de sommet (3b) des nœuds intermédiaires contenues dans le deuxième treillis (50), the base parts (3a) of the intermediate nodes (3) contained in the first lattice (40) being rigidly connected one by one to the top parts (3b) of the intermediate nodes contained in the second lattice (50),
et dans laquelle les parties de fixation (22) des plots superficiels (2) sont connectées par ailleurs entre elles par des liaisons (27) de façon à former un troisième treillis (60) qui est destiné à être fixé sur la paroi superficielle (102), ou de façon à former ladite paroi superficielle. and in which the fixing parts (22) of the surface studs (2) are furthermore connected to each other by links (27) so as to form a third mesh (60) which is intended to be fixed on the surface wall (102 ), or so as to form said surface wall.
[Revendication 9] Garniture surfacique (100) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant en outre la paroi superficielle (102) sur laquelle sont fixées les parties de fixation (22) des plots superficiels (2). [Claim 9] Surface lining (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising the surface wall (102) on which the fixing parts (22) of the surface pads (2) are fixed.
[Revendication 10] Garniture surfacique (100) selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle la paroi superficielle (102) comporte des ouvertures (102o) qui sont adaptées pour former chacune un passage pour un fluide, notamment pour de l’air ou de l’eau, entre deux côtés opposés de ladite paroi superficielle, les ouvertures pouvant avoir des tailles et/ou des formes et/ou des positions dans ladite paroi superficielle qui sont irrégulières ou aléatoires. [Claim 10] A surface packing (100) according to claim 9, in which the surface wall (102) has openings (102o) which are adapted to each form a passage for a fluid, in particular for air or air. water, between two opposite sides of said surface wall, the openings possibly having sizes and / or shapes and / or positions in said surface wall which are irregular or random.
[Revendication 11] Garniture surfacique (100) selon la revendication 9 ou 10, comprenant en outre une seconde structure en nappe déformable, ladite seconde structure en nappe déformable étant disposée d’un côté de la paroi superficielle (102) opposée à ladite structure en nappe déformable, et comprenant : [Claim 11] A surface packing (100) according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising a second deformable sheet structure, said second deformable sheet structure being disposed on one side of the surface wall (102) opposite said structure. deformable sheet, and comprising:
- un second ensemble de plots de base (1’) fixés sur la paroi superficielle (102), à des emplacements qui sont répartis régulièrement sur ladite paroi superficielle ; - a second set of base studs (1 ') fixed to the surface wall (102), at locations which are distributed regularly on said surface wall;
- un second ensemble de plots superficiels (2’), comprenant chacun une partie de fixation destinée à être fixée à une seconde paroi superficielle (102’), et une partie mobile, qui sont connectées l’une à l’autre de façon à permettre des déplacements de ladite partie mobile par rapport à ladite partie de fixation parallèlement à la nappe de seconde structure en nappe ; - a second set of surface studs (2 '), each comprising a fixing part intended to be fixed to a second surface wall (102'), and a movable part, which are connected to one another so as to allowing movement of said movable part relative to said fixing part parallel to the ply of the second ply structure;
- un second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires (3’) ; - a second set of intermediate nodes (3 ’);
- un second ensemble de premiers segments (4’) rigides et identiques, chaque premier segment dudit second ensemble de premiers segments s'étendant à partir de l’un des plots de base (1’) dudit second ensemble de plots de base, jusqu’à un des nœuds intermédiaires (2’) dudit second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires, de sorte que tous les nœuds intermédiaires dudit second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires soient maintenus à distance de la paroi superficielle (102), et de sorte que les premiers segments dudit second ensemble de premiers segments produisent une augmentation d’un écart entre deux nœuds intermédiaires dudit second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires, qui sont voisins dans une zone où la paroi superficielle est déformée pour augmenter une convexité de ladite paroi superficielle, et produisent une diminution dudit écart lorsque ladite paroi superficielle est déformée pour augmenter une concavité de ladite paroi superficielle dans ladite zone ; - a second set of first rigid and identical segments (4 '), each first segment of said second set of first segments extending from one of the base pads (1 ') of said second set of base pads to one of the intermediate nodes (2') of said second set of intermediate nodes , so that all intermediate nodes of said second set of intermediate nodes are kept away from the surface wall (102), and so that the first segments of said second set of first segments produce an increase in a gap between two intermediate nodes of said second set of intermediate nodes, which are neighboring in an area where the surface wall is deformed to increase a convexity of said surface wall, and produce a decrease in said gap when said surface wall is deformed to increase a concavity of said surface wall in said area;
- un second ensemble de seconds segments (5’) rigides et identiques, lesdits seconds segments étant répartis en seconds groupes de sorte que les seconds segments d’un même second groupe connectent des nœuds intermédiaires (3’) voisins dudit second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires à la partie mobile d’un même plot superficiel (2’) dudit second ensemble de plots superficiels, qui est dédié audit second groupe, chaque second segment dudit second ensemble de seconds segments étant connecté d’une part à l’un des nœuds intermédiaires dudit second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires de façon à former une troisième liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe avec chaque premier segment dudit second ensemble de premiers segments qui s’étend jusqu’audit nœud intermédiaire, et connecté d’autre part à la partie mobile de l’un des plots superficiels dudit second ensemble de plots superficiels de façon à former avec ladite partie mobile du plot superficiel, une quatrième liaison rotative à axe parallèle à la nappe, de sorte que lorsque l’écart entre des nœuds intermédiaires dudit second ensemble de nœuds intermédiaires qui sont voisins, augmente, le plot superficiel (2’) du second groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés auxdits nœuds intermédiaires (3’), se rapproche de la paroi superficielle (102), et lorsque ledit écart entre nœuds intermédiaires voisins diminue, ledit plot superficiel du second groupe de seconds segments qui sont connectés auxdits nœuds intermédiaires, s’éloigne de la paroi superficielle ; et - a second set of second rigid and identical segments (5 '), said second segments being distributed into second groups so that the second segments of the same second group connect intermediate nodes (3') neighboring said second set of intermediate nodes to the mobile part of the same surface stud (2 ') of said second set of surface studs, which is dedicated to said second group, each second segment of said second set of second segments being connected on the one hand to one of the intermediate nodes of said second set of intermediate nodes so as to form a third rotary link with an axis parallel to the web with each first segment of said second set of first segments which extends to said intermediate node, and connected on the other hand to the mobile part of one of the surface studs of said second set of surface studs so as to form with said movable part of the surface stud, a fourth rotary connection with a parallel axis e to the web, so that when the gap between intermediate nodes of said second set of intermediate nodes which are neighboring increases, the surface plot (2 ') of the second group of second segments which are connected to said intermediate nodes (3' ), approaches the surface wall (102), and when said distance between neighboring intermediate nodes decreases, said surface stud of the second group of second segments which are connected to said intermediate nodes, moves away from the surface wall; and
- optionnellement, une seconde paroi superficielle (102’), sur laquelle sont fixées les parties de fixation des plots superficiels (2’) du second ensemble de plots superficiels. - optionally, a second surface wall (102 '), on which are fixed the fixing parts of the surface studs (2') of the second set of surface studs.
[Revendication 12] Procédé d’atténuation d’une émission acoustique qui est provoquée par une déformation en flexion d’une paroi de base (101 ), comprenant une étape de fixation sur ladite paroi de base, d’une garniture surfacique (100) conforme à l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11. [Claim 12] A method of attenuating an acoustic emission which is caused by a bending deformation of a base wall (101), comprising a step of fixing to said base wall, a surface lining (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
[Revendication 13] Engin ou installation (110) susceptible de produire une émission acoustique par déformation en flexion d’une paroi dudit engin ou installation, ladite paroi étant munie d’une garniture surfacique (100) conforme à l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 , et faisant fonction de paroi de base (101 ) pour ladite garniture. [Claim 13] Device or installation (110) capable of producing an acoustic emission by bending deformation of a wall of said device or installation, said wall being provided with a surface lining (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and acting as a base wall (101) for said lining.
[Revendication 14] Engin ou installation (110) selon la revendication 13, sélectionné parmi une portion d’un mur d’isolation phonique, une cloison de salle de concert ou d’entraînement musical, une cloison d’un compartiment à moteur ou de traitement aéraulique, une canalisation, un aéronef, un navire et un sous-marin. [Claim 14] A device or installation (110) according to claim 13, selected from a portion of a soundproofing wall, a partition for a concert hall or musical training, a partition of an engine compartment or aeraulic treatment, a pipeline, an aircraft, a ship and a submarine.
EP20716522.6A 2019-05-03 2020-04-10 Surface trim element for producing an acoustic attenuation Active EP3963571B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1904645A FR3095717B1 (en) 2019-05-03 2019-05-03 SURFACE TRIM TO PRODUCE ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION
PCT/EP2020/060310 WO2020224916A1 (en) 2019-05-03 2020-04-10 Surface trim element for producing an acoustic attenuation

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EP3963571A1 true EP3963571A1 (en) 2022-03-09
EP3963571B1 EP3963571B1 (en) 2023-01-04

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GB2345951A (en) * 1999-01-19 2000-07-26 Draftex Ind Ltd Sound-absorbing structure
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CN113994422A (en) 2022-01-28
FR3095717B1 (en) 2022-04-15
FR3095717A1 (en) 2020-11-06
EP3963571B1 (en) 2023-01-04
WO2020224916A1 (en) 2020-11-12

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