DE102019107029A1 - Safety device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a safety device (1) for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with an electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), the conductor (100) between the first and the second connection contact (101 ) changes its direction (VR) several times so that the conductor (100) has at least two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) to be interrupted, geometrically arranged next to one another and electrically connected in series. The safety device (1) further comprises a housing (11) in which at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) to be interrupted are accommodated, and an isolating actuator (60) which is designed in this way and relative to the conductor (100) is arranged to separate the conductor (100) by tearing off at least at the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) when the separating actuator (60) is triggered. Furthermore, the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) each run through an arc extinguishing chamber (30) of the housing (11) which is sealed off from an environment and in which an extinguishing material (34) is located. The invention also relates to a method for producing a safety device (1).

Description

The invention relates to a safety device for interrupting an electrical connection, comprising an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact, the conductor changing its direction several times between the first and the second connection contact, so that the conductor at least two geometrically next to each other to be interrupted having arranged, electrically connected in series tear-off sections. The safety device further comprises a housing in which at least the two tear-off sections of the conductor to be interrupted are received. It further comprises a separation actuator which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor in order to separate the conductor by tearing off at least at the two tear-off sections when the separation actuator is triggered.

When an electrical circuit is interrupted, a so-called arc can form above a certain current strength and / or voltage. If the electrical potential difference (voltage) and current density are sufficiently high, this occurs through impact ionization between the two conductor ends, which are interrupted or separated from one another. The electric current continues to flow through the gas (e.g. air) between the separated conductor ends, which is ionized in the process, and the gas becomes electrically conductive through the ionization of the particles (atoms or molecules). The current density is generally defined as the ratio of the current strength and the cross-sectional area available to the current. An arc (in the field of the invention a negative phenomenon in the sense of an accidental arc) can therefore maintain an electrical connection in an electrical circuit, although the two conductor ends are actually no longer directly (physically) connected to one another, since the conductor ends are already connected, for example by an im Essentially air-filled gap are separated from each other. The higher the current strength and / or the voltage in an electrical circuit, the more energetic the arc that occurs during separation. Spark quenching (arc quenching) is even more important, especially with direct current, since there is no so-called zero voltage transition, as is the case with alternating current, which can extinguish the arc by itself.

The arc phenomenon becomes particularly problematic when the electrical circuit has to be forcibly interrupted for health reasons, for example in the event of an accident to avoid further consequential damage.

For example, maintaining the connection between a battery or a rechargeable battery and an electric motor can result in a considerable health risk (including for those involved) due to electric shock in the event of an accident. In order to avoid this, a large number of different security and separation systems are already known.

For example, in the WO 2017/032362 A1 a circuit breaker described with the features mentioned above. In the construction there, the connecting elements that establish a connection between a first and a second contact are located together with an insulating medium and further components in a common interior space of the housing. As a result, the entire interior space is contaminated or soiled with the isolator medium after it has been triggered. In addition, parts of the insulating medium could also be located outside the housing after the disconnector has tripped. This increases the risk that surrounding components will be contaminated and - even if this would in principle allow other accident damage to the vehicle - simply replacing the disconnector is not sufficient to e.g. B. to put the vehicle back into operation.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve such a safety device.

This object is achieved by a safety device according to claim 1 and a method for producing the safety device according to claim 13.

As mentioned at the beginning, the fuse device according to the invention has an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact for interrupting an electrical connection, for example an electrical circuit. The electrical contacts, e.g. B. two end portions of the conductor, by means of which the fuse device is connected in series with the other electrical components of an electrical circuit. For example, in the simplest case, a battery as a power source and an electric motor can already form a closed electrical circuit.

In this case, the conductor changes its direction several times between the first and the second connection contact, so that the conductor has at least two tear-off sections to be interrupted, arranged geometrically next to one another and electrically connected in series. In the simplest case, a tear-off section can only be a section in the course of the relevant conductor, at or in which section the conductor is preferably torn off or separated, if, as explained later, for example a predetermined tear-off point has been incorporated.

For example, the course of the conductor between the first and the second connection contact can run in a loop in at least one section or have at least one U-shaped section, in which the two legs of the U-shaped section are preferably arranged essentially parallel to one another and geometrically next to one another.

The safety device also has a housing in which at least the two tear-off sections of the conductor to be interrupted are accommodated.

Furthermore, the safety device comprises a disconnection actuator, preferably a pyrotechnic disconnection actuator, which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor to separate the conductor by tearing off the conductor when the disconnection actuator is triggered, preferably when a trigger signal is received, at least at the two tear-off sections. I.e. the isolating actuator is arranged relative to the conductor such that when the isolating actuator is triggered, the conductor is torn off by the action of the isolating actuator in at least one tear-off section, but preferably in both tear-off sections simultaneously.

In addition, the safety device according to the invention comprises at least two sealed arc extinguishing chambers. These are each arranged at least in the area of the two tear-off sections of the conductor. They are designed to seal (shield) an arc that may arise in a free space (i.e. between the two conductor parts separated from one another by the tearing off) from the outside from the surroundings of the arc chamber. “Sealed off from the surroundings of the arc quenching chamber” is to be understood in such a way that processes occurring inside the arc quenching chamber when torn off do not cause any harmful effects outside the arc quenching chamber as far as possible. In addition, no extinguishing material should be able to escape. The extinguishing material is preferably a substance or a material that has electrically insulating properties and is hardly or very poorly ignitable or combustible. A more detailed description of the extinguishing material and its function is given below. It is located at least in and / or around the area of the tear-off sections within the arc extinguishing chambers. The arc extinguishing chamber is preferably filled with the extinguishing material essentially except for the conductor itself.

In the case of the construction according to the invention, too, the conductor is, as usual, initially - i. H. before the disconnection actuator is triggered - in a first position or in an "initial position". In this starting position (or "normal operating position") the undestroyed conductor is, as mentioned above, e.g. B. integrated in an electrical circuit in the form of a series circuit via the first and second connection contact, so that (in "control mode") there is a closed circuit, for example between the battery and the electric motor. In accordance with the intended purpose, the current flows through the electrical conductor of the safety device during normal operation, with a current flow not being impaired.

After a successful disconnection - after the disconnection actuator has been triggered - the torn off moving ladder section is in a second position or in a "disconnected position". In this disconnected position, the electrical circuit between a first and a second connection contact is interrupted as intended. For example, to interrupt the electrical circuit, a movable tear-off part of the conductor can be torn out between the connection contacts. This can preferably be moved into the disconnected position in a disengagement space in the housing which is specially provided for this purpose and is separate from the arc extinguishing chambers, as will be explained later.

Due to the multiple changes in its direction, the conductor can be interrupted simultaneously in the context of the tear-off movement at several tear-off sections arranged geometrically next to one another. This advantageously ensures that only a fraction of the total voltage used is applied to the individual tear-off sections. The total voltage applied to the conductor is divided according to the number of tear-off sections used. As a result, for example with a total of two tear-off sections used, only half the total tension is applied to each of the two tear-off sections when tearing off. In this way, any arcs that may arise between the separate conductor parts are already weakened or even the formation of an arc is prevented. Because the conductor now also runs through an additionally sealed, separate arc extinguishing chamber in the housing, at least in the area of the tear-off sections, it can be ensured that the electric arc is held within the arc extinguishing chamber and particularly well and quickly by means of the extinguishing material located there can be deleted. Since these arc extinguishing chambers are arranged as sealed, separate chambers within the housing, the probability that extinguishing material will get outside of the housing when triggered is further reduced. If this In other words, allow other accident damage to the vehicle in principle, the vehicle can be put back into operation immediately by simply and quickly replacing the safety device. In particular, cleaning of the surrounding area would not be necessary.

• Zum einen wird ein elektrischer Leiter mit zumindest einem ersten und einem zweiten Anschlusskontakt bereitgestellt oder hergestellt, wobei der Leiter zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Anschlusskontakt seine Verlaufsrichtung mehrfach ändert, so dass der Leiter zumindest zwei zu unterbrechende, geometrisch nebeneinander angeordnete, elektrisch in Reihe verbundene Abreiß-Abschnitte aufweist. D. h. der Leiter wird so gebogen und/oder geformt, dass an einer definierten Stelle in den Abreiß-Abschnitten jeweils eine Soll-Abreißstelle eingebracht wird, und durch die Formung des Verlaufs des Leiters wird gleichzeitig dafür gesorgt, dass diese Abreiß-Abschnitte, an welchen der Leiter im Sicherungsfall im Rahmen einer Abreißbewegung jeweils getrennt wird, zwar elektrisch in Reihe verbunden sind (im einfachsten Fall können es ja nur Abschnitte desselben Leiters sein), aber geometrisch nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Damit wird erreicht, dass wie oben erwähnt bei einer Abreißbewegung die beiden Abreiß-Abschnitte nach Möglichkeit im Wesentlichen gleichzeitig getrennt werden, so dass jeweils nur die halbe Gesamtspannung in den beiden Abreiß-Abschnitten anliegt.

A method according to the invention for manufacturing (manufacturing method) a fuse device for interrupting an electrical connection comprises at least the following steps:

• On the one hand, an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact is provided or produced, the conductor changing its direction several times between the first and the second connection contact, so that the conductor at least two to be interrupted, geometrically arranged next to each other, electrically connected in series Has tear-off sections. I.e. the conductor is bent and / or shaped in such a way that a desired tear-off point is introduced at a defined point in the tear-off sections, and the shaping of the course of the conductor at the same time ensures that these tear-off sections at which the Head is separated in the fuse case in the context of a tear-off movement, although they are electrically connected in series (in the simplest case it can only be sections of the same conductor), but are arranged geometrically next to each other. This means that, as mentioned above, in the event of a tear-off movement, the two tear-off sections are separated, if possible, essentially simultaneously, so that only half the total tension is applied in each of the two tear-off sections.

Furthermore, a housing with at least two arc extinguishing chambers is provided or manufactured and the electrical conductor is inserted into the housing so that at least the two tear-off sections of the conductor to be interrupted are received in the housing, the two tear-off sections of the conductor each passing through an arc extinguishing chamber run, which is sealed against an environment.

The housing is so z. B. manufactured or shaped so that it receives or encloses the electrical conductor so that at least the two tear-off sections of the conductor are in arc extinguishing chambers that are separated from the other areas in the housing by walls within the housing. At the entry points of the conductor into the arc extinguishing chambers or out of these, seals are arranged in the course of the conductor in front of and behind the tear-off sections to be interrupted in order to seal the passage through the walls. Possible shapes and types of seals are explained in more detail below.

Furthermore, the housing advantageously surrounds the conductor in such a way that the conductor runs predominantly within the housing, the connection contacts of the conductor e.g. B. extend or protrude from the housing and can be integrated very easily in series in an electrical circuit.

In addition, a disconnect actuator is provided or manufactured. This is arranged relative to the conductor such. B. also mounted in or on the housing in order to separate the conductor (upon receipt of a trigger signal in the event of a fuse) when the isolating actuator is triggered at least at the two tear-off sections by tearing off.

For example, the isolating actuator can be used in the housing in a specially designed "isolating actuator chamber". The isolating actuator could preferably be in the form of an independent purchased part and be acquired and used in a state ready for assembly. This will be explained later.

During assembly, the two arc extinguishing chambers formed by the housing are filled with an extinguishing material. The housing is then preferably closed. For example, by connecting a basic housing body in which the above-mentioned Components are assembled and the extinguishing material is filled in, closed with a housing cover. As a result, the extinguishing material, which is located in the arc extinguishing chambers, can be held captive within the arc extinguishing chamber as well as an accidental leakage, e.g. B. during assembly of the safety device can be prevented.

The sequence of the method steps described above for assembling the individual components of the security device is arbitrary, provided that the individual components were either provided or produced beforehand so that they are available for assembly. Likewise, the components can also be provided at least partially assembled. For example, the conductor can be completely formed with seals already attached, provided with predetermined tear-off points and made available for insertion into the housing.

In the case of the basic housing body described above, all of the inner walls or partition walls are preferably already fully formed. For example, the “partition walls” of the arc extinguishing chambers can be separated from the other areas in the Housing, e.g. B. a separation actuator chamber, already formed or shaped in the manufacture of the housing in one operation, z. B. in an injection molding process. Alternatively, individual partition walls could also be used later if this appears favorable in terms of production technology. These are then provided, for example, as separate individual parts and can be inserted into the housing or mounted in the housing in at least one further process step of the manufacturing method (before filling).

A number of further process steps can also be provided in the production method described. For example, the housing base body of the housing can be sealed with the cover element after it has been filled, so that subsequent improper opening by a third party, for example for manipulation purposes, can be prevented. For example, the seals can also be provided or delivered in a prepared state. Preferably, however, the seals can also be injected or foamed or foamed in an additional process step in-situ directly around or on the conductor using a so-called “formed in-place” (or “formed in-place foam gasket” (FIPFG)) method the conductor can be overmolded. The seals can also be inserted directly into the housing using the "form-in-place" method or using the 2K injection molding process. This will be explained in more detail later.

The inventive use of a safety device according to the invention in an electrically operated vehicle (electric car or electric vehicle, B (EV) for short) can in particular result in an interruption of an electrical connection between the components of the vehicle that require electricity, in particular the vehicle electric motor or electric drive a battery storage system or other current / voltage sources. As a result, an unwanted current flow emanating from a battery storage system can be prevented, preferably immediately after an accident. For example, it can be prevented that a current flow to a battery storage system continues, which could possibly cause a spark which could ignite a flammable liquid leaking as a result of the accident.

The safety device is advantageously designed in such a way that it is suitable for high direct and alternating currents at high voltages, as occur in modern electric vehicles. In particular, the safety device can be designed for voltages above 100 V and also for the interruption of direct currents. The construction is also designed in such a way that the current can be safely separated, preferably with a current strength greater than 2000 A, particularly preferably with a current strength greater than 10000 A. The construction of the safety device can in principle also be used for electrical connections that are designed for medium voltages in the sense of the VDE regulations, namely for voltages of more than 1kV.

So that the safety device mentioned at the beginning triggers when it is supposed to trigger, it could be coupled, for example, to a safety device usually installed in the vehicle with a signal transmitter (or sensor), so that, in the event of an accident, it can be triggered at the same time or immediately triggers after the safety device.

A vehicle according to the invention has at least one electric motor for driving the vehicle and a safety device according to the invention. The vehicle can be any electric car, an electric truck, an electric motorcycle, an electric boat, an aircraft (or aircraft) or the like. The safety device is not limited to use in one of the aforementioned electrically powered vehicles, but can generally be used to interrupt an electrical circuit with any battery storage system, e.g. B. a battery or a rechargeable battery, so preferably also in a machine or a robot or a battery storage system, which is simply only generally used for a power supply for intermediate storage, such. B. can be used as a local storage system for a solar system.

Further, particularly advantageous configurations and developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description, whereby the independent claims of one claim category can also be developed analogously to the dependent claims and exemplary embodiments of another claim category and in particular also individual features of various exemplary embodiments or variants can be combined to new embodiments or variants.

In principle, the electrical conductor of the fuse device could have any cross-section transversely to its direction, e.g. B. a round solid cross-section.

However, the conductor is preferably designed as a “flat conductor”. In other words, it has a substantially flat cross section. I.e. the cross section of the flat conductor comprises a shorter and a longer side. For the sake of simplicity, a flat conductor is also only referred to as "conductor" called. The conductor is bent several times in its course, preferably over the longer cross-sectional side or “flat side”, so that, for example, a U-shaped conductor section is created. This U-shape can be seen in a plan view of the shorter cross-sectional side of the conductor. As already mentioned, the two legs of the U-shaped section are thereby preferably arranged essentially parallel to one another and geometrically next to one another. These legs can therefore form the tear-off sections which, as mentioned, are each provided with at least one predetermined tear-off point.

A “predetermined tear-off point”, like a nominal separation point described in more detail later (for special embodiments), is basically designed in the sense of a “predetermined breaking point” at which the conductor should preferably be separated in a targeted and as predictable manner as possible. In the simplest embodiment, the conductor is weakened at such a “predetermined breaking point”, so that from a desired tensile stress along its main direction it first tears off at this predetermined breaking point or is separated first. The tensile stress required for the separation is brought about (as mentioned) by means of the separation actuator.

For example, the conductor can be mechanically weakened at such a predetermined breaking point, in particular a predetermined breaking point. I.e. he can z. B. at least at this point a cross-sectional constriction (thinning).

The conductor preferably has a “perforation line” transverse to its direction at a predetermined breaking point, in particular a predetermined tear-off point. This corresponds to a mechanical weakening in the form of several holes almost adjacent to one another along a line that extends over the entire longer cross-sectional side.

As a result, the tensile strength of the conductor is deliberately negatively affected at this point, but the external dimensions of the conductor do not have to be reduced.

Particularly preferably, in the course of the conductor, a further weakening hole can be arranged in the conductor immediately before and after a perforation line. This is preferably arranged closer to one of the shorter cross-sectional sides of the conductor, so that the tearing of the perforation line begins from the opposite side.

Very particularly preferably, the conductor has a perforation line at a predetermined tear-off point perpendicular to its course with at least two - before and after - diamond-shaped holes or openings, the diamond-shaped openings being asymmetrical, ie. H. are arranged closer to one of the shorter cross-sectional sides of the conductor. They can have the effect that, due to uneven expansion of the material and the resulting uneven force, tearing off at the intended tear-off points is favored. However, other shapes of the holes or openings on the perforation line in the conductor are also possible.

The perforation lines and / or the above-mentioned additional weakening holes in the conductor and / or other - to be described later - holes or openings in the conductor can, for. B. are preferably punched out or incorporated in another way. You can e.g. B. can also be cut out by means of a suitable laser.

Likewise, the weakening of a predetermined tear-off point could also be achieved by making the conductor from a more easily tearable material in the area of the predetermined tear-off point (i.e. a material which tears more quickly and easily under tensile stress) than in other areas. This can be useful if the production of the conductor from several pieces would be associated with less effort and lower costs. This is particularly useful if the majority of the conductor would consist of a cheaper, but at the same time more tensile, material. Possible more cost-effective and more tensile materials for the main part of the conductor could, for example, be aluminum or special metal alloys suitable for this purpose, whereas copper and silver are suitable for the tear-off sections with the intended tear-off points.

There are various possibilities for designing the connection contacts of the conductor.

The first and second connection contacts of the conductor are preferably located outside the housing of the safety device, so that the safety device can be installed in a closed state of the housing in the case of a new installation or retrofitting in an existing system. The two connection contacts of the securing device, which protrude, so to speak, a piece from the housing of the securing device, can have almost any shape.

The connection contacts are preferably each formed with at least one hole in cross-section, so that they can be connected, for example, with a screw or the like. can be permanently connected or clamped in an existing circuit. The two connection contacts are particularly preferably designed with a hole in such a way that, for example, a clamping shoe can be used for clamping contact. This enables a new installation or retrofitting of the safety device in an existing circuit by means of simple and quick terminal contacts. Farther This type of clamping ensures that the safety device usually always remains connected in a circuit and does not come off easily during vehicle operation.

According to the invention, the arc extinguishing chambers are sealed. There are also various options for this.

Preferably, one, particularly preferably each, arc extinguishing chamber has at least two seals, one seal each at each of the two entry points of the conductor into or out of the relevant arc extinguishing chamber.

The seals at the entry points of the arc extinguishing chambers are preferably formed or shaped in such a way that neither significant extinguishing material nor an arc emerges from the arc extinguishing chambers during operation.

For this purpose, each of the seals expediently has a through opening for the conductor. This is designed to match the conductor cross-section, so that it can still be moved along its main direction, but - with a constant cross-section along the conductor section moving through the seal - is permanently sealed as tightly as possible. The through opening therefore preferably has a predetermined clear dimension that is designed to be minimally smaller than an external dimension of the conductor, so that in any case the seal is particularly close to the conductor, even if the clear dimension achieved with a specific seal may be manufacturing-related in individual cases (within the tolerances) should be slightly larger than the specified clearance.

At least along the conductor section moving through the seal, the conductor preferably also has a uniform, smooth surface so that it slides smoothly through the through-openings of the seals during the tear-off movement.

A seal preferably comprises an elastic and / or an electrically insulating material. It is particularly preferably a rubber seal or a seal made of a rubber-like elastic material. Most preferably, the seal is made of a heat-resistant material, so that its shape does not change in the event of the potential formation of an arc, nor is its material damaged in such a way that the sealing ability of the seal could possibly be impaired. This ensures that the arc extinguishing chamber remains sealed off from its surroundings.

Preferred materials for an elastic seal, which is, for example, assembled by hand or preferably by machine, are acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, silicone rubber or fluorine rubber.

If a seal is to be introduced in situ, it can on the one hand, as mentioned above in the manufacturing process, be injected in a so-called 2K injection molding process. Then thermoplastic polymers are preferably used as materials, such as. B. Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamides (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyoxymethylene (POM ), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).

On the other hand, as mentioned above in the manufacturing process, a seal can be applied or introduced directly to the conductor or to the housing, for example using the so-called “form in place” method. As a material, a polymer such as. B. Polyurethane can be used.

For a tight connection to the housing, one, preferably each, seal together with an associated wall section of the housing forms a form-fitting connection. These wall sections are z. B. each in the area of the entry points of the conductor in the arc extinguishing chamber. Such wall sections into which a seal is inserted through which the conductor runs are also referred to below as "passage walls" of the arc extinguishing chamber.

Such a form fit between the seal and the passage wall is preferably a tongue and groove connection or (as particularly preferred) a bung. Two connection partners (components) are usually connected to one another in a form-fitting manner, so that there is sufficient shear strength perpendicular to this connection. In the case of a bung, one of the two connection partners has a groove at the connection point and the other has a tongue, so that when the two connection partners are connected, the tongue fits positively into the groove. A tongue-and-groove connection means a connection between two components in which both connection partners have a groove at the connection point, which is positively connected by means of an additional tongue in the form of a third component.

For this purpose, the wall sections or through walls each have recesses or slots which are adapted to the outer shape and dimensions of the conductor. So that when the conductor is torn off, particular care is taken to ensure that the seal remains in place the openings in the through walls, in which the seals can each be arranged, on the side facing away from the arc extinguishing chambers, are preferably only slightly larger than the conductor cross-section. As a result, the seals are held captive in the passage wall between the inside and outside at the entry points. A through wall is therefore preferably designed in such a way that it has at least one single groove, preferably a double groove with a tongue located in between, at the opening for connection to the seal arranged therein. Particularly preferably, the seal is formed with a cooperating simple groove, in which, with a suitable arrangement, the tongue of the double groove engages so that the conductor slips through the seal when the tear-off part of the conductor is torn off in the direction of the conductor run without to take the seal with you. This should keep the seals in place if the conductor tears away.

The wall sections or passage walls can, as mentioned, for. B. molded directly into the housing parts (z. B. by injection molding) or separately inserted components into the housing.

After closing the housing, e.g. B. the already mentioned assembly of the housing from a housing base body and a housing cover, so that the matching housing walls in conjunction with the seals all around closed arc extinguishing chambers in the housing, in each of which a tear-off section of the conductor is arranged sealed as required.

If the conductor is separated or torn off as part of the tear-off movement at the intended tear-off point, the torn-off part of the conductor (tear-off part) is preferably only moved so far out of the arc extinguishing chamber that there is always an end section of the tear-off part (with intact conductor cross-section) on the break-off side the arc chamber remains. I.e. the two respective ends of the conductor separated at the intended tear-off points are preferably as far apart as possible in a disconnected position, but the two break-off end sections of the tear-off part of the conductor are still located within the seal of the arc extinguishing chamber, so that the through opening continues with the remaining U-shaped tear-off part of the conductor remains clogged (sealed). The movement of the tear-off part of the conductor after it has been torn off by means of the disconnect actuator is also referred to as "disengagement" in the following.

The securing device can preferably comprise a non-conductive separating element. This is designed to connect the part of the conductor that is to be torn off with the isolating actuator, so that at least the tear-off part of the conductor is moved when the isolating actuator is triggered. The separating element is a type of adapter, such as a pressure plate, between the separating actuator and the conductor, which creates a non-conductive connection between the two components and at the same time isolates the separating actuator from the conductor. The pressure plate can preferably be arranged centrally parallel to the longitudinal side of the conductor cross-section between the isolating actuator and the conductor. As a result, it can push away the tear-off part of the conductor by the action of the isolating actuator without the isolating actuator touching the conductor directly.

A sufficiently large cavity, the already mentioned release space, is preferably located in the housing to accommodate the tear-off part of the conductor that moves (when the disconnection actuator is triggered). This cavity is referred to as the release space because it accommodates at least the moving or disengaging tear-off part of the conductor, which runs between the two tear-off sections. It extends, for example, over an area within the housing that adjoins the end face of the housing that is further away from the connection contacts. For example, the release space can be delimited by the outer walls of the housing and only limited on one of its six sides essentially by the two arc extinguishing chambers and the separating actuator (or a separating actuator chamber for accommodating the separating actuator) preferably located in between. In other words, the release space preferably occupies an area within the housing which extends over the full width of the end faces and over a length of the longitudinal sides of the housing that is adapted to the separation distance.

The disengagement space therefore preferably has a “clear dimension” between its opposing boundaries or walls in the direction of the main course of the conductor (in the “disengagement direction” in which the tear-off part of the conductor moves), which is at most so large that In any case, the tear-off part of the conductor cannot be completely disengaged from the arc extinguishing chambers. This "clear dimension" of the release space as well as the dimension of the broad side of the conductor cross-section results in a maximum separation distance between the respective end of the tear-off part and the associated end of the conductor part that remains when torn off (hereinafter referred to as the "invariant" conductor part). At the end of the tear-off movement in the separated position, this separation distance should be at least large enough that a potentially created arc has a minimum length that favors the collapse of the arc.

The housing is particularly preferably designed in such a way that at least the walls of the release space or of the housing, which are ultimately intended to intercept the tear-off part of the conductor, are reinforced. These walls can have a reinforcement or stiffening, for example in the form of ribs and / or a double wall thickness.

The extinguishing material is expediently designed to extinguish or collapse an arc particularly quickly, so that the electrical connection is interrupted as quickly as possible. It is preferably a material which has particularly good pouring or flow properties. This means that it can not only be filled into the arc extinguishing chambers easily and without problems, but also flows particularly quickly into the free space that is formed during the tear-off movement by the tear-off part of the conductor, which at least partially moves out of the arc-extinguishing chamber. Quartz sand is preferably used as the extinguishing material. For the sake of simplicity, the quartz sand can also only be referred to as sand below.

A resulting arc can in particular lead to (possibly also only partial) melting of the quartz sand, as a result of which maintenance energy is withdrawn from the arc. At the same time, an insulating glass plug made of molten quartz sand can also form, which can interrupt the arc.

In the event that the passive flow movement of the extinguishing material into the free space that is being formed does not take place quickly enough or the extinguishing material should be prevented from simply flowing, the conductor can be provided with additional devices (as described later) so that the free space can be actively buried can be reached with quartz sand between the intended break-off-side end sections of the conductor separated at a predetermined tear-off point. This active burial can increase the likelihood that there will be enough quartz sand quickly enough in the resulting free space, which then has an insulating effect at the appropriate point between the separated conductor ends, for example fusing to form an insulating glass plug.

So even if an arc may occur, it is preferable to ensure that it can be actively forced or directed into the sand. For this purpose, the safety device can preferably be designed in such a way that an arc that occurs in a tear-off section when the conductor is torn off inevitably runs essentially into the extinguishing material.

In a preferred variant of the securing device, the conductor can have recesses, particularly preferably grooves, which extend longitudinally in its direction at least in the area of one of the tear-off sections. The depressions result in or cause an increase in the surface area of the conductor cross-section, so that ultimately more extinguishing material is available in the area of the intended tear-off points directly on the conductor than with a smooth conductor without depressions. The depressions can preferably be designed in the form of a meandering cross section of the conductor (transverse to its direction of extension). Thus, a possibly occurring arc will inevitably run through the extinguishing material, since this, of course, accordingly surrounds or wets the surface of the conductor provided with the depressions or grooves. This will be explained in more detail later on the basis of an exemplary embodiment.

Additionally or alternatively, the safety device can preferably comprise at least one magnet arrangement in order to deflect an arc into the extinguishing material. This magnet arrangement, thus for example at least one “blow magnet”, can be arranged in such a way that a potentially arising arc is deflected or pushed away by the Lorentz force of a magnetic field generated by the blow magnet. A blow magnet used in this way is usually so called because its magnetic field "blows away" the particles in the arc, mostly electrons, so to speak. As a result, the path of the arc is in any case lengthened and at the same time it can preferably be forced into the extinguishing material located to the side of the end sections of the conductor on the breakable side. Due to the longer path of the arc, its surface also increases. It therefore cools down more quickly and the air it ionizes loses its conductivity more quickly. If an arc is formed, the magnet arrangement accordingly ensures that the extinguishing material in the arc extinguishing chamber is less strongly melted together.

Such a blow magnet can be, for example, an ordinary bar magnet, typically made of neodymium, which generates at least one magnetic field of 50-100 mT. At least one magnet is preferably used, and a plurality of magnets and / or a horseshoe-shaped iron yoke are particularly preferably used. They are arranged between the two legs of the iron yoke in the area of its open side. In the gap that is created between the two magnets, a nearly homogeneous magnetic field can be generated. The (as homogeneous as possible) magnetic field is particularly preferably generated by an electromagnet, since its magnetic field does not weaken over time. if it Should be desired, a separate magnet can be arranged for each of the arc extinguishing chambers.

In order to be able to retrofit this embodiment as easily as possible, the magnet arrangement can also be arranged on the outside of the housing, so that the magnetic field acts in the housing, but the components of the magnet arrangement are protected from the processes taking place inside the housing. An arrangement of the magnet arrangement on the securing device on the outside of the housing simplifies both a new installation during manufacture and an exchange of a defective magnet. In addition, almost every possibly existing magnet that can be used appropriately can be used functionally or, for example, a magnet can be reused after an installed safety device has been replaced. If there is already a magnetic field that achieves the effect of the magnet arrangement anyway, a magnet arrangement can logically be obsolete or saved.

The securing device can preferably also comprise an extinguishing material moving device (or simply called “sand moving device”). This can serve to bring or transport sand during the disengagement or tear-off movement into the free space that results from the disengagement of the tear-off part of the conductor from the arc-extinguishing chambers after the tear-off. It also ensures that any arc that may arise will forcibly run through the sand.

In a first possible variant of the sand moving device, this can be achieved in that the sand moving device is preferably designed in the manner of a “shovel”. The shovel is preferably attached to the breakaway part of the ladder and can - according to the principle of a "plow" - be arranged in the area of the target tear-off point in such a way that there is a particularly large amount of sand in front of its "blade surface". Consequently, during the tear-off movement, the sand in front of the shovel can be actively pushed or pulled into the free space. In order to make the production as efficient as possible, such a shovel could for example consist of the same material as the ladder and be additionally formed on the ladder directly during the production or provision of the ladder.

A second possible variant of the sand moving device can comprise a sand moving device with a simple belt. In a relaxed state, the tape is attached to the conductor before and after the predetermined tear-off point within the arc extinguishing chamber. I.e. In a loose initial state, it is arranged in the initial position at least at the level of the desired tear-off point in a semicircle at a distance from the conductor. In any case, there is sand within the semicircular band between the band and the conductor in the area of the intended tear-off point.

As a result of the tear-off movement, the tape is tensioned between the tear-off part and the invariant conductor part when the tear-off part of the conductor is disengaged. As a result, sand can be actively thrown or introduced into the intended tear-off point. When the tear-off movement of the conductor has taken place, the band, in a tensioned state, runs essentially parallel to the conductor without creating an electrical connection between the two separate end sections of the conductor on the breakable side. The tape can be, for example, a heat-resistant “insulating tape” which in any case has a suitable tensile strength. However, a heat-resistant, non-conductive tape could preferably be used.

For the most efficient, maximum possible introduction of sand into the free space that is formed at the intended tear-off point, the tape could also be designed in the form of a hose around the conductor along the course of the conductor. This can be opened at least on one side, but otherwise all around in the manner and shape of a hose and also at least on two sides, essentially parallel to the two longitudinal sides of the arc extinguishing chamber. It could z. B. can be used at least one side open hose that can be filled with sand.

Combinations of such sand moving devices are also possible.

The securing device can also preferably comprise a step-shaped or running ladder section in order to also ensure that additional shear forces are generated. If necessary, the course of the conductor can only have a step at a predetermined tear-off point. I.e. the course of the conductor is designed at least at the intended tear-off point (when looking at the conductor course from above) in the manner of a “Heaviside” function, in order to deflect an arc into the sand or at least to specify its direction of extension. In this case, the intended tear-off point can connect the two “tread surfaces” or “steps” of the conductor, which run or are aligned in its main direction of extension, for example at an angle, preferably vertically.

Thanks to the two intended tear-off points in the tear-off sections, a quick and safe process is achieved Interruption of the conductor reached. In order to additionally increase safety, the conductor of the safety device can preferably also have a “target separation point” in its course, which is preferably arranged between the tear-off sections in a further “separation section” of the conductor.

This additional desired separation point is particularly preferably located, i. H. the separating section, between the two tear-off sections of the conductor which are arranged essentially parallel to one another and geometrically next to one another. This separating section is consequently arranged essentially perpendicular to the tear-off sections, since it connects them electrically in series. If the separating section is aligned or runs exactly perpendicular to the two tear-off sections, a final severing of the conductor can be achieved particularly easily by simply punching through the conductor one more time at the intended separation point during the tear-off movement.

The separation in the separating section is preferably carried out offset in time or delayed after the tearing off in the tear-off sections. The conductor should particularly preferably only be cut through at the nominal separation point when the tear-off part of the conductor has at least a minimum distance from the invariant conductor part, so that no further arcs are formed at the nominal separation point, since the total voltage applied is already sufficiently reduced has been.

The conductor can be punched through at the intended separation point, for example, by means of a blade, a sharp cutting edge or a sharp wedge and, if necessary, a corresponding counterpart. For this purpose, the safety device preferably comprises a separating device which interacts with the separating actuator.

The separating device particularly preferably has a non-conductive, wedge-shaped element which is designed to cut through the conductor at the intended separation point in the event of a relative movement. It can, for example, be attached to an inside of the end-face outer wall of the release space inside the housing. For example, the separating device comprises at least two interacting elements which, in the event of a relative movement of one of the two or both elements to one another, effect a separation as part of the tear-off movement. For this purpose, the two elements are designed in such a way that, when they strike or collide with one another, they together create a, preferably permanent, interruption in the conductor. Both elements can have a cutting edge or one of the two can be designed with a cutting edge and the other with a surface for cutting. I.e. When it hits, the conductor running in between is cut through, so to speak.

As already mentioned at the beginning, the safety device preferably comprises a separately encapsulated, pyrotechnic isolating actuator. If desired, this can also be purchased as a separate, independent purchased part independently of the safety device. It is also advantageous to use already existing, in particular standardized, pyrotechnic actuators that otherwise serve other purposes, such as, for. B. to trigger safety devices, belt tensioners, hood stands or the like.

A preferred isolating actuator has a cylindrical sleeve with a bolt with a piston section located therein, a propellant charge and an ignition device or ignition unit which is closed by means of a closure piece. The sleeve is preferably a component made from steel. The bolt is made of aluminum, for example. A pyrotechnic propellant consists of a set of chemical substances in solid, liquid or gaseous form which, as an energy carrier, strives for a large volume when activated and is thus able to move or deform an object.

In principle, other isolating actuators or actuators without separate encapsulation are also possible. I.e. the cylinder can for example also be partially implemented as part of the housing of the safety device, i. H. be integrated in the housing.

The isolating actuator and the above-mentioned pressure plate, which presses against the tear-off part of the conductor to be torn off in the event of a trip, can be connected or coupled to one another in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, they preferably have corresponding coupling elements. These can be designed, for example, in the form of a front-side cylindrical (core) bore in the bolt of the separating actuator and a corresponding pin on the back of the pressure plate. As a result, there is a form fit between the bolt and the pressure plate in the manner of a pin-blind hole connection (coupling). Alternatively, the bolt of the separating actuator could also form a part with the pressure plate, i. H. the bolt and the pressure plate are made in one piece.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht (bei geöffnetem Gehäusedeckel) eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines elektrischen Leiters der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Gehäusegrundkörpers der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Gehäusedeckels der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Druckplatte der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 6 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Dichtung der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 7 einen Längsschnitt auf einen Trennaktor (in einer Ausgangsstellung) der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 8 eine Draufsicht auf den Trennaktor (in einer Trennstellung nach dem Auslösen) der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 9 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1 in einer Trennstellung des elektrischen Leiters mit ausgerücktem Abreißteil,
• 10 eine andere perspektivische Ansicht des elektrischen Leiters nach 9 mit ausgerücktem Abreißteil des Leiters mit einem schematischen Lichtbogen umgeben von einem Löschmaterial,
• 11 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1 mit einem geschlossenen Gehäuse,
• 12 eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 13 einen Hochkant-Schnitt durch den elektrischen Leiter nach 12 entlang der Schnittlinie A-A,
• 14 eine schematische Darstellung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 15 eine schematische Darstellung eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 16 eine schematische Darstellung eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 17 eine schematische Darstellung eines sechsten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 18 eine schematische Darstellung eines siebten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 19 beispielhaft ein schematisches Schaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung 1 in Reihe geschaltet in einem elektrischen Stromkreis.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures on the basis of exemplary embodiments. The same components are provided with identical reference numbers in the various figures. The figures are usually not to scale. Show it:

• 1 a perspective view (with the housing cover open) of a first embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 2 a perspective view of an electrical conductor of the fuse device according to 1 ,
• 3 a perspective view of a housing base body of the fuse device according to 1 ,
• 4th a perspective view of a housing cover of the safety device according to 1 ,
• 5 a perspective view of a pressure plate of the safety device according to 1 ,
• 6th a perspective view of a seal of the securing device according to 1 ,
• 7th a longitudinal section of a separating actuator (in an initial position) of the safety device 1 ,
• 8th a top view of the disconnect actuator (in a disconnected position after triggering) of the safety device according to 1 ,
• 9 a perspective view of the safety device according to 1 in a disconnected position of the electrical conductor with the tear-off part disengaged,
• 10 another perspective view of the electrical conductor according to FIG 9 with disengaged tear-off part of the conductor with a schematic arc surrounded by an extinguishing material,
• 11 a perspective view of the safety device according to 1 with a closed housing,
• 12th a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 13 an upright cut through the electrical conductor 12th along the cutting line AA ,
• 14th a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 15th a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 16 a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in a starting position,
• 17th a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in a starting position,
• 18th a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in a starting position,
• 19th an example of a schematic circuit diagram of a safety device according to the invention 1 connected in series in an electrical circuit.

Based on 1 to 11 will now first be a first preferred embodiment of the safety device according to the invention 1 described, the securing device 1 to interrupt an electrical connection V is formed and with a first and second connection contact 101 in operation, as shown in 19th is shown connected in series in an existing electrical circuit.

As especially from the perspective view in 1 shows belong next to the electrical conductor 100 the main components of this safety device 1 a housing 11 with two arc-extinguishing chambers sealed against an environment 30th , which with an extinguishing material 34 be filled, and a separation actuator 60 (preferably a separately encapsulated, pyrotechnic isolating actuator). Other important areas within the housing 11 , in which all other components are assembled, are, among other things, two antechambers 25a , 25b , one lengthways between the two arc extinguishing chambers 30th located separation actuator chamber 23 in which the isolating actuator 60 is arranged, as well as an adjoining release space at the end 35 .

Some essential components according to the design 1 are in the 2 , 3 , 5 , 6th and 7th shown individually.

The electrical conductor 100 is according to the in 2 State shown formed with a flat cross section, ie a cross section through the flat conductor 100 perpendicular to its direction VR has a shorter and a longer cross-sectional side. The direction of the course VR is given here arbitrarily clockwise, but it could also run the other way round.

The head 100 is bent here in several places over its longer cross-sectional side, so that it repeatedly changes its direction VR changes. The bend is done so that the conductor 100 in one through the multiple changing direction of the course VR spanned "gradient plane" VE is formed or formed substantially U-shaped.

As "main course direction" HVR of the head 100 the following is the direction of the course VR of the two "legs" of the "U" in the course plane VE Are defined.

The essentially U-shaped bent conductor 100 has at the free ends of the U-legs (also called "legs" for short) once more angled foot sections pointing outwards from the "U", so that including these foot sections in the course plane VE a square, right-angled "Ω" results. As will be explained later, these foot sections serve as connection contacts 101 .

A ladder shaped like this 100 thus has two longitudinal sides arranged geometrically next to one another in the form of the two legs, a "closed" end face that connects the two legs S. (which through the "crossbar" 100d "is formed) and one of the closed end faces S. opposite further "open" face S ' (the "U-opening") with outwardly angled foot sections at the free ends of the U-legs.

The two parallel legs, the following mainly simply as tear-off sections 104a , 104b are each at a point near the bend to the foot sections (or connection contacts 101 ) in the form of a predetermined tear-off point 102 , here specifically a perforation line 102 weakened. The perforation line 102 extends here perpendicular to the course direction VR of the head 100 over its entire longer cross-sectional side between the two edges of the shorter cross-sectional side. The perforation line 102 starts or ends at the edge of the conductor 100 each with an open hole, e.g. B. with about half a hole.

Immediately before or immediately after the two parallel predetermined tear-off points 102 in the course of the conductor 100 there are diamond-shaped openings each with a point pointing upwards 103 in the head 100 in turn closer to one end of the perforation line 102 are arranged. (You are here in the in 2 The example shown is closer to the upper end, but could just as easily be closer to the other, lower end of the perforation line 102 be arranged.) Their maximum extension is in this case less than half of the longer cross-sectional side of the conductor 100 . The function of the intended tear-off points 102 as well as the diamond-shaped openings 103 is explained in more detail below.

On the closed front S. or the crossbar 100d runs the ladder 100 between the two parallel legs in a straight line perpendicular to its main direction HVR . To this end, it is at right angles to the main course direction HVR correspondingly narrow, i.e. almost angular, bent and / or shaped. Centered between the two bends and centered in relation to the longer cross-sectional side of the conductor 100 is here in the course of the head 100 a guide hole 106 incorporated or stamped.

The two outward angled foot sections of the ladder 100 serve as connection contacts as mentioned 101 . They each have a "hole" or a circular central opening in the flat side of the conductor 100 Mistake. With these holes, they can be integrated and secured in series in an electrical circuit for operation by means of appropriate clamping shoes, for example crimp cable clamping shoes, or by screws.

The different sections of the ladder 100 can also consist of several individual parts, which in any case, at least in a fully assembled state, form a continuous or continuously connected electrical conductor 100 form.

The head 100 includes two through the intended tear-off points 102 connected parts 100s , 100d that is in the context of a tear-off movement FROM (please refer 9 ) share from each other. A part 100s is, as will be explained later, essentially immobile in the housing 11 stored (see for example the one explained later 9 ) and is therefore also referred to in the following as the "invariant ladder part" 100s referred to as it is in the context of the tear-off movement FROM behaves statically. It encompasses the two sections of the ladder 100 , which are located between the connection contacts 101 and the intended tear-off points 102 extend. These invariant parts of the ladder 100s are in the disconnected position P2 like this in 9 is shown, in the event of triggering after the tearing off, not even indirectly via the remaining conductor part connecting the two parts 100d connected.

That other part of the ladder 100d of the head 100 that is during the tear-off movement FROM moved, is also simply called a "tear-off part" 100d designated. This in turn is divided into two sections: In the already mentioned crossbeam 100d "of the tear-off part 100d between the two legs of the conductor 100 , which is perpendicular to the main course direction HVR runs, and in the two intended breakage-side end sections 100d` of the tear-off part 100d which the two at the breaking point or breaking point 102 torn, moved "ends" correspond. These intended break-side end sections 100d` be right with the torn off, moving parts of the long side legs of the conductor 100 coincide, each parallel to the main course direction HVR of the head 100 on the crossbeam 100d "Connect. The tear-off part 100d of the head 100 namely moves after the release of the separation actuator 60 within an extra for this in the housing 11 provided release space 35 .

As in particular in 9 shown, is the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 therefore after the tear-off movement FROM at a separation distance x to the invariant ladder part 100s in a second position or in a disconnected position P2 . The "entire" separation distance is added up from the two individual separation distances x between each of the target tear-off points 102 separate ladder sections 100s , 100d .

The following is the case 11 described in more detail, which is in a housing body 21st according to 3 and a housing cover 41 according to 4th can be broken down.

The closed state of the housing 11 shows 11 . As can be seen here, it is an essentially cuboid housing 11 .

As in 4th can be seen is the housing body 21st cuboid with a bottom side or base side G , with two long sides L. and two end faces S. , S ' . The housing body 21st is open at the top and can be opened by means of the housing cover 41 closed, with a specially shaped inside of the lid D. (as later with 4th is explained) inwards into the housing body 21st shows.

Relative directional information such as “up”, “down”, “side”, “frontal”, “bottom”, “longitudinal” etc. refer here arbitrarily to the representation in the figures.

The case 11 includes a circumferential outer wall 12th through the outer walls of the housing body 21st and the housing cover 41 is defined. Further details of the surrounding outer wall 12th are explained below.

To simplify the description, the axis that runs centrally through the housing is used 11 parallel to the two long sides L. runs, central axis MA called. The case 11 is namely constructed so that a longitudinal section along the central axis MA parallel to the long sides L. of the housing 11 would result in two symmetrical, elongated halves.

The housing body 21st , as in 3 can be seen particularly well, is accordingly symmetrical in shape and, roughly described, has several separate chambers or areas in its interior, which are here in any case completely closed on the basic side.

The (housing) areas already listed above are arranged as follows: Two antechambers 25a , 25b are on one (the open) face S ' arranged in two rectangular corner areas. In the direction of the other, opposite (the closed) end face S. the two elongated, cuboid-shaped arc extinguishing chambers are connected to these 30th on. These, in turn, are each in the form of a cuboid strip or channel only on the inside along the circumferential outer wall 12th of the housing body 21st arranged. Beyond the arc chambers 30th on the antechamber 25a , 25b remote side closes over the entire width of the front side S. of the housing body 21st the already mentioned “release space” 35. Starting from the release space 35 extends to the open face S ' opposite the release area 35 , in the middle between the arc chambers 30th as well as the antechambers 25a , 25b the separation actuator chamber 23 .

The separation actuator chamber 23 is along the base G on the inside of the housing designed with an upwardly open, semi-circular depression. This recess in the form of a "negative model" of the separation actuator 60 forms one half 28 a separation actuator bearing in which the separation actuator 60 , as in particular in 1 can be seen, is stable and is held in place.

The separating actuator chamber is along its long sides 23 with suitably shaped walls 13a , 13b that they face the arc chambers 30th separate, and other suitably shaped inner walls 14a , 14b they opposite the antechambers 25a , 25b separate, trained. "Shaped to fit" here means that the walls on the inside are up to about half the height - that is, half of the longer cross-sectional side of the conductor 100 out 1 - The aforementioned semi-circular recess in the form of a negative model of the separation actuator 60 form. In addition, “appropriately shaped” means that in each case the upper half of the inner sides of the isolating actuator chamber 23 - in the form of the walls 13a , 13b as well as the inner walls 14a , 14b - run straight up and parallel to the long sides L. of the housing 11 are trained. This achieves, as will be explained later, that a corresponding “negative model” of the isolating actuator 60 , ie the other half 48 of the separation actuator bearing, on the inside of the cover D. Can be fitted when the housing 11 by means of the housing cover 41 is closed.

The separation actuator chamber is on both of its front sides 23 openly trained. I.e. in the area between the two antechambers 25a , 25b there is a semicircular opening that is open at the top 29 in the surrounding outer wall 12th of the housing body 21st , which, as will be explained later, by a locking piece 65 of the separation actuator 60 is filled out. On the other end in an area between the two elongated arc extinguishing chambers 30th it is open to the release area 35 .

The release space 35 is otherwise, ie on the other sides where the separation actuator chamber is not 23 adjacent, all around by the surrounding outer wall 12th of the housing 11 enclosed. As in particular in 1 and 11 can be seen in the area of the release space 35 outside on the front side S. as well as the two corresponding sections of the long sides L. with parallel to the base side G extending outer wall ribs 36 educated. These ribs serve to stabilize or strengthen the surrounding outer wall 12th and are therefore particularly on the frontal outer wall 12th in the direction of action of the isolating actuator 60 , as in 19th schematically with a large arrow - the direction of action or the isolating actuator 60 representing - shown, arranged. The direction of action of the isolating actuator 60 here also corresponds to the main course direction HVR of the head 100 .

The release space 35 is through two (relatively short) passage walls 15b , 15c each opposite the arc extinguishing chambers 30th severed. The passage walls 15b , 15c are in an edge area on or near the surrounding outer wall 12th each with in shape and size to the conductor 100 adapted slots 33b , 33c formed in the assembled state of the ladder 100 , as in 1 can be seen is inserted. The passage walls 15b , 15c run along a plane perpendicular to the central axis MA parallel to the closed face S. of the housing body 21st and each extend between the circumferential outer wall 12th and the front opening between the release space 35 and separation actuator chamber 23 .

The basic side G of the release space 35 is with inside, slightly raised, regularly arranged side by side guide bars 37 designed, each parallel to the central axis MA run away. They are used to guide a pressure plate 112 (which as explained later the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 holds) so that the pressure plate 112 during the tear-off movement FROM (please refer 9 ) less contact area to the base G possesses and thus less frictional resistance or sliding friction between the housing 11 and pressure plate 112 consists.

The two already mentioned, along the central axis MA to reflecting, symmetrical antechambers 25a , 25b each form a cuboid sub-area of the basic housing body 21st . They are each through the base G and four side walls of the housing body 21st as well as the inside of the lid D. of the housing cover 41 surround. As explained, they are in the two release areas 35 opposite corner areas of the safety device 1 arranged.

The antechambers 25a , 25b point in the surrounding outer wall 12th of the housing body 21st outer wall slots each 26a , 26b through the connection contacts mentioned above in the assembled state 101 of the head 100 , as will be explained later, out of the housing 11 protrude. The passage walls 15a , 15d the antechambers 25a , 25b to the respective arc chamber 30th are each with slots 33a , 33d formed so that here in the assembled state of the head 100 can go through.

With regard to the separation actuator chamber 23 are the antechambers 25a , 25b by a straight outside of the inner walls 14a , 14b severed. These interior walls 14a , 14b are opposite the walls 13a , 13b between separation actuator chamber 23 and the arc chambers 30th each slightly outwards (from the central axis MA away) offset, creating a step. I.e. the distance between the two inner walls 14a , 14b the antechambers 25a , 25b is slightly larger than the distance between the two walls 13a , 13b the arc chambers 30th .

The antechambers 25a , 25b take in the closed state of the housing 11 the head 100 as well as a stopper 50a , 50b with a curved passage channel for the conductor 100 (Explanation follows below) on the inside of the lid D. of the housing cover 41 is located. Due to the slight offset of the inner walls 14a , 14b towards the outer wall slots 26a , 26b is used for circular indentations 24 in the housing body 21st and for corresponding circular indentations 44 in the cover element 41 Created space which, as in 1 is shown, a circular projection 66 of the separation actuator 60 record, tape.

As already explained above in the context of the other areas or chambers, the two arc extinguishing chambers result accordingly 30th from the walls 13a , 13b the separation actuator chamber 23 , the passage walls 15a , 15b , 15c , 15d as well as two longitudinal parallel sections of the outer walls 12th .

So that the slots 33a , 33b , 33c , 33d in the passage walls 15a , 15b , 15c , 15d sufficient are tightly sealed, are in the frontal passage walls 15a , 15b , 15c , 15d at the entry points E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 each seals 71 arranged. This is explained in more detail below. The arc extinguishing chambers 30th are only achieved by putting on and fixing the housing cover 21st closed at the top in a final assembly step and thus ideally completely sealed.

The four passage walls 15a , 15b , 15c , 15d through which the head 100 the arc chambers 30th enters or leaves, each have wall sections that are like a bung 72 for a positive connection with the respective seal 71 serve.

The bung 72 here comprises in each case a plurality of substantially parallel supporting walls 31a , 31b , 31c , 31d , 32a , 32b , 32c , 32d , namely inside the arc-extinguishing chambers 30th with a 45 ° bevel to the passage wall 15a , 15b , 15c , 15d trained, "inner" retaining walls 31a , 31b , 31c , 31d , "Middle" retaining walls, what springs 32a , 32b , 32c , 32d for the groove 73 the associated seal 71 form, and "outer" retaining walls, whereby the "outer" retaining walls here through the passage walls 15a , 15b , 15c , 15d themselves are formed, which, as mentioned above, roughly correspond to the shape and size of the conductor 100 adapted slots 33a , 33b , 33c , 33d are recessed. This means that the “outer” retaining walls are therefore very close to the ladder 100 .

As in 4th can be seen is the housing cover 41 overall shaped so that it forms a cover-side termination to the housing base body 21st forms. Between it and the housing body 21st are all in the housing 11 installed components are held or included if it is installed in the housing body 21st is fitted.

On the housing body 21st facing inside of the lid D. of the housing cover 41 there is, among other things, a peripheral edge 42 . This is precisely shaped so that it is in connection with the surrounding edge 22nd of the housing body 21st results in a fit that the housing 11 sufficiently tight against the surroundings of the safety device 1 seals.

The areas by the two antechambers 25a , 25b are included, as already mentioned, each with a substantially cuboid, attached to the antechamber 25a , 25b adapted stopper 50a , 50b with curved channel for the conductor 100 educated. This consists of two elements, which between them the course of the right-angled conductor 100 record and at the same time to the head 100 facing sides each form a right-angled curve. The passage channel of the stopper 50a , 50b is in each case according to the external dimensions 107 of the head 100 matched that there is a good fit around the conductor 100 here in the case 11 to fix.

At the sections where the seals 71 on the housing cover 41 are perpendicular to the course of the conductor 100 aligned, elongated bars 45a , 45b , 45c , 45d on the housing cover 41 arranged that fit precisely into a respective groove 73 of the seals 71 in the passage walls 15a , 15b , 15c , 15d of the housing body 21st grab (this groove 73 is z. B. in 6th to see). In the area of the housing cover 41 , which during assembly the release space 35 closes, another is perpendicular to the two webs 45b , 45c running, relatively higher web 46 near the circumferential edge 42 educated. This serves in each case to the head 100 in the context of the tear-off movement on the outside, so that the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 in a straight line in the direction of the end face on the outside of the housing S. is directed or led.

Between these two in the longitudinal direction along the inside of the lid D. in the area of the release space 35 running higher webs 46 there are further lower parallel guide webs at regular intervals 47 as they are on the opposite base side of the release space 35 in the housing body 21st are arranged. They serve the pressure plate 112 with the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 to guide cover side so that there is as little sliding friction as possible.

In summary, the printing plate 112 therefore during the tear-off movement FROM (please refer 9 ) along the long sides L. , the base G and the inside of the lid D. precisely fitting in the direction of the outside face S. of the release space 35 guided.

In an area by the separation actuator chamber 23 of the housing body 21st is recorded - essentially between the webs 45a , 45b , 45c , 45d - there is a cover-side half 48 of the already mentioned separation actuator bearing. The outer long sides of this half 48 of the separation actuator bearing fit exactly on the inside into the straight continuation of the walls 13a , 13b and interior walls 14a , 14b on the housing body 21st one. I.e. the halves 28 , 48 of the isolating actuator bearing sit well on top of each other in the assembled state and thus form a cavity that is open on both end faces, which is formed by the superposed edges of the two components 28 , 48 is exactly sealed. This cavity is designed on the inside so that it is a " Negative model "of the separation actuator 60 just space to accommodate the separation actuator 60 offers. For this purpose it has a semicircular recess 44 at the level of a piston section D1 (Explanation follows below) of the separation actuator 60 on that is with the semicircular indentation 24 in the housing body 21st to a suitable circular recess for the overhang 66 of the separation actuator 60 added. This separation actuator warehouse 28 , 48 ensures that the power of the separation actuator 60 when triggered, on the bolt as intended 61 is transmitted. In addition, the two wells 24 , 44 who have favourited the cantilever 66 of the separation actuator 60 record, prevents the isolation actuator 60 accidentally out of the rear of the housing 11 can shoot out.

The semicircular openings 29 , 49 on the release area 35 distant face S ' complement each other to form a circular opening that, as in 11 can be seen with the housing closed 11 the locking piece 65 of the separation actuator 60 encloses, the closure piece 65 from behind (from outside the housing 11 ) is freely accessible and, for example, via electrical connections, as in 19th is indicated, can be connected to a signal transmitter, the trigger signal in the event of triggering AS to trigger the separation actuator 60 transmitted. For example, the signal transmitter can be connected to a sensor in the vehicle which is coupled to a built-in safety device, a belt tensioner or the like, so that when triggered, for. B. the safety device and the safety device 1 triggers.

The arrangement of the above-mentioned respectively interacting components can optionally also be interchanged, so that for example the antechambers 25a , 25b in the housing cover 41 are arranged and the plug 50a , 50b with curved passage channel in the housing body 21st is placed.

In the 1 shown, in the housing body 21st at the entry points E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 of the head 100 into the arc chambers 30th mounted seals 71 will be in 6th shown in detail.

The seals 71 are each with a through opening 75 educated. This is with a clear measure 78 designed to an external dimension 107 the cross section of the conductor 100 is adapted. This allows the leader 100 relative to poetry 71 can just be moved along its course, but is otherwise in its course direction VR in relation to the surroundings of the arc chamber 30th sealed or tight.

As in 6th Also shown are those related to the shape and size of the conductor 100 adapted seals 71 along their outer edges with at least two surrounding springs 74 and a groove in between 73 educated.

When the seal 71 For example, it is made in one piece, it is by pushing or pulling on the ladder accordingly 100 positioned so that a seal is in each case in the assembled position 71 at the entry points E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 the arc chambers 30th is located. The middle springs mentioned above then engage 32a , 32b , 32c , 32d the respective passage wall 15a , 15b , 15c , 15d , as in 1 is shown, appropriately in the manner of a bung 72 , (possibly a tongue and groove connection) each precisely fitting into the groove 73 the respective seal 71 .

If it should be desired that the seal 71 consists of two or more parts, since it is, for example, more advantageous in terms of production or assembly, it is preferably applied from above and below or from the side at the entry points E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 the arc chamber 30th on the head 100 put together before the head 100 As will be explained later, in a process step of assembly or manufacture from above into the housing base body 21st is used.

Alternatively, the head could 100 z. B. also in an injection molding process with a thermoplastic polymer to form a seal 71 in the right places E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 be encapsulated or it could be a seal in a 2K injection molding process 71 In-situ on the housing 11 be injected.

As in particular in 1 can be seen is between the isolating actuator 60 and the transom 100d "of the tear-off part 100d the already mentioned printing plate 112 arranged. The pressure plate 112 as in 5 is shown in detail, is essentially plate-shaped and to the dimensions of the cross section of the conductor 100 customized. As the term “pressure plate” implies, the pressure plate serves 112 in addition, a part, in this case the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 to push away. So that the pressure plate 112 through the isolating actuator 60 pressure exerted on them as intended on the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 can transmit, comprise the two end faces of the pressure plate 112 that the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 or the isolating actuator 60 are assigned, in each case suitable connecting elements 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 .

On the isolating actuator 60 associated face of the pressure plate 112 is a cylindrical pin for this purpose 114 centrally arranged. This serves together with a ring-shaped or collar-shaped, at a small distance around the pin 114 outstanding coupling element 113 as a connecting element between the pressure plate 112 and one bolt 61 of the separation actuator 60 . In the case of a one-piece component made from a pressure plate 112 and bolts 61 could of course on the pen 114 as well as the coupling element 113 be waived.

On the ladder 100 facing face of the pressure plate 112 this has a kind of “countersunk strip” 116, with two edges (in 5 above and below) each have a strip-shaped projection 117 remains. In the contraction strip 116 becomes the leader 100 parallel to the course direction VR edged or guided on the base side and on the cover side on the two shorter cross-sectional sides. In the middle of this sunken strip 116 there is a "nose" 115 extending from the face of the pressure plate 112 out in the opposite direction of the pen 114 , i.e. in the direction of the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 protrudes. The nose 115 reaches into the guide hole from the inside 106 , which, as described above, is centered between the two longitudinal legs of the conductor 100 in the connecting, closed face S. , so in the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 is incorporated.

The contraction strip 116 and the nose 115 form further connecting elements, which in turn ensure the intended force transmission of the pressure to the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 to guarantee.

The pyrotechnic isolating actuator already mentioned several times 60 who is in 1 in the starting position P1 the safety device 1 and in 9 in a tripped state in the disconnected position P2 the safety device 1 is shown, is initially based on a longitudinal section through its longitudinal extent in the starting position P1 like this in 7th is shown in more detail.

The separation actuator 60 shows here as the “housing” an elongated, hollow, cylindrical sleeve 64 with two open end faces and a total of two different inside diameters. The sleeve is on one end face (hereinafter referred to as the “rear end face”) 64 with a locking piece 65 locked. In front of it, in the direction of the other, “front” face (hereinafter also referred to as “muzzle area”), there is an ignition device 62 and before that again (optional) a propellant 63 ' in a propellant chamber 63 is located. There is a bolt in front of it 61 , which when the propellant is triggered 63` from the front, open end of the sleeve 64 is to be shot out explosively with a front section (see the position of the bolt 61 in an in 8th shown disconnected position P2 ) to the head 100 to be torn off as described above (see the corresponding position of the conductor 100 in the 9 and 10 ). Depending on the type of ignition device selected 62 can do this without an additional propellant 63` enough to get the bolt 61 shoot out, z. B. if this itself contains an integrated propellant.

To this end, the bolt 61 at its rear, to the propellant 63` facing end a piston portion D1 on, its outer diameter k exactly to an inside diameter H the sleeve 64 is adjusted so that the effect of the propellant charge 63 ' best possible on the bolt 61 is transferred when the propellant 63` is ignited.

In the further course, starting from the piston section D1 to the mouth of the sleeve 64 indicates, the bolt 61 three more sections D2 , D3 , D4 with partly different outside diameters e , r , e on. To the piston section D1 with the outside diameter k a piston-side sealing section closes D2 with a first outside diameter e , then a middle section D3 with one opposite the first outer diameter e reduced, second outer diameter r and finally a sealing section on the mouth side D4 , again with the first outside diameter e on. The first outside diameter e of the piston-side sealing section D2 and the mouth-side sealing section D4 is on a reduced inner diameter m , also called the mouth diameter, of the sleeve 64 adjusted in the mouth area.

This ensures that the mouth of the sleeve 64 in the starting position P1 (please refer 7th ) through the sealing section on the mouth side D4 and in the disconnected position P2 (please refer 8th ) through the piston-side sealing section D2 is sealed as tightly as possible. Due to the reduced outer diameter r in the middle section D3 it is nevertheless ensured that during the imposition of the bolt 61 the friction between bolts 61 and mouth does not matter.

The narrowed mouth in relation to the outside diameter k of the piston section D1 of the bolt 61 makes sure the bolt 61 in proper condition, in no case entirely through the mouth of the sleeve 64 can be shot. The outside diameter k of the bolt 61 Incidentally, does not fall abruptly or abruptly on the outer diameter e but runs conically to the smaller outer diameter e of the bolt 61 to, corresponding to the "transition" from the inside diameter H to the mouth diameter m the sleeve 64 like this in 7th and 8th can be seen. This will make the bolt 61 when reaching the disconnected position P2 braked or dampened.

At the front end of the bolt 61 is a hole on the face 67 or a blind hole incorporated in the middle. At this blind hole 67 is the pen already described above 114 of the separating element or the printing plate 112 adapted to the pressure plate 112 with the bolt 61 easy to pair.

9 shows, as already mentioned, the ideal state of a tripped safety device 1 in the disconnected position P2 . Here you can see particularly well how the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 , as already mentioned above, after the tear-off movement FROM at a separation distance x to the invariant ladder part 100s , in a release room 35 is arranged. Among other things, there is consequently also between the two end sections on the intended breakage side 100d` and the respective “stubs” of the invariant ladder part 100s in the arc chambers 30th Extinguishing material 34 , which is used to extinguish an arc, not shown here LB contributes. How even better in 10 can be seen who is the head 100 this without the surrounding housing 11 represents, the two are at the intended tear-off point 102 torn off intended end sections on the fracture side 100d` of the moving tear-off part 100d even after the tear-off movement FROM still within the areas of the actual arc extinguishing chambers indicated here by dashed lines 30th and are therefore of extinguishing material 34 surround.

• Zunächst wird in das Führungsloch 106 des Leiters 100 innenseitig die Druckplatte 112 mit ihrer Nase 115 eingesetzt. Im Falle eines einstückigen Bauteils aus Druckplatte 112 und Bolzen 61 entfällt dieser Montageschritt, wobei anstatt dessen der Trennaktor 60 mit Bolzen 61 und Druckplatte 112 eingesetzt werden würde. Daraufhin wird der elektrische Leiter 100 an den zuvor beschriebenen Stellen mit Dichtungen 71 versehen. Hinten auf die Druckplatte 112 wird innenseitig zwischen den beiden Schenkeln des Leiters 100 ferner der fertige Trennaktor 60 montiert bzw. aufgesteckt. Die derart verbundenen Komponenten werden schließlich von oben (senkrecht zur Verlaufsebene VE) passgenau in den Gehäusegrundkörper 21 des Gehäuses 11 eingesetzt. Die Sicherungsvorrichtung 1 weist dann den in 1 dargestellten Zustand in der Ausgangsstellung P1 auf. Folglich werden die beiden sich daraus ergebenden Lichtbogenlöschkammern 30, welche bis auf die beiden Abreiß-Abschnitte 104a, 104b des Leiters 100 selbst leer waren, mit dem Löschmaterial 34 vollständig bis auf die Höhe - welche normal zur Verlaufsebene VE orientiert ist - der umlaufenden Randkante 22 aufgefüllt.

An assembly of the individual components described in the housing body 21st to the in 1 illustrated structure can, for. B. be carried out as follows:

• First is in the guide hole 106 of the head 100 inside the pressure plate 112 with her nose 115 used. In the case of a one-piece component made from a pressure plate 112 and bolts 61 this assembly step is omitted, with the isolating actuator instead 60 with bolts 61 and pressure plate 112 would be used. It then becomes the electrical conductor 100 at the locations described above with seals 71 Mistake. On the back of the pressure plate 112 is on the inside between the two legs of the conductor 100 also the finished isolating actuator 60 mounted or attached. The components connected in this way are finally from above (perpendicular to the course plane VE ) fits precisely into the housing body 21st of the housing 11 used. The safety device 1 then assigns the in 1 shown state in the starting position P1 on. Consequently, the two resulting arcing chambers become 30th which except for the two tear-off sections 104a , 104b of the head 100 themselves were empty with the extinguishing material 34 completely up to the height - which is normal to the gradient plane VE is oriented - the circumferential edge 22nd filled up.

The separation actuator 60 is here preferably a purchased part, which is also used in other facilities such. B. can be used to trigger safety devices, belt tensioners, hood stands or the like.

As in 11 is shown, can in the fully assembled state of all components in the housing body 21st the safety device 1 the housing body 21st finally with the housing cover 41 be locked. Then the safety device is 1 ready to be installed, for example, in an electrically powered vehicle.

Based on 12th to 18th further preferred exemplary embodiments will now be described below, the securing device 1 is shown in each case in a schematically illustrated plan view in the starting position, that is to say during regular operation or intact connection. All figures are only very simple schematic drawings, in which in particular the isolating actuator 60 is shown only schematically as an arrow, the arrow at the same time indicating the disengagement direction or the direction of action of the separating actuator 60 or the direction of the tear-off movement FROM and thus also the main course direction HVR of the head 100 indicates. The case too 11 with the arc chambers 30th is, as is the head 100 itself, each only shown roughly schematically. The intended tear-off point 102 is only marked by a single line. In reality, these exemplary embodiments (apart from the modifications specifically described in each case) could be constructed in a similar manner or in part with identical components as that based on FIG 1 to 11 embodiment described in more detail.

That in the 12th and 13 Shown embodiment of the safety device according to the invention 1 has an electrical conductor 100 which differs from the "simple" conductor by a conductor cross-section that is at least partially modified. 12th shows a plan view of the course plane VE of the head 100 and 13 a cross section through the conductor 100 along the in 12th drawn cutting line AA . As in the cross section in 13 can be seen is the modified electrical conductor 100 with longitudinally extending depressions 120 at least in the area of the tear-off sections 104a , 104b educated. For this purpose, the conductor cross-section meanders perpendicular to the main course direction HVR of the head 100 .

Due to this type of formation of the surface, which is enlarged relative to the "simple" conductor, the conductor has 100 So in this structured area there is more contact surface with the extinguishing material 34 . By including the wells in particular 120 with sand 34 are filled, it is ensured that, compared to a smooth cross-section without longitudinally extending depressions, a “simple” conductor also extinguishing material 34 so to speak “within” the conductor 100 is located. Thus, a potential between the intended breakage-side end sections of the tear-off part 100d` and the invariant ladder part 100s at the intended tear-off point 102 resulting arc LB be deleted even better.

This in 14th Shown embodiment of the safety device according to the invention 1 shows (again in plan view) an electrical conductor 100 with one step 140 in the area of the tear-off sections 104a , 104b . Inside the arc chambers 30th before and after this stage 140 run both the tear-off part 100d as well as the invariant ladder part 100s of the head 100 each parallel to the long sides L. of the housing 11 . In the area of the step 140 at the intended tear-off point 102 runs the ladder 100 essentially perpendicular to the main course direction HVR . The intended tear-off point 102 lies directly in this area in the stage 140 . The tear-off part 100d therefore runs opposite the invariant ladder part 100s linear inwards, to the central axis MA offset or shifted parallel to the long sides L. of the housing 11 . Because the head 100 with step 140 at the intended tear-off point 102 (perpendicular to its direction there VR ) in the main course direction HVR is separated from each other or torn apart and the two ends are then inclined to each other in this construction, an arc would be created, which could potentially be at the target tear-off point during the tear-off movement 102 trains, accordingly obliquely in the extinguishing material 34 distracted or directed.

Another embodiment of the safety device according to the invention 1 as it is in 15th is shown differs with regard to the embodiment according to FIG 1 to 11 only in that there is an additional magnet arrangement 150 having. This is aligned in such a way that it produces a (as homogeneous as possible) magnetic field that is perpendicular to the main direction HVR the tear-off sections 104a , 104b is arranged. The magnets are the magnet assembly 150 for example on the outside of the housing 11 next to the arc chambers 30th arranged. In the figure, however, this is due to the magnet arrangement 150 generated magnetic field is shown only roughly schematically. In reality the magnet arrangement is 150 preferably implemented so that at least in the area of the intended tear-off point 102 the magnetic field is as homogeneous as possible. A suitable magnetic field - e.g. B. in about 50 to 100 mT - could for example be generated by one or more magnets made of neodymium, possibly in conjunction with a horseshoe-shaped iron yoke as described above.

The two other embodiments, as shown in 16 and 17th each include a conductor 100 with extinguishing material moving devices 160 , 170 to delete material 34 to spend in a free space, which is between the conductor ends at the predetermined tear-off point during the tear-off movement 102 forms.

In 16 is a first possible embodiment of a suitable extinguishing material moving device 160 shown in the area of the intended tear-off points 102 each element in the manner of a plow shovel 160 having. The plow blades 160 each extend elongated - essentially over the area of the intended tear-off points 102 - at an angle from one end of the plow shovel near the ladder 160 , which is close to the end of the invariant ladder part on the intended breakage side 100s of the head 100 is arranged away and have another end remote from the ladder, each of which has thin webs 161 on the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 is attached. The plow blades 160 thus form funnel-shaped blade surfaces, ie they move away in the direction of the end remote from the ladder at an angle to the direction of the main course HVR from the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 path.

When tearing off the conductor 100 become the plow blades 160 due to the connection via the webs 161 with the one on the tear-off part 100d moved with it and it is thus through the "shovel surfaces" of the plow blades 160 active extinguishing material 34 introduced into the free spaces between the two conductor ends. This ensures that the extinguishing material is even faster 34 is located in these free spaces, as is already reflected or accumulated in them by passive falling or slipping in. To be absolutely sure that the plow blades 160 no conductive "bridge" or connection between the tear-off part 100d and the invariant ladder part 100s form, they are formed for example from an electrically insulating material.

In 17th is a further possible embodiment of an extinguishing material moving device 170 shown in the area of the intended tear-off points 102 each element in the manner of a band 170 having. This differs only structurally, but not functionally from the plow blades 160 . Each of the tapes 170 is both on the invariant ladder part 100s , as well as on the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 attached so that it will move the tear-away part 100d from the invariant ladder part 100s of the head 100 is automatically tightened or stretched by tearing and extinguishing material 34 in the target tear-off point 102 presses.

So that the tape 170 by tightening enough extinguishing material 34 in the target tear-off point 102 can introduce, it is, for example, semicircular around the predetermined tear-off point 102 arranged, with the filling of the arc extinguishing chambers 30th Care is taken that there is a lot Extinguishing material 34 within the band 170 (ie between band 170 and ladder 100 ) is located. To prevent the tape 170 could tear itself off during the tear-off movement, it is preferably at least somewhat longer than a selected separation distance x .

The tapes too 170 are made of an electrically insulating material so that there is no conductive connection between the tear-off part 100d and the invariant ladder part 100s form.

18th shows a further embodiment of the safety device according to the invention 1 , being here a third separation of the conductor 100 at an additional target separation point 110 can be done. This target separation point 110 is located in the middle of the two tear-off sections 104a , 104b connecting closed end face S. of the head 100 , i.e. in the middle of an area in the crossbeam 100d "of the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 . This face S. between the two legs of the conductor 100 is hereinafter also referred to as the separation section 111 designated.

The head 100 , more precisely its tear-off part 100d , is here after tearing off at the two target tear-off points 102 in the arc chambers 30th by means of a separator 185 in the disconnected position P2 severed again with a delay.

The separator 185 can consist of two elements 185a , 185b be designed that work together and effect a separation according to the principle of a "guillotine". The one element 185a is a wedge-shaped cutting edge 185a coming from the inside of the face S. of the housing 11 in the release space 35 protrudes. To this end, the separating element 112 which is used to tear off the conductor 100 from the isolating actuator 60 the tear-off part 100d of the head 100 against the front S. in the release space 35 moved, a wedge-shaped recess 185b on.

The separator 112 The tear-off part then tears when triggered 100d of the head 100 and moves it with the target separation point 110 on the cutting edge at high speed 185a the separator 185 to so that the head 100 ultimately in the separation position at the target separation point 110 is separated and thereby the cutting edge 185a at the target separation point 110 through the head 100 through and into the wedge-shaped recess 185b of the separator 112 protrudes. Unless the cutting edge 185a made of insulating material, for example ceramic, there is therefore an additional permanently insulated separation of the conductor 100 in front. Due to a sufficient time delay after the break, there is also no risk of an electric arc occurring during this further separation.

With that the cutting of the conductor 100 at the target separation point 110 is facilitated, this has a weakened conductor cross-section 105 on, which for example in the form of a slight cross-sectional constriction 105 and / or is designed in the manner of a predetermined breaking point.

Finally, it is pointed out once again that the devices described in detail above are merely exemplary embodiments which can be modified in various ways by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the tear-off sections of the conductor could be located in an associated arc extinguishing chamber. Furthermore, the arc extinguishing chambers could be designed as chambers that can be used separately and each have their own outer walls. The housing could also be designed in such a way that the two connection contacts protrude on the end face on which the closure piece of the isolating actuator is also located, so that the electrical conductor runs essentially in a U-shape through the housing. Furthermore, the special features of the modified preferred exemplary embodiments described above can also be combined with one another if necessary. In addition, the use of the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility that the relevant characteristics can also be present more than once.

List of reference symbols

1

Safety device

2

Battery storage system / accumulator / battery

3

Electric motor

11

casing

12

circumferential outer wall

13a, 13b

walls

14a, 14b

Interior walls

15a, 15b, 15c, 15d

Passage walls

21st

Housing body

22nd

circumferential edge on the base

23

Isolation actuator chamber

24

deepening

25a, 25b

Antechambers

26a, 26b

Outer wall slots

28

bottom half of the separation actuator bearing

29

semicircular opening on the bottom

30th

Arc chamber

31a, 31b, 31c, 31d

Retaining walls

32a, 32b, 32c, 32d

middle retaining walls / springs

33a, 33b, 33c, 33d

Slots

34

Extinguishing material

35

Release space

36

Exterior wall ribs

37

Guide bars, on the bottom

41

Housing cover

42

circumferential edge on the cover side

44

deepening

45a, 45b, 45c, 45d

Bridges

46

high lateral guide bars

47

Guide bars, cover side

48

half of the separation actuator bearing on the inside of the cover

49

semicircular opening on the lid side

50a, 50b

Stopper with a curved passage channel

60

Isolating actuator

61

Bolt / pin

62

Ignition device

63

Propellant chamber

63 '

Propellant

64

Sleeve

65

Locking piece

66

Cantilever

67

Bore / blind hole

71

poetry

72

Form fit / bung

73

Groove

74

feathers

75

Through opening

78

clear dimension of the seal

100

electrical conductor

100s

invariant part of the ladder

100d

Tear-off part

100d`

intended break-side end sections of the tear-off part

100d "

Crossbar of the tear-off part

101

Connection contacts

102

Target tear point / perforation line

103

Breakthroughs

104a, 104b

Tear-off section

105

Cross-sectional constriction

106

Guide hole

107

External dimensions of the conductor

110

Target separation point

111

Separation section

112

Separation element / pressure plate

113

Coupling element

114

pen

115

nose

116

Countersink strips

117

strip-shaped projection

120

longitudinal recesses of the electrical conductor

140

Level of electrical conductor

150

Magnet arrangement

160, 170

Extinguishing material moving device

160

Plow shovel

170

tape

185

Separator

e

first outside diameter of the bolt

H

Inner diameter of the sleeve

k

Outside diameter of the bolt in the piston section

m

Inner diameter of the sleeve / mouth diameter

r

second outside diameter of the bolt

x

Separation distance

A-A

Cutting line

FROM

Tear-off movement

AS

Trigger signal

D.

Inside cover

D1

Piston section

D2

piston-side sealing section

D3

Middle section

D4

sealing section on the mouth side

E1, E2, E3, E4

Entry points

G

Base side

HVR

Main course direction

L.

Long sides

LB

Electric arc

MA

Central axis

P1

first position / starting position

P2

second position / disconnected position

S.

closed face

S '

open front

V

electrical connection

VE

Gradient layer

VR

Course direction

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2017/032362 A1 [0005]

Claims (15)

Safety device (1) for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with - An electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), wherein the conductor (100) between the first and the second connection contact (101) changes its direction (VR) several times, so that the conductor (100) has at least two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) that are to be interrupted and are arranged geometrically next to one another and are electrically connected in series, - A housing (11) in which at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) to be interrupted are received, - A separating actuator (60) which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor (100) in order to separate the conductor (100) by tearing off at least at the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) when the separating actuator (60) is triggered , the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) each running through an arc extinguishing chamber (30) of the housing (11) which is sealed off from an environment and in which an extinguishing material (74) is located. Safety device (1) after Claim 1 , an arc extinguishing chamber (30) at an entry point (E1, E2, E3, E4) of the conductor (100) each comprising at least one seal (71), the seal (71) having a through opening (75), the clear dimension of which ( 78) is adapted to an external dimension (107) of the conductor (100). Safety device (1) after Claim 1 or 2 , wherein a seal (71), preferably a rubber seal (71), preferably comprises an elastic and / or an electrically insulating material. Safety device (1) after Claim 1 to 3 , wherein an arc extinguishing chamber (30) has two entry points (E1, E2, E3, E4) each with a through wall (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d), each of which is sealed with a seal (71), the seal (71) is connected to the respective through wall (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d) of the housing (11) in the manner of a bung (72). Safety device (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with - An electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), wherein the conductor (100) between the first and the second connection contact (101) changes its direction (VR) several times, so that the conductor (100) has at least two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) that are to be interrupted and are arranged geometrically next to one another and are electrically connected in series, - A housing (11) in which at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) to be interrupted are received, - A separating actuator (60) which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor (100) in order to separate the conductor (100) by tearing off at least at the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) when the separating actuator (60) is triggered , wherein the safety device (1) is designed in such a way that an arc (LB) which occurs when the conductor (100) is torn off in a tear-off section (104a, 104b) inevitably runs essentially into an extinguishing material (34). Securing device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the conductor (100) has recesses (120), preferably grooves (120), which extend longitudinally in its direction (VR) at least in the area of one of the tear-off sections (104a, 104b). Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with a magnet arrangement (150) in order to deflect an arc (LB) into the extinguishing material (74). Securing device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with an extinguishing material moving device (150, 160) in order to bring extinguishing material (74) into a free space which is caused by a displacement of a conductor part (100d) when the conductor (100) is torn off in the tear-off Section (104a, 104b) arises. Securing device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the course of the conductor (100) in the region of the tear-off section (104a, 104b) is stepped at least at a predetermined tear-off point (102) in order to break the arc (LB) into the Divert extinguishing material (34). Safety device (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with - an electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), the conductor (100) between the first and the second connection contact (101) changes its direction (VR) several times so that the conductor (100) has at least two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) to be interrupted, geometrically arranged next to one another and electrically connected in series, - a housing (11) , in which at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) to be interrupted are received, - a disconnecting actuator (60), which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor (100), around the conductor (100) to be separated by tearing off at least at the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) when the separating actuator (60) is triggered, wherein the conductor (100) in its course, preferably between the tear-off sections (104a, 104b), has at least one additional nominal separation point (110) electrically connected in series with the tear-off sections (104a, 104b), and wherein the The securing device (1) preferably has a separating device (185) which cooperates with the separating actuator (60) in order to move the conductor (100) in the tear-off sections (104a, 104b) at the desired separation point (110) with a time offset. to cut through. Safety device (1) after Claim 10 , with a separating device (185) which has at least one non-conductive, preferably wedge-shaped separating element (112), the conductor (100) being cut through at least one part of the separating device (185) during a relative movement at the intended separating point (110) . Safety device (1) after Claim 11 , wherein in the course of the tear-off movement (AB) the separating element (112) causes at least one tear-off part (100d) of the conductor (100) with the intended separation point (110) to move from a first position (P1) towards the separating device (185) until the circuit is interrupted in a second position (P2). Method for producing a safety device (1) having at least the following steps: - Providing or producing an electrical conductor (100) with at least a first and a second connection contact (101), wherein the conductor (100) between the first and the second connection contact (101) changes its direction (VR) several times, so that the conductor (100) has at least two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) to be interrupted, geometrically arranged next to one another, electrically connected in series, - Providing or manufacturing a housing (11) with at least two arc extinguishing chambers (30), - Insertion of the conductor (100) into the housing (11) so that at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) of the conductor (100) to be interrupted are received in the housing (11), the two tear-off sections (104a , 104b) of the conductor (100) each run through an arc extinguishing chamber (30) which is sealed off from the environment, - Providing or producing a separating actuator (60), - Arranging the separating actuator (60) relative to the conductor (100) in such a way as to separate the conductor (100) by tearing off at least the two tear-off sections (104a, 104b) when the separating actuator (60) is triggered, - Filling the two arc extinguishing chambers (30) formed by the housing (11) with an extinguishing material (34). Use of a safety device (1), in particular for interrupting an electrical connection (V) to a battery storage system (2), according to one of the Claims 1 to 13 in an electrically powered vehicle. Vehicle with an electric motor (3) and a safety device (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 13 .

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