CH716120A1 - Process for the additive manufacturing of a textile flat product. - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the additive manufacturing of a textile flat product and a three-dimensionally printed textile flat product 1 () are disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: creating a three-dimensional model of the preliminary product and additive manufacturing of the preliminary product according to the three-dimensional model of the preliminary product. In additive manufacturing, a manufacturing material is applied in layers. At at least one predetermined crossover position of at least two fiber-shaped structures (2a, 2b), a separating layer material is applied which can be removed and / or inactivated from the preliminary product.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a method for the additive manufacturing of a textile flat product, and to a three-dimensionally printed textile flat product.

State of the art

[0002] Textile flat products are fiber-containing products which are processed into flat structures by a wide variety of conventional methods. The most common manufacturing processes for textile flat products are weaving, knitting and knotting. In most cases, threads and / or yarns are used as the starting material for the production of a flat textile structure. These are then connected to one another using one of the methods mentioned above.

For example, the fibers or threads of two fiber systems, the warp and the weft, which are arranged essentially transversely or even perpendicular to one another, are crossed into a fabric during weaving. When knitting, on the other hand, the fibers are connected to one another by wraps.

[0004] Textile flat products offer the advantage that they are relatively flexible compared to other flat materials, since the fibers are arranged to be movable relative to one another, or can be displaced relative to one another. A fabric, which, as described above, can consist of two fiber systems arranged essentially perpendicular to one another, normally forms a pattern of a large number of square cutouts. Such a fabric is practically inflexible in the direction of one of the two fiber systems, but has a certain flexibility at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the fiber systems due to the relative mobility of the individual fibers to one another.

The additive manufacturing of workpieces, which is also generally referred to as 3D printing, offers quick and inexpensive access to the manufacture of models, prototypes, tools and end products. It is characteristic of additive manufacturing techniques that the material is applied or at least formed layer by layer, thus creating three-dimensional objects.

Various additive manufacturing techniques are known in the prior art. The most widely used techniques include stereolithography (SLA), laser sintering (SLS), laser beam melting (LBM), polyjet modeling (Polyjet or PJM), multi-jet modeling (MJM) or melt layering (FDM).

Presentation of the invention

A disadvantage of the conventional methods described above for the production of textile flat products is that the method is severely limited in terms of manufacturing variability, especially in terms of industrial manufacture. For example, it is not readily possible to produce a textile flat product in which several of the above-mentioned methods are used. For example, it is not possible to produce a combination of knitted fabric and woven fabric. Furthermore, the fibers cannot simply be changed during the process. For example, it would be advantageous if the fibers had a different width, diameter, shape, height, width and / or material composition at predetermined locations.

The flexibility of textile flat products, for example a woven or knitted fabric, already mentioned above, can be very advantageous and desirable in some cases. However, a flexible, in particular stretchable and / or extensible textile sheet product can also be disadvantageous, since these tend to deform, for example, with prolonged use. Particularly in the case of functional clothing, it may be desirable at certain points on the item of clothing that there be a certain flexibility of the fibers there, while it can be undesirable at other points on the same item of clothing. With the help of common methods, a compromise has to be made in terms of flexibility or costly alternative solutions have to be pursued.

The additive manufacturing of textile flat products is difficult because the individual fibers of such a product are often very thin and thus the distances between the fibers, for example the so-called mesh size, are very small. For this reason, the individual fibers often stick together during production, which is why crossovers of fibers, which are characterized by the fact that the fibers can move freely with respect to one another at the crossovers, still cannot be produced.

It is therefore the general object of the invention to further develop the state of the art in the field of three-dimensionally printed flat textile products and methods for the additive manufacturing of flat textile products and preferably to completely or partially overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.

In advantageous embodiments, a method for the additive manufacturing of a textile sheet product is provided, which allows three-dimensionally printed textile sheet products with a variety of fiber-shaped structures to be provided, at least some of the fiber-shaped structures forming crossovers on which the fiber-shaped structures are arranged to be movable with respect to one another are preferably not cohesively connected to these.

[0012] In further embodiments, a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product is provided which has properties, in particular the flexibility, of a conventionally manufactured woven, knitted or knitted fabric.

The general object is achieved by a method for additive manufacturing of a textile flat product with a plurality of fiber-shaped structures according to a first aspect of the invention. The method according to the invention comprises the steps of: creating a three-dimensional model of the preliminary product and additive manufacturing of the preliminary product in accordance with the three-dimensional model of the preliminary product. In additive manufacturing, a manufacturing material is applied in layers. At least one predetermined crossover position of at least two fibrous structures, a separating layer material is applied which can be removed and / or inactivated from the preliminary product. The person skilled in the art understands that the production material is typically applied to a base at the start of additive manufacturing, which as a rule is neither part of the preliminary product nor of the textile flat product. After the additive manufacturing of the preliminary product has taken place, it can be removed from such a base.

With a method according to the invention, a local and / or temporary separation of individual fibrous structures in the preliminary product can thus be achieved. The separating layer material prevents the layers of the manufacturing material from touching, at least during additive manufacturing. This is particularly advantageous during additive manufacturing, since it prevents the possibly still flowable or soft manufacturing material of a fibrous structure from materially bonding with the manufacturing material of another fibrous structure at the crossover positions. Since the position of the separating layer material, the crossover position, can be predetermined, it can thus be determined selectively at which points the fibrous structures are immovable with respect to one another and at which points they are flexible, i.e. should be arranged movable relative to each other. Consequently, with the aid of the method according to the invention, a flat textile structure with, in particular, inherently variable flexibility can be produced.

A textile flat product according to the present invention refers to products which contain a multiplicity of fibrous structures which are connected to one another by crossovers. In some embodiments, the flat textile product can essentially consist of fibrous structures.

A crossover is generally a connection of at least two fibrous structures which, however, are not materially connected to one another. In particular, the fiber-shaped structures are arranged to be freely movable relative to one another at least at one intersection.

The three-dimensional model of the preliminary product is typically created on a CAD (computer aided design) basis. The resulting CAD data can then be converted into a format that can be read in particular by a 3D printer for the subsequent additive manufacturing.

The manufacturing material typically denotes the material from which the textile sheet product produced by the method according to the invention essentially consists. In some embodiments, the manufacturing material may include, for example, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, polyacrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, elastane, nylon, polyurea, polyphenylene sulfide, melamine, or mixtures thereof. It is also possible to use the respective monomer precursors as a manufacturing material, such as methyl acrylate to produce a polyacrylic.

The production material and the separating layer material are typically different materials, which in particular have different chemical and / or physical properties.

A crossover position of at least two fiber-shaped structures is predetermined in some embodiments when creating the three-dimensional model of the preliminary product. For example, the crossover position can already be predetermined or programmed in CAD data.

In the context of the present invention, a removable separating layer is a layer which can be removed or separated without the expense of greater mechanical force and / or without destruction / damage to the applied manufacturing material, its spatial structure, the preliminary product and / or the textile sheet product obtained is. Typically, the separating layer can be chemically removable, for example by dissolving. Alternatively, instead of being removable, the separating layer material can also be designed to be inactivatable. For example, cutting out, tearing off, and similar processes in the context of the present invention do not fall under the term “remove”. For example, it can be provided that the separating layer material can be converted from a first, active state into a second, inactive state by the action of energy. This can be achieved, for example, by means of electromagnetic radiation. In the inactive state, the separating layer material can, for example, become unstable, in particular porous, brittle or liquid, so that it can then be removed from the intermediate product. The force exerted while walking may generally be sufficient to remove the separating layer material.

Typically, the separating layer material at least temporarily prevents at least two fibrous structures from touching one another at a crossover position, at least during the additive manufacturing of the pre-product, and from joining in a materially bonded manner.

In further embodiments the release layer material is applied in a subsequent step, i. following the additive manufacturing of the preliminary product, removed or alternatively deactivated.

In further embodiments, the separating layer material is applied during additive manufacturing between two layers of the manufacturing material of at least two fibrous structures. Typically this occurs at a predetermined crossover position. After removal or inactivation of the separating layer, two fiber-shaped structures that cross one another and are freely movable relative to one another are obtained from the production material, which are not materially connected to one another at least at the crossover.

Typically, one or more layers of the manufacturing material are applied during the additive manufacturing of the preliminary product, then one or more layers of the separating layer material and then one or more layers of the manufacturing material at a predetermined crossover position. This process can optionally be carried out in the production direction, i.e. in the vertical direction, can be repeated as often as required.

In further embodiments, the separating layer material comprises a soluble polymer, preferably a photopolymer. For example, a water-soluble polymer can be used as a separating layer material and a water-insoluble manufacturing material can be used at the same time. However, separating layer materials which are alkaline or acid soluble are particularly preferred. For example, soluble and / or hydrolyzable polyesters or polyamides can be used here. These can be removed from the intermediate product without leaving any residue. In addition, alkaline or acidic soluble polymers are often only poorly soluble in neutral aqueous solution, but very well soluble in basic or acidic solution. Compared to purely water-soluble polymers, this has the advantage that in additive manufacturing water does not have to be strictly dispensed with or its occurrence has to be avoided in order to avoid premature and unwanted removal of the separating layer material.

In some embodiments, the separating layer material can be removed by immersion in an aqueous, in particular an acidic or alkaline immersion bath.

Photopolymers offer the advantage that they change their properties when exposed to radiation of a certain wavelength, in particular radiation in the UV-VIS range. For example, a photopolymer can be used which only becomes soluble, in particular water-soluble, or porous and / or brittle on exposure to light, and can thus be removed very easily from the intermediate product. The use of photopolymers has the advantage that they can be removed very selectively and very gently for the production material. A very precise separation between two fibrous structures at the crossover can thus be achieved without damaging them in the process. As long as the manufacturing material is not also a photopolymer, this essentially does not change when the separating layer material is removed. Alternatively, a photopolymer can be used that liquefies when exposed to light. For example, various polyesters or polyamides can be used as photopolymers, e.g. a polymer of acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, dipentaerythritol pentaacyrlate, N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propylenebisacrylamide or a copolymer of an acrylic acid derivative, such as acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester, and an alcohol.

Alternatively, a powder or a gel can be used as the separating layer material, which can be removed and / or inactivated.

In further embodiments, the separating layer material is removed by washing. Washing out in an alkaline bath has proven to be particularly effective here, since it resulted in flat textile structures in which the individual fibrous structures separated by the separating layer showed essentially no material connections and in which the separating layer material could be removed quickly and completely. For example, such an alkaline bath can comprise an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and optionally sodium silicate. Depending on the separating layer material, washing out can also be achieved with an acidic solution.

In further embodiments, the textile flat product comprises a woven fabric, knitted fabric and / or knitted fabric. The person skilled in the art understands that this designation does not refer to the production method, since the textile flat product is not produced by conventional textile processes such as weaving, knitting, knotting or warp knitting, but rather that the product obtained by additive manufacturing at least partially has the properties, in particular the Has fiber structure or fiber flow, a woven fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric.

For example, when creating the three-dimensional preliminary product, it can be determined that the textile sheet product should comprise a fabric. In this case, the predetermined crossover positions are selected in such a way that the structure and / or the fiber course of a fabric is formed after the separation layer material has been removed. Compared to conventional weaving, the method according to the invention has the advantage that different textile structures can be obtained in different areas within the textile flat product. E.g. one area of the flat textile product can be designed as a woven fabric and another as a knitted fabric.

In a method according to the invention, the textile structure with mutually movable fibrous structures, in particular the crossovers, is not achieved by conventional methods, in particular mechanical methods such as knitting, weaving or warp knitting, but directly by additive manufacturing and preferably by removing the separating layer material .

According to further embodiments, connection points of the pre-product are defined when creating the model of the three-dimensional pre-product, the connection points remaining free of separating layer material in the subsequent additive manufacturing and / or crossover positions being defined, the crossover positions being coated with separating layer material in the subsequent additive manufacturing. Such embodiments have the advantage that areas or directions of the textile flat product produced can be determined which are flexible, for example stretchable or stretchable, and other areas or directions which are inflexible and therefore not flexible. For example, a fabric can be produced as the textile base structure, but which has connection points at which two fiber-shaped structures are connected to one another in a materially bonded manner. Additionally or alternatively, however, such a fabric can have crossovers or only crossovers, so that the fiber-shaped structures are essentially not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner at any position. However, the method according to the invention has the advantage that it can be precisely determined in advance in which areas and / or in which directions the textile flat product is to be more rigid and rigid and in which areas and / or directions it should be designed to be flexible.

For example, connection points can be used so that the flexibility within the textile flat product can be restricted along a line or a strip which can be predetermined. If, for example, a continuous line of connection points is defined in the three-dimensional model of the pre-product, then no separating layer material is applied there during additive manufacturing, so that the corresponding fibrous structures are firmly connected at this point.

In further embodiments, the separating layer material can be applied in a thickness of 0.01 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.05 to 1.5 mm. It has been shown that this thickness means that the at least two fiber-shaped structures at the crossovers are sufficiently far apart from one another during the additive manufacturing so that no material connection can form between these structures.

In further embodiments, the additive manufacturing takes place with a layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.04 mm. In this way, a resolution which is satisfactory for the appropriate use as a textile flat product, for example as clothing, such as pants, T-shirts or shoes, is achieved.

The additive manufacturing is preferably carried out by means of selective laser sintering (SLS), laser-based stereolithography (SLA), polyjet or fused layering (FDM). However, further, in particular modifications, of the additive manufacturing processes described above are also possible.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the technical object is achieved in a general manner by a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to the invention. The three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to the invention contains fiber-shaped structures which are connected to one another by crossovers and which are at least partially movable relative to one another.

In some embodiments, the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product can consist essentially of the fibrous structures.

The person skilled in the art understands that a three-dimensionally printed product has a layered structure. As disclosed above, additive manufacturing can take place, for example, with a layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.04 mm. Generally, in a layered structure, the polymer chains of the manufacturing material are horizontal, i. directed in the layer plane. In addition, the layer thickness defines layer portions which are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction. The layered structure can also be visible from the outside or made visible by means of imaging processes.

The fiber-like structures can also merge into one another and / or be connected to one another at the ends.

A three-dimensionally printed flat textile product can be produced according to one of the above-described embodiments of a method according to the invention.

As already stated, at least two fiber-shaped structures are arranged movably relative to one another at the crossovers, i.e. these are in particular not materially connected at the crossovers.

[0045] In some embodiments, the crossovers comprise knots, interlacing, interweaving and / or entanglements or concatenations. It is also possible for a textile flat product to have several different crossovers in further embodiments. For example, a textile can only have entanglements in a certain area and only interweaving in another area. As a result, specific areas of the flat textile product or an item of clothing made from it can be designed individually without the production being delayed and / or more complex.

In further embodiments, the individual fiber-shaped structures have a variable thickness, a variable diameter, a variable height and / or width and / or a variable cross-sectional shape. For example, it is possible for the cross section of a fibrous structure to be round at one point on the flat product and for the cross section of the same fibrous structure to be angular and / or flat at another point. Furthermore, individual fiber-shaped structures can have thickenings at predetermined points, for example spherical thickenings, which can restrict the movement relative to a further fiber-shaped structure of the textile fabric, in particular by getting caught. A variable thickness or a variable diameter of the individual fiber-shaped structures can be used, for example, to reinforce or protect particularly stressed areas of an item of clothing made from the textile sheet product. For example, wrinkles in the upper of a shoe often appear in the same place when running, making them prone to breakage of the fibrous structures at that point. An increase in the diameter in this area can thus avoid such a break. A reduction in the thickness of the fibrous structures can be advantageous if, for example, an item of clothing is to be designed to be particularly breathable and / or particularly flexible at one point.

In other embodiments, the fiber-shaped structures are not materially connected at the crossovers.

In further embodiments, the textile planar product comprises a woven fabric with a first and a second fiber system. The fiber-shaped structures of the first and second fiber systems cross each other transversely, in particular perpendicular to one another. The person skilled in the art understands that a fiber system comprises several fiber-shaped structures which are arranged essentially parallel to one another within the fiber system. Such a textile flat product has the advantage that it can be designed to be similar or equally flexible to a conventional fabric produced by textile weaving. Such a flat product can be inflexible in the direction of both fiber systems, i.e. be designed to be non-stretchable or stretchable and flexible in at least two other directions, i.e. be designed to be expandable or stretchable.

In further embodiments, a textile flat product with a first and a second fiber system, which comprises a fabric, contains a third fiber system. The fiber-shaped structures cross over with the fiber-shaped structures of the first and second fiber systems. The third fiber system is typically not arranged parallel to either the first or the second fiber system. It is possible, for example, for the third fiber system to be arranged at an angle of 40 ° to 50 °, preferably essentially 45 °, both to the first and to the second fiber system. Such a textile flat product has the advantage that it can be designed to be rigid, inflexible and / or rigid in three horizontal directions, namely in all three directions of the respective fiber systems, while it can be designed to be flexible in a further, fourth direction.

In other embodiments, the textile sheet product comprises a fabric with a first, second and third fiber system as described above and additionally a fourth fiber system. This is typically not arranged parallel to the first, second and / or third fiber system. For example, the fourth fiber system can be arranged transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to the third fiber system. A fabric is thus obtained which is inflexible in all four directions of the individual fiber systems, i.e. rigid, is formed.

Another aspect of the invention relates to an item of clothing which contains a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to the invention in accordance with the disclosure above. In particular, the item of clothing can be selected from the areas of functional clothing, such as motorcycle clothing, sportswear and fire protection clothing. Typically, the term clothing includes both outerwear such as T-shirts, jackets, underwear and pants, as well as shoes or stockings, in particular sports shoes.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to the above disclosure for producing an item of clothing.

Brief explanation of the figures

Aspects of the invention are explained in more detail on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown in the following figures and the associated description. <tb> Fig. 1 <SEP> shows a section from a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to an embodiment of the invention; <tb> Fig. 2 <SEP> shows a schematic view of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to a further embodiment of the invention; <tb> Fig. 3 <SEP> shows a schematic view of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to a further embodiment of the invention; <tb> FIG. 4 <SEP> shows a schematic view of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to a further embodiment of the invention; <tb> Fig. 5 <SEP> shows a section of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to a further embodiment of the invention; <tb> Fig. 6 <SEP> shows an enlarged detail of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to a further embodiment of the invention; <tb> Fig. 7a <SEP> schematically shows an additively manufactured preliminary product in cross section according to an embodiment of the invention; <tb> Fig. 7b <SEP> schematically shows the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product of FIG. 1 in cross section.

Ways of Carrying Out the Invention

FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to the invention, which was additively manufactured using a method according to the invention. The textile flat product 1 extends, as shown by the coordinate system, in the horizontal plane of the x and y directions. Additive manufacturing takes place in layers in the vertical direction, i.e. along the z-axis in the coordinate system shown. The three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 contains fiber-shaped structures 2a and 2b, which are connected to one another by crossovers 3. In the embodiment shown, the crossovers are designed as weaves. The fibrous structures 2a and 2b have a substantially rectangular cross section. As shown in the following figures, the fibrous structures are arranged to be movable relative to one another.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. The textile flat product 1 contains fiber-shaped structures which are interconnected by interweaving. The fabric comprises a first fiber system which extends in the y-direction. As shown, the first fiber system comprises several parallel fiber-shaped structures extending in the y-direction. The fabric also includes a second fiber system which extends in the x direction of the coordinate system shown. The second fiber system has a plurality of parallel fiber-shaped structures which extend in the x direction. As indicated by the arrows, such a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 has the advantage that it is flexible neither in the x nor in the y direction, but is flexible at an angle of 45 ° to the x or y direction. Thus, the flat textile product 1 cannot be stretched or stretched in the direction of the crossed-out arrows, but in the direction of the four diagonal arrows shown. This can be advantageous, for example, with items of clothing that are stretched in certain directions, but should be designed as rigid as possible in other directions, for example to support a movement of the wearer and thus facilitate and / or guide it. If this is desired, in the production of a three-dimensional sheet product, instead of a few crossing positions, connection points can be determined to which no separating layer material is applied. In the subsequent additive manufacturing process, these connection points become material connections of the respective intersecting fibrous structures. Thus, the flexibility achieved can be interrupted in predetermined areas. For example, in this or other embodiments described here, a flexibility dividing line can be provided which is predetermined by a corresponding arrangement of connection points in the three-dimensional model during manufacture.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention. The textile flat product 1 also comprises a fabric with a first and a second fiber system (see FIG. 2). In addition, the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 shown has a further, third fiber system. The third fiber system comprises a plurality of fiber-shaped structures which are arranged parallel to one another and which are each arranged at an angle of essentially 45 ° to the fiber-shaped structures of the first and second fiber systems. The fiber-shaped structures of the three fiber systems are each connected to one another by crossovers. As indicated by the crossed-out arrows shown, the result of the third fiber system is that the flat textile product 1 is flexible neither in the x direction nor in the y direction, and in addition not in a further one arranged at essentially 45 ° to the x and y directions third direction. However, the textile planar product 1 is arranged in one direction, namely as shown by the two diagonal arrows, flexible, or stretchable and / or extensible. In the present coordinate system, this direction is described by a straight line with the function y = -x.

A further embodiment of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. The textile flat product 1 comprises a fabric with a first, second and third fiber system, as was already shown in FIG. In addition, the textile flat product also comprises a fourth fiber system with fiber-shaped structures arranged parallel to one another, which are arranged at 90 ° to the third fiber system and 45 ° to the first and second fiber system. Compared with the textile flat product of FIG. 3, such a flat product is essentially inflexible in all directions, since the fourth fiber system prevents stretching and / or stretching in the direction y = -x. Such a flat product can also be achieved by superimposing two three-dimensional printed textile flat products arranged rotated by 45 ° with respect to one another, as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 5, a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 according to the invention is shown, which can be additively manufactured using a method according to the invention. The textile flat product 1 extends, as shown by the coordinate system, in the horizontal plane of the x and y directions. Additive manufacturing takes place in layers in the vertical direction, i.e. along the z-axis in the coordinate system shown. The three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 contains fiber-shaped structures 2a and 2b, which are connected to one another by crossovers 3. In the embodiment shown, the crossovers are designed as looping, so that the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 comprises a knitted fabric or a knitted fabric.

FIG. 6 shows a photograph of a knitted fabric after removal of the separating layer material. It can be seen that the fibrous structures, in particular at the crossovers, are not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner.

FIG. 7a shows in cross section an additively manufactured intermediate product 1 'comprising fibrous structures 2a and 2b, a separating layer material 4 being arranged between the structures at the three crossover positions shown for fibrous structures 2a and 2b. The separating layer material 4 prevents the fibrous structures 2a and 2b of the preliminary product 1 'from touching one another at the crossover positions.

In FIG. 7b, the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 of FIG. 1 is shown in cross section along the y-z plane. The textile flat product can be produced by removing the separating layer material 4 shown in FIG. 7a from the preliminary product 1 '. The fibrous structures 2a and 2b of the three-dimensionally printed flat textile product 1 are arranged to be movable relative to one another and are not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner, at least at the crossovers.

Claims (18)

1. A method for additive manufacturing of a textile flat product with a large number of fibrous structures, comprising the steps: - Creating a three-dimensional model of a preliminary product; - Additive manufacturing of the preliminary product according to the three-dimensional model of the preliminary product; wherein a manufacturing material is applied in layers during additive manufacturing and a separating layer material is applied to at least one predetermined crossover position of at least two fibrous structures, the separating layer material being removable and / or inactivatable from the preliminary product. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the separating layer material is removed from the preliminary product in a subsequent step. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the separating layer material is applied between two layers of the manufacturing material during additive manufacturing. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the separating layer material comprises a soluble polymer, preferably a photopolymer, a powder or a gel. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the separating layer material is removed from the intermediate product by washing, preferably with an alkaline solution. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile flat product comprises a woven, knitted and / or knitted fabric. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein when creating the three-dimensional model of the preliminary product - Connection points of the preliminary product are established, the connection points remaining free of separating layer material during the subsequent additive manufacturing; and or - Crossover positions are determined, the crossover positions being coated with separating layer material during the subsequent additive manufacturing. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the separating layer material is applied in a thickness of 0.01 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.05 to 1.5 mm. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the additive manufacturing is carried out with a layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.04 mm. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the additive manufacturing takes place by means of selective laser sintering (SLS), laser-based stereolithography (SLA), polyjet or fused layering (FDM). 11. Three-dimensionally printed flat textile product (1), wherein the flat product (1) contains fibrous structures (2a, 2b) which are connected to one another by crossovers (3) and wherein the fibrous structures (2a, 2b) are arranged to be movable relative to one another. 12. Three-dimensionally printed flat textile product (1) according to claim 11, wherein the crossovers (3) comprise knots, interlacing, interweaving and / or interlacing. 13. Three-dimensionally printed flat textile product (1) according to one of claims 11 or 12, wherein the individual fibrous structures (2a, 2b) have a variable thickness, variable diameter, variable height and / or width and / or a variable cross-sectional shape. 14. Three-dimensionally printed flat textile product (1) according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the fibrous structures (2a, 2b) are not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner at the crossovers (3). 15. Three-dimensionally printed flat textile product (1) according to one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the flat product (1) comprises a fabric with a first and a second fiber system, wherein the fibrous structures of the first and second fiber systems cross each other transversely. 16. Three-dimensionally printed flat textile product (1) according to claim 15, wherein the fabric comprises a third fiber system, the fiber-shaped structures of the third fiber system intersecting with the fiber-shaped structures of the first and second fiber systems. 17. Garments contain a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product (1) according to one of claims 11 to 16. 18. Use of a three-dimensionally printed flat textile product according to one of claims 11 to 16 for producing an item of clothing.