EP3946799A1 - Verfahren zum laser-verschweissen mit einer mobilen unterdruckkammer und unterdruckkammer dafür - Google Patents
Verfahren zum laser-verschweissen mit einer mobilen unterdruckkammer und unterdruckkammer dafürInfo
- Publication number
- EP3946799A1 EP3946799A1 EP20717574.6A EP20717574A EP3946799A1 EP 3946799 A1 EP3946799 A1 EP 3946799A1 EP 20717574 A EP20717574 A EP 20717574A EP 3946799 A1 EP3946799 A1 EP 3946799A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- joint gap
- gap
- welding
- joint
- pressure chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
- B23K26/034—Observing the temperature of the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/044—Seam tracking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/1224—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for laser welding two
- the invention also relates to a mobile vacuum chamber comprising a chamber housing with a
- Has opening the opening edge of which can be placed on the joint partner surface in a sealed manner and which has a coupling area for a laser beam opposite the opening.
- Vacuum conditions can be made.
- Welding under a vacuum chamber has the advantage that, on the one hand, oxidation of the joining partners is avoided or at least reduced and that a smaller melt pool is formed around the laser beam. Furthermore, a higher welding depth compared to the
- Atmospheric pressure can be achieved.
- Welding consumables can be introduced into the vacuum chamber and only under this zero gap condition without welding consumables can a notch-free connection without seam incidence between the joining partners be achieved.
- Joining partners understood to be smaller than 25 micrometers. It can be seen that compliance with such a condition is difficult to achieve, especially with large thicknesses of the joining partners, in particular because of the tolerances that occur under manufacturing conditions.
- the process of welding under a vacuum chamber has thus hitherto required a very precise pretreatment of the parts to be joined and has therefore not yet become established in the welding of parts to be joined with a comparatively large thickness, in particular greater than 10 mm.
- this object is achieved in that, before the start of the welding, the joint gap is closed in all surface areas of the joint partners in which the joint gap is open to the environment, except for a start area, and the non-closed start area of the joint gap is completely covered by the mobile vacuum chamber will and the
- Negative pressure chamber is placed under negative pressure and with the negative pressure chamber through the non-closed start area of the joint gap, the entire closed space formed between the joint partners in the joint gap sealed to the outside is evacuated through the negative pressure chamber and starting from the starting area with the laser the joint gap under local
- this entire space area between the joining partners, which is subsequently closed can be evacuated by the negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber without ambient air from outside reaching the negative pressure chamber through the joint gap.
- this spatial area of the joint gap there is preferably a negative pressure which corresponds to the pressure directly below the negative pressure chamber.
- the joint gap is therefore preferred as a whole, i.e. over his entire
- the invention can therefore also be used under the zero gap condition
- the joining partners are welded and, according to the invention, even the low leakage air flow caused by the zero gap is prevented.
- the joint gap between the joint partners is formed by placing the joint partners next to one another, the distance between the opposing joint partners being outside the tolerances of a technical zero gap, in particular the joint partners being arranged in the I-joint with non-ground edges .
- joining partners can thus be placed against one another with the roughness of their surfaces defining the joining gap to form a joining gap, which is provided by a conventional method for cutting material, such as water jet cutting, laser cutting, plasma cutting, sawing, burning, etc.
- a conventional method for cutting material such as water jet cutting, laser cutting, plasma cutting, sawing, burning, etc.
- joining partners with a thickness greater than 10 mm, preferably greater than 20 mm, more preferably greater than 30 mm, further preferably greater than 40 mm, further preferably greater than 50 mm, more preferably can be used with significantly reduced effort compared to the prior art larger than 60 mm, even more preferably larger than 70 mm, even more preferably larger than 80 mm, preferably larger than 90 mm and more preferably larger than 100 mm or even more are welded to one another. More preferably, this can be done in a single welding pass.
- the invention can provide that in order to close the joint gap, at least one sealant bridging the joint gap is applied at least to the root-side surface of the joint partners and the upper surface of the joint partners. E.g. In the case of peripheral welding of butted pipes, this is sufficient, since the joint gap is only open to the environment on the surface on the root side and on the upper surface of the joint partners.
- the invention provides for the joint gap to be closed on these end-face surfaces as well.
- Inlet and / or outlet plates arranged in front of and / or after the joint gap are used, which are sealed at the end of the joint partners.
- the top surface lies opposite the root surface and is given by the surface from which the laser beam hits the joint partner.
- the closure of the joint gap with respect to the environment is locally destroyed during the welding process under the vacuum chamber, starting from the non-closed starting area.
- Any measures and can therefore be used for the preferably gas-tight closing Sealants are used to effect the closure, as the
- Sealing the sealant used also evaporates under the action of the laser and can be led out of the vacuum chamber through the vacuum connection.
- the sealant is preferred for
- Closing the joint gap is chosen so that it can also become part of the weld seam.
- a particularly preferred procedure provides that the at least one sealing means is formed by a weld seam which is arranged on the surfaces of the joining partner to bridge the gap.
- a weld seam can e.g. be carried out by means of an arc welding.
- the arc welding can e.g. be carried out without welding consumables, i.e. a surface melting can only be generated by the effect of the pure arc, which closes the zero gap.
- a surface melting can only be generated by the effect of the pure arc, which closes the zero gap.
- the welding filler material can preferably be formed by such a metal alloy that can remain in the later weld seam that is produced under the vacuum chamber. In particular, it can be the same additive that is also used in a possible supply under the vacuum chamber.
- the invention can provide for a metal sheet metal strip or a metal foil to bridge the gap to be arranged on the surfaces to be joined, in particular to be glued or soldered or welded to the surfaces to close the joint gap.
- an adhesive tape can also be applied to the gap-bridging
- Joint partner surfaces are arranged, in particular glued on.
- the only requirement for the adhesive tape is that it is sufficiently gas-tight.
- this can be given by a gas-tight lamination of the adhesive tape, for example by a metal lamination or plastic film lamination.
- the sealing means can be applied in the circumferential direction of the joint gap over the adjacent surfaces of the joint partners, e.g. starting from the end of the named start area to the beginning or vice versa.
- the sealant at the beginning and end of the joint gap can also be placed over the front surfaces.
- the invention can further provide that before closing the
- Joining gap the joining partners are attached to one another to stabilize the position, in particular by local welding.
- a particularly preferred development of the invention can provide that, before or during the closing of the joint gap along the joint gap, geometry parameters of the joint gap are measured and stored at a large number of joint gap positions, with the welding parameters being changed as a function of the welding of the joint gap under the mobile vacuum chamber the current joint gap position at the welding location and the geometry parameters stored for this joint gap position.
- Geometry parameters can e.g. be the gap width and / or the edge offset.
- the geometry parameters can be along the joint gap for discrete
- Coordinates or continuously recorded For the acquisition, e.g. a light section sensor can be used, preferably in which a projected laser line crossing the joint gap is detected optically, for example with a camera, with the desired geometry parameters being calculated back from the optically detected line course.
- Other sensors can also be used, e.g. Eddy current sensors with which geometrical parameters can be deduced from differences in the electromagnetic field on both sides of the joint gap.
- the lateral guidance of the laser beam can be corrected, the laser beam intensity can be changed and the welding speed can be varied and in particular the parameters of a beam oscillation (e.g.
- Welding parameters can be changed alternatively and also in any cumulation.
- the invention preferably provides that the metrological detection during the closing of the joint gap by means of a
- Arc welding takes place by measuring the joint gap in advance of the arc, preferably by means of a sensor system, preferably a light section sensor or a camera, which is moved along with the torch head. In this way, the sealing and saving of the geometry parameters can take place in a single process step.
- a sensor system preferably a light section sensor or a camera
- the peculiarity of this procedure includes that the joint gap changes as a result of welding with the arc and this change is preferably taken into account when parameterizing the subsequent beam welding process in the mobile vacuum chamber.
- Adaptation of the welding parameters is therefore preceded by a virtual change in the gap geometry, in contrast to the usual welding parameters that vary based on geometric parameters.
- the invention can also be used to weld the joint partners under the zero gap condition.
- Joining partner opens up the possibility that the joining partners can also lie against one another with a joining gap that does not meet the requirements for a technical zero gap, in particular that the joining gap is wider than 25 micrometers. In practical terms, even such a joint gap enables better evacuation of the spatial area between the joint partners because of the better flow conditions.
- the invention can provide the joint gap greater than 25 micrometers, more preferably greater than 100 micrometers, further preferably greater than 1000 micrometers, further preferably greater than 2500
- Micrometers even more preferably greater than 5000 micrometers.
- the invention in particular with a joint gap larger than a technical zero gap, can provide that the laser is guided in a tumbling / oscillating or circling manner over the joint gap during welding, in particular thus repeatedly crossing the joint gap.
- the invention can preferably provide for the welding to be carried out without additional material in the case of joint gap widths of less than or equal to 500 micrometers / 0.5 mm.
- a joint gap of over 500 micrometers or 0.5 mm is preferred with a
- the invention can provide, independently of the joint gap width, in particular also when the closed joint gap is basically welded without welding filler material, that at least in the unsealed joint gap
- Filler material in particular a welding wire for welding the unsealed joint gap, is supplied.
- the invention can now provide that by means of a vacuum tightness
- a welding wire is fed into the weld pool zone of the laser beam and / or into the laser beam.
- a welding additive of the welding wire in the melt zone.
- the invention can provide for a vacuum-tight passage for a welding wire to be arranged in the chamber wall of the mobile vacuum chamber.
- a vacuum-tight passage for a welding wire to be arranged in the chamber wall of the mobile vacuum chamber.
- Such an implementation can e.g. have a guide sleeve with which a welding wire can be guided on a line which intersects the optical axis of the laser beam, preferably in or below the
- the feeding of the welding wire can lead to wear of the seal in the bushing, so that the invention can preferably provide the seal as an exchangeable one with the welding wire
- pierceable and / or adjustable in passage diameter seal Preferably it is under a pierceable seal
- the invention can further provide that the negative pressure in the mobile negative pressure chamber is measured, e.g. it is then compared with a stored limit value which must not be exceeded. This can be done in a control unit, e.g. the one with which geometry and / or welding parameters are also processed.
- the invention can preferably provide that the welding parameters are adapted as a function of the joint gap.
- the welding parameters preferably include the welding speed and / or the beam power and / or the pendulum amplitude and / or frequency and / or the point of impact of the welding wire relative to the beam. This is preferably chosen so that about half of the wire is immersed in the weld pool, while the other half of the wire is conveyed directly into the laser beam.
- no filler material is preferably required.
- a gap width of 0.5 mm or more provision can preferably be made to feed in a filler wire, in particular then one
- Oscillation preferably circular oscillation of the beam to be used.
- the distance between the point of impact of the wire and the center of the (preferably circular) beam oscillation figure can now preferably be adjusted so that a larger part of the wire is not conveyed into the laser beam. It can be provided when the amplitude of the Beam oscillation to increase an offset between the wire and the center of the (preferably circular) beam oscillation figure. This means that the orientation of the beam and wire impact point always remains the same relative to one another.
- the adaptation is preferably carried out in such a way that at least essentially half of the wire is conveyed into the beam and the other half into the weld pool.
- the invention can provide that the
- Penetration depth of the laser beam at the location of the joint gap in the two joint partners is regulated depending on the contactless, in particular with one
- Ratio pyrometer temperature measured on the side of the joint partners facing away from the vacuum chamber at the closed joint gap. This side facing away from the vacuum chamber forms the root weld of the beam weld to be carried out with the laser beam, provided that the joint gap has been tightly sealed there with a weld.
- the invention can then preferably provide that the beam weld seam generated by means of the mobile vacuum chamber penetrates into the root weld, preferably root weld generated by an arc weld, in particular without penetrating it.
- the beam welding is preferably carried out so that between the lowest point of the
- the beam weld seam and the preferably arc-welded root leave a distance, preferably 1-2 mm, through which the temperature on the root side or the closed joint gap is in a non-contact measuring range, in particular in a range of 500-1000 ° C.
- This temperature range also ensures that the root or the closed joint gap does not melt on the outside in the direction of the surroundings and the negative pressure is broken as a result.
- the temperature at the closed joint gap or at the root weld can be measured without contact from the side opposite the laser beam optics / the vacuum chamber, for example measured with a pyrometer, preferably a quotient pyrometer, and the temperature measured value be assigned to a value of the welding depth.
- Actively regulate the welding depth of the beam welding in particular by regulating a specified target temperature at the root, so that welding through the preferably arc-welded root is prevented and the joint gap can be melted over its entire depth.
- FIG. 1 shows the application of the method when welding two flat sheet metal strips as joining partners 1 and 2. Between these a joint gap 3 is arranged, in particular which is larger than the conditions for a technical zero gap would require.
- the invention now provides for the joint gap 3, except for a starting area 4, to be closed on all surface areas of the opposing joint partners 1 and 2 in which the joint gap 3 is open to the external environment, in particular to seal it in a gastight manner. This procedure applies to all versions, regardless of the variant shown here.
- Sealant 5 is applied so that this starting area is open to the environment as long as the mobile vacuum chamber 6 has not yet been placed over starting area 4.
- an inlet plate 7a or outlet plate 7b for the laser beam 8 is provided on the joining partners 1 and 2 at the start area of the joint gap 3 and at the end area.
- this sheet 7a, 7b no sealing of the joint gap 3 in the end area 1c / 2c of the joint partners 1 and 2 is carried out in this application, but this can alternatively also be possible.
- Figure 2 shows the situation in a section perpendicular through the
- Inlet plate 7a is placed in such a way that the vacuum chamber completely covers the open starting area.
- the vacuum chamber 6 is therefore also pumped out of the space in the gap area 3 via the vacuum connection 6a. In particular, the same prevail in the sealed gap 3 and under the vacuum chamber 6
- the figure 2 visualizes the sealant 5 as a weld, which before
- Arc welding can be applied.
- FIG. 3 shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 1, in which a metal foil or a sheet metal 5b that is thinner compared to the joining partners 1 and 2 is used as the sealing means on the top side 5b. This is glued on or welded in an overlap. A weld seam is again used as sealing means 5a on the underside and on the front side.
- Figure 4 visualizes this
- FIG. 5 shows an application of the method for the circumferential welding of butted pipes as joining partners 1 and 2.
- a starting area 4 on the top remains without sealant, so that here too the space between the joining partners 1 and 2 can be evacuated through the starting area.
- Laser welding with the laser beam 8 takes place starting from the starting area
- FIG. 6 shows a vacuum chamber 6 further developed according to the invention in a sectional partial view with a basic construction.
- Vacuum chamber 6 has side walls 6a or, in e.g.
- a coupling area not shown here e.g. with a glass window, which can be connected to the chamber 6 via the seal 6d and the screw holes 6e, to guide the laser beam 8 through the chamber 6 to the surface of the joint partner.
- the side wall 6a here has a sleeve-shaped passage 10 for a welding wire 11, which has a seal 13 in the screw connection 12
- the seal 13 can be replaced and / or axially squeezed for readjustment in the event of wear.
- the bushing 10 is preferably mounted in a receptacle 14 so as to be displaceable in its axial direction.
- the passage 10 can be changed at a pivot point in the wall 6a or by using different receptacles 14 at an angle to the laser beam 8.
- the welding wire 11 can be connected to the melt zone of the vacuum-tight
- a welding wire 11 can also be used for the supply of a welding filler using a mobile vacuum chamber 6.
- joint gaps can be filled that are larger than a technical zero gap.
- FIG. 7 shows that no additional material is required for a technical zero gap.
- the invention preferably provides that a filler wire 11 is supplied and, for example, a circular oscillation of the beam 8 is used.
- the distance between the point of impact of the wire 11 and the center of the e.g.
- circular beam oscillation figure is preferably adapted so that not a larger part of the wire 11 is conveyed into the laser beam 8, but in particular so that the wire 11 is conveyed in equal parts into the melt pool and the beam 8.
- Beam oscillation figure set This means that the orientation of the beam and wire impact point always remains the same relative to one another. About half of the wire 11 is conveyed into the beam 8 and the other half into the weld pool.
- FIG. 8 shows the weld seam 15 produced with the laser beam 8, which is intended to penetrate into the root weld 5 without penetrating it.
- the temperature at the arc root weld 5 can vary from that of the laser beam optics or the
- the side opposite the vacuum chamber 6 can be measured, for example, with a quotient pyrometer 16 and assigned to a value of the welding depth.
- the welding depth of the beam welding can thus be regulated so that welding through the arc-welded root 5 is prevented.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019107887.3A DE102019107887A1 (de) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Verfahren zum Laser-Verschweißen mit einer mobilen Unterdruckkammer und Unterdruckkammer dafür |
PCT/EP2020/058760 WO2020193762A1 (de) | 2019-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Verfahren zum laser-verschweissen mit einer mobilen unterdruckkammer und unterdruckkammer dafür |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3946799A1 true EP3946799A1 (de) | 2022-02-09 |
Family
ID=70224333
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20717574.6A Pending EP3946799A1 (de) | 2019-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Verfahren zum laser-verschweissen mit einer mobilen unterdruckkammer und unterdruckkammer dafür |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3946799A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019107887A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020193762A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021101334A1 (de) | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-28 | André LeGuin | Verfahren zum Verbinden von zwei flächigen Bauteilen |
DE102021104512A1 (de) | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-25 | Fachhochschule Aachen | Verfahren zum Verschweißen mit einer mobilen Unterdruckkammer |
CN115008002A (zh) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-09-06 | 哈尔滨工大焊接科技有限公司 | 一种真空环境摆动激光焊接方法及系统 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3702389A (en) * | 1970-08-03 | 1972-11-07 | Jean Pierre Peyrot | Welding by electron bombardment |
GB1597466A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1981-09-09 | Steigerwald Strahltech | Welding with beams of charged particles |
DE10259177B4 (de) * | 2002-12-18 | 2010-11-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Durchführung eines Schweißprozesses |
US8138443B2 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2012-03-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Sealing systems |
DE102013008085B4 (de) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-02-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fügen von Werkstücken mit einem Bearbeitungsstrahl |
DE102015109013B4 (de) * | 2015-06-08 | 2016-12-15 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertreten Durch Den Bundesminister Für Wirtschaft Und Energie, Dieser Vertreten Durch Den Präsidenten Der Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und -Prüfung (Bam) | Transportable Koppelvorrichtung, mobile Schweißanlage und Verfahren zum Laserbearbeiten |
DE102015008919A1 (de) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Evobeam GmbH | Verfahren zur additiven Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen |
GB201712152D0 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-09-13 | Rolls Royce Plc | Methods and apparatus for welding a first component and a second component together |
-
2019
- 2019-03-27 DE DE102019107887.3A patent/DE102019107887A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-03-27 WO PCT/EP2020/058760 patent/WO2020193762A1/de unknown
- 2020-03-27 EP EP20717574.6A patent/EP3946799A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102019107887A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 |
WO2020193762A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 |
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