EP3953958A1 - Procédé pour fermer un contacteur et contacteur pourvu d'une compensation de température - Google Patents

Procédé pour fermer un contacteur et contacteur pourvu d'une compensation de température

Info

Publication number
EP3953958A1
EP3953958A1 EP20717863.3A EP20717863A EP3953958A1 EP 3953958 A1 EP3953958 A1 EP 3953958A1 EP 20717863 A EP20717863 A EP 20717863A EP 3953958 A1 EP3953958 A1 EP 3953958A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
time period
coil
voltage
armature
measured value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20717863.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Licht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaltbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Schaltbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaltbau GmbH filed Critical Schaltbau GmbH
Publication of EP3953958A1 publication Critical patent/EP3953958A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/26—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil having thermo-sensitive input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01F2007/1855—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using a stored table to deduce one variable from another
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H2047/025—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay with taking into account of the thermal influences, e.g. change in resistivity of the coil or being adapted to high temperatures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for closing the contacts of an electrical switching device during a switch-on process according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • the electrical switching device has an electromechanical drive with egg ner coil and an armature movable between an open position and a closed position , wherein the coil for closing the contacts of the electrical switching device is energized.
  • the armature of the electromechanical drive is connected to a movable contact of the electrical switching device.
  • the present invention also relates to an electrical switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 10.
  • Electrical switching devices especially high-performance contactors, are sometimes exposed to high temperature fluctuations in many application areas. This applies, for example, to high-performance contactors that are used in rail vehicles, motor vehicles or in outdoor installations.
  • the coil of the electromagnetic drive can also be exposed to very large temperature fluctuations due to the self-heating during operation alone.
  • the temperature range extends from around -40 ° C in Siberia to 1 10 ° C in certain desert regions.
  • the electrical resistance of the coil changes by a factor of 1.8. If there is no compensation, the pull-in current - the current that flows in the coil when the contacts close - and the switching behavior of the switching device change accordingly. In the cold state, because of the lower resistance, tightening occurs faster, which can lead to increased bouncing of the contacts of the electrical switching device when closing and, in principle, results in increased mechanical stress on the components. At very high temperatures, the contacts may not close quickly enough, which can lead to fluttering and increased wear due to arcing.
  • a lower voltage must be applied to the coil at low temperatures and a higher voltage at higher temperatures must be applied in order to be able to guarantee a uniform switching behavior and a uniform switch-on time or pick-up time over the entire temperature range.
  • the temperature prevailing in the coil or the coil resistance dependent on it must be recorded. This can be done for example by means of a temperature sensor.
  • an additional temperature sensor leads to a more complex structure and makes the manufacture of the electrical switching device more expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset which allows simple temperature compensation with low hardware requirements and in particular without the need for a temperature sensor and which does not disadvantageously prolong the tightening process.
  • an inventive solution to the problem exists when a constant first voltage Ui is initially applied to the coil during a first time period Ti and a measured value is determined, with either the first time period Ti being fixed is specified, and the measured value is a current value i Mess , which is determined at the end of the first time period Ti by measuring the current flowing in the coil, the first time period Ti and the first voltage Ui being selected such that the armature during the first Period Ti is not set in motion, or the first voltage Ui is applied to the coil until a certain current value Isoii of the current flowing in the coil is reached, the first period Ti being the period of time until this certain current value Isoii is reached, wherein the first time period Ti represents the measured value, and wherein the first voltage Ui is selected such that the An ker is not set in motion during the first time period Ti, a suitable second voltage U2 being set as a function of the measured value determined in this way, which is greater than the first voltage U2
  • the idea of the present invention is based on the following known equation for the current through a coil after applying a voltage (valid as long as the armature does not move):
  • U is the voltage applied to the coil
  • R is the (temperature-dependent) coil resistance
  • L is the inductance of the coil with the armature in the starting position.
  • the coil resistance R can be calculated from them, which in turn depends on the temperature.
  • the actual calculation of the coil resistance is not necessary according to the invention. All that is determined is a measured value that is dependent on the coil resistance and thus on the temperature.
  • this measured value is the current value i Mess , which is set at the end of the first time period Ti.
  • the voltage U 2 is then set, with which the coil is finally applied to attract the armature, that is, to move the armature from the open position to the closed position and thereby close the contacts.
  • the optimal pull-in voltage U 2 for a specific current measured value I Mess can, for example, be determined beforehand experimentally by means of a corresponding series of measurements and stored in a memory of a controller of the switching device.
  • the first time period T 1 must be chosen so that the armature does not yet move during the first time period. Otherwise the armature reaction occurring when the armature moves in the magnetic field would falsify the current measurement at the end of the first period and the above equation would no longer apply.
  • the first time period must be so long that the end values of the current measurement - due to the change in resistance of the coil due to the influence of temperature - are so far apart at the upper and lower temperature limits that a sufficiently large measuring range is achieved. The measuring accuracy and the resolution of the measuring device for the coil current must be taken into account.
  • the First voltage Ui which is applied to the coil during the first period Ti, should be selected as large as possible so that the current flowing in the coil becomes as large as possible in the course of the first period, namely so that it is during the first period at the lowest Operating temperature and taking into account tolerances, the armature does not yet move.
  • the first time period should be as short as possible so that the switch-on process is not unnecessarily delayed.
  • a fixed current limit Isoii can also be defined which is to be reached.
  • the measured value that is dependent on the temperature and thus on the coil resistance is the first time period Ti, which elapses until the current limit Isoii is reached.
  • this second alternative is somewhat more complex to implement, since the coil current has to be measured during the entire first time period Ti.
  • firstly the first voltage Ui must be kept constant until the predetermined current value Isoii is reached, and secondly the first voltage Ui or the current value Isoii to be achieved must be determined in such a way that the armature is not yet set in motion until the current limit Isoii is reached.
  • a constant first voltage Ui is applied to the coil during the first time period Ti. This means that there is no regulation of the current flowing in the coil.
  • the constant voltage is applied to the coil over the entire first period Ti.
  • the present invention allows simple temperature compensation without complex and expensive hardware.
  • no temperature sensor is required to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • It is just a corresponding current measuring device necessary to be able to measure the current flowing in the coil.
  • a small and inexpensive microcontroller can be used to carry out the method.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for electrical contactors.
  • the first time period Ti is fixed, the measured value being a current measurement value i Mess , which is determined at the end of the first time period Ti by measuring a current flowing in the coil, the first time period Ti and the first Voltage Ui can be selected such that the armature is not set in motion during the first period Ti.
  • this embodiment is easier to implement than the alternative with a fixed current limit
  • the second period immediately follows the first period. This ensures a short switch-on time.
  • the current value for the coil current must be taken into account, which has already been reached at the end of the first period and thereby forms the starting value for the pick-up phase during the second period T 2 .
  • the second voltage U 2 during the second time period T 2 is constant. This considerably simplifies the method according to the invention. In purely theoretical terms, however, it is conceivable to impress a certain voltage curve during the second period of time, the parameters of which are determined on the basis of the measured value determined.
  • a constant voltage in the context of this embodiment is also understood to mean an average voltage set by means of pulse width modulation during the second period of time.
  • the second voltage is determined as a function of the measured value in such a way that the armature when the contacts are closed always reaches the same speed regardless of the temperature of the bobbin.
  • the required pull-in voltage U 2 for a certain temperature-dependent measured value can be determined experimentally by means of corresponding series of measurements.
  • the switching device can, for example, be heated or cooled accordingly, with both the measured current value i Mess at the end of the first time period T 1 and the switching behavior at different starting voltages being measured during the second time period T 2 .
  • the second voltage is determined as a function of the measured value in such a way that the armature is always moved into the closed position in the same period of time when the contacts are closed, regardless of the temperature of the coil. This means that the time until the contacts close should always be the same.
  • the required pull-in voltage U 2 can be determined experimentally at a certain temperature-dependent measured value.
  • the second voltage U 2 is determined on the basis of the measured value by reading out a default value from a table stored in a memory.
  • a table stored in a memory This means that no complicated calculations are necessary during the switch-on process.
  • a cheap and simple microcontroller can be used for control.
  • the table mentioned is also preferably stored in the memory of the microcontroller used for control.
  • the specific values for the pick-up voltage (second voltage U 2 ) or other default values suitable for the control can be stored.
  • pulse width modulation default values can be stored instead of the specific voltage values. This is because the voltage values Ui and U 2 are preferably set by means of pulse width modulation.
  • Possible fluctuations in the supply voltage are preferably compensated for by corresponding changes in the pulse width modulation.
  • it is not necessary to determine specific values for the resistance and / or the temperature of the coil during operation.
  • the only decisive factor is the relationship, derived from the resistance or temperature, between the measured value and the specified value or voltage value U 2 .
  • an approximation function for calculating the default value on the basis of the measured value can be derived from the specifically determined default values or from the values for the second voltage U 2 , so that instead of a complete table, only the parameters of a calculation rule are stored in the memory of the microcontroller used for control must be transferred. Although this requires a bit more computing power but less memory. In this exemplary embodiment, too, possible fluctuations in the supply voltage are preferably compensated for by corresponding changes in the pulse width modulation.
  • the values for the pull-in voltage U2 associated with a certain measured value or the specified values mentioned above are preferably used for a larger temperature range, for example for a temperature range from a maximum of 0 ° C to at least 50 ° C, further preferred for a maximum temperature range of -20 ° C. to at least 80.degree. C., more preferably for a temperature range of at most -40.degree. C. to at least 110.degree. C., and particularly preferably it determines a temperature range of at most -60.degree. C. to at least 130.degree.
  • the values are stored in a section, and either the section itself or the arithmetic rule derived from it is transferred to the memory of the microcontroller.
  • the values for discrete temperatures are determined with a delta of 1 ° C, for example, or with larger differences of 5 ° C, for example. Since the specific temperatures ultimately play no role in the process, the input variable in the table is the measured value. For this reason, measured values with a constant delta are preferably used for the table, which is not reflected in a constant delta of the temperature.
  • the controller can switch to a hold mode. Since less force is required to hold the armature in the closed position than to tighten the armature, the power can be reduced.
  • the second time period T2 is fixedly predetermined, which further simplifies the method. Preferably, however, it can alternatively be provided that the second time period T2 ends when it is recognized by a suitable sensor system or evaluation that the armature is in the closed position. In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, too, the controller can then pass into the hold mode.
  • the invention also provides an electrical switching device according to the preamble of the independent claim 10, the control of which is designed and set up to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the control has a microcontroller in which a table with possible measured values and associated default values or, according to an alternative embodiment, a calculation rule for calculating a default value based on the measured value is stored.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a contactor according to the invention according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the contactor according to the invention from Figure 1, and
  • Figure 3 shows the current curve in the coil of the contactor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a contactor according to the invention 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the contactor 1 has a le diglich partially shown housing 10 and a contact point with double interruption.
  • the contact point consists of the two fixed contacts 5 and the movable contact bridge 6.
  • the contact bridge 6 is supported by contact compression springs 7 on a contact carrier 9, which is connected to the movable armature 3 of the electromagnetic drive of the contactor 1 via the switching rod 4.
  • the armature 3 and the yoke 8 of the electromagnetic drive are at least partially enclosed by the coil 2 of the electromagnetic drive.
  • the coil 2 When the coil 2 is energized by applying a sufficient voltage, the armature 3 is attracted against the force of the return spring 13 acting between yoke 8 and armature 3, so that the contacts are closed.
  • FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagram of the contactor according to the invention from FIG. 1.
  • a current measuring device 12 is used to measure the current flowing in the coil 2 during operation.
  • the component 15 is a voltage measuring device for measuring the supply voltage Uvers, which can be subject to certain fluctuations.
  • the measured variables of the current measuring device 12 and the voltage measuring device 15 are fed to a microcontroller 11, which processes the two measured variables and uses them to generate a control signal for the circuit breaker 17, via which the coil 2 is controlled.
  • a voltage supply 16 for the microcontroller is connected to the supply voltage Uv ers 1 1, the two measuring devices 12 and 15 and possibly for a driver to control the circuit breaker 17 connected.
  • a free-running diode 18 is also located on the coil 2.
  • the supply voltage is switched on via the supply voltage switch 14.
  • FIG. 3 shows the course of the current I flowing in the coil 2 over time t.
  • the switch-on process is divided into two phases.
  • a constant first voltage Ui is applied to the coil 2.
  • the first time period Ti is fixed, with the resulting current value i Mess in the coil 2 being measured at the end of the first time period Ti.
  • the first voltage Ui and the first time period Ti are selected such that the armature is not set in motion during the first time period Ti.
  • a suitable second voltage U2 is then established which is greater than the first voltage Ui and which is applied to the coil during a second time period T2 directly following the first time period T 1 2 is applied to move the armature 3 from the open position to the closed position and thereby close the contacts.
  • the second time period T2 thus represents the second phase of the switch-on process.
  • the second voltage U2 associated with a certain measured current value I Mess is read, for example, from a table stored in the microcontroller.
  • the control of the contactor switches to a hold mode.
  • the hold mode is maintained during the third time period T3.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour fermer les contacts d'un commutateur électrique pendant un processus de mise sous tension, le commutateur électrique présentant un entraînement électromécanique pourvu d'une bobine et d'une ancre pouvant se déplacer entre une position ouverte et une position fermée et la bobine étant alimentée en courant pour la fermeture des contacts du commutateur électrique. Selon l'invention, pendant une première durée, une première tension constante est d'abord appliquée à la bobine et une valeur de mesure est déterminée, où soit la première durée est définie de manière fixe et la valeur de mesure est une valeur de courant qui est déterminée à la fin de la première durée par mesure du courant passant dans la bobine, la première durée et la première tension étant choisies de manière telle que l'ancre n'est pas mise en mouvement pendant la première durée, soit la première tension est appliquée à la bobine jusqu'à ce qu'une valeur de courant déterminée du courant passant de la bobine soit atteint, la première durée étant la durée jusqu'à ce que cette valeur de courant déterminée soit atteinte, la première durée représentant la valeur de mesure, et la première tension étant choisie de manière telle que l'ancre n'est pas mise en mouvement pendant la première durée. En fonction de la valeur de mesure, une deuxième tension appropriée est déterminée qui est supérieure à la première tension et qui est appliquée pendant une deuxième durée à la bobine pour déplacer l'ancre à partir de la position ouverte dans la position fermée.
EP20717863.3A 2019-04-08 2020-04-08 Procédé pour fermer un contacteur et contacteur pourvu d'une compensation de température Pending EP3953958A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019109176.4A DE102019109176A1 (de) 2019-04-08 2019-04-08 Verfahren zum Schließen eines Schaltschützes und Schaltschütz mit Temperaturkompensation
PCT/EP2020/060022 WO2020208074A1 (fr) 2019-04-08 2020-04-08 Procédé pour fermer un contacteur et contacteur pourvu d'une compensation de température

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3953958A1 true EP3953958A1 (fr) 2022-02-16

Family

ID=70228062

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20717863.3A Pending EP3953958A1 (fr) 2019-04-08 2020-04-08 Procédé pour fermer un contacteur et contacteur pourvu d'une compensation de température

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20220157504A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3953958A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7436502B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102636165B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113906533A (fr)
DE (1) DE102019109176A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020208074A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102601427B1 (ko) 2022-10-25 2023-11-10 강미소 청색광 xled 모듈기반 살균측색센서를 이용한 살균측색방법

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60180032A (ja) * 1984-02-28 1985-09-13 株式会社ボッシュオートモーティブ　システム ソレノイド駆動回路
DE19808780A1 (de) * 1998-03-03 1999-09-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung eines Verbrauchers
JP4080313B2 (ja) * 2002-12-04 2008-04-23 三菱電機株式会社 電磁接触器のコイル駆動回路
DE602004032582D1 (de) * 2004-11-05 2011-06-16 Gen Electric Elektrischer kontaktor und zugeordnetes kontaktor-schliesssteuerverfahren
DE102008053816A1 (de) * 2007-10-26 2009-05-07 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zum Schutz einer ansteuerbaren Spule
JP4862064B2 (ja) * 2009-05-14 2012-01-25 三菱電機株式会社 電子制御装置
DE102010031333B4 (de) * 2010-07-14 2012-03-15 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes in einem Haushaltsgerät, Steuereinrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens und Haushaltsgerät mit einer derartigen Steuereinrichtung
DE102012112201A1 (de) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-18 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Temperaturbestimmung in Schützantrieben
US9766291B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2017-09-19 Rockwell Automation Technologies Inc. Cleaning and motor heating electromagnetic motor control switching
US9806641B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2017-10-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Detection of electric motor short circuits
CN107924787B (zh) * 2016-03-16 2019-06-18 富士电机机器制御株式会社 电磁接触器的操作线圈驱动装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20210147060A (ko) 2021-12-06
US20220157504A1 (en) 2022-05-19
JP7436502B2 (ja) 2024-02-21
JP2022527804A (ja) 2022-06-06
KR102636165B1 (ko) 2024-02-13
CN113906533A (zh) 2022-01-07
DE102019109176A1 (de) 2020-10-08
WO2020208074A1 (fr) 2020-10-15

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