EP3959061A1 - Additive manufacturing of a flat textile product - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing of a flat textile productInfo
- Publication number
- EP3959061A1 EP3959061A1 EP20717641.3A EP20717641A EP3959061A1 EP 3959061 A1 EP3959061 A1 EP 3959061A1 EP 20717641 A EP20717641 A EP 20717641A EP 3959061 A1 EP3959061 A1 EP 3959061A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- product
- textile
- additive manufacturing
- flat
- separating layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyacrylic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVKSDDICLSIALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C(C=CCCCC=CC(=O)N)=O)C Chemical compound CN(C(C=CCCCC=CC(=O)N)=O)C SVKSDDICLSIALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002334 Spandex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
- B29C64/194—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control during lay-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
- D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B39/00—Knitting processes, apparatus or machines not otherwise provided for
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B39/00—Knitting processes, apparatus or machines not otherwise provided for
- D04B39/06—Knitting processes, apparatus or machines not otherwise provided for adapted for combined knitting and weaving
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the additive manufacturing of a textile flat product, as well as to a three-dimensionally printed textile flat product.
- Textile flat products are fiber-containing products which are processed into flat structures using a wide variety of conventional methods.
- the most common manufacturing processes for textile flat products are weaving, knitting and knotting.
- threads and / or yarns are used as the starting material for the production of a flat textile structure. These are then connected to one another using one of the methods mentioned above.
- the fibers or threads of two fiber systems are crossed to form a fabric.
- the fibers are connected to one another by wraps.
- Textile flat products offer the advantage that they are relatively flexible compared to other flat materials, since the fibers are arranged to be movable relative to one another or can be displaced relative to one another.
- a fabric which, as described above, can consist of two fiber systems arranged essentially perpendicular to one another, normally forms a pattern of a large number of square cutouts. Such a fabric is practically inflexible in the direction of one of the two fiber systems, but has an angle of approximately 45 ° to the Fiber systems due to the relative mobility of the individual fibers to each other on a certain flexibility.
- the additive manufacturing of workpieces which is also commonly referred to as 3-D printing, offers quick and inexpensive access to the manufacture of models, prototypes, tools and end products. It is characteristic of additive manufacturing techniques that the material is applied or at least formed layer by layer, thus creating three-dimensional objects.
- SLA stereolithography
- SLS laser sintering
- LBM laser beam melting
- PJM polyjet modeling
- MJM multi-jet modeling
- FDM melt layering
- a disadvantage of the conventional methods described above for manufacturing flat textile products is that the method is severely limited in terms of manufacturing variability, especially in terms of industrial manufacturing. For example, it is not readily possible to produce a textile flat product in which several of the above-mentioned methods are used. For example, it is not possible to produce a combination of knitted fabric and woven fabric. Furthermore, the fibers cannot simply be changed during the process. For example, it would be advantageous if the fibers were to have a different width, diameter, shape, width and / or material composition at predetermined locations.
- a method for the additive manufacturing of a textile flat product which allows three-dimensionally printed textile flat products to be provided with a large number of fiber-shaped structures, at least some of the fiber-shaped structures forming crossovers on which the fiber-shaped structures are arranged to be movable relative to one another and preferably on these are not firmly connected. Structures that are arranged so as to be movable relative to one another therefore do not form any fixed links at the respective crossings.
- a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product is provided which has properties, in particular the flexibility, of a conventionally produced woven, knitted or knitted fabric.
- the general object is achieved by a method for the additive manufacture of a textile flat product with a large number of fibrous structures according to a first aspect of the invention.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps of: creating a three-dimensional model of the preliminary product and additive manufacturing of the preliminary product in accordance with the three-dimensional model of the preliminary product.
- a manufacturing material is applied in layers.
- At least one predetermined crossover position of at least two fibrous structures a separating layer material is applied which can be removed and / or inactivated from the preliminary product.
- the production material is typically applied to a base at the start of additive manufacturing, which as a rule is neither part of the preliminary product nor of the textile flat product. After the additive manufacturing of the preliminary product has taken place, it can be removed from such a base.
- the production material and the separating layer material are applied sequentially, in particular staggered in time.
- the manufacturing material and the release liner material are typically not applied simultaneously.
- a local and / or temporary separation of individual fibrous structures in the preliminary product can thus be achieved with a method according to the invention.
- the separating layer material prevents the layers of the production material from touching, at least during additive manufacturing. This is particularly advantageous during additive manufacturing, since it is prevented locally at the crossover positions that the possibly still flowable or soft manufacturing material of a fibrous structure is cohesively bonded with the manufacturing material of another fibrous structure connects.
- the crossover position can be predetermined, it is thus possible to selectively determine at which points the fibrous structures are immovable with respect to one another and at which points they are to be arranged flexibly, ie movable relative to one another. Consequently, with the aid of the method according to the invention, a flat textile structure with, in particular, inherently variable flexibility can be produced.
- a textile flat product according to the present invention refers to products which contain a multiplicity of fiber-shaped structures which are connected to one another by crossovers.
- the flat textile product can essentially consist of fibrous structures.
- a crossover is generally a connection of at least two fibrous structures, which, however, are not materially connected to one another.
- the fiber-shaped structures are arranged to be freely movable relative to one another at least at one intersection.
- the three-dimensional model of the preliminary product is typically created on a CAD (computer aided design) basis.
- the resulting CAD data can then be converted into a format that can be read, in particular, by a 3-D printer for the subsequent additive manufacturing.
- the manufacturing material typically denotes the material of which the textile sheet product produced with the method according to the invention essentially consists.
- the manufacturing material may include, for example, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, polyacrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, elastane, nylon, polyurea, polyphenylene sulfide, melamine, or mixtures thereof. It is also possible to use the respective monomer precursors as a manufacturing material, such as methyl acrylate to produce a polyacrylic.
- the production material and the separating layer material are typically different materials, which in particular have different chemical and / or physical properties.
- a crossover position of at least two fiber-shaped structures is predetermined in some embodiments when creating the three-dimensional model of the preliminary product.
- the crossover position can already be predetermined or programmed in CAD data.
- a removable separating layer is a layer which can be removed or separated without the expense of greater mechanical force and / or without destroying / damaging the applied manufacturing material, its spatial structure, the preliminary product and / or the textile sheet product obtained.
- the separating layer can be chemically removable, for example by dissolving.
- the separating layer material can also be designed to be inactivatable. Cutting, tearing off, and similar processes in the context of the present invention do not fall under the term “remove”.
- the separating layer material can be converted from a first, active state into a second, inactive state by the action of energy can be achieved, for example, by means of electromagnetic radiation. In the inactive state, the separating layer material can for example become unstable, in particular porous, brittle or liquid, so that it can then be removed from the intermediate product. In general, the force occurring when walking can be sufficient for removing the separating layer material.
- the separating layer material typically prevents, at least temporarily, at least two fibrous structures from touching one another at a crossover position, at least during the additive manufacturing of the preliminary product, and from joining in a materially bonded manner.
- the separating layer material is removed or alternatively inactivated in a subsequent step, ie after the additive manufacturing of the preliminary product.
- the separating layer material is applied during additive manufacturing between two layers of the manufacturing material of at least two fibrous structures. Typically this occurs at a predetermined crossover position. After removal or inactivation of the separating layer, two fiber-shaped structures that cross one another and are freely movable relative to one another are obtained from the production material, which are not materially connected to one another at least at the crossover.
- one or more layers of the production material are applied first during the additive manufacturing of the preliminary product, then one or more layers of the separating layer material at a predetermined crossover position and then one or more layers of the production material again.
- the production material and the separating layer material are therefore preferably applied sequentially, in particular not simultaneously. This process can optionally be carried out in the production direction, i.e. in the vertical direction, can be repeated as often as required.
- the separating layer material comprises a soluble polymer, preferably a photopolymer.
- a water-soluble polymer can be used as a separating layer material and a water-insoluble manufacturing material can be used at the same time.
- separating layer materials which are alkaline or acid soluble are particularly preferred. Soluble and / or hydrolyzable polyesters or polyamides, for example, can be used here. These can be removed from the intermediate product without leaving any residue.
- alkaline or acidic soluble polymers are often only poorly soluble in neutral aqueous solution, but very well soluble in basic or acidic solution. Compared to purely water-soluble polymers, this has the advantage that with the additive Manufacturing does not strictly dispense with water, or its occurrence must be avoided in order to avoid premature and unwanted removal of the separating layer material.
- the separating layer material can be removed by immersion in an aqueous, in particular an acidic or alkaline immersion bath.
- Photopolymers offer the advantage that they change their properties when exposed to radiation of a certain wavelength, in particular radiation in the UV-VIS range.
- a photopolymer can be used which only becomes soluble, in particular water-soluble, or porous and / or brittle on exposure to light, and can thus be removed very easily from the intermediate product.
- the use of photopolymers has the advantage that they can be removed very selectively and very gently for the production material. A very precise separation between two fibrous structures at the crossover can thus be achieved without damaging them in the process. As long as the manufacturing material is not also a photopolymer, this essentially does not change when the separating layer material is removed.
- a photopolymer can be used that liquefies when exposed to light.
- polyesters or polyamides can be used as photopolymers, such as. B. a polymer of acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, dipentaerythritol pentaacyrlate, N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propylenebisacrylamide or a copolymer of an acrylic acid derivative, such as acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester, and an alcohol.
- a powder or a gel which can be removed and / or inactivated, can be used as the separating layer material.
- the separating layer material is removed by washing. Washing out in an alkaline bath has proven to be particularly effective here, since this resulted in flat textile structures in which the individual through the Fibrous structures separated from the separating layer showed essentially no material connections and in which the separating layer material could be removed quickly and completely.
- an alkaline bath can comprise an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and optionally sodium silicate.
- washing out can also be achieved with an acidic solution.
- the textile flat product comprises a woven fabric, knitted fabric and / or knitted fabric.
- this designation does not refer to the manufacturing method, since the textile flat product is not produced by conventional textile processes such as weaving, knitting, knotting or warp knitting, but rather that the product obtained by additive manufacturing at least partially has the properties, in particular the Has fiber structure or fiber flow, a woven fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric.
- the textile flat product should comprise a fabric.
- the predetermined crossover positions are selected in such a way that the structure and / or the fiber course of a fabric is formed after the separation layer material has been removed.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that different textile structures can be obtained in different areas within the textile flat product.
- one area of the flat textile product can be designed as a woven fabric and another as a knitted fabric.
- the textile structure with mutually movable fibrous structures, especially the crossovers is not achieved by conventional methods, especially mechanical methods such as knitting, weaving or warp knitting, but directly by additive manufacturing and preferably by removing the separating layer material.
- connection points of the pre-product are established when creating the model of the three-dimensional pre-product, the connection points remaining free of separating layer material in the subsequent additive manufacturing and / or crossover positions being defined, the crossover positions being coated with separating layer material in the subsequent additive manufacturing.
- Such embodiments have the advantage that areas or directions of the textile flat product produced can be determined which are flexible, for example stretchable or stretchable, and other areas or directions which are inflexible and therefore not flexible.
- a fabric can be produced as the textile base structure, but which has connection points at which two fiber-shaped structures are connected to one another in a materially bonded manner.
- such a fabric can have crossovers or only crossovers, so that the fiber-shaped structures are essentially not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner at any position.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that it can be precisely determined in advance in which areas and / or in which directions the textile flat product is to be more rigid and rigid and in which areas and / or directions it should be designed to be flexible.
- connection points can be used so that the flexibility within the textile flat product can be restricted along a line or a strip which can be predetermined. If, for example, a continuous line of connection points is defined in the three-dimensional model of the pre-product, then no separating layer material is applied there during additive manufacturing, so that the corresponding fibrous structures are firmly connected at this point.
- the separating layer material can be applied in a thickness of 0.01 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.05 to 1.5 mm. It has been shown that this thickness leads to the at least two fibrous structures at the crossovers are spaced sufficiently far apart during additive manufacturing so that no material connection can form between these structures.
- additive manufacturing takes place with a layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.04 mm.
- Additive manufacturing is preferably carried out by means of selective laser sintering (SLS), laser-based stereolithography (SLA), polyjet or fused layering (FDM).
- SLS selective laser sintering
- SLA laser-based stereolithography
- FDM fused layering
- the technical object is achieved in a general manner by a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to the invention.
- the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to the invention contains fiber-shaped structures which are connected to one another by crossovers and which are at least partially movable relative to one another.
- the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product can consist essentially of the fibrous structures.
- a three-dimensionally printed product has a layered structure.
- additive manufacturing can take place, for example, with a layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.04 mm.
- the polymer chains of the production material are oriented horizontally, ie in the layer plane.
- the layer thickness defines layer portions which are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction.
- the layered structure can also be visible from the outside or made visible by means of imaging processes.
- the fibrous structures can also merge into one another and / or be connected to one another at the ends.
- a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product can be produced according to one of the above-described embodiments of a method according to the invention.
- At least two fiber-shaped structures are arranged movably relative to one another at the crossovers, i. these are in particular not materially connected at the crossovers.
- the crossovers comprise knots, entanglements, interweaves and / or entanglements, or concatenations. It is also possible for a textile flat product to have several different crossovers in further embodiments. For example, a textile can only have entanglements in a certain area and only interweaving in another area. As a result, specific areas of the flat textile product or an item of clothing made from it can be designed individually without the production being delayed and / or more complex.
- the individual fiber-shaped structures have a variable thickness, a variable diameter, a variable height and / or width and / or a variable cross-sectional shape.
- the cross section of a fibrous structure can be round at one point on the flat product and for the cross section of the same fibrous structure to be angular and / or flat at another point.
- individual fiber-shaped structures can have thickenings at predetermined points, for example spherical thickenings, which can restrict the movement relative to a further fiber-shaped structure of the textile fabric, in particular by getting caught.
- a variable thickness or a variable diameter of the individual fibrous structures can be used, for example, to reinforce or protect particularly stressed areas of an item of clothing made from the textile sheet product.
- wrinkles in the upper of a shoe often appear in the same place when running, making them prone to breakage of the fibrous structures at that point.
- An increase in the diameter in this area can thus avoid such a break.
- a reduction in the thickness of the fibrous structures can be advantageous if, for example, an item of clothing is to be designed to be particularly breathable and / or particularly flexible at one point.
- the fibrous structures are not materially connected at the crossovers.
- the textile planar product comprises a fabric with a first and a second fiber system.
- the fibrous structures of the first and the second fiber system cross one another across, in particular perpendicular to one another.
- a fiber system comprises several fiber-shaped structures which are arranged essentially parallel to one another within the fiber system.
- Such a textile flat product has the advantage that it can be designed to be similar or equally flexible to a conventional fabric produced by textile weaving.
- Such a flat product can be inflexible in the direction of both fiber systems, i.e. be designed to be non-stretchable or stretchable and flexible in at least two other directions, i.e. be designed to be expandable or stretchable.
- a textile flat product with a first and a second fiber system which comprises a fabric, contains a third fiber system.
- the fiber-shaped structures cross over with the fiber-shaped structures of the first and second fiber systems.
- the third fiber system is typically not arranged parallel to either the first or the second fiber system.
- the third fiber system is arranged both to the first and to the second fiber system at an angle of 40 ° to 50 °, preferably substantially 45 °.
- Such a textile flat product has the advantage that it can be designed to be rigid, inflexible and / or rigid in three horizontal directions, namely in all three directions of the respective fiber systems, while it can be designed to be flexible in a further, fourth direction.
- the flat textile product comprises a fabric with a first, second and third fiber system as described above and additionally a fourth fiber system.
- This is typically not arranged parallel to the first, second and / or third fiber system.
- the fourth fiber system can be arranged across, preferably perpendicularly, to the third fiber system.
- a fabric is thus obtained which is inflexible in all four directions of the individual fiber systems, i.e. rigid, is formed.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to an item of clothing which contains a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to the invention according to the disclosure above.
- the item of clothing can be selected from the areas of functional clothing, such as motorcycle clothing, sportswear and fire protection clothing.
- the term clothing includes both outerwear such as T-shirts, jackets, underwear and floats, as well as shoes or stockings, in particular sports shoes.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to the above disclosure for the production of an item of clothing.
- Fig. 1 shows a section of a three-dimensional printed textile
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a three-dimensionally printed textile
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a three-dimensionally printed textile
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a three-dimensionally printed textile
- Fig. 5 shows a section of a three-dimensional printed textile
- FIG. 7a shows schematically an additively manufactured preliminary product in cross section according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 7b shows schematically the three-dimensionally printed textile surface product of
- FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to the invention, which was additively manufactured using a method according to the invention.
- the flat textile product 1 extends, as shown by the coordinate system, in the horizontal plane of the x and y directions. Additive manufacturing takes place in layers in the vertical direction, i.e. along the z-axis in the coordinate system shown.
- the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 contains fiber-shaped structures 2a and 2b, which are connected to one another by crossovers 3. In the embodiment shown, the crossovers are designed as weaves.
- the fibrous structures 2a and 2b have a substantially rectangular cross section. As shown in the following figures, the fibrous structures are arranged to be movable relative to one another.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the textile flat product 1 contains fiber-shaped structures which are interconnected by interweaving.
- the fabric comprises a first fiber system which extends in the y-direction. As shown, the first fiber system comprises several parallel fiber-shaped structures extending in the y-direction.
- the fabric also includes a second fiber system which extends in the x direction of the coordinate system shown.
- the second fiber system has a plurality of parallel fiber-shaped structures which extend in the x direction.
- such a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 has the advantage that it is flexible neither in the x nor in the y direction, but is flexible at an angle of 45 ° to the x or y direction.
- the flat textile product 1 cannot be stretched or stretched in the direction of the crossed-out arrows, but in the direction of the four diagonal arrows shown.
- This can be advantageous, for example, with items of clothing that are stretched in certain directions, but should be made as rigid as possible in other directions, for example around one To support movement of the wearer and thus to facilitate and / or guide. If this is desired, in the production of a three-dimensional sheet product, instead of a few crossover positions, connection points can be determined at which no separating layer material is applied.
- connection points become material connections of the respective intersecting fiber-shaped structures.
- the flexibility achieved can be interrupted in predetermined areas.
- a flexibility dividing line can be provided, which is predetermined by a corresponding arrangement of connection points in the three-dimensional model during manufacture.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- the textile flat product 1 also comprises a fabric with a first and a second fiber system (see FIG. 2).
- the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 shown has a further, third fiber system.
- the third fiber system comprises a plurality of fiber-shaped structures which are arranged parallel to one another and which are each arranged at an angle of essentially 45 ° to the fiber-shaped structures of the first and second fiber systems.
- the fiber-shaped structures of the three fiber systems are each connected to one another by crossovers.
- the result of the third fiber system is that the flat textile product 1 is neither flexible in the x direction nor in the y direction, and in addition not in another, essentially 45 ° to the x and y directions third direction.
- a further embodiment of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG.
- the textile flat product 1 comprises a fabric with a first, second and third fiber system, as was already shown in FIG.
- the textile flat product 5 also comprises a fourth fiber system with fiber-shaped structures arranged parallel to one another, which are arranged at 90 ° to the third fiber system and 45 ° to the first and second fiber system.
- Such a flat product can also be achieved by superimposing two three-dimensionally printed textile flat products arranged rotated by 45 ° with respect to one another, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to the invention, which can be additively manufactured using a method according to the invention.
- the textile flat product 1 extends, as shown by the coordinate system, in 5 the horizontal plane of the x and y directions. Additive manufacturing takes place in layers in the vertical direction, i.e. along the z-axis in the coordinate system shown.
- the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 contains fiber-shaped structures 2a and 2b, which are connected to one another by crossovers 3. In the embodiment shown, the crossovers are designed as looping so that the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 comprises a knitted fabric or a knitted fabric.
- FIG. 6 shows a photograph of a knitted fabric after the separation layer material has been removed. It can be seen that the fibrous structures, in particular at the crossovers, are not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner.
- FIG. 7a shows in cross section an additively manufactured preliminary product G comprising 5 fiber-shaped structures 2a and 2b, with a separating layer material 4 between the structures at the three crossover positions of the fiber-shaped structures 2a and 2b shown is arranged.
- the separating layer material 4 prevents the fibrous structures 2a and 2b of the preliminary product 1 'from touching one another at the crossover positions.
- the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 of FIG. 1 is shown in cross section along the y-z plane.
- the textile flat product can be produced by removing the separating layer material 4 shown in FIG. 7a from the preliminary product 1 '.
- the fibrous structures 2a and 2b of the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 are arranged to be movable relative to one another and are not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner, at least at the crossovers.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH00560/19A CH716120A1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2019-04-26 | Process for the additive manufacturing of a textile flat product. |
PCT/EP2020/059812 WO2020216606A1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-04-06 | Additive manufacturing of a flat textile product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3959061A1 true EP3959061A1 (en) | 2022-03-02 |
Family
ID=68295885
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20717641.3A Withdrawn EP3959061A1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-04-06 | Additive manufacturing of a flat textile product |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220203611A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3959061A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113748009A (en) |
CH (1) | CH716120A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020216606A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2097830T3 (en) * | 1991-05-04 | 1997-04-16 | Hoechst Ag | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMED TEXTILE MATERIAL AND ITS USE. |
BE1014732A3 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2004-03-02 | Materialise Nv | Method and apparatus for the production of textile material. |
DE202004018209U1 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2005-01-13 | Johannes Giesser Messerfabrik Gmbh | Protection clothes like gloves or apron for butcher, made of joined chain links produced with particular method |
JP5744009B2 (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2015-07-01 | ファイザール ハー.−ヨット. クナッペFaisal H.−J. Knappe | Method and apparatus for producing a yarn consisting of a number of individual filaments and monofilament yarn produced thereby |
CN105984138B (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2019-01-11 | 常州市东科电子科技有限公司 | A kind of dress ornament single face-formed method and 3D printing device |
CN107438510B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2021-04-06 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | Method of manufacturing a 3D object |
EP3120927A1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-25 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Entangled fluidic device |
WO2017100783A1 (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-06-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Systems, devices, and methods for deposition-based three-dimensional printing |
-
2019
- 2019-04-26 CH CH00560/19A patent/CH716120A1/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-04-06 EP EP20717641.3A patent/EP3959061A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-04-06 US US17/605,928 patent/US20220203611A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-04-06 CN CN202080030598.2A patent/CN113748009A/en active Pending
- 2020-04-06 WO PCT/EP2020/059812 patent/WO2020216606A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2020216606A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
CH716120A1 (en) | 2020-10-30 |
US20220203611A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
CN113748009A (en) | 2021-12-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1918438B1 (en) | Method for producing a tubular flat knit fabric with the plating technique | |
EP2952616B1 (en) | Method for producing a flat or three-dimensional knitted fabric | |
DE202015008907U1 (en) | Raschel machine and net | |
DE4228408A1 (en) | Process for the production of a form-fitting, one-piece flat knitted fabric for a piece of clothing with sleeves | |
DE69106661T2 (en) | Woven or weft-knitted textile support for iron-in interlining. | |
DE112017007637T5 (en) | Weaving process for three-layer warp knitted fabrics with a translucent intermediate body and the fabric of the same | |
DE10252671C1 (en) | Three-dimensional fiber-reinforce plastics body is formed by overlaid layers of filament bands, bonded together by stitches in a warp knitter, where the stitches are partially cut for shaping and penetration by a matrix material | |
DE102013019392A1 (en) | Isolating prevention method for knitting yarn, involves inducing thread guide that supplies knitting yarn and connecting crossover yarn with base-knit-part by thread guide and crossing redundant knitting yarn end of circuit board | |
DE3937406A1 (en) | Flat-bed three=dimensional knitting - using needle control to give structured rows between first and final rows which are joined together | |
DE3343450C2 (en) | ||
DE102016005593A1 (en) | Molded fabric with 3D surface texture | |
DE60021190T2 (en) | 3-D SANDWICH PREPARATIONS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE | |
DE102013011639A1 (en) | Method for knitting of knitted fabric, involves continuously knitting stitches in wale direction of end loop of one-side needle bed and other-side needle bed using knitting yarn from yarn guides | |
DE102016010859A1 (en) | Method for fixing a knitting thread | |
DE102013014586B4 (en) | Knotted net with diagonal weft thread and method of manufacture | |
DE102018111164B4 (en) | Spacer fabric and process for its manufacture | |
WO2020216606A1 (en) | Additive manufacturing of a flat textile product | |
DE102014213444A1 (en) | Extruded paper machine clothing | |
EP3585937A1 (en) | Loop structure, method for producing a loop structure and element | |
DE102007038931A1 (en) | Thread layer sewing material i.e. laminar textile for producing of spatial armoring structures for e.g. concrete part, has warp threads whose lengths between two weft threads are variable in warping and fill directions in lattice structure | |
DE69911857T2 (en) | Process for the manufacture of pile loops on a web, pile loop goods manufactured according to this process and their use | |
WO1994017232A1 (en) | Process and installation for producing textile spaced fabrics | |
DE60111305T2 (en) | Fabric with double pole loop network and method for its production | |
DE4008477C2 (en) | Process for the production of nets with precise and right-angled meshes and nets produced according to this process | |
DE102015001744A1 (en) | Abbindverfahren for a knit |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20211117 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20221222 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230503 |