EP3942587A1

EP3942587A1 - Fuse device

Info

Publication number: EP3942587A1
Application number: EP20709557.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rudolf HAUTMANN; Josef Fleischmann
Original assignee: Panasonic Industrial Devices Europe GmbH
Current assignee: Panasonic Industrial Devices Europe GmbH
Priority date: 2019-03-19
Filing date: 2020-03-05
Publication date: 2022-01-26
Also published as: DE102019107029A1; WO2020187589A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuse device (1) for interrupting an electric connection (V), comprising an electric conductor (100) with at least one first and a second terminal contact (101). The course direction (VR) of the conductor (100) changes multiple times between the first and the second terminal contact (101) such that the conductor (100) has at least two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) which are to be interrupted, are arranged geometrically next to each other, and are electrically connected in series. The fuse device (1) additionally comprises a housing (11), in which at least the two conductor (100) tear-off sections (104a, 104b) to be interrupted are received, and a separating actuator (60), which is designed and is arranged relative to the conductor (100) so as to separate the conductor (100) at least at the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) by means of a tearing process when the separating actuator (60) is triggered. Each of the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) additionally runs through an arc extinguishing chamber (30) of the housing (11), said arc extinguishing chamber being sealed from the surroundings and being equipped with an extinguishing material (34). The invention additionally relates to a method for producing a fuse device (1).

Description

Safety device

The invention relates to a safety device for interrupting an electrical connection, comprising an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact, the conductor changing its direction several times between the first and the second connection contact, so that the conductor at least two geometrically to be interrupted having juxtaposed, electrically verbun in series dene tear-off sections. The safety device further comprises a housing in which at least the two tear-off sections of the conductor to be interrupted are received. It further comprises a separation actuator which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor in order to separate the conductor by tearing off at least at the two tear-off sections when the separation actuator is triggered.

When an electrical circuit is interrupted, a so-called arc can form above a certain current strength and / or voltage. If the electrical potential difference (voltage) and current density are sufficiently high, this occurs through impact ionization between the two conductor ends, which are interrupted or separated from one another. The electric current continues to flow through the gas (e.g. air) between the separated conductor ends, which is ionized in the process, and the gas becomes electrically conductive through the ionization of the particles (atoms or molecules). The current density is generally defined as the ratio of the current strength and the cross-sectional area available to the current. An arc (in the field of the invention a negative phenomenon in the sense of an accidental arc) can therefore maintain an electrical connection in an electrical circuit, although the two conductor ends are actually no longer directly (physically) connected, since the conductor ends are already connected by a are separated from each other essentially air-filled gap. The higher the current strength and / or the voltage in an electrical circuit, the more energetic the arc that occurs during separation. Spark quenching (arc quenching) is even more important, especially with direct current, since there is no so-called zero voltage transition, as is the case with alternating current, which can extinguish the arc by itself.

The arc phenomenon becomes particularly problematic when the electrical circuit has to be forcibly interrupted for health reasons, for example in the event of an accident to avoid further consequential damage. For example, maintaining the connection between a battery or a rechargeable battery and an electric motor can result in a considerable health risk (including for those involved) due to electric shock in the event of an accident. In order to avoid this, a large number of different security and separation systems are already known.

For example, WO 2017/032362 A1 describes a circuit breaker with the features mentioned at the beginning. In the construction there are the connecting elements that establish a connection between a first and a second contact, together with an insulating medium and other components in a common interior space of the housing. As a result, the entire interior space is contaminated or soiled with the isolator medium after it has been triggered. In addition, parts of the isolator medium could also be located outside the housing after the disconnector has tripped. This increases the risk that surrounding components will be contaminated and - even if this would in principle allow other accident damage to the vehicle - simply replacing the disconnector is not sufficient to e.g. B. to put the vehicle back into operation.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve such a safety device.

This object is achieved by a safety device according to claim 1 and a method for producing the safety device according to claim 13.

As mentioned at the beginning, the fuse device according to the invention for interrupting an electrical connection, for example an electrical circuit, has an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact. The electrical contacts, e.g. B. two end portions of the conductor, by means of which the fuse device is connected in series with the other electrical components of an electrical circuit. For example, in the simplest case, a battery as a power source and an electric motor can already form a closed electrical circuit.

The conductor changes its direction several times between the first and the second connection contact, so that the conductor has at least two tear-off sections to be interrupted, geo metrically arranged next to one another, electrically connected in series having. In the simplest case, a tear-off section can only be a section in the course of the relevant conductor, at or in which section the conductor is preferably torn off or separated if, as explained later, for example, a predetermined tear-off point has been incorporated.

For example, the course of the conductor between the first and the second connection contact can run in a loop in at least one section or have at least one U-shaped section in which the two legs of the U-shaped section are preferably essentially parallel to one another and geometrically next to one another are arranged.

The safety device also has a housing in which at least the two tear-off sections of the conductor to be interrupted are accommodated.

Furthermore, the safety device comprises a disconnection actuator, preferably a pyrotechnic disconnection actuator, which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor to close the conductor by tearing off the conductor when the disconnection actuator is triggered, preferably when a triggering signal is received, at least at the two tear-off sections separate. I.e. the isolating actuator is arranged relative to the conductor in such a way that when the isolating actuator is triggered, the conductor is torn off by the action of the isolating actuator in at least one tear-off section, but preferably in both tear-off sections at the same time.

In addition, the safety device according to the invention comprises at least two sealed arc extinguishing chambers. These are each arranged at least in the area of the tear-off sections of the conductor. They are designed to seal (shield) an arc that may arise in a free space (i.e. between the two conductors separated by the tearing off) from the outside against the surroundings of the arc chamber. "Sealed against the surroundings of the arc chamber" is such Understand that processes within the arc-extinguishing chamber potentially occurring when torn off cause no harmful effects outside the arc-extinguishing chamber. Besides that, no extinguishing material should be able to escape. The extinguishing material is preferably a substance or a material that has electrically insulating properties and is hardly or very poorly inflammable or combustible. A more detailed description of the extinguishing material and its function is given below. It is located at least in and / or around the area of the tear-off sections within the arc-extinguishing chambers. Preferably, the arc extinguishing chamber is essentially filled with the extinguishing material except for the conductor itself.

In the case of the construction according to the invention, too, the conductor is, as usual, initially - i. H. before the disconnection actuator is triggered - in a first position or in an "initial position". In this starting position (or "normal operating position") the undestroyed conductor is, as mentioned above, e.g. B. integrated in an electrical circuit in the form of a series circuit via the first and second connection contact, so that (in "control mode") there is a closed circuit, for example between the battery and the electric motor. In accordance with the intended purpose, the current flows through the electrical conductor of the safety device during normal operation, with a current flow not being impaired.

After a successful disconnection - after the disconnection actuator has been triggered - the torn off moving ladder section is in a second position or in a "disconnected position". In this disconnected position, the electrical circuit between a first and a second connection contact is interrupted as intended. For example, to interrupt the electrical circuit, a movable tear-off part of the conductor can be torn out between the connection contacts. This can preferably be moved into the disconnected position in a disengagement space in the housing which is specially provided for this purpose and is separate from the arc extinguishing chambers, as will be explained later.

Due to the multiple changes in its direction, the conductor can be interrupted simultaneously in the context of the tear-off movement at several tear-off sections arranged geometrically next to one another. This advantageously ensures that only a fraction of the total voltage used is applied to the individual tear-off sections. The total voltage applied to the conductor is divided according to the number of tear-off sections used. As a result, for example, if a total of two tear-off sections are used, only half the total tension is applied to each of the two tear-off sections when they tear off. In this way, potentially arising arcs between the separated conductor parts are already weakened or even an arc is prevented from forming. Because the conductor now runs through an additionally sealed, separate arc extinguishing chamber in the housing, at least in the area of the tear-off sections, it can be ensured that the electric arc is held and operated within the arc extinguishing chamber. can be extinguished particularly well and quickly using the extinguishing material located there. Since these arc extinguishing chambers are arranged as sealed, separate chambers within the housing, the probability that extinguishing material will get outside of the housing when triggered is further reduced. If this allows other accident damage to the vehicle in principle, the vehicle can be put back into operation immediately by simply and quickly exchanging the safety device. In particular, cleaning of the surrounding area would not be necessary.

A method according to the invention for manufacturing (manufacturing method) a fuse device for interrupting an electrical connection comprises at least the following steps:

On the one hand, an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact is provided or produced, the conductor changing its direction several times between the first and the second connection contact, so that the conductor at least two to be interrupted, geometrically arranged next to each other, electrically connected in series Has tear-off sections. I.e. The conductor is bent and / or shaped in such a way that a desired tear-off point is introduced at a defined point in the tear-off sections, and the shaping of the course of the conductor ensures that these tear-off sections at which the conductor is separated in the context of a tearing movement in the event of a fuse, although they are electrically connected in series (in the simplest case it can only be sections of the same conductor), but are arranged geometrically next to one another. This means that, as mentioned above, in the event of a tear-off movement, the two tear-off sections are separated, if possible, essentially simultaneously, so that only half the total stress is applied in each of the two tear-off sections.

Furthermore, a housing with at least two arc extinguishing chambers is provided or manufactured and the electrical conductor is inserted into the housing, so that at least the two tear-off sections of the conductor to be interrupted are accommodated in the housing, the two tear-off sections of the conductor each through an arc extinguishing chamber which is sealed off from an environment.

The housing is so z. B. manufactured or shaped so that it receives or surrounds the electrical conductor so that at least the two tear-off sections of the conductor in Arcing chambers are located, which are separated from the other areas in the housing within the housing by walls. At the entry points of the conductor into the arc extinguishing chambers or out of these, seals are arranged in the course of the conductor in front of and behind the tear-off sections to be interrupted in order to seal the passage through the walls. Possible shapes and types of seals are explained in more detail below.

Furthermore, the housing advantageously encloses the conductor in such a way that the conductor runs predominantly within the housing, the connection contacts of the conductor e.g. B. extend or protrude from the housing and can be integrated very easily in series in an electrical circuit.

In addition, a disconnect actuator is provided or manufactured. This is arranged relative to the Lei ter such. B. also mounted in or on the housing to separate the conductor (when Emp catching a trip signal in the case of a fuse) when the isolating actuator is triggered at least at the two tear-off sections by tearing off.

For example, the isolating actuator can be used in the housing in a “isolating actuator chamber” specially designed for it. The isolating actuator could preferably be in the form of an independent purchased part and be acquired and used in a state ready for assembly. This will be explained later.

As part of the assembly, the two Lichtbo formed by the housing are filled with an extinguishing material. The housing is then preferably closed. For example, by connecting a basic housing body in which the above-mentioned Components are assembled and the extinguishing material is filled in, closed with a housing cover. As a result, the extinguishing material, which is located in the arc extinguishing chambers, can be held captive within the arc extinguishing chamber as well as an accidental leakage, e.g. B. during assembly of the safety device can be prevented.

The sequence of the method steps described above for assembling the individual components of the security device is arbitrary, provided that the individual components were either provided or produced beforehand so that they are available for assembly. Likewise, the components can also be provided at least partially assembled. For example, the Heads with already attached seals are fully formed, provided with intended tear-off points and made available for insertion into the housing.

In the case of the basic housing body described above, all of the inner walls or partition walls are preferably already fully formed. For example, the “partition walls” of the arc extinguishing chambers can be separated from the other areas in the housing, e.g. B. a separating actuator chamber, already in the manufacture of the housing in one operation with ausgebil det or shaped, z. B. in an injection molding process. Alternatively, individual partition walls could also be used later if this appears favorable in terms of production technology. These are then provided, for example, as separate individual parts and can be inserted into the housing or mounted in the housing in at least one further process step of the manufacturing process (before filling).

A number of further process steps can also be provided in the production method described. For example, the housing base body of the housing can be sealed with the cover element after it has been filled, so that subsequent improper opening by a third party, for example for manipulation purposes, can be prevented. For example, the seals can also be provided or delivered in a prepared state. Preferably, however, the seals can also be injected or foamed in-situ directly around or on the conductor by means of a so-called “formed in-place” (or “formed in-place foam gasket” (FIPFG)) method in an additional process step the conductor can be overmolded. The seals can also be made in situ using the “form-in-place” method or directly in the housing using the 2K injection molding process. This will be explained in more detail later.

The inventive use of a fuse device according to the invention in an electrically operated vehicle (electric car or electric vehicle, B (EV) for short) can in particular interrupt an electrical connection between the components of the vehicle that require electricity, in particular the vehicle's electric motor or electric drive, to a battery storage system or other current / voltage sources. As a result, an unwanted current flow emanating from a battery storage system can preferably be prevented immediately after an accident. For example, this can prevent a current flow to a battery storage system from continuing, which could possibly cause a spark for example, a flammable liquid leaking out of the accident could ignite.

The safety device is advantageously designed so that it is suitable for high direct and alternating currents at high voltages, as occur in modern electric vehicles. In particular, the safety device can be designed for voltages above 100 V and also for the interruption of direct currents. The construction is also designed so that the current can be safely separated, preferably with a current strength greater than 2000 A, particularly preferably with a current strength greater than 10000 A. The construction of the safety device can in principle also be used for electrical connections that are designed for medium voltages in the sense of the VDE regulations, namely for voltages of more than 1kV.

So that the safety device mentioned at the outset triggers when it is supposed to trigger, it could for example be coupled to a safety device usually installed in the vehicle with a signal transmitter (or sensor) so that, in the event of an accident, it can be triggered at the same time or triggers immediately after the safety device.

A vehicle according to the invention has at least one electric motor for driving the vehicle and a safety device according to the invention. The vehicle can be any electric car, an electric truck, an electric motorcycle, an electric boat, an aircraft (or aircraft) or the like. The safety device is not limited to use in one of the aforementioned electrically powered vehicles, but can generally be used to interrupt an electrical circuit with any battery storage system, e.g. B. a battery or a rechargeable battery, so preferably also in a machine or a robot or a battery storage system, which is simply only generally used for a power supply for intermediate storage, such. B. can be used as a local storage system for a solar system.

Further, particularly advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are given in the dependent claims and the following description, with the independent claims of one claim category also being able to be developed analogously to the dependent claims and embodiments of another claim category and, in particular, individual features of various types - management examples or variants to new embodiments or variants can be combined.

In principle, the electrical conductor of the safety device could have any cross-section transversely to its direction of travel, z. B. a round massive cross section.

However, the conductor is preferably designed as a “flat conductor”. In other words, it has a substantially flat cross section. I.e. the cross section of the flat conductor comprises a shorter and a longer side. For the sake of simplicity, a flat conductor is also only referred to as a “conductor” for short. The conductor is bent several times in its course, preferably over the longer cross-sectional side or “flat side”, so that, for example, a U-shaped conductor section is created. This U-shape can be seen in a plan view of the shorter cross-sectional side of the conductor. As already mentioned, the two legs of the U-shaped section are thereby preferably arranged essentially parallel to one another and geometrically next to one another. These legs can therefore form the tear-off sections which, as mentioned, are each provided with at least one predetermined tear-off point.

A “predetermined tear-off point”, like a nominal separation point described in more detail later (for special exemplary embodiments), is basically formed in the sense of a “predetermined breaking point” at which the conductor should preferably be separated in a targeted and as predictable manner as possible. In the simplest embodiment, the conductor is weakened at such a “predetermined tear-off point”, so that from a desired tensile stress along its main course direction it first tears off at this predetermined breaking point or is first severed. The tensile stress required for the separation is brought about (as mentioned) by means of the separation actuator.

For example, the conductor can be mechanically weakened at such a predetermined breaking point, in particular a predetermined breaking point. I.e. he can z. B. have a cross-sectional constriction (thinning) at least at this point.

The conductor preferably has a “perforation line” transverse to its direction at a predetermined breaking point, in particular a predetermined tear-off point. This corresponds to a mechanical weakening in the form of several almost adjacent holes along a line that extends over the entire longer cross-sectional side. Although this deliberately adversely affects the tensile strength of the conductor at this point, the external dimensions of the conductor do not have to be reduced.

Particularly preferably, in the course of the conductor, a further weakening hole can be arranged in the conductor immediately before and after a perforation line. This is preferably arranged closer to one of the shorter cross-sectional sides of the conductor, so that the tearing of the perforation line begins from the opposite side.

Very particularly preferably, the conductor has at a predetermined tear-off point perpendicular to its course a perforation line with at least two - before and after - diamond-shaped incorporated holes or breakthroughs, the diamond-shaped breakthroughs being asymmetrical, ie. H. are arranged closer to one of the shorter cross-sectional sides of the conductor. They can have the effect that, due to uneven expansion of the material and the resulting uneven force, tearing off at the intended tear-off points is favored. Other shapes of the holes or breakthroughs on the Perfo rationslinie in the head are also possible.

The perforation lines and / or the above-mentioned additional weakening holes in the conductor and / or other - to be described later - holes or openings in the conductor can, for. B. are preferably punched out or incorporated in another way. You can e.g. B. can also be cut out by means of a suitable laser.

Likewise, the weakening of a predetermined tear-off point could also be achieved by making the conductor from a more easily tearable material in the area of the predetermined tear-off point (i.e. a material which tears more quickly and easily under tension) than in other areas thereof. This can be useful if the production of the conductor from several pieces would be associated with less effort and lower costs. This is particularly useful if the majority of the conductor would consist of a cheaper, but also more tensile material. Possible more cost-effective and more tensile materials for the main part of the conductor could, for example, be aluminum or special metal alloys suitable for this purpose, whereas copper and silver are suitable for the tear-off sections with the intended tear-off points.

There are various possibilities for the design of the connection contacts of the conductor. The first and second connection contacts of the conductor are preferably located outside the housing of the safety device, so that the safety device can be installed in a closed state of the housing when installing a new device or retrofitting it in an existing system. The two connection contacts of the fuse protection device, which protrude, so to speak, a piece from the housing of the fuse device, can be shaped almost as desired.

The connection contacts are preferably each formed with at least one hole in cross section, so that they can be connected, for example, with a screw or the like. can be permanently connected or clamped in an existing circuit. Particularly before given, the two connection contacts are designed with a hole in such a way that, for example, a clamping shoe can be used for clamping contact. This enables a new installation or retrofitting of the safety device in an existing circuit by means of simple and quick terminal contact. Furthermore, this type of clamping ensures that the safety device always remains connected in an electrical circuit in the event of a rule and does not come off easily during vehicle operation.

According to the invention, the arc extinguishing chambers are sealed. There are also various options for this.

Preferably, one, particularly preferably each, arc extinguishing chamber has at least two seals, one seal each at each of the two entry points of the conductor into or out of the relevant arc extinguishing chamber.

The seals at the entry points of the arc extinguishing chambers are preferably formed or shaped in such a way that neither significant extinguishing material nor an arc emerges from the arc extinguishing chambers during operation.

For this purpose, each of the seals expediently has a through opening for the conductor. This is designed to match the conductor cross-section, so that it still remains movable along its main direction, but is permanently sealed as tightly as possible - with a constant cross-section along the conductor section moving through the seal. The through opening therefore preferably has a predetermined clear dimension which is designed to be minimally smaller than an external dimension of the conductor, so that in any case the seal is particularly close to the conductor, too if the clear dimension achieved with a specific seal should turn out to be slightly larger than the specified clear dimension in individual cases, possibly due to manufacturing reasons (within the scope of the tolerances).

At least along the conductor section moving through the seal, the conductor preferably also has a uniform, smooth surface so that it slides smoothly through the through-openings of the seals during the tear-off movement.

A seal preferably comprises an elastic and / or an electrically insulating material. It is particularly preferably a rubber seal or a device made of a rubber-like elastic material. Most preferably, the seal is made of a heat-resistant material, so that its shape does not change in the event of the potential formation of an arc, nor is its material damaged in such a way that the sealing ability of the seal could possibly be impaired. This ensures that the arc extinguishing chamber remains sealed off from an environment.

Preferred materials for an elastic seal, which is, for example, assembled by hand or preferably by machine, are acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, silicone rubber or fluorine rubber.

If a seal is to be introduced in situ, it can on the one hand, as mentioned above in the manufacturing process, be injected in a so-called 2K injection molding process. Then thermoplastic polymers are preferably used as materials, such as. B. Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonates (PC), polyamides (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyoxymethylene (POM), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).

On the other hand, a seal can be applied or introduced in-situ, as mentioned above in the manufacturing process, for example using the so-called “form in place” method directly on the conductor or on the housing. As a material, a polymer such as. B. Polyurethane can be used.

For a tight connection to the housing, one, preferably each, seal forms a form-fitting seal with an associated wall section of the housing Connection. These wall sections are z. B. each in the area of the entry points len of the conductor in the arc extinguishing chamber. Such wall sections into which a seal is inserted through which the conductor runs are also referred to below as “passage walls” of the arc extinguishing chamber.

Such a form fit between the seal and the passage wall is preferably a tongue and groove connection or (as particularly preferred) a Spun extension. Usually two connection partners (components) are positively connected to each other so that there is sufficient shear strength perpendicular to this connection. In the case of bunging, one of the two connection partners has a groove at the connection point and the other has a tongue, so that when the two connection partners are connected, the tongue fits positively into the groove. A tongue-and-groove connection is a connection between two components in which both connec tion partners have a groove at the connection point, which is positively connected by means of an additional tongue in the form of a third component.

For this purpose, the wall sections or through walls each have recesses or slots which are adapted to the outer shape and dimensions of the conductor. Since the tear-off movement of the conductor ensures that the seal remains in place, the openings in the passage walls, in which the seals can be arranged, can preferably only be minimally larger than the conductor cross-section on the side facing away from the arc extinguishing chambers . As a result, the seals are held captive in the passage wall between the inside and outside at the entry points. A through wall is therefore preferably designed in such a way that it has at least one single groove, preferably a double groove with a tongue located in between, at the opening for connection to the seal arranged therein. Particularly preferably, the seal is formed with a cooperating simple groove, in which, with a suitable arrangement, the tongue of the double groove engages so that the conductor slips through the seal when the tear-off part of the conductor is torn off in the direction of the conductor run without to take the seal with you. This should keep the seals in place if the conductor tears away.

The wall sections or passage walls can, as mentioned, for. B. directly molded into the housing parts (e.g. injection molding) or separately in the housing a joined components. After closing the housing, e.g. B. the already mentioned assembly of the housing from a housing body and a housing cover, so arise through the matching housing walls in conjunction with the seals all around ge closed arc extinguishing chambers in each of which a tear-off section of the conductor is arranged as needed sealed.

If the conductor is separated or torn off as part of the tear-off movement at the intended tear-off point, the torn-off part of the conductor (tear-off part) is preferably only moved out of the arc-extinguishing chamber so far that there is always an end section of the tear-off part on the breaking side (with an intact conductor cross-section) remains inside the arc quenching chamber. I.e. the two respective ends of the conductor separated at the target tear-off points are preferably as far apart as possible in a disconnected position, but the two target-breaking end sections of the tear-off part of the conductor are still within the seal of the arc extinguishing chamber, so that the passage opening continues remains blocked (sealed) with the rest of the U-shaped tear-off part of the conductor. The movement of the tear-off part of the conductor after it has been torn off by means of the disconnection actuator is also referred to below as “disengagement”.

The securing device can preferably comprise a non-conductive separating element. This is designed to connect the part of the conductor that is to be torn off with the isolating actuator, so that at least the tear-off part of the conductor is moved when the isolating actuator is triggered. The separating element is a type of adapter, such as a pressure plate, between the separating actuator and the conductor, which creates a non-conductive connection between the two components and at the same time isolates the separating actuator from the conductor. The pressure plate can preferably be arranged centrally parallel to the longitudinal side of the conductor cross-section between the isolating actuator and the conductor. As a result, it can push away the tear-off part of the conductor through the action of the isolating actuator without the isolating actuator touching the conductor directly.

A sufficiently large cavity, the already mentioned release space, is preferably located in the housing to accommodate the tear-off part of the conductor that moves (when the disconnection actuator is triggered). This cavity is referred to as the release space because it accommodates at least the moving or disengaging tear-off part of the conductor, which runs between the two tear-off sections. It extends, for example, over an area within the housing that is adjacent to the connection contacts. adjoining the distant face of the housing. For example, the release space can be limited by the outer walls of the housing and only on one of its six sides essentially by the two arc extinguishing chambers and the separating actuator (or a separating actuator chamber for accommodating the separating actuator) preferably located in between. In other words, the release space takes up an area within the housing that extends over the full width of the end faces and over a length of the longitudinal sides of the housing that is adapted to the separation distance.

The disengagement space therefore preferably has a “clear dimension” between its opposing boundaries or walls in the direction of the main course of the conductor (in the “disengagement direction” in which the tear-off part of the conductor moves), which is at most so large that In any case, the tear-off part of the conductor cannot be fully disengaged from the arc extinguishing chambers. This "clear dimension" of the release space and the dimension of the broad side of the conductor cross-section results in a maximum separation distance between the respective end of the tear-off part and the associated end of the conductor part that remains when torn off (hereinafter referred to as "invariant" conductor part). This separation distance should be at least large enough at the end of the Abreißbewe supply in the separation position that a potentially created arc has a minimum length that favors a collapse of the arc.

The housing is particularly preferably designed in such a way that at least the walls of the release space or of the housing, which are ultimately intended to intercept the tear-off part of the conductor, are reinforced. These walls can have a reinforcement or stiffening, for example in the form of ribs and / or a double wall thickness.

The extinguishing material is expediently designed to extinguish or collapse an arc particularly quickly, so that the electrical connection is interrupted as quickly as possible. It is preferably a material which has particularly good pouring or flow properties. So it can not only be filled easily and without problems in the arc quenching chambers, but also flows particularly quickly into the free space, which is gebil det during the tear-off movement by the tear-off part of the conductor, which moves at least partially out of the arc-quenching chamber. Quartz sand is preferably used as the extinguishing material. For the sake of simplicity, the quartz sand can also only be referred to as sand below. A resulting arc can in particular lead to (possibly also only partially) melting of the quartz sand, whereby maintenance energy is withdrawn from the arc. At the same time, an insulating glass plug made of melted quartz sand can also form, which can interrupt the arc.

In the event that the passive flow movement of the extinguishing material in the free space that is being formed does not take place quickly enough or the extinguishing material should be prevented from simply flowing, the conductor can be provided with additional devices (as described later ben) so that an active burial of the free space between the intended break-off end sections of the conductor separated at a predetermined tear-off point can be achieved with quartz sand. This active burial can increase the likelihood that there will be enough quartz sand in the resulting space quickly enough, which then has an insulating effect at the appropriate point between the separated conductor ends, for example fusing to form an insulating glass plug.

Even if an arc may occur, it is preferable to ensure that it can be actively forced or directed into the sand. For this purpose, the safety device can preferably be designed in such a way that an arc that occurs in a tear-off section when the conductor is torn off inevitably runs essentially into the extinguishing material.

In a preferred variant of the securing device, the conductor can have recesses, particularly preferably grooves, which extend longitudinally in its direction at least in the region of one of the tear-off sections. The depressions result in or cause an increase in the surface area of the conductor cross-section, so that ultimately more extinguishing material is available in the area of the intended tear-off points directly on the conductor than with a smooth conductor without depressions. The depressions can preferably be designed in the form of a meandering cross section of the conductor (transverse to its direction of extension). Thus, a possibly occurring arc will inevitably run through the extinguishing material, since this, of course, accordingly surrounds or wets the surface of the conductor provided with the depressions or grooves. This will be explained in more detail later using an exemplary embodiment. Additionally or alternatively, the safety device can preferably comprise at least one magnetic arrangement in order to deflect an arc into the extinguishing material. This magnet arrangement, for example at least one “blow magnet”, can be arranged in such a way that a potentially arising arc is deflected or pushed away by the Lorentz force of a magnetic field generated by the blow magnet. A blow magnet used in this way is usually so called because its magnetic field "blows away" the particles in the arc, mostly electrons, so to speak. As a result, the path of the arc is in any case lengthened and at the same time it can preferably be forced into the extinguishing material located to the side of the end sections of the conductor on the breakable side. Due to the longer path of the arc, its surface also increases. It therefore cools down more quickly and the air it ionizes loses its conductivity more quickly. In the event that an arc is formed, the magnet arrangement accordingly ensures that the extinguishing material in the arc extinguishing chamber is less melted together.

Such a blow magnet can be, for example, an ordinary bar magnet, typically made of neodymium, which generates at least one magnetic field of 50-100 mT. At least one magnet is preferably used, and a plurality of magnets and / or a horseshoe-shaped iron yoke are particularly preferably used. They are arranged between the two legs of the iron yoke in the area of its open side. In the gap that is created between the two magnets, a nearly homogeneous magnetic field can be generated. However, the (as homogeneous as possible) magnetic field is particularly preferably generated by an electromagnet, since its magnetic field does not weaken over time. If so desired, a separate magnet can be arranged for each of the arc extinguishing chambers.

In order to be able to retrofit this embodiment as easily as possible, the magnet arrangement can also be arranged on the outside of the housing, so that the magnetic field acts in the housing, but the components of the magnet arrangement are protected from the processes taking place inside the housing. A housing exterior term arrangement of the magnet arrangement on the safety device simplifies both a new installation during manufacture and an exchange of a defective magnet. In addition, almost every suitable, possibly existing magnet could be used functionally or, for example, a magnet could be reused after replacing an installed safety device. If there is already a magnetic field that would impair the effect of the magnet arrangement Anyway, a magnet arrangement can logically be obsolete or saved.

The securing device can preferably also comprise an extinguishing material moving device (or simply called “sand moving device”). This can serve to spend or transport sand during the disengagement or tear-off movement in the free space that results from the disengagement of the tear-off part of the Lei age from the arc extinguishing chambers after the tear-off. It also ensures that any arc that may arise will forcibly run through the sand.

In a first possible variant of the sand moving device, this can be achieved in that the sand moving device is preferably designed in the manner of a “shovel”. The shovel is preferably attached to the tear-off part of the ladder and can - according to the principle of a "plow" - be arranged in the area of the intended tear-off point so that there is a particularly large amount of sand in front of its "shovel surface". Consequently, during the tear-off movement, the sand in front of the shovel can be actively pushed or pulled into the free space. In order to make the production as efficient as possible, such a shovel could, for example, be made of the same material as the conductor and additionally be formed on the conductor directly during the production or provision of the conductor.

A second possible variant of the sand moving device can comprise a sand moving device with a simple belt. The tape is in a relaxed th state before and after the target tear-off point within the arc extinguishing chamber attached to the conductor. I.e. it is in a loose initial state in the starting position from at least at the level of the target tear-off point in a semicircular shape in an Ab was arranged to the head. In any case, there is sand within the semicircular band between the band and the conductor in the area of the intended tear-off point.

As a result of the tear-off movement, the tape is tensioned between the tear-off part and the invariant conductor part when the tear-off part of the conductor is disengaged. As a result, sand can be actively thrown or introduced into the intended tear-off point. When the tear-off movement of the conductor has taken place, the tape runs in a tensioned state essentially parallel to the conductor without an electrical connection between the to produce two separate break-end end sections of the conductor. The tape can, for example, be a heat-resistant “insulating tape” which in any case has a suitable tensile strength. Preferably, however, a heat-resistant, non-conductive tape could be used.

For the most efficient, maximum possible introduction of sand into the free space that is formed at the intended tear-off point, the tape could also be designed in the form of a hose around the conductor along the course of the conductor. This can be opened at least on one side, but otherwise all around in the manner and shape of a hose and also at least on two sides, essentially parallel to the two long sides of the arc chamber. It could z. B. can be used at least one side open hose that can be filled with sand.

Combinations of such sand moving devices are also possible.

The securing device can also preferably comprise a step-shaped or running ladder section in order to also ensure that additional shear forces are generated. The course of the conductor can optionally have a step at a predetermined tear-off point. I.e. the course of the conductor is designed at least at the intended tear-off point (when viewed from above on the conductor course) in the manner of a “Heaviside” function, in order to deflect an arc into the sand that may arise during the tear-off movement or at least to specify its direction of extension. In this case, the intended tear-off point can connect the two “tread surfaces” or “steps” of the conductor, which run or are aligned in its main direction of extension, for example at an angle, preferably vertically.

A quick and safe interruption of the conductor is achieved through the two intended tear-off points in the tear-off sections. In order to additionally increase safety, the conductor of the safety device can preferably also have a “target separation point” in its course, which is preferably arranged between the tear-off sections in a further “separation section” of the conductor.

This additional desired separation point, ie the separation section, is particularly preferably located between the two tear-off sections of the conductor which are arranged essentially parallel to one another, geometrically next to one another. This separating section is consequently arranged essentially perpendicular to the tear-off sections, since it does connects electrically in series. If the separation section is aligned or runs exactly perpendicular to the two tear-off sections, a final cutting of the conductor can be achieved particularly easily by simply punching through the conductor once more at the intended separation point as part of the tear-off movement .

The separation in the separating section is preferably carried out offset in time or delayed after the tearing off in the tear-off sections. The conductor should be cut through at the intended separation point, especially before given, when the tear-off part of the conductor has at least a minimum distance from the invariant conductor part, so that no further arcing is formed at the intended separation point, since the total voltage already applied has been sufficiently reduced.

The conductor can be punched through at the intended separation point, for example, by means of a blade, a sharp cutting edge or a sharp wedge and, if necessary, a corresponding counterpart. For this purpose, the safety device preferably comprises a separating device which interacts with the separating actuator.

Particularly preferably, the separating device has a non-conductive, wedge-shaped element which is designed to cut through the conductor at the intended separation point during a relative movement. It can, for example, be attached to an inside of the stirnsei term outer wall of the release space within the housing. For example, the separating device comprises at least two interacting elements which, when one of the two or both elements move relative to one another, cause a separation as part of the tear-off movement. For this purpose, the two elements are designed in such a way that, when they strike or collide with one another, they together create a preferably permanent interruption in the conductor. Both elements can have a cutting edge or one of the two can be designed with a cutting edge and the other with a surface for cutting. I.e. When it hits, the conductor running in between is cut through, so to speak.

As already mentioned at the beginning, the safety device preferably comprises a separately encapsulated, pyrotechnic isolating actuator. If desired, this can also be purchased as a separate, independent purchased part, independently of the safety device. In this case, use can also be made of already existing, in particular standardized, pyrotechnic actuators that would otherwise be used for other purposes. serve such as B. to trigger safety devices, seat belt tensioners, hood stands or the like.

A preferred isolating actuator has a cylindrical sleeve with a bolt with a piston section located therein, a propellant charge and an ignition device or ignition unit which is closed by means of a closure piece. The sleeve is preferably a component made from steel. The bolt is made of aluminum, for example. A pyrotechnic propellant consists of a set of chemical substances in solid, liquid or gaseous form, which, as an energy carrier, strives for a large volume when activated and is thus able to move or shape an object.

In principle, other isolating actuators or actuators without separate encapsulation are also possible. I.e. the cylinder can for example also be partially implemented as part of the housing of the safety device, i. H. be integrated in the housing.

The isolating actuator and the above-mentioned pressure plate, which presses against the tear-off part of the conductor that is to be torn off in the event of a trip, can be positively connected or coupled to one another. To this end, they preferably have corresponding coupling elements. These can be designed, for example, in the form of a front cylindrical (core) bore in the bolt of the separating actuator and a corresponding pin on the back of the pressure plate. As a result, there is a form fit between the bolt and the pressure plate in the manner of a pin-blind hole connection (coupling). Alternatively, the bolt of the separating actuator could also form a part with the pressure plate, i. H. the bolt and the pressure plate are made in one piece.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures on the basis of exemplary embodiments. The same components are provided with identical reference numbers in the various fi gures. The figures are usually not to scale. Show it:

1 shows a perspective view (with the housing cover open) of a first exemplary embodiment of a securing device according to the invention in a starting position, Figure 2 is a perspective view of an electrical conductor of the safety device according to Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a housing base body of the fuse device according to Figure 1,

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a housing cover of the safety device according to FIG. 1,

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a pressure plate of the securing device according to Figure 1,

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a seal of the securing device according to FIG

1 ,

FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section of an isolating actuator (in an initial position) of the securing device according to FIG. 1,

FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the disconnect actuator (in a disconnected position after triggering) of the safety device according to FIG. 1,

FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the safety device according to FIG. 1 in a disconnected position of the electrical conductor with the tear-off part disengaged,

FIG. 10 shows another perspective view of the electrical conductor according to FIG. 9 with the tear-off part of the conductor disengaged with a schematic arc surrounded by an extinguishing material,

FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the safety device according to FIG. 1 with a closed housing,

FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment of a securing device according to the invention in an initial position,

FIG. 13 shows an upright section through the electrical conductor according to FIG. 12 along the section line AA, FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of a third exemplary embodiment of a securing device according to the invention in an initial position,

FIG. 15 shows a schematic representation of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a securing device according to the invention in an initial position,

FIG. 16 shows a schematic representation of a fifth exemplary embodiment of a securing device according to the invention in an initial position,

FIG. 17 shows a schematic representation of a sixth exemplary embodiment of a securing device according to the invention in an initial position,

FIG. 18 shows a schematic illustration of a seventh exemplary embodiment of a securing device according to the invention in an initial position,

Figure 19 is an example of a schematic circuit diagram of a fuse device 1 according to the invention connected in series in an electrical circuit.

A first preferred exemplary embodiment of the securing device 1 according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11, the securing device 1 being designed to interrupt an electrical connection V and with a first and second connection contact 101 in operation, as shown in FIG is placed in series in an existing electrical circuit.

As can be seen in particular from the perspective view in FIG. 1, in addition to the electrical conductor 100, the main components of this safety device 1 include a housing 11 with two arc extinguishing chambers 30 which are sealed off from an environment and which are filled with an extinguishing material 34, and an isolating actuator 60 (preferably a separately encapsulated, pyrotechnic isolating actuator). Other important areas within the housing 11, in which all other components are mounted, include two antechambers 25a, 25b, a separating actuator chamber 23 located longitudinally between the two arc extinguishing chambers 30, in which the separating actuator 60 is arranged, and an adjoining one at the end Release space 35. Some essential components of the construction according to FIG. 1 are shown individually in FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7.

The electrical conductor 100 is designed with a flat cross-section in accordance with the state shown in FIG. H. a cross section through the flat conductor 100 perpendicular to its direction VR has a shorter and a longer cross-sectional side. The course direction VR is u. a. here indicated arbitrarily clockwise, but it could also run the other way round.

The conductor 100 is bent here at several points over its longer cross-sectional side, so that it changes its direction VR several times. The bend takes place in such a way that the conductor 100 is essentially U-shaped in a “course plane” VE spanned by the course direction VR, which changes several times.

The “main direction” HVR of the conductor 100 is defined below as the direction VR of the two “legs” of the “U” in the plane VE.

The substantially U-shaped bent conductor 100 has at the free ends of the U-legs (also called “legs” for short) once again angled foot sections pointing away from the “U” so that including these foot sections in the course plane VE results in a square, right-angled "Q". As will be explained later, these foot sections serve as connection contacts 101.

A conductor 100 shaped in this way has two longitudinal sides arranged geometrically next to one another in the form of the two legs, a “closed” end face S connecting the two legs (which is formed by the “transverse bar“ 100d ”) and another opposite end face S opposite the closed end face S “Open” end face S '(the “U-opening”) with outwardly angled foot sections at the free ends of the U-legs.

The two parallel legs, which are mainly referred to simply as tear-off sections 104a, 104b in the following, are each at a point near the bend to the foot sections (or connection contacts 101) in the form of a predetermined tear-off point 102, here specifically a perforation line 102 weakened. The Perforationsli never 102 extends here perpendicular to the direction VR of the conductor 100 over its entire longer cross-sectional side between the two edges of the shorter transverse cut side. The perforation line 102 begins or ends at the edge of the conductor 100 in each case with an open hole, e.g. B. with about half a hole.

Immediately before or immediately after the two parallel predetermined tear-off points 102 in the course of the conductor 100 are diamond-shaped openings 103 in the conductor 100, each with a point pointing upwards, which in turn are arranged closer to one end of the perforation line 102. (In the example shown in FIG. 2, they are closer to the upper end, but could just as easily be arranged closer to the other, lower end of the perforation line 102.) In this case, their maximum extent is less than half of the longer cross-sectional side of the Conductor 100. The function of the predetermined tear-off points 102 and the diamond-shaped openings 103 is explained in more detail below.

On the closed end face S or the transverse bar 100d, the conductor 100 extends between the two parallel legs in a straight line perpendicular to its main direction HVR. To this end, it is correspondingly narrow at right angles to the main HVR direction, that is, almost angular, bent and / or shaped. In the middle between the two bends and in the middle with respect to the longer cross-sectional side of the conductor 100, a guide hole 106 is machined or punched in here in the course of the conductor 100.

The two outwardly angled foot sections of the conductor 100 serve as connection contacts 101, as mentioned. They are each provided with a “hole” or a circular central opening in the flat side of the conductor 100. With these holes, they can be integrated and secured in a series in an electrical circuit in a particularly simple manner for operation using appropriate clamping shoes, for example crimp cable clamping shoes, or by screws.

The different sections of the conductor 100 can also consist of a plurality of individual parts, which in any case, at least in a fully assembled state, form a continuous or continuously connected electrical conductor 100.

The conductor 100 comprises two parts 100s, 100d connected by the intended tear-off points 102, which parts divide from one another in the course of a tear-off movement AB (see FIG. 9). As will be explained later, a part 100s is essentially immovably mounted in the housing 11 (see, for example, FIG. 9 explained later) and is therefore shown in FIG Also referred to below as the “invariant ladder part” 100s, since it behaves statically in the context of the tear-off movement AB. It comprises the two sections of the conductor 100, which each extend between the connection contacts 101 and the intended tear-off points 102. In the disconnected position P2, as shown in FIG. 9, these invariant conductor parts 100s are no longer even indirectly connected via the remaining conductor part 100d which connects the two parts in the event of triggering after being torn off.

This other conductor part 100d of the conductor 100, which moves during the tear-off movement AB, is also referred to simply as the “tear-off part” 100d. This is in turn divided into two sections: In the already mentioned crossbar 100d "of the tear-off part 100d between the two legs of the conductor 100, which runs perpendicular to the main direction HVR, and in the two breakage-side end sections 100d 'of the tear-off part 100d, which correspond to the two moving "ends" torn off at the predetermined breaking point or predetermined tear-off point 102. These end sections 100d on the intended breakage side coincide with the torn-off, moving parts of the longitudinal limbs of the conductor 100, which each adjoin the crossbar 100d ″ parallel to the main direction HVR of the conductor 100. The tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 moves within a disengagement space 35 specially provided for this purpose in the housing 11 after the disconnection actuator 60 has been triggered.

As shown in particular in FIG. 9, the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 is therefore, after the tear-off movement AB, at a separation distance x from the invariant conductor part 100s in a second position or in a separation position P2. The “entire” separation distance is added up from the two individual separation distances x between the conductor parts 100s, 100d, which are separated at the intended tear-off points 102.

In the following, the housing 11 is described in more detail, which can be subdivided into a housing base body 21 according to FIG. 3 and a housing cover 41 according to FIG.

FIG. 11 shows the closed state of the housing 11. As can be seen here, the housing 11 is essentially cuboid.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the basic housing body 21 is correspondingly cuboid with a bottom side or base side G, with two longitudinal sides L and two end sides S, S '. The housing base body 21 is open at the top here and can be closed by means of the housing cover 41, with a specially shaped cover inside D (as will be explained later with reference to FIG. 4) inwards into the basic housing body by 21.

Relative directional information such as “up”, “down”, “side”, “frontal”, “bottom”, “longitudinal” etc. refer here arbitrarily to the representation in the figures.

The housing 11 comprises a circumferential outer wall 12, which is defined by the outer walls of the housing base body 21 and the housing cover 41. Further details of the circumferential outer wall 12 are explained below.

To simplify the description, the axis which runs centrally through the housing 11 parallel to the two longitudinal sides L is called the central axis MA. The housing 11 is constructed in such a way that a longitudinal section along the central axis MA parallel to the longitudinal sides L of the housing 11 would result in two symmetrical, elongated halves.

The housing base body 21, as can be seen particularly well in FIG. 3, is accordingly symmetrically shaped and, roughly described, has a plurality of separate chambers or areas in its interior, which are in any case completely closed here on the basic side.

The (housing) areas already listed above are arranged in relation to one another as follows: Two antechambers 25a, 25b are arranged on one (the open) end face S ‘in two rectangular corner areas. In the direction of the other, opposite (the closed) end face S, this is followed by the two elongated, qua-shaped arc extinguishing chambers 30. These in turn are each arranged in the form of a cuboid strip or channel only on the inside along the circumferential outer wall 12 of the housing base body 21. Beyond the arc extinguishing chambers 30 on the side facing away from the antechambers 25a, 25b, the already mentioned “rear space” 35 adjoins over the entire width of the end face S of the housing base body 21. Starting from the release space 35, the separation actuator chamber 23 extends to the open end face S ‘opposite the release space 35, centrally between the arc extinguishing chambers 30 and the antechambers 25a, 25b.

The separating actuator chamber 23 is designed along the base side G on the inside of the housing with an upwardly open, semi-circular recess. This recess in In the form of a “negative model” of the separating actuator 60 forms one half 28 of a separating actuator bearing in which the separating actuator 60, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 1, is stably supported and held in place.

Along its longitudinal sides, the separating actuator chamber 23 is designed with suitably shaped walls 13a, 13b, which separate it from the arc extinguishing chambers 30, and further suitably shaped inner walls 14a, 14b which separate it from the antechambers 25a, 25b. This means that the walls on the inside up to about half the height - that is, half of the longer cross-sectional side of the conductor 100 from FIG. 1 - form the aforementioned semi-circular recess in the form of a negative model of the separating actuator 60. In addition, “appropriately shaped” means that in each case the upper half of the inner sides of the separating actuator chamber 23 - in the form of the walls 13a, 13b and the inner walls 14a, 14b - run straight upwards and are parallel to the longitudinal sides L of the housing 11 . This achieves, as will be explained later, that a corresponding “negative mode” of the separating actuator 60, ie. H. the other half 48 of the isolating actuator bearing can be fitted to the inside of the cover D when the housing 11 is closed by means of the housing cover 41.

The separating actuator chamber 23 is designed to be open on both of its end faces. I.e. Be rich between the two antechambers 25a, 25b is a semicircular, upwardly open opening 29 in the circumferential outer wall 12 of the basic housing body 21, which, as will be explained later, is filled by a closure piece 65 of the separating actuator 60. On its other end face in an area between the two elongated arc extinguishing chambers 30, it is open with respect to the release chamber 35.

The release space 35 is otherwise, that is, on the other sides on which the separating actuator chamber 23 is not adjacent, enclosed all around by the circumferential outer wall 12 of the housing 11. This is, as can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 11, in the area of the release space 35 on the outside of the end face S and the two corresponding sections of the longitudinal sides L with outer wall ribs 36 running parallel to the base side G. These ribs serve to stabilize or reinforce the circumferential outer wall 12 and are therefore arranged in particular on the frontal outer wall 12 in the direction of action of the separating actuator 60, as shown schematically in FIG. 19 with a large arrow - representing the direction of action or the separating actuator 60 . The direction of action of the isolating actuator 60 here also corresponds to the main direction HVR of the conductor 100. The release space 35 is separated from the arc extinguishing chambers 30 by two (relatively short) passage walls 15b, 15c. The passage walls 15b, 15c are formed in an edge area on or near the circumferential outer wall 12 each with slots 33b, 33c adapted in shape and size to the conductor 100, in which the conductor 100 in the assembled state, as can be seen in FIG. is inserted. The passage walls 15b, 15c run along a plane perpendicular to the central axis MA parallel to the closed end face S of the housing base body 21 and each extend between the circumferential outer wall 12 and the end-side opening between the release space 35 and the separation actuator chamber 23.

The base side G of the release space 35 is designed with inside, slightly raised, regularly juxtaposed guide webs 37 which each run parallel to the central axis MA. They serve to guide a pressure plate 112 (which, as explained later, holds the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100), so that the pressure plate 112 has less contact surface with the base side G during the tear-off movement AB (see Figure 9) and thus less frictional resistance or sliding friction between the housing 11 and pressure plate 112 is made. The two already mentioned, symmetrical pre-chambers 25a, 25b, which are to be mirrored along the central axis MA, each form a cuboid sub-area of the housing base body 21. They are each formed by the base G and four side walls of the housing base body 21 and the inside D of the housing cover 41 give. As explained, they are arranged in the two corner regions of the securing device 1 opposite the release space 35.

The antechambers 25a, 25b each have outer wall slots 26a, 26b in the circumferential outer wall 12 of the basic housing body 21, through which the above-mentioned connection contacts 101 of the conductor 100 protrude from the housing 11 in the assembled state, as will be explained later . The through walls 15a, 15d of the front chambers 25a, 25b to the respective arc extinguishing chamber 30 are each formed with slots 33a, 33d so that the conductor 100 can pass through here in the assembled state. With regard to the separating actuator chamber 23, the antechambers 25a, 25b are separated by a straight outer side of the inner walls 14a, 14b. These inner walls 14a, 14b are each arranged slightly offset outwards (away from the central axis MA) with respect to the walls 13a, 13b between the isolating actuator chamber 23 and the arc extinguishing chambers 30, whereby a step is formed. I.e. the distance between the two inner walls 14a, 14b of the antechambers 25a, 25b is slightly greater than the distance between the two walls 13a, 13b of the arc extinguishing chambers 30.

In the closed state of the housing 11, the antechambers 25a, 25b accommodate the conductor 100 and a plug 50a, 50b with a curved through-channel for the conductor 100 (explanation follows below), which is located on the inside D of the housing cover 41. The slight offset of the inner walls 14a, 14b in the direction of the outer wall slots 26a, 26b creates space for circular recesses 24 in the basic housing 21 and for corresponding circular recesses 44 in the cover element 41, which, as shown in FIG. 1, has a circular projection 66 of the separation actuator 60.

As already explained above in the context of the other areas or chambers, the two arc extinguishing chambers 30 accordingly result from the walls 13a, 13b of the isolating actuator chamber 23, the through walls 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d and two parallel sections of the outer walls 12 along the length .

So that the slots 33a, 33b, 33c, 33d in the passage walls 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d are sufficiently tightly sealed, seals are in each case in the end-face passage walls 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d at the entry points E1, E2, E3, E4 71 arranged. This is explained in more detail below. The arc extinguishing chambers 30 are only closed at the top by placing and fixing the housing cover 21 in a final assembly step and thus ideally completely sealed. The four through walls 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d through which the conductor 100 enters or leaves the arc extinguishing chambers 30 each have wall sections which, in the manner of a bung 72, are used for form-fitting connection with the respective seal 71. The bung 72 here comprises a plurality of essentially parallel supporting walls 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, namely inside the arc extinguishing chambers 30 with a 45 ° bevel to the through wall 15a, 15b, 15c , 15d formed, "inner" support walls 31a, 31 b, 31c, 31 d, "middle" support walls, which form tongues 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d for the groove 73 of the associated seal 71, and "outer" support walls, The “outer” support walls are formed here by the through walls 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d themselves, which, as mentioned above, are only recessed with slots 33a, 33b, 33c, 33d roughly adapted to the shape and size of the conductor 100. This means that the “outer” support walls are therefore very close to the conductor 100.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the housing cover 41 is shaped overall in such a way that it forms a cover-side termination to the housing base body 21. Between it and the housing base body 21, all components mounted in the housing 11 are appropriately held or included when it is fitted in the housing base body 21 during assembly.

On the housing base body 21 facing inside cover D of the housing cover 41 is u. a. a circumferential edge 42. This is exactly shaped such that it, in conjunction with the circumferential edge 22 of the housing base body 21, results in a fit that seals the housing 11 sufficiently tightly against the surroundings of the safety device 1.

As already mentioned, the areas that are accommodated by the two antechambers 25a, 25b are each formed with a substantially cuboidal plug 50a, 50b adapted to the antechambers 25a, 25b with a curved through-channel for the conductor 100. This consists of two elements that take up the course of the conductor 100 bent at right angles between them and each form a curve bent at right angles on the sides facing the conductor 100. The passage channel of the plugs 50a, 50b is matched to the external dimensions 107 of the conductor 100 in such a way that there is a good fit in order to fix the conductor 100 in the housing 11 here.

At the sections where the seals 71 are on the housing cover 41, elongated webs 45a, 45b, 45c, 45d are arranged on the housing cover 41, which are aligned perpendicular to the course of the conductor 100 and which fit precisely into a respective groove 73 of the seals 71 in the Passage walls 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d of the housing base body 21 grip fen (this groove 73 can be seen, for example, in Figure 6). In the area of the housing cover 41, which closes the release space 35 during assembly, a further web 46, which runs perpendicular to the two webs 45b, 45c and is relatively higher, is formed near the peripheral edge 42. This serves to guide the conductor 100 on the outside as part of the tear-off movement, so that the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 is guided or guided in a straight line in the direction of the end face S on the outside of the housing.

Between these two higher webs 46 running in the longitudinal direction along the inside of the cover D in the region of the release space 35, further lower parallel guide webs 47 are located at regular intervals, as they are also arranged on the opposite base of the release space 35 in the housing base body 21. They serve to guide the pressure plate 112 with the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 on the cover side, so that there is as little sliding friction as possible.

In summary, during the tear-off movement AB (see FIG. 9), the pressure plate 112 is guided along the longitudinal sides L, the base side G and the inside of the cover D so that it fits exactly in the direction of the outside face S of the release space 35.

A cover-side half 48 of the aforementioned separating actuator bearing is located in an area that is accommodated by the separating actuator chamber 23 of the housing base body 21 - essentially between the webs 45a, 45b, 45c, 45d. The outer longitudinal sides of this half 48 of the isolating actuator bearing fit exactly on the inside into the straight continuation of the walls 13a, 13b and inner walls 14a, 14b on the housing base body 21. I.e. the halves 28, 48 of the separation actuator bearing sit well on one another in the assembled state and thus form a cavity that is open on both ends and is precisely sealed by the edges of the two components 28, 48 lying on top of one another. This cavity is designed in the interior in such a way that, as a “negative mode” of the separating actuator 60, it just offers space for receiving the separating actuator 60. For this purpose, it has a semicircular recess 44 at the level of a piston section D1 (explanation follows below) of the separating actuator 60, which complements the semicircular recess 24 in the housing body 21 to form a suitable circular recess for the projection 66 of the separating actuator 60 . This isolating actuator bearing 28, 48 ensures that the force of the isolating actuator 60 is transmitted as intended to the bolt 61 when triggered. In addition, the two Depressions 24, 44, which receive the projection 66 of the separating actuator 60, prevent the separating actuator 60 from being able to unintentionally shoot out of the housing 11 at the rear.

The semicircular openings 29, 49 on the end face S 'remote from the release space 35 complement each other to form a circular opening which, as can be seen in FIG. 11, encloses the locking piece 65 of the separating actuator 60 when the housing 11 is closed, the locking piece 65 from is freely accessible at the rear (from outside the housing 11) and can be connected, for example, via electrical connections, as indicated in FIG. 19, to a signal transmitter which, in the event of a trigger, transmits the trigger signal AS to trigger the isolating actuator 60. For example, the signal generator can be connected to a sensor in the vehicle, which is coupled to a built-in safety device, a belt tensioner or the like, so that when triggered, for. B. the safety device also triggers the safety device 1.

The arrangement of the above-mentioned interacting components can also be interchanged if necessary, so that for example the antechambers 25a, 25b are arranged in the housing cover 41 and the plug 50a, 50b with a curved passage channel is placed in the housing base body 21.

The seals 71 shown in FIG. 1 and mounted in the housing base body 21 at the entry points E1, E2, E3, E4 of the conductor 100 into the arc extinguishing chambers 30 are shown in detail in FIG.

The seals 71 are each formed with a through opening 75. This is designed with a clear dimension 78 which is adapted to an external dimension 107 of the cross section of the conductor 100. As a result, the conductor 100 can still just be moved along its course relative to the seal 71, but is otherwise sealed or tight in its course direction VR with respect to the surroundings of the arc extinguishing chamber 30.

As is also shown in FIG. 6, the seals 71, which are adapted to the shape and size of the conductor 100, are formed along their outer edges with at least two circumferential tongues 74 and a groove 73 located between them.

If the seal 71 is made in one piece, for example, it is positioned accordingly on the conductor 100 by sliding it on or pulling it open, so that in each case in the mounted position there is a seal 71 at the entry points E1, E2, E3, E4 of the arc arcing chambers 30 is located. The above-mentioned middle tongues 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d of the respective through wall 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, as shown in FIG. 1, then engage appropriately in the manner of a bung 72 (possibly a tongue and groove connection). each fitting precisely into the groove 73 of the respective seal 71.

If it should be desired that the seal 71 consists of two or more parts, since it is, for example, more favorable in terms of production or assembly, it is preferably applied from above, below or from the side at the entry points E1, E2, E3, E4 of the arc extinguishing chamber 30 on Conductor 100 assembled before the conductor 100, as will be explained later, is inserted into the housing base body 21 from above in a process step of assembly or production.

Alternatively, the conductor 100 could e.g. B. also be encapsulated in an injection molding process with a thermoplastic polymer to form a seal 71 at the appropriate points E1, E2, E3, E4 or a seal 71 could be injected in-situ on the housing 11 in a 2K injection molding process.

As can be seen in particular in FIG. 1, the already mentioned pressure plate 112 is arranged between the separating actuator 60 and the crossbar 100d ″ of the tear-off part 100d. The pressure plate 112, as shown in detail in FIG. 5, is essentially plate-shaped and adapted to the dimensions of the cross section of the conductor 100. As the term “pressure plate” already implies, the pressure plate 112 serves to push away a part, in this case the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100. So that the pressure plate

112 can transfer the pressure exerted on it by the isolating actuator 60 as intended to the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100, the two end faces of the pressure plate 112, which are assigned to the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 or the isolating actuator 60, each include suitable connecting elements 113, 114, 115, 116.

For this purpose, a cylinder-shaped pin 114 is arranged centrally on the end face of the pressure plate 112 assigned to the separating actuator 60. This serves together with a kranzförmi gene or collar-shaped coupling element 113 protruding at a small distance around the pin 114 as a connecting element between the pressure plate 112 and a bolt 61 of the separating actuator 60. In the case of a one-piece component consisting of the pressure plate 112 and the bolt 61, the Pin 114 and the coupling element

113 can be waived. On the end face of the pressure plate 112 facing the conductor 100, the latter has a type of “countersunk strip” 116, with a strip-shaped projection 117 remaining on each of two edges (top and bottom in FIG. 5). In the countersunk strip 116, the conductor 100 is bordered or guided parallel to the direction VR on the base side and on the cover side on the two shorter cross-sectional sides. In the middle of this countersunk strip 116 is a “nose” 115 which protrudes from the surface of the pressure plate 112 in the opposite direction of the pin 114, that is, in the direction of the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100. The nose 115 engages from the inside into the guide hole 106 which, as described above, is incorporated centrally between the two longitudinal legs of the conductor 100 in the connecting, closed end face S, i.e. in the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100.

The countersinking strip 116 and the nose 115 form further connecting elements, which in turn guarantee an intended force transmission of the pressure onto the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100.

The pyrotechnic disconnection actuator 60, which has already been mentioned several times and which is shown in FIG. 1 in the starting position P1 of the safety device 1 and in a tripped state in the disconnected position P2 of the safety device 1 in FIG. 9, is initially illustrated in the following using a longitudinal section through its longitudinal extension the starting position P1, as shown in Figure 7, described in more detail.

The isolating actuator 60 here has, as a “housing”, an elongated, hollow, cylindrical sleeve 64 with two open end faces and a total of two different inside diameters. On one end face (hereinafter “rear end face”) the sleeve 64 is closed with a closure piece 65. In front of it, in the direction of the other, “front” end face (also called “mouth area” in the following), there is an ignition device 62 and in front of it (optionally) a propellant 63 'which is located in a propellant chamber 63. In front of it there is a bolt 61 which, when the propellant charge 63 'is triggered, is to be ejected explosively from the front, open end of the sleeve 64 with a front section (see the position of the bolt 61 in a disconnected position P2 shown in FIG. 8) to tear off the conductor 100 as described above (see the corresponding position of the conductor 100 in Figures 9 and 10). Depending on the selected type of ignition device 62, this can be enough without additional propellant 63 'to shoot the bolt 61, for. B. if this itself contains an integrated propellant. For this purpose, the bolt 61 has a piston section D1 at its rear end facing the propellant charge 63 ', the outer diameter k of which is precisely matched to an inner diameter h of the sleeve 64, so that the effect of the propellant charge 63' is transmitted to the bolt 61 in the best possible way when the propellant 63 'is ignited.

In the further course, starting from the piston section D1 towards the mouth of the sleeve 64, the bolt 61 has three further sections D2, D3, D4 with partially different outer diameters e, r, e. The piston section D1 with the outer diameter k is followed by a piston-side sealing section D2 with a first outer diameter e, then a central section D3 with a second outer diameter r that is reduced compared to the first outer diameter e, and finally a mouth-side sealing section D4, again with the first outer diameter e on. The first outer diameter e of the piston-side sealing section D2 and of the mouth-side sealing section D4 is adapted to a reduced internal diameter m, also called the mouth diameter, of the sleeve 64 in the mouth region.

This ensures that the mouth of the sleeve 64 is closed as tightly as possible in the starting position P1 (see Figure 7) by the mouth-side sealing section D4 and in the separated position P2 (see Figure 8) by the piston-side sealing section D2. The reduced outer diameter r in the central section D3 nevertheless ensures that the friction between the bolt 61 and the muzzle does not play a role during the projecting of the bolt 61.

The constricted mouth in relation to the outer diameter k of the piston section D1 of the bolt 61 ensures that the bolt 61 cannot under any circumstances be shot completely through the mouth out of the sleeve 64 in a proper state. The outer diameter k of the bolt 61 does not drop abruptly or abruptly to the outer diameter e, but rather tapers conically to the smaller outer diameter e of the bolt 61, corresponding to the "transition" from the inner diameter h to the mouth diameter m of the sleeve 64 as can be seen in FIGS. 7 and 8. As a result, the bolt 61 is braked or dampened when the separation position P2 is reached.

At the front end of the bolt 61, a bore 67 or a blind hole is incorporated in the center. At this blind hole 67, the above-described pin 114 of the Separating element or the pressure plate 112 adapted to couple the pressure plate 112 with the bolt 61 well.

As already mentioned, FIG. 9 shows the ideal state of a tripped safety device 1 in the disconnected position P2. Here it can be seen particularly well how the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100, as already mentioned above, is angeord net in a disengagement space 35 after the tear-off movement AB at a separation distance x from the invariant conductor part 100s. Among other things, there is consequently also between the two end sections 100d and the respective “stubs” of the invariant conductor part 100s in the arc extinguishing chambers 30 extinguishing material 34 which contributes to extinguishing an arc LB, not shown here. As can be seen even better in FIG. 10, which shows the conductor 100 for this purpose without the surrounding housing 11, the two intended break-off end sections 100d 'of the moving tear-off part 100d torn off at the intended tear-off point 102 are still inside even after the tear-off movement AB half of the areas of the actual Lichtbogenlöschkam indicated here by dashed lines 30 and are therefore surrounded by extinguishing material 34.

An assembly of the individual components described in the housing body 21 to the structure shown in Figure 1 can, for. B. be carried out as follows:

First, the pressure plate 112 with its nose 115 is inserted into the guide hole 106 of the conductor 100 on the inside. In the case of a one-piece component made up of pressure plate 112 and bolt 61, this assembly step is omitted, and the separating actuator 60 with bolt 61 and pressure plate 112 would be used instead. The electrical conductor 100 is then provided with seals 71 at the locations described above. At the rear of the pressure plate 112, on the inside between the two legs of the conductor 100, the finished isolating actuator 60 is mounted or plugged on. The components connected in this way are finally inserted into the housing base body 21 of the housing 11 from above (perpendicular to the profile plane VE). The securing device 1 then has the state shown in FIG. 1 in the starting position P1. Consequently, who the two resulting arc extinguishing chambers 30, which were empty except for the two tear-off sections 104a, 104b of the conductor 100 itself, with the extinguishing material 34 completely up to the height - which is oriented normal to the plane VE - the circumferential Edge 22 filled. The separation actuator 60 is preferably a purchased part, which conditions in other Einrichtun, for. B. can be used to trigger safety devices, belt tensioners, hood stands or the like.

As shown in FIG. 11, in the fully assembled state of all components in the housing base body 21 of the securing device 1, the housing base body 21 can finally be closed with the housing cover 41. The securing device 1 is then ready to be installed or installed, for example, in an electrically powered vehicle.

With the aid of FIGS. 12 to 18, further preferred exemplary embodiments will now be described below, the securing device 1 being shown in a schematic top view in the starting position, that is, during regular operation or intact connection. All figures are only very simple schematic drawings, in which in particular the separating actuator 60 is only shown schematically as an arrow, the arrow also indicating the disengagement direction or the direction of action of the separating actuator 60 or the direction of the tear-off movement AB and thus also the main Indicates the direction HVR of the conductor 100. The housing 11 with the arc extinguishing chambers 30 is, as well as the conductor 100 itself, each shown only roughly schematically. The intended tear-off point 102 is only marked by a single line. In reality, these exemplary embodiments (apart from the modifications specifically described in each case) could be constructed in a similar manner or in part with identical components to the exemplary embodiment described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11.

The exemplary embodiment of the securing device 1 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 has an electrical conductor 100 which differs from the “simple” conductor by a conductor cross-section that is modified at least in sections. FIG. 12 shows a plan view of the plane VE of the conductor 100 and FIG. 13 shows a cross section through the conductor 100 along the section line AA drawn in FIG. As can be seen in cross section in FIG. 13, the modified electrical conductor 100 is formed with longitudinally extending depressions 120 at least in the area of the tear-off sections 104a, 104b. For this purpose, the conductor cross-section meanders perpendicular to the main direction HVR of the conductor 100. As a result of this type of design of the surface, which is enlarged relative to the "simple" conductor, the conductor 100 thus has more contact surface with the extinguishing material 34 in this structured area. By also filling the depressions 120 with sand 34, it is ensured that that compared to a smooth cross-section without longitudinally extending depressions of a “simple” conductor, there is also extinguishing material 34, so to speak, “within” the conductor 100. Thus, an arc LB potentially arising between the intended break-off end sections of the tear-off part 100d 'and the invariant conductor part 100s at the intended tear-off point 102 can be extinguished even better.

The embodiment of the fuse device 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 14 shows (again in plan view) an electrical conductor 100 with a step 140 in the region of the tear-off sections 104a, 104b. Within the arc extinguishing chambers 30 before and after this stage 140, both the tear-off part 100d and the invariant conductor part 100s of the conductor 100 each run parallel to the longitudinal sides L of the housing 11. In the area of the step 140 at the predetermined tear-off point 102, the conductor 100 runs in the Essentially perpendicular to the main HVR direction. The intended tear-off point 102 is here directly in this area in the step 140. The tear-off part 100d therefore runs linearly inward relative to the invariant conductor part 100s, offset or shifted parallel to the longitudinal sides L of the housing 11 100 with step 140 at the intended tear-off point 102 (perpendicular to its course direction VR there) is separated or torn apart in the main course direction HVR and the two ends are then inclined to one another in this construction, an arc would occur potentially formed in the context of the tear-off movement at the intended tear-off point 102, accordingly deflected or guided obliquely into the extinguishing material 34.

Another exemplary embodiment of the safety device 1 according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 15, differs with regard to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 11 only in that it additionally has a magnet arrangement 150. This is aligned in such a way that it causes a (as homogeneous as possible) magnetic field which is arranged perpendicular to the main direction HVR of the tear-off sections 104a, 104b. The magnets of the magnet arrangement 150 are arranged, for example, on the outside of the housing 11 next to the arc extinguishing chambers 30. In the figure, however, the magnetic field generated by the magnet arrangement 150 is only shown roughly schematically. In reality, the magnet arrangement 150 is preferably implemented in such a way that a magnetic field which is as homogeneous as possible is present at least in the area of the desired tear-off point 102. A suitable magnetic field - e.g. B. in about 50 to 100 mT - could for example can be generated by one or more magnets made of neodymium, possibly in connection with a horseshoe-shaped iron yoke as described above.

The two further exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, each comprise a conductor 100 with extinguishing material movement devices 160, 170 in order to bring extinguishing material 34 into a free space which, during the tear-off movement, is located between the conductor ends at the desired tear-off point 102 forms.

A first possible embodiment of a suitable extinguishing material movement device 160 is shown in FIG. 16, which has elements in the form of a plow shovel 160 in the area of the predetermined tear-off points 102. The plow blades 160 each extend obliquely - essentially over the area of the intended tear-off points 102 - at an angle from an end of the plow shovel 160 close to the ladder, which is arranged close to the end of the invariant ladder part 100s of the ladder 100 on the collapse side, and have a different, ladder-remote end End which is attached to the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 via thin webs 161. The plow blades 160 thus form funnel-shaped blade surfaces, i. H. they move away from the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 in the direction of the end remote from the conductor, obliquely to the direction of the main direction HVR.

When the ladder 100 is torn off, the plow blades 160 are moved along with the one on the tear-off part 100d due to the connection via the webs 161 and the "blade surfaces" of the plow blades 160 actively introduce extinguishing material 34 into the free spaces between the two ends of the ladder. What is achieved thereby is that extinguishing material 34 is in these free spaces even faster than is already deposited or accumulated therein by passive falling or sliding in. In order to be absolutely certain that the plow blades 160 do not form a conductive “bridge” or connection between the tear-off part 100d and the invariant conductor part 100s, they are formed, for example, from an electrically insulating material.

In FIG. 17, a further possible embodiment of an extinguishing material movement device 170 is shown, which has elements in the manner of a tape 170 in the area of the intended tear-off points 102. This differs only structurally, but not functionally, from the plow blades 160. Each of the straps 170 is attached both to the invariant ladder part 100s and to the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100, so that when the tear-off part 100d moves forward, it is attached to the invariant ladder part 100s of the ladder 100 by tearing ßen is automatically tightened or tensioned and extinguishing material 34 presses into the predetermined tear-off point 102.

So that the tape 170 can bring enough extinguishing material 34 into the predetermined tear-off point 102 by tightening, it is arranged, for example, in a semicircle around the predetermined tear-off point 102, whereby when filling the arc extinguishing chambers 30 care is taken that a particularly large amount of extinguishing material 34 is inside the Bands 170 (ie between band 170 and conductor 100) is located. In order to prevent the tape 170 from being able to tear itself off during the tear-off movement, it is preferably at least somewhat longer than a selected separation distance x.

The tapes 170 are also made of an electrically insulating material so that they do not form a conductive connection between the tear-off part 100d and the invariant conductor part 100s.

FIG. 18 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the fuse device 1 according to the invention, in which case a third separation of the conductor 100 at an additional nominal separation point 110 can take place. This intended separation point 110 is located in the middle of the closed end face S of the conductor 100 connecting the two tear-off sections 104a, 104b, that is, in the center of an area in the crossbar 100d ”of the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100. This end face S between the two Legs of the conductor 100 will also be referred to as separating section 111 in the following.

The conductor 100, more precisely its tear-off part 100d, is severed again with a time delay after being torn off at the two target tear-off points 102 in the arc extinguishing chambers 30 by means of a separating device 185 in the separated position P2.

The separating device 185 can be formed from two elements 185a, 185b, which interact with one another and effect separation according to the principle of a “guillotine”. One element 185a is a wedge-shaped cutting edge 185a, which protrudes from the inside of the end face S of the housing 11 into the release space 35. To this end, the separating element 112, which moves the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 against the end face S into the release space 35 to tear the conductor 100 from the separating actuator 60, has a wedge-shaped recess 185b. The separating element 112 then tears off the tear-off part 100d of the conductor 100 when triggered and moves it with the desired cutting point 110 at high speed towards the cutting edge 185a of the cutting device 185, so that the conductor 100 is ultimately in the cut position at the desired cutting point 110 is separated and the cutting edge 185a protrudes at the intended separation point 110 through the conductor 100 and into the wedge-shaped recess 185b of the separating element 112. If the cutting edge 185a is made of insulating material, for example ceramic, there is an additional permanently insulated separation of the conductor 100 here. Due to a sufficient time delay after the break, there is also no risk of an electric arc occurring during this further separation.

In order to facilitate the severing of the conductor 100 at the intended separation point 110, it has a weakened conductor cross-section 105, which is designed for example in the form of a slight cross-sectional constriction 105 and / or in the manner of a predetermined breaking point.

Finally, it is pointed out once again that the devices described in detail above are merely exemplary embodiments which can be modified in various ways by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the tear-off sections of the conductor could be located in an associated arc extinguishing chamber. Furthermore, the arc extinguishing chambers could be designed as chambers that can be used separately and each have their own outer walls. The housing could also be designed in such a way that the two connection contacts protrude on the end face on which the locking piece of the isolating actuator is also located, so that the electrical conductor runs through the housing in an essentially U-shaped manner. Furthermore, the special features of the modified preferred exemplary embodiments described above can also be combined with one another if necessary. In addition, the use of the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility that the relevant characteristics can be present several times. List of reference symbols

1 safety device

2 battery storage system / accumulator / battery

3 electric motor

11 housing

12 circumferential outer wall

13a, 13b walls

14a, 14b inner walls

15a, 15b, 15c, 15d passage walls

21 Housing body

22 circumferential edge on the base

23 Separation Actuator Chamber

24 deepening

25a, 25b antechambers

26a, 26b outer wall slots

28 bottom half of the separation actuator bearing

29 semicircular opening, bottom side

30 arc chamber

31a, 31b, 31c, 31d support walls

32a, 32b, 32c, 32d middle support walls / springs 33a, 33b, 33c, 33d slots

34 Extinguishing Material

35 release space

36 exterior wall ribs

37 guide bars, on the bottom

41 housing cover

42 peripheral edge on the cover side

44 deepening

45a, 45b, 45c, 45d bars

46 high lateral guide bars

47 guide bars, cover side

48 Half of the separation actuator bearing on the inside of the cover

49 semicircular opening, cover side

50a, 50b plug with curved passage channel 60 separating actuator 61 bolt / pin

62 Ignition device

63 propellant chamber

63 ‘propellant

64 sleeve

65 locking piece

66 cantilever

67 Bore / blind hole

71 Seal

72 Form fit / bunging

73 groove

74 springs

75 through opening

78 clear dimension of the seal

100 electrical conductors

100s invariant ladder part

100d tear-off part

100d ‘intended break-end end sections of the tear-off part

100d “crossbar of the tear-off part

101 connection contacts

102 Target tear-off point / perforation line

103 breakthroughs

104a, 104b tear-off section

105 Reduced cross-section

106 guide hole

107 External dimensions of the conductor

110 Target separation point

111 separation section

112 Separation element / pressure plate

113 coupling element

114 pen

115 nose

116 contraction strips

117 strip-shaped projection

120 longitudinal recesses of the electrical conductor 140 step of the electrical conductor

150 magnet arrangement 160, 170 extinguishing material moving device

160 plow shovel

170 volume

185 Separating device e first outer diameter of the bolt

h inner diameter of the sleeve

k outer diameter of the bolt in the piston section m inner diameter of the sleeve / mouth diameter r second outer diameter of the bolt

x separation distance

A-A cutting line

AB tear-off movement

AS trigger signal

D inside of lid

D1 piston section

D2 piston-side sealing section

D3 middle section

D4 sealing section on the mouth side

E1, E2, E3, E4 entry points

G base

HVR main course direction

L long sides

LB arc

MA central axis

P1 first position / starting position

P2 second position / disconnected position

S closed face

S ‘open face

V electrical connection

VE gradient level

VR course direction

Claims

1. Fuse device (1) for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with an electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), the conductor (100) between the first and the second connection contact (101) its direction (VR) changes several times, so that the conductor (100) has at least two to be interrupted, geometrically arranged next to each other, electrically connected in series, tear-off sections (104a, 104b), a housing (11) in which at least the two interruptible tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) are included,

a separating actuator (60) which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor (100) in order to separate the conductor (100) by tearing at least at the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) when the separating actuator (60) is triggered ,

wherein the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) each run through a ge compared to an environment sealed arc extinguishing chamber (30) of the housing (11), in which an extinguishing material (74) is located.

2. Safety device (1) according to claim 1, wherein an arc extinguishing chamber (30) at an entry point (E1, E2, E3, E4) of the conductor (100) each comprises at least one seal (71), the seal (71) having a through opening (75), the Lich th dimension (78) is adapted to an external dimension (107) of the conductor (100).

3. Safety device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a seal (71), preferably as a rubber seal (71), preferably an elastic and / or an electrically insulating material comprises.

4. Safety device (1) according to claim 1 to 3, wherein an arc extinguishing chamber (30) has two entry points (E1, E2, E3, E4) each with a through wall (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d), each with a seal ( 71) are sealed, the device (71) being connected to the respective through wall (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d) of the housing (11) in the manner of a bung (72).

5. Safety device (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with

an electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), the conductor (100) between the first and the second connection contact (101) changing its direction (VR) several times, so that the Conductor (100) has at least two to be interrupted, geometrically arranged next to one another, electrically connected in series tear-off sections (104a, 104b), a housing (11) in which at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) to be interrupted Head (100) are included,

wherein the safety device (1) is designed in such a way that an arc (LB) which occurs when the conductor (100) is torn off in a tear-off section (104a, 104b) inevitably runs essentially into an extinguishing material (34).

6. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the conductor (100) at least in the region of one of the tear-off sections (104a, 104b) in its direction (VR) longitudinally extending depressions (120), preferably grooves (120), having.

7. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with a Mag net arrangement (150) to deflect an arc (LB) in the extinguishing material (74).

8. Securing device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with an extinguishing material moving device (150, 160) in order to bring extinguishing material (74) into a free space, which by a displacement of a conductor part (100d) when tearing off the conductor (100) in the tear-off section (104a, 104b).

9. Securing device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the course of the conductor (100) in the area of the tear-off section (104a, 104b) is at least stepped at a predetermined tear-off point (102) in order to avoid the arc (LB) divert into the Löschma material (34).

10. Safety device (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with

an electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), the conductor (100) between the first and the second connection contact (101) changing its direction (VR) several times, so that the conductor (100) has at least two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) that are to be interrupted, geometrically arranged next to one another and electrically connected in series, a housing (11) in which at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) to be interrupted are received,

wherein the conductor (100) in its course, preferably between the tear-off sections (104a, 104b), has at least one additional nominal separation point (110) electrically connected in series with the tear-off sections (104a, 104b),

and wherein the securing device (1) preferably has a separating device (185) which cooperates with the separating actuator (60) in order to move the conductor (100) at the desired separation point at the desired separation point after the tear-off in the tear-off sections (104a, 104b) (110) cut.

1 1. Securing device (1) according to claim 10, with a separating device (185) which has at least one non-conductive, preferably wedge-shaped separating element (112), the conductor (100) at the desired separating point (110) at least by means of a part the separating device (185) is severed during a relative movement.

12. Securing device (1) according to claim 11, wherein in the course of the tear-off movement (AB) the separating element (112) causes at least one tear-off part (100d) of the conductor (100) with the intended separation point (110) from a first position ( P1) against the Trennvorrich device (185) is moved until an interruption of the circuit in a second Stel ment (P2) is reached.

13. A method for manufacturing a safety device (1) comprising at least the following steps:

Providing or producing an electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), the conductor (100) changing its direction (VR) several times between the first and the second connection contact (101), so that the conductor ( 100) has at least two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) which are to be interrupted and are arranged geometrically next to one another and are electrically connected in series,

Providing or manufacturing a housing (11) with at least two arcing chambers (30),

Insertion of the conductor (100) into the housing (1 1) so that at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) to be interrupted in the housing (1 1) The two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) each run through an arc extinguishing chamber (30) which is sealed off from the environment,

Providing or producing a separation actuator (60),

- Arranging the separating actuator (60) relative to the conductor (100) in such a way as to separate the conductor (100) by tearing off at least at the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) when the separating actuator (60) is triggered,

Filling the two arc extinguishing chambers (30) formed by the housing (11) with an extinguishing material (34).

14. Use of a safety device (1), in particular for interrupting an electrical connection (V) to a battery storage system (2), according to one of claims 1 to 13 in an electrically operated vehicle.

15. Vehicle with an electric motor (3) and a safety device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13.