EP3948239A1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung eines farbwertes eines transparenten schüttguts - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung eines farbwertes eines transparenten schüttgutsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3948239A1 EP3948239A1 EP20713560.9A EP20713560A EP3948239A1 EP 3948239 A1 EP3948239 A1 EP 3948239A1 EP 20713560 A EP20713560 A EP 20713560A EP 3948239 A1 EP3948239 A1 EP 3948239A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- color value
- transparent
- measured
- volume element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 85
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMPGNGRIGSEMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl]phenol Chemical compound C1C(C)CC(C)(C)CC1(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 UMPGNGRIGSEMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004243 E-number Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019227 E-number Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-octadecanoyloxy-2,2-bis(octadecanoyloxymethyl)propyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006085 branching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/178—Methods for obtaining spatial resolution of the property being measured
- G01N2021/1785—Three dimensional
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
- G01N2021/8592—Grain or other flowing solid samples
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining an averaged color value of a transparent bulk material, a sample of a transparent bulk material with an averaged color value with a low standard deviation, and a shaped body which comprises such a sample.
- a color value of a transparent bulk material is often carried out for quality reasons. For example, waste glass from waste glass containers is first crushed in a roller crusher to a grain size of 10 - 50 mm and these individual shards are examined for their color. CCD cameras are used to take pictures of the shards flowing through. Every single piece of glass is analyzed on the individual images and, depending on the color detected, it is then separated from the main flow using a compressed air flow. This results in a breakdown of the main stream according to the colors of each individual sherd. This is important because when the glass is melted, even small concentrations of foreign colors can affect the overall color of the melted glass. A method for separating different types of glass by measuring individual particles in transmission is described, for example, in DE202004019684 U1.
- Transparent polymer granules are also examined for their color after their production for quality reasons.
- One aspect here is the bluish coloration of the granules, which is measured by means of transmission. A CCD camera would not be suitable for such coloring.
- an averaged color value is measured in the case of polymer granulates, since the bluish color deviation of a single granulate grain may not have such great deviations over the entire larger volume element under consideration.
- This color determination is usually carried out using a spectral method: a sample of a granulate volume is taken, a transparent plate of a defined thickness is produced by melting the granulate volume and cooling it again, preferably by injection molding, and this solidified plate is measured by recording a transmission spectrum.
- This method has the disadvantage that, due to the relatively high expenditure, such a measurement is only carried out every few hours during ongoing production. This results in a discrepancy in the color value during the measurement, possibly a very large amount of scrap, since it takes hours into the production process intervention is made to change corresponding parameters in production so that the desired averaged target color value is obtained again.
- WO2009 / 040291 A1 also describes the measurement of a flow of granules in reflection.
- the spectrometer used for this enables a measurement approx. Every 2 to 10 s.
- the object was therefore to remedy at least one disadvantage of the prior art.
- the present invention was based on the object of providing online color measurement even for cases in which an averaged color value of a transparent bulk material is to be determined. This should make it possible to react more quickly to color deviations, because these can be recognized more quickly while the product is running.
- a transparent bulk material such as a granulate, usually comprises a large number of discrete solid particles, which can all have a different shape.
- granules usually have a cylindrical and / or lenticular shape with essentially straight breaking edges.
- This non-uniform shape alone means that the method of determining a color value by means of transmission differs from image recording by means of a CCD camera in terms of reflection.
- a mean value is formed over the color values of a volume element which has a large number of individual granules (discrete solid particles)
- different values of the scattered light result for each of these individual granules.
- the scattered light results from the reflection, the total internal reflection, the presence or absence, fagging and size of vacuoles or cut edges, etc. All in all, this is the case with such inhomogeneous bulk goods Stray light very high.
- the actual color information which is the target of the measurement, can be covered by this scattered light. It was therefore very surprising that a direct measurement of a granulate by means of transmission leads to usable results with regard to the color value obtained.
- the air spaces that is to say parts of the volume element to be measured in which there are no discrete solid particles, influence the measured values.
- a method for determining an averaged color value of a sample of a transparent bulk material comprising a plurality of transparent, discrete solid particles, the determination being carried out continuously over various volume elements of the sample, the volume element to be measured being at least immediately in front of the sample and moved after the measurement, so that the bulk density of each volume element to be measured can be different, a color value being obtained for each volume element measured and this color value subsequently being averaged over a number of the volume elements measured in order to obtain the averaged color value, thereby characterized in that the color value of each volume element to be measured is obtained by recording a transmission spectrum in a labor length range of 360-780 nm or by direct determination of the tristimulus values XYZ in transmission and z To calculate the averaged color value, only color values of a measured volume element are taken into account for which a CIELab coordinate L * of less than or equal to 95 was obtained from the measured data.
- the data obtained using the method according to the invention is only reliable if values for the one CIELab coordinate L *, which are calculated from the measured data, are only taken into account if they are less than or equal to 95, preferably less than or equal to 90, particularly preferably less than or equal to 85 and very particularly preferably less than or equal to 80. Averaged color values which are reliable are only obtained by correcting the data for this maximum L * value. Otherwise, values with too high L * values are also included in the mean value of the averaged color value, which means that the resulting mean value is not very meaningful. As a result of this adjustment of the values, essentially all values are not taken into account according to the invention which arise from the measurement of an air space. This means that they are essentially values that are not Contain color information of the discrete solid parts and thus only cover the desired information.
- color values of a measured volume element are preferably taken into account for calculating the averaged color value for which a CIELab coordinate L * of greater than or equal to 5, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 10, very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 20 was obtained from the measured data.
- values can thus be filtered out from the calculation of the mean value which have arisen due to a blockage of the discrete solid particles. Such a blockage can arise, for example, through the overlapping of two discrete solid particles.
- the averaged color values obtained are hardly temperature-dependent.
- the color of a sample depends on the temperature of the sample (thermochromism). If, for example, it is a polymer granulate which is granulated in an extruder, the granulate has a temperature gradient immediately after this extruder due to the production process (warmer inside than outside). Depending on the type of extruder, the individual granules can therefore have different temperatures, since, for example, more water can be present on the surface of the granules, which evaporates and thereby extracts heat from the granules.
- thermochromic effect in the method according to the invention is negligibly small.
- the method according to the invention is therefore very flexible, since the target color values are independent of the temperature of the granulate. This leads in particular to increased flexibility with regard to the type of cooling of the granulate immediately before the measurement.
- the same color values are obtained if the transparent bulk material is subsequently measured if it has a homogeneous temperature and no temperature gradient. Without wishing to be bound by a theory, it is assumed that by determining an average value of different color values, the thermochromic effect is also partially averaged out.
- the method according to the invention can be used to implement online measurement during production, as a result of which color values can be determined more quickly and more efficiently.
- response times with regard to necessary adaptations of the Process parameters in production are significantly reduced, resulting in a more stable production process and less scrap material.
- working time and energy are saved.
- the method according to the invention can also be carried out at-line, which also results in the advantages mentioned above.
- a sample of a transparent bulk material is measured.
- the term “transparent” is preferably understood to mean a material which has a DE for achromatic of less than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 5.
- the DE is known to the person skilled in the art and is defined, for example, in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11664-4 (2011).
- transparent means that the sample has a transmission Y> 50%, preferably> 65%, very particularly preferably> 85% measured on a sample with a 4 mm layer thickness based on a D65 radiator and a 10 ° observer according to DIN EN ISO 11664- 4 (2011).
- the transmission Y is defined in DIN EN ISO 11664-1 (2011).
- the term “transparent” particularly preferably means that a DE for achromatic of less than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 5 and a transmission Y> 50%, preferably> 65%, very particularly preferably> 85% measured on a Sample with 4 mm layer thickness based on a D65 emitter and a 10 ° observer according to DIN EN ISO 11664-4 (2011) is present.
- the transparent bulk material comprises a large number of transparent, discrete solid particles.
- a “discrete solid particle” is preferably understood to mean a particle which can differ in its shape and, if appropriate, color from the other particles of the entire plurality of particles in the sample. These are preferably particles which have at least one length, height or width at least 0.5 to 5 mm. Furthermore, it is preferred that the discrete solid particles of the sample do not have a uniform shape.
- one parameter of the height, width, length of the discrete solid particle cannot be identical to the other two parameters of height, width and length.
- a spherical shape and a cube shape are preferably excluded.
- the discrete solid particles very particularly preferably have a cylindrical and / or lens-like shape.
- This cylindrical and / or lenticular shape is preferably characterized in that the discrete solid particles have a length of 0.5 to 5 mm, a width of 0.5 to 5 mm and have a thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm.
- the discrete solid particles are very particularly preferably produced by means of a granulator. The result is that the discrete solid particles of the transparent sample are granules. These granules are furthermore preferably obtained by an extrusion process.
- the sample of a transparent bulk material to be measured according to the invention comprises a transparent polymer. It can preferably also consist of a transparent polymer, it being possible for the polymer to contain traces of the residues that arise during production.
- the transparent polymer is furthermore preferably selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polymethacrylate, polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers; the transparent sample is very particularly preferably a polycarbonate.
- Polycarbonates in the context of the present invention are both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates and / or polyester carbonates; the polycarbonates can be linear or branched in a known manner. Mixtures of polycarbonates can also be used according to the invention.
- various volume elements of the sample of the transparent bulk material are measured continuously.
- the individual volume elements preferably comprise more than one transparent, discrete solid particle.
- the respective volume element of the sample to be measured moves at least immediately before and after the measurement.
- the volume element of the sample can be braked briefly for the measurement. However, it is preferred that the volume element of the sample also moves at the time of the measurement.
- the speed at which the volume element moves is lower than the measurement speed.
- the individual volume elements are preferably measured while they are brought from a height h1 to a height h2, where h1> h2.
- the volume element of the bulk material to be measured trickles down.
- the flow rate of a volume element to be measured is preferably 0.5 to 10 kg per minute, particularly preferably 0.75 to 5 kg per minute and very particularly preferably 1 to 4 kg per minute.
- the flow rate can be adjusted using methods known to those skilled in the art. This can preferably be set to the desired value by means of a diaphragm and using gravity or by means of a diaphragm and a conveying device.
- the term “bulk density” is preferably understood to mean the state of the discrete solid particles in a volume element.
- the state here comprises at least the parameter of the number of discrete solid particles per volume.
- this state can also include the orientation of the discrete solid particles when the discrete solid particles do not have a uniform shape.
- a color value is obtained for each measured volume element. According to the invention, however, not all color values are taken into account for determining the averaged color value, but only those for which a CIELab coordinate L * of less than or equal to 95 was obtained from the measured data.
- the term “color value” preferably includes values that can be calculated from the color values XYZ.
- the term “color value” particularly preferably includes the transmission Y in%, the F * a * b * values and / or the yellowness index (YI) (preferably according to ASTM E 313-10 (observer: 10 ° / spruce type: D65) on sample plates with a layer thickness of 4 mm).
- This color value is then averaged over a number of the measured volume elements in order to obtain the averaged color value.
- the color value of each volume element to be measured is obtained by recording a transmission spectrum in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or by direct determination of the color values XYZ in transmission. If a transmission spectrum is recorded in the wavelength range from 360-780 nm, alternatively from 400 to 700 nm, the Fab values are calculated from this according to CIEFab. This color space and the corresponding calculation are known to the person skilled in the art.
- F represents the brightness, a the shift on the red-green axis and b the shift on the blue-yellow axis.
- the Fab values are calculated in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11664-4 (2011).
- the color values XYZ values are obtained directly by measuring in transmission. These values are known as color values XYZ or tristimulus values. These three values each specify a color in a color space in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
- the a *, b * values and the transmission Y or the F * value calculated from the transmission Y are calculated from the XYZ values.
- the CIEFab values be calculated in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11664-4 (2011).
- a spectrophotometer and / or an XYZ detector is used for the measurement.
- the XYZ detector has the advantage that this can measure particularly quickly because it only records three values. As a result, the speed at which the volume element to be measured moves at least immediately before and after the measurement can also be high. This means that, for example, the production process can be run quickly and thus efficiently.
- a volume element is preferred at least every 0.1 ms to at most every 2s, particularly preferably every 0.5 ms to every 1.5, further preferably every 1 ms to at most every 1 s and very particularly preferably every 10 ms to at most every 1 s measured. It is also preferred that 2000 to 7000, preferably 3000 to 6000 and very particularly preferably 4500 to 5500 volume elements are measured and the averaged color value is obtained by averaging this number, for example from 2000 to 7000, preferably 3000 to 6000 and very particularly preferably 4500 to 5500 measured volume elements, provided that these measured volume elements have a CIELab coordinate L * of less than or equal to 95. This means that overall not all measured volume elements are included in the averaging for calculating the averaged color value.
- At least 4500 particularly preferably at least 3000, very particularly preferably at least 2000 and particularly preferably at least 1000 measured volume elements with a CIELab coordinate L * of less than or equal to 95 contribute to the mean value of the averaged color value.
- a high precision of the method according to the invention can be guaranteed by this high number of measuring points. It is further preferred that to measure the 2000 to 7000, preferably 3000 to 6000 and very particularly preferably 4500 to 5500 volume elements, 100 g to 10 kg, preferably 250 g to 8 kg and very particularly preferably 500 g to 7 kg of the sample are measured . It turned out that the combination of a large number of measurements and a high measuring speed is comparable to a quasi-stationary state. This has the advantage that the description of the state of the moving transparent sample is simplified with the method according to the invention. In particular, the precision obtained in the method according to the invention is higher than in methods of the prior art in which measurements are made in reflection.
- the randomization preferably takes place via a random generator Monte Carlo Mechanism.
- the randomization can very particularly preferably take place using the MiniTab version 17 software.
- the randomization of the individual color values for each volume element is carried out in such a way that at least 4500 data, particularly preferably at least 2000 data and very particularly preferably at least 1000 data are included in the calculation of the averaged color value. It has been found to be advantageous that the randomization can minimize disruptive influences from the test sequence.
- the method according to the invention is particularly preferably used for quality control of the transparent sample. It is further preferred that the quality control is carried out during the production of the transparent sample. It is clear to the person skilled in the art at which point in the manufacturing process he would like to carry out the quality control in a meaningful way. If, for example, the production process involves the production of polycarbonate, the quality control is preferably carried out after the granulator, very particularly preferably immediately after the granulator. Due to the high reproducibility of the method according to the invention, the quality control is significantly improved.
- Target color value range the method according to the invention is a relative method.
- the fulfillment of a color target is therefore preferably checked by evaluating the difference between, for example, the database values of reference samples and the averaged color value of the measured sample. It is preferred that the method according to the invention only measures deviations in the averaged color value. This has the advantage that absolute values of the averaged color value often depend on the apparatus used. This means that the same target color value deviation can be defined for different systems and the process can be standardized.
- the target color value is particularly preferably determined by measuring an injection-molded color plate of the transparent reference sample by recording a transmission spectrum in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or by directly determining the color values XYZ in transmission, the transparent reference sample having the desired color value.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the method comprises the following step in addition to steps (a) and (b):
- step (c) if the averaged color value obtained from step (a) deviates from the target color value range in the comparison of step (b), discarding the corresponding volume elements of the transparent sample with the deviating averaged color value.
- the waste of transparent sample that results from step (c) can be reduced in comparison to the method of the prior art.
- the control loop is shorter according to the invention, so that deviations from the target color value range can be recognized more quickly.
- the manufacturing process can also be intervened more quickly. This leads to an improvement in the homogeneity of the batch or to a narrower distribution of the sample in the target color value range.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the method is used for quality control in the production of the transparent sample and that it comprises the following step in addition to steps (a) and (b) and optionally (c):
- step (d) if the averaged color value obtained from step (a) deviates from the target color value range in the adjustment of step (b), intervention in the manufacturing process of the transparent sample by adjusting at least one parameter of the manufacturing process.
- the colorant concentration is preferably adjusted in step (d).
- thermochromic effect is negligible in the method according to the invention.
- the process according to the invention is particularly preferably carried out in a temperature range from 20 to 80.degree. C., preferably from 30 to 75.degree.
- the transparent sample can have a temperature gradient of 120 to 20 ° C.
- a temperature sensor is integrated. This is preferably integrated immediately before the measurement according to the method according to the invention. The measurement takes place here in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example by measuring in the granulate.
- a sample of a transparent bulk material comprising a multiplicity of transparent, discrete solid particles, characterized in that the standard deviation of the CIELab coordinate a * of any volume element from the target value a * -0.3 to 0.3, preferably -0.2 to 0.2 and very particularly preferably -0.1 to 0.1, the CIELab coordinate a * from a transmission spectrum of any volume element of the transparent sample in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or is determined by direct determination of the color values XYZ in transmission and any volume element has a CIELab coordinate L * of less than or equal to 95, preferably less than or equal to 90, particularly preferably less than or equal to 85 and very particularly preferably less than or equal to 80. It is also preferred that any volume element has a CIELab coordinate L * greater than or equal to 5, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 10, very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 20.
- a sample of a transparent bulk material comprising a large number of transparent, discrete solid particles, characterized in that the standard deviation of the CIELab coordinate b * of any volume element from the target value b * is -1.1 to 1.1, preferably -0.7 to 0.7 and very particularly preferably -0.5 to 0.5, the CIELab coordinate b * being determined from a transmission spectrum of any volume element of the transparent sample in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or by direct means Determination of the color values XYZ in transmission and any volume element has a CIELab coordinate L * of less than or equal to 95, preferably less than or equal to 90, particularly preferably less than or equal to 85 and very particularly preferably less than or equal to 80. It is also preferred that any volume element has a CIELab coordinate L * of greater than or equal to 5, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 10, very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 20.
- the present invention provides a sample of a transparent bulk material, comprising a large number of transparent, discrete solid particles, characterized in that the standard deviation of the transmission Y of any volume element from the target transmission value Y -0.5 to 0.5, preferably - 0.4 to 0.4 and particularly preferably -0.3 to 0.3, the transmission Y being determined from a transmission spectrum of any volume element of the transparent sample in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or by direct determination of the color values XYZ is determined in transmission and any volume element has a CIELab coordinate L * of less than or equal to 95, preferably less than or equal to 90, particularly preferably less than or equal to 85 and very particularly preferably less than or equal to 80. It is also preferred that any volume element has a CIELab coordinate L * greater than or equal to 5, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 10, very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 20.
- the sample according to the first or third embodiment is preferably characterized in that the standard deviation of the CIELAb coordinate b * of any volume element from the target value b * -1.1 to 1.1, preferably -0.7 to 0 , 7 and very particularly preferably -0.5 to 0.5, the CIELab coordinate b * being determined from a transmission spectrum of any volume element of the transparent sample in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or by direct determination of the color value XYZ in transmission becomes.
- sample in a fifth embodiment according to the first, second or fourth embodiment is preferably characterized in that the standard deviation of the transmission Y of any volume element from the transmission target value -0.5 to 0.5, preferably -0.4 to 0.4 and particularly preferably -0.3 to 0.3, the transmission Y being determined from a transmission spectrum of any volume element of the transparent sample in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or being determined by direct determination of the color values XYZ in transmission.
- the sample is preferably characterized in that the standard deviation of the CIELab coordinate a * of any volume element from the target value a * is -0.3 to 0.3, preferably -0.2 to 0 , 2 and very particularly preferably -0.1 to 0.1, wherein the CIELab coordinate a * is determined from a transmission spectrum of any volume element of the transparent sample in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or by direct determination of the color value XYZ in transmission.
- the sample according to the invention according to one of the above-mentioned embodiments is preferably characterized in that the standard deviation of the yellowness index YI of any volume element from the yellowness index target value YI is -0.5 to 0.5, preferably -0.4 to 0, 4 and particularly preferably -0.3 to 0.3, the yellowness index YI being determined from a transmission spectrum of any volume element of the transparent sample in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or by direct determination of the color values XYZ in transmission.
- the YI is preferably determined in accordance with ASTM E 313-10 (observer: 10 ° / Fichtart: D65) on sample plates with a layer thickness of 4 mm.
- the method according to the invention leads to the control loop becoming shorter when producing a transparent bulk material, preferably a transparent polymer.
- This improves the homogeneity of a sample of the transparent bulk material. This means that if any discrete solid particle is removed from the sample of the transparent bulk material and this is measured in relation to the target color value, the probability that this has the target color value range is higher than in the case of the methods of the prior art.
- Any volume element of the sample according to the invention thus has a narrower distribution of the target color value range than the volume elements of the prior art. It is preferred here that any volume element has at least 1000 to 5000 discrete solid particles.
- the inventive sample of a transparent bulk material comprises a transparent polymer. It can preferably also consist of a transparent polymer, it being possible for the polymer to contain traces of the residues that arise during production.
- the transparent polymer is furthermore preferably selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polymethacrylate, polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers; the transparent sample is very particularly preferably a polycarbonate.
- the sample according to the invention exclusively comprises absorbent, non-scattering colorants and / or pigments for coloring.
- the sample according to the invention can comprise further non-scattering additives. Some of these can also result from the manufacturing process of the sample according to the invention.
- the sample according to the invention can optionally contain, in addition to the aforementioned absorbent, non-scattering colorants and / or pigments for coloring, at least one further additive which is selected from the group consisting of UV absorbers, IR absorbers, flame retardants, mold release agents, stabilizers and Nanoparticles. It must be ensured that the sample according to the invention continues to be transparent. This preferably means that it fulfills the definition of the term “transparent” given above.
- the term “non-scattering” means that the sample has a haze, measured on a 4 mm platelet, of less than 5% according to ASTM D 1003 (2011 edition).
- a shaped body which comprises the sample according to the invention as described above. It is further preferred that the shaped body is formed by melting the sample according to the invention and cooling it until it solidifies.
- the moldings according to the invention can, for example, by injection molding, extrusion and blow molding procedure are produced. Another way of producing molded bodies is deep drawing from previously produced plates or foils.
- the molding according to the invention can also preferably contain customary polymer additives such as impact modifiers, flame retardants, flame retardant synergists, antidripping agents (for example compounds from the substance classes of fluorinated polyolefins, silicones and aramid fibers), lubricants and mold release agents (for example pentaerythritol tetrastearate), nucleating agents, antistatic agents and stabilizers Contain reinforcing materials (for example glass or carbon fibers, mica, kaolin, talc, CaCOs and glass flakes) as well as dyes and pigments.
- customary polymer additives such as impact modifiers, flame retardants, flame retardant synergists, antidripping agents (for example compounds from the substance classes of fluorinated polyolefins, silicones and aramid fibers), lubricants and mold release agents (for example pentaerythritol tetrastearate), nucleating agents, antistatic agents and stabilizers Cont
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a device for determining an averaged color value of a sample of a transparent bulk material, the sample comprising a plurality of transparent, discrete solid particles, comprising a device for setting the volume element of the sample to be measured in motion, wherein the volume element to be measured the sample moves at least immediately before and after the measurement, so that the bulk density of each volume element to be measured can be different, and a spectrophotometer for recording a transmission spectrum of each measured volume element in the transparent sample in a wavelength range of 360-780 nm or a XYZ detector for the continuous determination of the color values XYZ in transmission of each measured volume element in the transparent sample, a color value being obtained for each measured volume element and this color value subsequently via a e number of measured volume elements is averaged in order to obtain the averaged color value, the spectrophotometer being adjusted so that only data for measured volume elements are taken into account for calculating the averaged color value, which have a CIEFab coordinate F * of less than or equal to
- the spectrophotometer is adjusted with the aid of adjustment standards.
- the term “adjustment standards” is preferably understood to mean samples that have a defined transmission.
- the method according to the invention is preferably carried out with the device according to the invention. All the preferences described in relation to the process according to the invention also apply are also for the device according to the invention.
- the device according to the invention preferably comprises a stream of the transparent sample already described. It is particularly preferred that the transparent sample, as already described above, moves continuously.
- the device according to the invention preferably comprises a light source which is arranged in such a way that it illuminates the flow of the transparent sample. It is preferably arranged essentially at right angles to the flow of the transparent sample.
- the light source is suitable for recording a transmission spectrum or the color values with the device according to the invention in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. It is particularly suitable for recording the color values XYZ.
- a receiver is preferably arranged at the point at which light arrives after the light from the light source has penetrated the current of the transparent sample. The receiver preferably directs the received light to a color measuring device. It is further preferred that the color measuring device comprises either an XYZ detector or a spectrophotometer.
- the data from the detector or spectrophotometer are preferably passed on to a computing unit.
- the arithmetic unit calculates averaged color value in which a color value is obtained for each measured volume element and this color value is then averaged over a number of the measured volume elements in order to obtain the averaged color value.
- the invention also relates to the use of an XYZ detector for determining the color values XYZ in transmission in a continuous measurement of a transparent sample.
- an XYZ detector for determining the color values XYZ in transmission in a continuous measurement of a transparent sample.
- FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. The reference symbols meant:
- the device according to the invention has the effect that online measurement of the color value is made possible, so that manufacturing processes can be run more flexibly, faster, more effectively and more economically.
- Figure 2 shows the CIELab coordinate L * versus the number of measured volume elements for a polycarbonate sample. In this case, the data according to the invention were not corrected using a maximum L * value.
- FIG. 3 shows a box plot in relation to the CIELab coordinates a * and b *, which was created from the data in FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows the CIELab coordinate L * versus the number of measured volume elements for the same polycarbonate sample as in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 5 shows a box plot in relation to the CIELab coordinates a * and b *, which was created from the data in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the CIELab coordinate L * versus the number of measured volume elements for the same polycarbonate sample as in FIG. 2.
- an adjustment of the data according to the invention over a maximum L * value of 90 was carried out.
- FIG. 7 shows a box plot in relation to the CIELab coordinates a * and b *, which was created from the data in FIG.
- the glass plates were each 2 mm thick.
- White FED lighting was used as the spruce source (4).
- a collimator lens was used as a filter element (2) to reduce the scattered light (3).
- the XYZ detector PRO 128 - CIEFAB Color Sensor from Premosys (5) and a VIS spectrophotometer from Ocean Optics (9) were used as the receiver.
- the XYZ color values were measured directly by the sensor. A total of one volume element was measured every 16 ms.
- Example 1 bisphenol A-based polycarbonate with mold release agent and UV absorber The sample was measured as described above. About 10500 color values were obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows the unfiltered F * values of the sample versus the number of volume elements measured.
- a box plot was formed from these values with the MiniTab 17 software in relation to the CIEFab coordinates a * and b * (FIG. 3). The formation of a box plot is known to the person skilled in the art. It gives a statistical statement about the range in which 50% of all data received lie (within the box shown).
- target values are defined in FIG. 3 (1.2 to 2.6 for the CIEFab coordinate a * and -5.8 to -3.2 for the CIEFab coordinate b *). These target values correspond to the CIEFab coordinates of the measured granulate obtained using the prior art platelet method. In FIG. 3 it becomes clear that a large part of the boxes in the box plot lie outside the target values.
- FIG. 4 shows the same data as FIG. 2, but the data has been cleaned up to the extent that data which have a CIEFab coordinate F * greater than 95 have been hidden (data cleansing according to the invention).
- the resulting box plot can be seen in FIG.
- the cleansing of the data means that the boxes for the CIELab coordinates a * and b * are located in the target areas much better than in FIG. 3 with the unfiltered data. This effect can be improved a little if the data are cleaned up again to the extent that data which have a CIELab coordinate L * greater than 90 have been masked out (FIGS. 6 and 7).
- Example 2 Randomization of the data of a bisphenol-A-based polycarbonate
- the values shown in the following tables correspond to the mean color value of a sample batch.
- the values shown are each an average value over approx. 5000 volume elements.
- the color values were not included in the calculation of the averaged color value, which had a CIELab coordinate L * greater than 95.
- the temperature was measured by means of a temperature sensor in the direct granulate flow immediately in front of the measuring cell.
- a 4 mm thick platelet was injection molded from a measured volume element (values “platelet” in the tables). These were measured at room temperature.
- the delta-a *, delta-b * and Y values were calculated according to CIELab in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11664-4 (2011).
- the yellowness index (YI) based on the color values XYZ was calculated according to ASTM E 313-10 (observer: 10 ° / type of light: D65).
- Example 5 Bisphenol-A-based polycarbonate with 0.4% by weight of branching agent and thermal stabilizer
- Example 6 Polycarbonate based on bisphenol A and bisphenol TMC with demolding and thermal stabilizer As the results show, the averaged color values obtained according to the invention are comparable to those obtained using the prior art colored flake method. These results apply to all different polymer samples used. In particular, it is surprising that the temperature of the granulate has hardly any influence on the averaged color values obtained.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19165157 | 2019-03-26 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/057713 WO2020193383A1 (de) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-03-20 | Verfahren zur bestimmung eines farbwertes eines transparenten schüttguts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3948239A1 true EP3948239A1 (de) | 2022-02-09 |
Family
ID=65991595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20713560.9A Withdrawn EP3948239A1 (de) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-03-20 | Verfahren zur bestimmung eines farbwertes eines transparenten schüttguts |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220170862A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3948239A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2022526326A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20210143188A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN113574363A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020193383A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3922902A1 (de) * | 1989-07-12 | 1991-01-17 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung einer farbigen kunststoff-formmasse |
| US5448069A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1995-09-05 | Buhler Ag Maschinenfabrik | Infrared measurement of constituents of particulate foodstuffs |
| US5568266A (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-10-22 | Mts Colorimetrie | Colorimeter and colorimetrical control device |
| US7016036B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2006-03-21 | General Electric | Method for performing a spectroscopic analysis on a polymer sample, and related articles |
| DE202004019684U1 (de) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-02-09 | Commodas Daten- Und Systemtechnik Nach Mass Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Licht-Analyse von Partikeln |
| WO2009040291A1 (de) | 2007-09-21 | 2009-04-02 | Basf Se | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung von farbeigenschaften von kunststoffgranulaten |
| GB0907526D0 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-06-10 | Buhler Sortex Ltd | The measurement of a quality of granular product in continuous flow |
-
2020
- 2020-03-20 KR KR1020217030231A patent/KR20210143188A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-03-20 US US17/437,186 patent/US20220170862A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-03-20 WO PCT/EP2020/057713 patent/WO2020193383A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-03-20 JP JP2021556998A patent/JP2022526326A/ja active Pending
- 2020-03-20 EP EP20713560.9A patent/EP3948239A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-03-20 CN CN202080024187.2A patent/CN113574363A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20210143188A (ko) | 2021-11-26 |
| JP2022526326A (ja) | 2022-05-24 |
| CN113574363A (zh) | 2021-10-29 |
| US20220170862A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
| WO2020193383A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0953007B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung farbneutraler polymethylmethacrylat-formmassen | |
| EP0776931B1 (de) | Farb- und witterungsstabile Schlagzäh-Formmassen auf Basis Polymethylmethacrylat und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
| DE1273193C2 (de) | Verwendung von formmassen aus polyaethylenterephthalat und polymeren olefinen fuer spritzgussmassen | |
| DE60307643T2 (de) | Analytisches system und verfahren zum messen und steuern eines herstellungsverfahrens | |
| DE102007025320B4 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Analyse von Gegenständen | |
| WO2021121558A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung und klassifizierung von polykristallinem silicium | |
| DE10311437A1 (de) | Laser-Sinter-Pulver mit PMMI, PMMA und/oder PMMI-PMMA-Copolymeren, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Formkörper, hergestellt aus diesem Laser-Sinterpulver | |
| DE102020122220A1 (de) | Rohrziehbares Glas, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung | |
| EP3181617A1 (de) | Polymerpulver für powder bed fusion-verfahren | |
| EP3847210A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer formmasse mit verbesserten eigenschaften | |
| EP3948239A1 (de) | Verfahren zur bestimmung eines farbwertes eines transparenten schüttguts | |
| DE4434815C2 (de) | Verfahren zum Markieren von thermo- oder duroplastischen Polymeren | |
| DE3026688C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen, porösen Polymerteilchen | |
| DE102006031534A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Kunststoffen | |
| DE212022000027U1 (de) | Polymerpulverzusammensetzung für additives Herstellungsverfahren, die einen Erfassungszusatzstoff umfasst, und durch das Verfahren erhaltener Gegenstand | |
| EP3181641A1 (de) | Polymerpulver für powder bed fusion-verfahren | |
| DE2925519C2 (de) | Thermoplastische Formmasse, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung | |
| DE102004050480A1 (de) | Pigment für laserbeschriftbare Kunststoffe und dessen Verwendung | |
| EP3853303B1 (de) | Thermoplastische polymerpulver und deren anwendung für das selektive lasersintern | |
| WO2004080679A1 (de) | Thermoplastgranulate | |
| EP3576947B1 (de) | Material zur verarbeitung im selektiven-laser-sinter-verfahren, daraus hergestellter formkörper, sowie verwendung im sls-verfahren | |
| DE102018219303A1 (de) | Verzugsoptimiertes Kunststoffpulver | |
| EP4417641A1 (de) | Pulver insbesondere für eine schichtweise herstellung von dreidimensionalen objekten | |
| EP4162252B1 (de) | Verfahren zur bestimmung von mindestens einer kenngrösse einer partikelgrössenverteilung sowie eine vorrichtung mit einer messeinrichtung | |
| DE102022129476A1 (de) | Grobes Flammschutzmittel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20211026 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20230323 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230803 |