EP3950293B1 - Device for drawing and compacting solid and elastic materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for drawing in and compacting solid and elastic materials in the field of collection, sorting, recycling and reprocessing of plastics, textiles, cardboard, paper, aluminum sheets etc. in industry, the processing of animal feed and storage materials for animal stables in agriculture Etc.

There are a variety of methods and devices for collecting, sorting, recycling and reprocessing of solid materials such as plastics, textiles, solid organic materials such as straw, hay, etc. are known, for example for sorting and collecting waste in large kitchens and households, packaging plants , logistics warehouses, mail order companies, for crumpling, shredding and pressing textiles, fibrous materials, cardboard and paper. When collecting materials in particular, various methods such as compacting by heating, crushing, heating and pressing under pressure are used to ensure space-saving storage before further recycling or destruction.

For example, from the EP 0 397 280 B1 a method and a device are known in which, by heating, plastic waste is provided in the form of thermoplastic packaging films in blocks, the plastic waste being introduced into a container having side walls, a bottom wall and a stamp; the plastic waste is compressed, heat is supplied to the plastic waste through the side walls of the container to soften the surface of the plastic waste, thereafter the plastic waste is cooled, whereby the softened outer layer becomes hard and the resulting compressed block-like plastic waste can be removed from the container, characterized in that the compression of the plastic waste is carried out at a pressure of 250 to 400 g/cm2, heat is also supplied to the plastic waste through the solid bottom wall of the container and by a stamp to heat the surface of the plastic waste at a temperature of 120 to 180 °C to soften and further melt, the cooling of the plastic waste is carried out by supplying air into the container by means of a fan or blower for 5 to 15 minutes, whereby the softened and melted outer layer becomes hard. The inner walls of the container are coated with Teflon to prevent the plastic from sticking to the inner walls.

The apparatus for the process appears to be of a simple design, but requires, by pre-treating the plastic by heating, for compression with pressure means, Cooling by air with a blower, etc. requires a high level of construction, process engineering and energy expenditure, which is above all costly and time-consuming.

In the EP 0 605 709 B1 is a device for disposing of household waste items, especially in the kitchen, made of materials such as plastic, metal, especially tinplate, glass, in a housing, for example in a piece of furniture, for the direct shredding of the waste items, via a chute of the Shredders can be assigned to several downstream containers for different types of material via a distribution shaft under the shredder.

This solution is also structurally complex and only suitable for receiving shredded waste and small amounts.

From the pamphlet EP 0 686 579 B1 there is also known a device for separately picking up, compacting and storing household waste. The facility includes a tilting door to receive the waste and a series of waste processing devices in which the waste products are compressed and compacted. This includes several receptacles for receiving various types of solid waste. Devices for positioning each receptacle under the respective processing device and a control panel with separate switches for each of the different types of waste, by means of which the respective waste can be positioned over the respective waste processing device. The device also includes devices for analyzing one or more properties of the waste to be disposed of, devices for monitoring the operations and for interrupting the waste processing process. Organic material is dried and crushed, plastic waste is compacted by a compactor so that the material can be crushed and transported. To do this, toothed rollers are used to shred plastic containers. When processing metals, a motor is used to drive a press. DE 21 59 513 A1 discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

This is also a device that is structurally complex and expensive and requires time-consuming pre-processing (drying, compressing, crushing, pressing) of the material in order to receive it in compacted receptacles and pass it on for further processing.

It was therefore the object of the invention to develop a device that ensures a cost-effective, simple structural design, that allows the user to use it in a short time and is highly efficient, and that can be used variably, in a space-saving manner, in a fixed location and/or transportable.

The object is achieved according to claim 1, characterized in that a device for drawing in and compacting solid and elastic materials was developed, characterized in that the frame consists of two horizontally and oppositely connected longitudinal beams and two oppositely arranged transverse beams is formed, the two Transverse beams are made in one piece and the two longitudinal beams are divided in the vertical direction and the separate parts of the respective longitudinal beam are movably bridged with a spring arranged on both sides, and can be pulled apart and contracted so that the longitudinal beams are parallel to their dividing surfaces on both sides and opposite one another at least by a shaft are connected, on each of which a gear roller is mounted, each of which is composed of a plurality of separate pinions which are arranged to rotate in opposite directions to one another and which mesh in the state of rest, with at least one of the shafts closing as a drive shaft a motor, it is provided that all pinions are spaced on both sides by metal sheets on the shafts, with the metal sheets on the shafts protruding radially beyond the pinions in the direction under the frame due to their identical outer contours, the sheet metal edges under the gear wheel rollers pointing away from these an interrupted, horizontal Form a plane and are held in a fixed and stable manner on opposite sides of the crossbars, which are designed in one piece, regardless of the rotation of the pinion.

It should be emphasized that the structure is simple and straightforward, and can be manufactured in a kit at low cost. The selection of more or less blunt-faced pinions with tooth flanks of different lengths and shorts up to the shaft surface and their spacing with metal sheets on both sides, as well as the mobility of the frame in the horizontal longitudinal direction, means that the distance between the gear rollers can be automatically mechanically adjusted by the arranged springs , given the strength of the material. In addition, to stabilize the feeding and pre-compacting effect of the device, for example for feeding air-filled packaging materials, the tooth flanks can also be equipped with one or more piercing or cutting elements, such as spikes or pointed blades. The material parts are not crushed, but flattened and pre-compacted, released into the receptacle underneath and further compacted.

Particularly noteworthy are the metal sheets arranged on the shafts between the pinions of the gear wheel rollers, which fulfill two functions. They protrude radially through their outer contour below the gear wheel rollers into the receiving container and are held firmly at the ends on the opposite transverse beams. The sheet metal edges, which point radially downwards, form an interrupted, stable holding surface over the entire horizontal width of the frame, which on the one hand prevents the drawn-in material from getting back into the gear wheel rollers and which, on the other hand, holds the material already in the receptacle in the direction of the same and mechanically compresses the material as the receptacle becomes increasingly full and compacts it more and more.

It is also very advantageous, according to claim 2, that the frame with the vertically separated longitudinal beams is mounted on both sides to be longitudinally movable on any mounting frame on rails or shafts and at least one motor is detachably arranged on the mounting frame for connection to at least one drive shaft. The fact that the frame can be flexibly arranged on any mounting frame adapted to the space available to the user, which ensures that the frame can be moved longitudinally on rails or on shafts as required, supports the versatile applicability of the respective user.

The material receptacle to be placed on the frame and the receptacle arranged on the underside, according to claim 3, ensures easy throwing in of the material to be drawn in and represents a significant safety factor for the users, in that they cannot come into contact with the gear wheel rollers. An additional sensor technology, for example, prevents the operator from accessing the gear wheel rollers when throwing the material to be recycled into the material receptacle and when changing the receptacle filled with the compacted material.

It is also advantageous that, according to claim 4, the metal sheets protruding into the receiving container prevent the material that has already been drawn in from being unintentionally returned to the gear wheel rollers, as a result of which the gear wheel shafts can be prevented from being blocked and these are thus secured against unwanted interruptions or failures of the device. Time-consuming repairs are consequently avoided.

According to claim 5, it should also be emphasized that the motor can be adjusted in such a way that it switches off in the event of overload, for example when the receptacle is full. This allows for a safety shutdown to avoid engine failure and ensures users know the receptacle is full and needs to be replaced.

It is particularly advantageous, according to claim 6, that for drawing in and pre-compacting material types and shapes that are also to be recycled, instead of gear wheel rollers, plastic or rubber rollers with different shapes and surface designs are to be used and the material types and shapes as well as sizes of all device parts are adapted to the respective areas of application are to be adjusted. This variant is particularly well made safety reasons, for example for pulling in PP, PET and polyester strapping. These comparatively narrow parts are held firmly by the peripheral surfaces of the plastic or rubber rollers with different shapes and surfaces and are consequently drawn straight and vertically downwards.

Finally, according to claim 7, the design of the assembly frame as a stationary frame or with arranged rollers supports the variability of the use of the frame according to the invention.

Fig.1

die prinzipielle perspektivische Draufsicht des erfindungsgemäßen Rahmengestells auf einem Montagegestell mit symbolisch angeordnetem Motor,

Fig.2

die prinzipielle perspektivische Ansicht des Rahmengestells von unten, mit geschlossenen Längsholmen, quer angeordneten Wellen und darauf angeordneten Zahnritzeln mit beabstandenten Blechen,

Fig.3

die prinzipielle perspektivische Ansicht des Rahmengestells von unten, mit geöffneten Längsholmen, und eingezogenem Material,

Fig.4

die prinzipielle Seitenansicht des Rahmengestells mit einer aufgesetzten Materialaufnahme und einem darunter angeordneten Aufnahmebehältnis und von Blechen vertikal geführtem Material, eingesetzt in einem mobilen Montagegestell.

The invention will be described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The drawings show in

Fig.1

the basic perspective top view of the frame according to the invention on a mounting frame with a symbolically arranged motor,

Fig.2

the basic perspective view of the frame from below, with closed longitudinal beams, transversely arranged shafts and pinions arranged on them with spaced metal sheets,

Fig.3

the basic perspective view of the frame from below, with the longitudinal bars open and the material drawn in,

Fig.4

the basic side view of the frame with an attached material holder and a receptacle arranged underneath and material guided vertically by metal sheets, used in a mobile assembly frame.

In the Fig.1 is a basic perspective top view of the frame 1 according to the invention with two oppositely arranged, centrally divided, closed, longitudinal bars 1.1 and two oppositely arranged transverse bars 1.2 made in one piece. On both sides of the dividing surfaces of the longitudinal beams 1.1, a shaft 5 is arranged, for example, each preferably with a gear roller 2, which is composed of several pinions 2.1 and which are spaced on both sides by metal sheets 6, the metal sheets 6, according to Fig.2 , Protrude vertically below the pinion 2.1 and are held stable with their contour at the end and opposite to the cross members 1.2 of the frame 1. For drawing in and pre-compacting special materials to be recycled, the tooth flanks of the pinion 2.1 can also be equipped with one or more piercing or cutting elements, such as spikes or pointed blades, to stabilize the feeding and pre-compacting effect of the device, for example also for feeding and pre-compacting air-filled packaging materials , to be equipped.

The two parts of the oppositely arranged longitudinal bars 1.1 are each bridged by a spring 4, not shown in the drawings, for example a tension spring, which, according to Fig.3 , are stretchable to be pushed apart in the horizontal longitudinal direction when material is inserted between the gear rollers 2 and, after the material has passed through the gear rollers 2, be pulled together again, whereby the gear rollers 2 again mesh. The frame 1 can initially be produced as a kit and is now stored on both sides in any mounting frame 8 with its longitudinal bars 1.1. So that the longitudinal horizontal movement of the frame 1 can be ensured, rails (not shown in detail in the drawings) are preferably arranged in the two opposite longitudinal parts of the mounting frame 8, in which the longitudinal beams 1.1 of the frame 1 move when material is picked up between the Can stretch gear rollers 2 in a horizontal plane and contract. A symbolically represented motor 3, preferably an electric motor, is coupled to one of the shafts 5, which serves as a drive shaft, and is fastened to the mounting frame 8 and detachably connected to the frame 1. Of course, several pairs of shafts 5 with gear wheel rollers 2 and plates 6 can be arranged next to one another or one below the other and each driven by one or more motors 3 .

According to Fig.4 a material holder 9 is placed on the frame 1, which is designed, for example, as a concave sheet metal jacket, which bridges the shafts 5 and the upward gear rollers 2 and closes them to the outside. The user can throw material into these from above, which falls into the frame 1 between the gear rollers 2, is caught by them and between the pinions 2.1 and the metal sheets 6 spaced apart into a receptacle 7 arranged under the frame 1, for example a plastic bag, is drawn in. The fuller the receptacle 7 becomes, the surface of the material rises upwards. The sheets 6 protrude from the frame 1 vertically into the receptacle 7 and form, according to Fig.2 and 3 , a broken plane directed vertically downwards, which pushes the surface of the material in the filled receptacle 7 down and progressively compacts it. If the plastic bag used, for example, fills up and the material cannot move any further downwards, the motor 3 is overloaded and automatically stops according to its previously performed adjustment. The users now know that the receptacle 7 has to be replaced and replaced with an empty receptacle 7 . According to Fig.4 the frame 1 is mounted, for example, on a mobile mounting frame 10 . The user can therefore move the completed device to another location where new material is ready to be pulled in and compacted.

For drawing in PP, PET and polyester strapping, instead of the gear rollers 2, plastic or rubber rollers with different shapes and surfaces can be arranged on the shafts, which are also spaced apart by metal sheets 6. This roller embodiment allows the strapping to be drawn in vertically and, above all, prevents it from being fed back between the plastic or rubber rollers.

List of reference symbols used

1

frame
1.1 Longitudinal bars divided vertically,
1.2 crossbars in one piece,

2

gear rollers,
2.1 toothed pinion,

3

Engine,

4

springs on the crossbars,

5

Wave,

6

sheets,

7

receptacle,

8th

mounting frame,

9

material intake,

10

mobile assembly frame

Claims (7)

1. A device for drawing in and compressing solid and elastic materials, the device consisting of a frame structure (1) on which geared, plastic or rubber rollers (2) which rotate in opposite directions toward one another are disposed, the rollers having different shapes and surfaces and being driven by a motor (3), wherein the frame structure (1) is made up of pairs of opposing connected horizontal longitudinal beams (1.1) and horizontal cross beams (1.2), characterized in that the two cross beams (1.2) are made in one piece and the two longitudinal beams (1.1) are split in half vertically, the separated parts of each longitudinal beam (1.1) being movably bridged by a spring (4) which is disposed on both sides, the two beams being pulled apart and pulled back together,

   that the longitudinal beams (1.1) opposite one another are connected at least by a respective shaft (5) on each side parallel to the split surfaces, a geared roller (2) being mounted on each shaft, each of said rollers being made up of a plurality of separate pinions (2.1) which are disposed rotatably relative to one another in opposite directions and which in the state of rest interlock with one another, at least one of the shafts (5) being provided as a drive shaft of a motor (3),

   that all of the pinions (2.1) are separated on both sides by plates (6) on the shafts (5), the plates (6), due to the identical outer contours thereof on the shafts (5), radially protruding past the pinions (2.1) in the direction of a receptacle (7) disposed under the frame structure (1), the plate edges below the geared rollers (2) forming an interrupted horizontal plane pointing away from the geared rollers, each of the plate edges also being held fixedly stable opposite to and under the cross beams (1.2) designed in one piece, independent of the rotation of the pinions (2.1).
2. The device for drawing in and compressing solid and elastic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame structure (1) with the vertically-split longitudinal beams (1.1) on both sides is mounted on an arbitrarily selected mounting structure (8) longitudinally movably on rails or shafts, and at least one motor (3) is detachably disposed on the mounting structure (8) for connection to the respective drive shaft.
3. The device for drawing in and compressing solid and elastic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame structure (1) is equipped with a material receiver (9) placed on top, and the receptacle (7) is disposed under the bottom of the frame structure and can be exchanged.
4. The device for drawing in and compressing solid and elastic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the material drawn in between the geared rollers (2) between the plates (6) which protrude into the receptacle (7) falls precompressed into the receptacle (7) being filled, and is compressed in the receptacle (7) by the horizontal plane of the plates (6), the plane formed in the receptacle (7) across the entire width of the frame structure (1), thereby preventing unwanted recirculation of the material back between the geared rollers (2).
5. The device for drawing in and compressing solid and elastic materials according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the receptacle (7) is full and the load on the motor (3) is becoming ever higher as a result, the device is shut down automatically according to the adjustment setting thereof, and the receptacle (7) containing the compressed solid material is exchanged.
6. The device for drawing in and compressing elastic material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to draw in and pre-compress material types and shapes that are to be recycled, plastic or rubber rollers having different shapes and surface designs are used instead of geared rollers (2), and the material types and shapes and material sizes of all device parts are adapted to the respective areas of application.
7. The device for drawing in and compressing solid and elastic materials according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective mounting structure (8) is equipped with a locally fixed or mobile mounting structure (10) for receiving the frame structure (1), depending on the area of use.

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