DE102019123809A1 - Safety device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a safety device (1, 100, 500, 600, 700) for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with an electrical conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) with at least one first connection contact (33a) and a second connection contact (33b) and at least one first path (40) electrically connecting the first and second connection contacts (33a, 33b) with at least one first desired separation point (42) to be interrupted. The securing device (1, 100, 500, 600, 700) also comprises a disconnection actuator (60) which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) around the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) when the disconnection actuator (60) is triggered, at least at the first target disconnection point (42). Furthermore, the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) has at least one parallel path (50) with at least one second target separation point (52), which parallel path (50) is an area of the first target Separation point (42) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) is electrically bridged, and is designed and arranged in such a way that when the separation actuator (60) is triggered, a time delay after the conductor ( 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) at the first desired separation point (42) in the first path (40), preferably when a minimum separation distance is reached at the first desired separation point (42), the parallel path (50) is severed at the second desired separation point (52). The invention also relates to a method for producing a safety device (1, 100, 500, 600, 700).

Description

The invention relates to a safety device for interrupting an electrical connection, comprising an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact and at least one first path which electrically connects the first and second connection contact and which has at least one first desired separation point to be interrupted. The safety device further comprises a disconnection actuator which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor in order to disconnect the conductor at least at the first desired disconnection point when the disconnection actuator is triggered.

Such safety devices are required, for example, in electric vehicles or in electrical systems in order to ensure that the electrical connection to a power source is unequivocally interrupted in the event of a safety device. When an electrical circuit is interrupted, a so-called arc can form above a certain current strength and / or voltage. If there is a sufficiently high electrical potential difference (voltage) and current density, this occurs through impact ionization at the two conductor ends, which are interrupted or separated from one another. The electric current continues to flow through the gas (e.g. air) between the separated conductor ends. The gas is ionized and becomes electrically conductive due to the ionization of the particles (atoms or molecules). The current density is generally defined as the ratio of the current strength and the cross-sectional area available to the current. An arc (in the field of the invention a negative phenomenon in the sense of an accidental arc) can therefore, for example, maintain an electrical connection in an electrical circuit, although the two conductor ends are actually no longer directly (physically) connected to one another, since the conductor ends are already connected by an im Essentially air-filled gap are separated from each other. The higher the current strength and / or the voltage in an electrical circuit, the more energetic the arc that occurs during separation. Spark quenching (arc quenching) is even more important, especially with direct current, since there is no so-called zero voltage transition, as is the case with alternating current, which can extinguish the arc by itself.

The arc phenomenon becomes particularly problematic when the electrical circuit or the electrical connection, as mentioned at the beginning, has to be forcibly interrupted for health-endangering reasons, for example in the event of an accident to avoid further consequential damage. For example, maintaining the connection between a battery or a rechargeable battery and an electric motor can result in a considerable health risk (including for those involved) due to electric shock in the event of an accident. In order to avoid this, a large number of different security and separation systems are already known.

For example, in the WO 2017/032362 A1 describes a circuit breaker in which the arc is extinguished in an insulating medium. In the case of particularly high currents and / or voltages, however, this is often not sufficient to extinguish the arc quickly and reliably.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved safety device.

This object is achieved by a safety device according to claim 1 and a method for producing the safety device according to claim 13.

As mentioned at the beginning, the fuse device according to the invention has an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact for interrupting an electrical connection, that is to say for example an electrical circuit. The electrical contacts, e.g. B. two end sections of the conductor, by means of which the fuse device is connected in series with the other electrical components of an electrical circuit. For example, in the simplest case, a battery as a power source and an electric motor can already form a closed electrical circuit.

The conductor is electrically connected between the first and the second connection contact by at least one first path. To interrupt the circuit, the first path has at least one first setpoint separation point to be interrupted. The area of the conductor around this first target separation point can, for. B. can also be referred to as a “separating section”, which in the simplest case can only be a section in the course of the relevant conductor at or in which section the conductor is severed or preferably torn off. For example, at least a first desired separation point is incorporated into the separation section, as will be explained later.

Furthermore, like the prior art mentioned at the beginning, the safety device comprises a disconnection actuator, preferably a pyrotechnic disconnection actuator, which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor in order to activate the conductor when the disconnection actuator is triggered, preferably when a trigger signal is received, at least at the first setpoint Separate separation point.

According to the invention, the conductor comprises at least one parallel path with at least one second desired separation point, which electrically bridges the separation section of the conductor. In the light of the invention, the parallel path is to be understood as a “second path connected in parallel”. The parallel path is designed and arranged, in particular relative to the first nominal separation point of the conductor and relative to the separation actuator, that when the separation actuator is triggered, the parallel path on the first path is delayed after the conductor has been separated at the first nominal separation point in the first path second target separation point is severed or torn off. Electrotechnically, the conductor forms an extended parallel connection, for example. In the case of this “time delay”, the parallel path is only separated when the first path is already separated, and consequently there is a distance between the conductor path ends of the first path at the first nominal separation point. The parallel path is particularly preferably separated only when at least a predetermined or desired minimum separation distance has been set between the conductor path ends of the first path separated at the first nominal separation points. With a suitable minimum separation distance, it is advantageously achieved that even a voltage peak which may arise during rapid separation and which, among other things, leads to the creation of an arc, does not allow an arc to arise between the separated conductor path ends. This air gap or the minimum separation distance between the separated conductor path ends should preferably be at least so large that the prevailing voltages cannot bridge this air bridge. So that the minimum separation distance adjusts, z. B. preferably at a suitable point between the first path and the parallel path - as explained below - there is a minimum distance. The minimum separation distance that should be achieved before separation in the parallel path between the separated conductor path ends in the first path is particularly preferably at least 2 mm, very particularly preferably at least 2.5 mm.

I. E. the disconnection actuator is also arranged relative to the conductor in such a way that when the disconnection actuator is triggered, the conductor acts simultaneously in at least one disconnection section with at least one first desired disconnection point, but preferably in two first desired disconnection points of the disconnection section is severed.

With a time delay in relation to the separating section, the conductor is also cut through at least one more time in the parallel path connected in parallel.

By dividing the conductor of the fuse device according to the invention, namely into at least a first path and a parallel path, it can be ensured that the current is divided and, in the event of a fuse, the entire current only runs very briefly over the last parallel path that was separated. This construction opens up various other possibilities for better controlling, preferably reducing, the effect of the arc. Due to the still intact parallel path in the separation of the first path, z. B. preferably on the first path an arc can be avoided. The parallel path can be deliberately designed so that the arc can be extinguished particularly well here. In the case of already known safety devices, these alternative possible solutions usually do not arise at all, are disadvantageous or simply cannot be implemented. These advantageous developments are explained in more detail below.

The safety device is thus advantageously designed in such a way that it is suitable for high direct and alternating currents at high voltages, in particular for high-voltage direct-current disconnections, as occur in modern electric vehicles in the field of electromobility. In particular, it is designed to safely separate electrical connections with voltages of up to 1 kV or even more and / or at the same time high currents of up to 30 kA. The safety device is scalable for higher voltages and currents.

Furthermore, the securing device can preferably have a housing in which at least the first desired separation point of the conductor to be interrupted is accommodated. Particularly preferably, all of the components described below are mounted in the housing, so that the securing device forms a compact structural unit protected by the housing. Such a housing can, for example, be essentially cuboid in shape from two parts, i. H. for example from a housing body and a housing cover. It can, for. B. two base sides (or a base side assigned to the housing body and a cover side assigned to the housing cover), two end sides (e.g. a front and a rear end side) and two long sides (or walls), each arranged opposite one another are. The end faces as well as the long sides can be assigned completely to the housing base body or approximately half (the height, i.e. the distance between the base side and cover side) are assigned to the housing base body and the housing cover.

• Zum einen wird ein elektrischer Leiter mit zumindest einem ersten und einem zweiten Anschlusskontakt und zumindest einem den ersten und zweiten Anschlusskontakt elektrisch verbindenden ersten Pfad bereitgestellt oder hergestellt, wobei der Leiter zumindest eine zu unterbrechende erste Soll-Trennstelle und einen Parallelpfad mit einer zweiten Soll-Trennstelle aufweist, durch welchen Parallelpfad die erste Soll-Trennstelle elektrisch überbrückt wird. D. h. der Leiter wird so gebogen und/oder geformt und/oder aus mehreren Leiterteilen zusammengesetzt, dass er zwei Pfade bzw. Leiterpfade bildet, wobei an einer definierten Stelle (im Trenn-Abschnitt) des ersten Pfads eine erste Soll-Trennstelle und im Parallelpfad zumindest eine zweite Soll-Trennstelle eingebracht wird, und durch die Formung des Verlaufs des Leiters wird gleichzeitig dafür gesorgt, dass diese erste und zweite Soll-Trennstelle - bei entsprechender Anordnung eines Trennaktors wie nachfolgend erwähnt - im Sicherungsfall im Rahmen einer Trennbewegung durch den Trennaktor kurz nacheinander getrennt werden.

A method according to the invention for producing (hereinafter also referred to as “production method”) a fuse device for interrupting an electrical connection comprises at least the following steps:

• On the one hand, an electrical conductor with at least a first and a second connection contact and at least one first path electrically connecting the first and second connection contact is provided or produced, the conductor having at least one first desired separation point to be interrupted and a parallel path with a second desired separation point has, through which parallel path the first target separation point is electrically bridged. I. E. The conductor is bent and / or shaped and / or composed of several conductor parts in such a way that it forms two paths or conductor paths, with a first target separation point at a defined point (in the separation section) of the first path and at least one in the parallel path second target separation point is introduced, and the shaping of the course of the conductor ensures at the same time that these first and second target separation point - with a corresponding arrangement of a separation actuator as mentioned below - separated in the event of a security within the scope of a separation movement by the separation actuator become.

Due to the parallel connection of the first path and parallel path and the delayed separation, after the separation of the first path, the electrical connection between the first and the second connection contact remains via the parallel path, whereby the advantages already mentioned above and explained in more detail later can be achieved.

In addition, as mentioned, a separation actuator is provided or manufactured. This is arranged relative to the conductor in such a way, preferably coupled to the conductor, in order to separate the conductor (upon receipt of a trigger signal in the event of a fuse) when the disconnection actuator is triggered at least at the first desired separation point and to cut it with a time delay at the second desired separation point .

In the production method described, a number of further process steps can also be provided. For example, the above-mentioned housing can be provided or manufactured, in which preferably all of the components described above can be mounted.

For example, the isolating actuator can be mounted in or on the housing and / or used in a “isolating actuator chamber” specially designed for it. The isolating actuator could preferably be in the form of an independent purchased part and be acquired and used in a state ready for assembly. This will be explained later.

Furthermore, the housing can advantageously enclose the conductor in such a way that the conductor runs predominantly within the housing, the connection contacts of the conductor e.g. B. extend or protrude from the housing and can be integrated very easily in series in an electrical circuit.

The sequence of the method steps described above for assembling the individual components of the security device is arbitrary, provided that the individual components were either provided or produced beforehand so that they are available for assembly. Likewise, the components can also be provided at least partially assembled. For example, the conductor can be fully formed in an extrusion process, provided with predetermined separation points, arranged relative to the separation actuator and made available for insertion into the housing.

Further optional advantageous process steps of the manufacturing method described are also explained in more detail below.

The inventive use of a safety device according to the invention in an electrically operated vehicle (electric car or electric vehicle, B (EV) for short) can in particular interrupt an electrical connection between the components of the vehicle that require electricity, in particular the vehicle's electric motor or electric drive for the Drive the vehicle, to a battery storage system or other current / voltage sources. As a result, an unwanted current flow emanating from a battery storage system can be prevented, preferably immediately after an accident. For example, this can prevent a current flow to a battery storage system from continuing, which could possibly cause a spark which could ignite a flammable liquid leaking as a result of the accident, for example.

So that the safety device mentioned at the beginning triggers when it is supposed to trigger, it could be coupled, for example, to a signal transmitter (or sensor) for a safety device installed in the vehicle (e.g. already at another location) so that in the event of tripping it can be coupled to an accident, for example, is triggered at the same time or immediately after the safety device.

A vehicle according to the invention has at least one electric motor for driving the vehicle and a safety device according to the invention. The vehicle can be any electric car, an electric truck, an electric motorcycle, an electric boat, an aircraft (or aircraft) or the like. The safety device is not limited to use in one of the aforementioned electrically operated vehicles, but can can be used in particular for all direct current systems, particularly preferably in general for interrupting an electrical circuit with any battery storage system. Examples of this are a battery or a rechargeable battery. It is preferably also used in a machine or a robot or a battery storage system, which is simply used generally for an energy supply for intermediate storage, such as. B. used as a local storage system for a solar system.

Further, particularly advantageous configurations and developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description, whereby the independent claims of one claim category can also be developed analogously to the dependent claims and exemplary embodiments of another claim category and in particular also individual features of various exemplary embodiments or variants can be combined to new embodiments or variants.

In the device according to the invention, the conductor is, as usual, initially - i. H. before the disconnection actuator is triggered - in a first position or in an "initial position". In this initial position (or "normal operating position") the undestroyed conductor is, as mentioned above, e.g. B. integrated in an electrical circuit in the form of a series circuit via the first and second connection contact, so that (in "control mode") there is a closed circuit, for example between the battery and the electric motor. As intended, the current flows through the electrical conductor of the safety device during normal operation, with a current flow not being impaired.

After a successful breakup - d. H. After the disconnection actuator has been triggered - the severed conductor or the severed, possibly moved conductor parts are in a second position or in a “disconnected position” at the end of the disconnection movement or tear-off movement. In this disconnected position, the electrical circuit between a first and a second connection contact is interrupted as intended. For example, to interrupt the electrical circuit, at least one movable tear-off part of the conductor between the connection contacts can be torn out or punched through. In the following, this tear-off part of the conductor includes, for the sake of simplicity and without restricting the generality, a tear-off part of the first path as well as a tear-off part of the parallel path that may run in parallel, in any case connected in parallel and also tear off (with a time delay) after the release of the isolating actuator. It can preferably be moved into the disconnected position in a disengagement space specially provided for this purpose in the above-mentioned housing, as will be explained later. The movement of the tear-off part of the conductor after being torn off or separated by means of the separating actuator is also referred to below as “disengagement” or as a disengagement movement.

The course of the conductor, namely the first path and the parallel path, between the first and second connection contact could in principle be designed as desired, ie. H. be shaped and / or bent, for example, that in any case a section with two paths connected electrically in parallel is located between the first and the second connection contact. In this, the parallel path forms a path that is cut after the other, first path with a time delay. For example, the parallel path could be sufficiently spaced or spatially offset from the first path in at least one area of its course in the direction of movement of the isolating actuator, so that when the isolating actuator is triggered, the first path and, with a time delay, the parallel path is severed or separated by the isolating actuator arranged accordingly. is pierced.

Preferably, the conductor between the first and the second connection contact can change its direction (i.e. the longitudinal direction in which it extends longitudinally at the respective location) several times in such a way that the conductor can, in particular, change at least two electrically connected in series to be interrupted preferably has tear-off sections arranged spatially next to one another in the parallel path and / or in the first path.

For example, the course of the first path and / or the parallel path of the conductor between the first and the second connection contact can consequently run in a loop-like manner in at least one section. I. E. it can be angled several times and preferably have at least one U-shaped section with at least one path in which the (at least two) legs of the U-shaped section are preferably arranged essentially parallel to one another and spatially next to one another. Such a U-shaped section can preferably also have two or more paths which run essentially parallel.

Due to the preferred multiple change in its direction, the parallel path can be interrupted essentially simultaneously, if possible, in the context of the tear-off movement or separation movement - which will be explained later - at several tear-off sections arranged spatially next to one another and connected in series. According to the invention, the parallel path continues to be severed with a delay to the first path. This advantageously achieves that at the individual tear-off sections of the parallel path only a fraction of the total voltage used is present. The total voltage applied to the conductor is divided according to the number of tear-off sections used. As a result, for example with a total of two tear-off sections used, only half the total tension is applied to each of the two tear-off sections when tearing or separating. In this way, potential arcs that arise between the separate conductor parts are already weakened or even the formation of an arc is prevented.

The first path and the parallel path can preferably have a different electrical resistance. The electrical resistance is measured from a branch point of the secondary path from the first path to the other branch point of the secondary path, since there the current is divided into the two paths (according to Ohm's law). Since this is essentially a type of “extended parallel connection”, the electrical resistance is calculated from the voltage and current intensity in accordance with the formulas associated with the extended parallel connection (known to those skilled in the art).

Alternatively or additionally, the first path and the parallel path can be formed with a different conductor cross-section (cross-sectional area of the conductor). It is particularly advantageous if the conductor cross-section, before the division into the first path and the parallel path, is again reflected in total in the two paths. For example, the conductor cross-section of the first path could be three quarters and the conductor cross-section of the parallel path could be one quarter of the conductor before the split. It can thereby be achieved that the cross section of the conductor remains the same overall. However, the last parallel path to be interrupted, if it is torn off during the disengagement movement of the tear-off part from the remaining, invariant ladder part of the parallel path, free a corridor with a smaller cross-section, if it z. B. - as will be explained later - runs through an arc extinguishing chamber filled with an extinguishing material. Such a narrower corridor ensures that an arc has less space for formation or maintenance, and thus in particular collapses more easily or can be extinguished more easily.

The first path of the conductor can preferably form a main path, and the parallel path can form a secondary path. The main path is that path which, in relation to the other path, namely the parallel path or secondary path, has a lower electrical resistance and / or a larger conductor cross-section.

The first path and the parallel path can preferably also comprise different materials. If z. For example, if the first path is punched through and the parallel path is torn off, at least the parallel path could preferably be formed with a material which tears more easily than the material of the first path. For the first path, a material which has anisotropic material properties could particularly preferably be arranged and formed in such a way that it can be cut through more easily. This could possibly be a metal alloy that is weakened in one direction by the additional connection partner and thus tears more easily. In particular, through the selection of the respective rolling directions, depending on the materials, conductor sections with different tear strengths can also be produced, which could be used within the scope of the invention.

For example, the first path can also have a different specific electrical resistance than the parallel path. The specific electrical resistance - reciprocal of electrical conductivity - is also called resistivity and describes a temperature-dependent material constant (p). Since the first path mainly carries the electrical current in normal operation, it can, for example, have a lower resistivity. The parallel path, on the other hand, can have a higher resistivity, since it only carries the electrical current for a very short time when the isolating actuator is triggered. However, when setting the resistivity of the secondary path, care is preferably also taken to ensure that the secondary path is only interrupted (that is to say, in particular, does not melt prematurely) when at least a minimum separation distance is reached in the first path. In this respect, depending on the specific configuration, it can also be advantageous for the first path to have a higher resistivity than the secondary path. Therefore, the desired electrical resistivity for the parallel path can e.g. B. can be selected from a larger area. A different specific electrical resistance can therefore, for. B. can be achieved by a different choice of material for the first path and the parallel path, as described above.

Preferably, at least the first path can be formed with copper or a copper alloy and the parallel path can be implemented, for example, with aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or vice versa. Compared to aluminum, copper generally has better electrical conductivity, i. H. has a lower resistivity and is therefore particularly suitable for forming at least one essential, current-carrying component of the first path.

In a first preferred variant, for. B. the first path also only have an aluminum core and for example be coated with a copper sheathing in order to achieve increased electrical conductivity and thereby save material costs. Alternatively or additionally For example, a copper alloy can be used, the mixing ratio of which can be selected in such a way that electrical conductivity is improved compared to pure copper and / or material costs are reduced. For the parallel path, aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be used accordingly, since aluminum, if it is briefly exposed to the operating current at the moment of separation, melts due to the high heat input of the current and electrically insulating aluminum oxide is advantageously formed on the surface. Preferably, a material that requires a higher arc voltage can also be used, in particular for the parallel path. Then the arc extinguishes earlier. For example, these materials include cadmium alloys or platinum.

In a second preferred variant, the first path is made of aluminum and has a larger conductor cross-section than the parallel path. When using aluminum for the first path, the cross section would have to be approximately 1.5 to 2 times as large (compared to a copper conductor) in order to achieve the same electrical conductivity. However, for reasons of material availability and / or costs, it could still be cheaper to use a thicker, material-specific, cheaper aluminum conductor instead of a thinner but material-specific more expensive copper conductor.

In order to ensure that the first path is cut before the parallel path - that is, the parallel path preferably only after at least a desired minimum separation distance is present between the separated conductor path ends of the first path - there are various possibilities.

In a preferred embodiment of the securing device, the conductor can be designed in the area of the first nominal separation point in such a way that the separation actuator first acts on the first path and later on the parallel path. For this purpose, for example, the parallel path can be designed to be extended relative to the first path, at least in the area of the separating section. For example, for this purpose, the two legs of the U of the parallel path could be designed to be longer than the two legs of the first path. The parallel path thus forms z. B. an “outer U” that at least partially encloses the “inner” U of the first path.

Alternatively or additionally, only the parallel path can preferably be designed so that it is plastically deformable, at least in sections. I. E. when the disconnection actuator is triggered in the event of a fuse, the disconnection actuator can act, for example, on a transverse bar of the tear-off part of the conductor. In this transverse bar, which runs perpendicular to the direction of action or disengagement direction of a bolt of the separating actuator, the first path is in turn merged with the parallel path. The conductor is divided into a first path and a parallel path at least in a section that extends parallel to the disengagement direction. Due to the property that the parallel path is plastically deformed, it can be achieved that the parallel path is nevertheless severed with a time delay to the first path, although there is explicitly no spatial or temporal offset when the isolating actuator hits the conductor between the first path and the parallel path have to be. Under the action of the separating actuator, the parallel path is initially elastically stretched or deformed, so that a time delay occurs relative to the separation of the first path. Because the first path breaks z. B. by a “brittle fracture” essentially immediately, and only afterwards when a so-called “flow limit” is reached does the parallel path behave brittle and “deform” irreversibly. Finally it also breaks off, but only with a time delay or offset after the separation of the first path.

The conductor of the securing device can preferably have at least two first paths connected in parallel, electrically connecting the first and second connection contacts, which, when the disconnection actuator is triggered, are cut through before the parallel path and preferably substantially simultaneously with one another. For example, the first path can be divided into two structurally identical first paths, which preferably run essentially parallel to the U-shaped parallel path, but form a shortened, preferably inner, for example double “U” -shaped section. Despite a higher electrical contact resistance at the branch points in the two first paths "quasi halved" in cross-section, the overall electrical resistance between the branch points is advantageously lower than in the parallel path, since the first paths can thus be made shorter in length.

More preferably, the conductor can also have at least two parallel paths. A parallel path can preferably also be assigned to each first path.

The first path can preferably be shortened further. The first path is particularly preferably designed to be straight. In other words, the first path can preferably be guided through the housing of the safety device on the shortest path between the first and second connection contacts. This ensures, on the one hand, that the first path is particularly easy to manufacture, and, on the other hand, that material and costs can be saved.

Alternatively or in addition, the first path can preferably be oriented at least in the area of the first nominal separation point transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to at least one tear-off section of the parallel path with at least one second nominal separation point. As a result, when the disconnection actuator is triggered, the conductor is first severed at the first desired disconnection point and then at the second desired disconnection point, arranged correspondingly transversely, preferably perpendicular, to the first desired disconnection point as part of a continuing disengagement movement, tear-off movement or separation movement .

If, as is preferred, there is a second predetermined separation point in each of the two tear-off sections, the conductor in the parallel path can be cut through securely, doubly and essentially simultaneously. Although the conductor is cut through in the separation section at the first nominal separation point, in particular before the separation of the tear-off sections in the parallel path, no arc is formed at the first nominal separation point because the conductor is at least very briefly over the tear-off sections of the parallel path that are only subsequently torn off form a closed circuit. The conductor can particularly preferably only be cut through at one or each of the second target separation points when the break-off end sections or conductor path ends of the tear-off part of the first path have at least a minimum separation distance from the invariant conductor part of the first path, so that no more arcs can subsequently form or ignite.

Particularly preferably, at least one first target separation point is located in a first path, geometrically essentially in the middle, between the two tear-off sections of the parallel path that are arranged essentially parallel to one another and geometrically next to one another, these two second target separation points being connected in series with one another, as mentioned are. If the conductor runs approximately perpendicular to the tear-off sections in the area of a first nominal separation point, a first severing of the conductor in the first path can be achieved particularly easily by first punching through the conductor at the first nominal separation point as part of the separating movement becomes. As part of the continuing disengagement movement, the conductor can then then be torn off, preferably symmetrically, at the two tear-off sections of the parallel path.

The conductor can be punched out or through at the intended separation point, for example, by means of at least one blade, a sharp cutting edge or a sharp wedge and, if necessary, a corresponding counterpart. For this purpose, the securing device preferably comprises a separating element which interacts with the separating actuator. For separating at least one, preferably two first nominal separation points, this can comprise one, preferably two parallel cutting edges in order to sever or cut through the first path of the conductor at at least one, preferably two, first nominal separation point (s). In the case of two first nominal separation points, for example, the section located between the two first nominal separation points can also be cut out and disengaged in the further course, so that a corresponding separation distance is created in the first path. In order to additionally increase security, the first path can also preferably have two first nominal separation points which are sufficiently far apart that, when the section located between them has been punched out or torn out, between the first nominal separation points separated, remaining conductor path ends can no longer form an arc. As a result, a minimum separation distance is also achieved in the first path during separation, namely essentially in the length of the punched out or torn out section, before the conductor is separated one more time in the parallel path in the course of the disengaging movement.

All paths of the electrical conductor (hereinafter “conductor paths”) of the securing device can in principle each have a cross-section of any shape and / or any size, transversely to their direction, e.g. B. a round solid cross-section.

However, a conductor path is preferably designed as a “flat conductor”. In other words, it has a substantially flat cross section. I. E. the cross section of the flat conductor comprises a shorter and a longer side. For the sake of simplicity, however, a flat conductor is also only referred to as “conductor” or “conductor path” for short. The flat conductor is bent several times in its course, preferably over the longer cross-sectional side or “flat side”, so that, for example, a U-shaped conductor path section is created.

In principle, however, a conductor path could also be bent over the shorter cross-sectional side. Thus, by (multiple, in particular quadruple,) bending over the shorter cross-sectional side, a special U-shaped conductor path section could be created, in which the path of the conductor z. B. with one of its “flat sides” runs parallel to a plane of the conductor path.

There are various options for creating or designing the “target separation points” in a conductor path.

A "second target separation point" is, like the above-mentioned "first target separation point", basically designed in the sense of a “predetermined breaking point” at which the conductor path should preferably be separated in a targeted manner. The conductor path is preferably weakened at such a “nominal separation point”, so that from a desired tensile stress along its course direction it is first separated or torn off at this predetermined breaking point. The tensile stress required for tearing off or a force required for separation is exerted (as mentioned) by the separation actuator or originates from the separation actuator. The following exemplary embodiments can apply both to the first and to the second nominal separation points.

For example, the conductor path can be mechanically weakened at such a predetermined breaking point, in particular a predetermined separation point. I. E. he can z. B. have a cross-sectional constriction (thinning) at least at this point.

The conductor path preferably has a “perforation line” transversely to its direction at a predetermined breaking point, in particular a predetermined separating point. This corresponds to a mechanical weakening in the form of several holes almost adjacent to one another along a line that extends over the entire longer cross-sectional side. As a result, the tensile strength of the conductor path is deliberately adversely affected at this point, but there is no need to reduce the external dimension or the external dimensions of the conductor path in cross section.

Particularly preferably, a further weakening hole can be arranged in the conductor path in the course of the conductor path immediately before and after a perforation line. This is preferably arranged closer to one of the shorter cross-sectional sides of the conductor path, so that the tearing of the perforation line begins from the opposite, shorter cross-sectional side.

Very particularly preferably, the conductor path has a perforation line with at least two - before and after - diamond-shaped holes or breakthroughs, transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to its course at a predetermined separation point. The diamond-shaped openings are preferably asymmetrical, ie. H. are arranged closer to one of the shorter cross-sectional sides of the conductor path. They can have the effect that, due to uneven expansion of the material and the resulting uneven force effect, tearing off at the intended separation points is favored. However, other shapes of the holes or openings on the perforation line in the conductor path are also possible.

The perforation lines and / or the above-mentioned additionally weakening holes in the conductor path and / or other - to be described later - holes or openings in the conductor path can, for. B. are preferably punched out or incorporated in some other way. You can e.g. B. can also be cut out by means of a suitable laser.

Likewise, the weakening of a desired separation point could also be achieved by making the conductor path in the area of the desired separation point from a more easily tearable material, that is, a material which tears faster and more easily under tensile stress than in other areas. This can be useful if the production of the conductor or conductor path from several pieces would be associated with less effort and lower costs. This is particularly useful if the major part of the conductor path would consist of a cheaper, but at the same time more tensile, material. As mentioned, the requirements for the desired resistances in the relevant conductor paths must be taken into account.

There are also various options for designing the connection contacts of the conductor.

The first and second connection contacts of the conductor are preferably located outside the housing of the safety device, so that the safety device can be installed in a closed state of the housing in the case of a new installation or retrofitting in an existing system. The two connection contacts of the securing device, which protrude, so to speak, a piece from the housing of the securing device, can be shaped almost as desired.

The connection contacts are preferably each formed with at least one hole in cross section, so that they can be connected, for example, with a screw or the like. can be permanently connected or clamped in an existing circuit. The two connection contacts are particularly preferably designed with a hole in such a way that, for example, a clamping shoe can be used for clamping contact. This enables a new installation or a retrofitting of the safety device in an existing circuit by means of simple and quick terminal contacts. Furthermore, this type of clamping ensures that the safety device generally always remains connected in an electrical circuit and does not come off easily when the vehicle is in operation.

• Bei einer bevorzugten Variante der Sicherungsvorrichtung kann wie bereits oben erwähnt zumindest der Parallelpfad des Leiters zumindest im Bereich der zweiten Soll-Trennstelle durch zumindest eine, besonders bevorzugt gegenüber einer Umgebung abgedichtete, Lichtbogenlöschkammer verlaufen, in welcher sich ein Löschmaterial befindet.

The effects of an electric arc that may occur during separation at a target separation point can be further reduced by various measures:

• In a preferred variant of the safety device, as already mentioned above, at least the parallel path of the conductor at least in the area of the second target separation point can run through at least one arc extinguishing chamber, which is particularly preferably sealed off from an environment and in which an extinguishing material is located.

Particularly preferably, the securing device can comprise two separate, independent, sealed arc extinguishing chambers, which very particularly preferably each receive a tear-off section, each with a second desired separation point. Such an arc extinguishing chamber is designed to seal off (shield) an arc that may arise in a free space (i.e. between the two conductor parts separated from one another, e.g. by tearing off) from the surroundings of the arc extinguishing chamber. “Sealed from the surroundings of the arc quenching chamber” is to be understood in such a way that any processes occurring inside the arc quenching chamber when torn off do not cause any harmful effects outside the arc quenching chamber as far as possible. In addition, no extinguishing material should be able to escape. The extinguishing material is preferably a substance or a material that has electrically insulating properties and is hardly or very poorly ignitable or combustible. A more detailed description of the extinguishing material and its function is given below. It is located at least in and / or around the area of the tear-off sections within the arc extinguishing chambers. The arc extinguishing chamber is preferably filled with the extinguishing material essentially except for the conductor path itself.

Because the relevant path of the conductor now also preferably runs through an additionally sealed, separate arc extinguishing chamber in the housing, at least in the area of the tear-off sections, it can be ensured that the electric arc is held within the arc extinguishing chamber and is carried out particularly well and quickly by means of the the extinguishing material located there can be deleted. Since these arc extinguishing chambers are arranged as sealed, separate chambers within the housing, the probability that extinguishing material will get outside the housing when triggered is further reduced. This is because they can be separated from the other components of the safety device in the interior of the housing, for example, by a partition wall or inner walls that run around at least in sections within the housing. If this allows other accident damage to the vehicle in principle, the vehicle can be put back into operation immediately by simply and quickly exchanging the safety device. In particular, cleaning of the surrounding area would not be necessary.

The extinguishing material is expediently designed to extinguish or collapse an arc particularly quickly, so that the electrical connection is interrupted as quickly as possible. It is preferably a material which has particularly good pouring and flow properties. So that it can not only be filled easily and without problems in the arc extinguishing chambers, but also flows particularly quickly into the free space, namely z. B. the above-mentioned "corridor", which during the tear-off movement through the tear-off part of the respective path of the conductor, which z. B. can move at least partially out of the arc extinguishing chamber is formed. Quartz sand is preferably used as the extinguishing material. For the sake of simplicity, the quartz sand can also only be referred to as sand in the following.

A resulting arc can in particular lead to (possibly also only partial) melting of the quartz sand, as a result of which maintenance energy is withdrawn from the arc. At the same time, an insulating glass plug made of molten quartz sand can also form, which can interrupt the arc.

As mentioned, the division of the conductor into a first path and a parallel path and the arrangement of the second nominal separation points of the parallel path in an arc extinguishing chamber achieve a particularly positive effect. Since the cross-section of the parallel path can be smaller (than the cross-section of the first path), the “corridor” in the extinguishing material is correspondingly smaller. In principle, however, the first desired separation point of the first path could also be arranged in an arc extinguishing chamber (filled with extinguishing material).

As already mentioned above, the arc extinguishing chambers are preferably sealed. There are also various options for this.

Preferably, one, particularly preferably each, arc extinguishing chamber has at least two seals, one seal in each case at each of the two entry points of the relevant path of the conductor into or out of the relevant arc extinguishing chamber.

The seals at the entry points of the arc extinguishing chambers are preferably formed or shaped in such a way that no extinguishing material emerges from the arc extinguishing chambers and, even in the event of a trigger, preferably no arc emerges from the arc extinguishing chambers.

For this purpose, each of the seals expediently has a through opening for the conductor path. This is designed to match the conductor cross-section of the conductor path, so that it preferably still remains movable along its main direction, but - with a constant cross-section along the conductor path section moving through the seal - is permanently sealed as tightly as possible. The through opening therefore preferably has a predetermined clear dimension that is minimally smaller than an outer dimension of the conductor path and particularly preferably flexible, so that in any case the seal lies particularly close to the conductor path, even if the clear dimension achieved with a specific seal may be in individual cases Due to the manufacturing process (within the tolerances), it should be slightly larger than the specified clearance.

At least along the conductor path section moving through the seal, the path of the conductor preferably also has a uniform, smooth surface, so that it slides smoothly through the through-openings of the seals during the tear-off movement.

A seal preferably comprises an elastic and / or an electrically insulating material. It is particularly preferably a rubber seal or a seal made of a rubber-like elastic material. The seal is very particularly preferably made of a heat-resistant material so that its shape neither changes in the event of the potential formation of an arc, nor is its material damaged in such a way that the sealing ability of the seal could possibly be impaired. This ensures that the arc extinguishing chamber remains sealed off from its surroundings.

Preferred materials for an elastic seal, which is, for example, assembled by hand or preferably by machine, are acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, silicone rubber or fluorine rubber.

If a seal is to be introduced in situ, it can be injected using a so-called 2K injection molding process. As materials, thermoplastic polymers can be used, such as. B. Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamides (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyoxymethylene (POM ), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). However, crosslinked materials are preferably used, such as. B. styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), fluoropolymer rubber (FKM), butadiene rubber (BR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM ), Ethylene acrylate rubber (AEM), perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) because these are stable for even longer, in particular to keep a preload on the conductor path running through the seal.

On the other hand, a seal can be applied or introduced in situ, as mentioned above in the manufacturing process, for example using the so-called “form in place” method directly on the respective path of the conductor or on the housing. As a material, a polymer such as. B. Polyurethane can be used.

For a tight connection to the housing, one, preferably each, seal together with an associated wall section of the housing forms a form-fitting connection. These wall sections are z. B. each in the area of the entry points of the respective conductor path in the arc extinguishing chamber. Such wall sections into which a seal is inserted through which the path of the conductor runs are also referred to below as “passage walls” of the arc extinguishing chamber.

Such a form fit between the seal and the passage wall is preferably a tongue and groove connection or (as particularly preferred) a bung. Two connection partners (components) are usually connected to one another in a form-fitting manner, so that there is sufficient shear strength perpendicular to this connection. In the case of bunging, one of the two connection partners has a groove at the connection point and the other has a tongue, so that when the two connection partners are connected, the tongue fits positively into the groove. A tongue-and-groove connection means a connection between two components in which both connection partners have a groove at the connection point, which is positively connected by means of an additional tongue in the form of a third component.

For this purpose, the wall sections or through walls each have recesses or slots which are adapted to the outer shape and dimensions of the conductor path. In order to ensure that the seal remains in place of the respective conductor path during the tear-off movement of the respective conductor path, the openings in the passage walls, in which the seals can each be arranged, can preferably only be minimal on the side facing away from the arc extinguishing chambers be larger than the conductor cross-section. As a result, the seals are, so to speak, held captive in the passage wall between the inside and outside at the entry points. A through wall is therefore preferred designed so that it has at least one single groove, preferably a double groove with a tongue located in between, at the opening for connection to the seal arranged therein. Particularly preferably, the seal is formed with a cooperating simple groove, in which the tongue of the double groove engages with a suitable arrangement, so that the path of the conductor when the tear-off part of the path of the conductor moves in the direction of the conductor path when the tear-off part of the conductor is torn off Seal slips through without tearing the seal with it. This should keep the seals in place in the event of a tearing movement of the relevant path of the conductor.

The wall sections or through walls can, as mentioned, for. B. be molded directly into the housing parts (z. B. by injection molding) or separately inserted components into the housing.

After closing the housing, so z. B. after assembling the housing from the housing base body and the housing cover, the matching housing walls in connection with the seals result in completely closed arc extinguishing chambers in the housing, in each of which at least one tear-off section of the conductor path to be interrupted, preferably the parallel path, of the conductor Is arranged sealed as required.

If the conductor is separated or torn off as part of the separating movement at at least one first and with a time delay also at a second, but preferably at two second, predetermined separation points, the torn off part of the parallel path of the conductor (tear-off part) is preferably only so far out moves the arc extinguishing chamber so that an end section of the tear-off part on the breaking side (with an intact conductor cross-section) always remains within the arc extinguishing chamber. I. E. the two respective ends or conductor path ends of the conductor path separated at the, preferably two, second nominal separation points are preferably as far away from each other as possible in a separation position, but the two end sections of the tear-off part of the conductor path on the breaking side are still located within the sealed arc extinguishing chamber, so that the through opening remains clogged (sealed) with the rest of the tear-off part of the conductor path.

The securing device can preferably also comprise a, preferably non-conductive, separating element that is designed to couple or connect part of the relevant path of the conductor which is to be torn off with the separating actuator. As a result, at least the tear-off part of the path of the conductor moves when the disconnection actuator is triggered. The separating element is a type of adapter, such as a “pressure plate”, which is preferably arranged between the separating actuator and the path of the conductor, the pressure plate creating a non-conductive connection between the two components and at the same time isolating the separating actuator from the conductor path . The pressure plate can, for example, have a trapezoidal shape, for example, with its larger base, it can accommodate the relevant path of the conductor flat and with a pin on the smaller base it can engage in a hole in the bolt of the isolating actuator. The pressure plate can preferably be arranged centrally parallel to the longitudinal side of the conductor cross-section between the isolating actuator and the conductor path. As a result, it can push away the tear-off part of the conductor's path by the action of the isolating actuator, without the isolating actuator directly touching the conductor's path.

Depending on the configuration of the conductor, in particular the first path and the parallel path, the housing of the safety device can have particularly preferred features.

A sufficiently large cavity, the already mentioned release chamber, is preferably located in the housing to accommodate a tear-off part of the conductor path that moves (when the separating actuator is triggered). This cavity serves as a “release space” since it accommodates at least the moving or disengaging tear-off part of the conductor path, which runs in the separating section or between the two tear-off sections. It extends, for example, over an area within the housing that adjoins a front end face of the housing that is further away from the connection contacts. For example, the release space can be delimited by outer walls of the housing and only limited on one side essentially by the two arc extinguishing chambers and the separating actuator (or a separating actuator chamber for accommodating the separating actuator) preferably located in between. In other words, the release space can preferably occupy an area within the housing that extends over the full width of the end faces and over a length of the longitudinal sides of the housing that is adapted to the separation distance.

The release space therefore preferably has a "clear dimension" between its opposing boundaries or walls in the release direction in which the movement of the tear-off part of the respective path of the conductor takes place (i.e. a main direction of the conductor path which will be explained in more detail later with reference to the figures) , which is at most so large that the tear-off part of the conductor path can in any case not be completely disengaged from the arc extinguishing chambers. Through this, at the A “clear dimension” of the release space that is suitably selected results in a maximum separation distance between the respective end of the tear-off part and the associated end of the conductor path part that remains when torn off. At the end of the tear-off movement in the separated position, this separation distance should be at least large enough to encourage the potential arc to collapse.

The housing is particularly preferably designed in such a way that at least the walls of the release space or of the housing, which are ultimately intended to intercept the tear-off part of the conductor path, are reinforced. These walls can have a reinforcement or stiffening, for example in the form of ribs, in particular running parallel to the base side of the housing, and / or a greater wall thickness. These ribs serve to stabilize or reinforce the circumferential outer wall and are therefore arranged in particular on the end-face outer wall in the direction of action of the separating actuator. In this case, the direction of action of the isolating actuator also corresponds to the main course direction of the relevant path of the conductor. This ensures that all disengaging parts of the respective conductor path, which are moved within the safety device after one of the pyrotechnic disconnection actuators is triggered, remain safely inside the safety device and at least through this no harmful effect arises outside.

An outer wall of the housing can very particularly preferably be formed with ribs or outer wall ribs in the area of the release space on the outside on the front end face of the housing and the two corresponding sections of the longitudinal sides of the housing.

As already mentioned at the beginning, the safety device preferably comprises a separately encapsulated, pyrotechnic isolating actuator. If desired, this can also be purchased as a separate, independent purchased part independently of the safety device. In this case, use can also be made of already existing, in particular standardized, pyrotechnic actuators that otherwise serve other purposes, such as, for. B. to trigger safety devices, seat belt tensioners, hood stands or the like.

A preferred isolating actuator has a cylindrical sleeve with a bolt with a piston section located therein, a propellant charge and an ignition device or ignition unit, which is closed by means of a closure piece. The sleeve is preferably a component made from steel. The bolt is made of aluminum, for example. A pyrotechnic propellant consists of a set of chemical substances in solid, liquid or gaseous form which, as an energy carrier, strives for a large volume when activated and is thus able to move or deform an object.

In principle, other isolating actuators or actuators or so-called “PIN pushers” are also possible without separate encapsulation. I. E. the cylinder can, for example, also be partially implemented as part of the housing of the safety device, i. H. be integrated in the housing.

The isolating actuator and the above-mentioned pressure plate, which can press against the tear-off part of a path of the conductor that is to be torn off in the event of a trigger, can be connected or coupled to one another in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, they have, for example, corresponding coupling elements. These can be designed, for example, in the form of a front-side cylindrical (core) bore in the bolt of the separating actuator and a corresponding pin on the back of the pressure plate. As a result, there is a form fit between the bolt and the pressure plate in the manner of a pin-hole connection (coupling). Alternatively, the bolt of the separation actuator could also form a part with the pressure plate, i. H. the bolt and the pressure plate are made in one piece. The “pressure plate” can also be guided directly in the housing so that no (core) drilling is required in the bolt.

Via the above-mentioned locking piece of the isolating actuator, which is freely accessible from outside the housing, the isolating actuator can be connected, for example via electrical connections, to a signal transmitter which, if triggered, transmits the trigger signal for triggering the isolating actuator. The signal transmitter can preferably be part of a suitable battery management system, which preferably initiates a trigger signal according to certain rules and / or as a function of various input signals. The signal transmitter can also be a suitable current sensor. For example, the signal transmitter can also be connected to a sensor in the vehicle which, as mentioned above, is coupled to a built-in safety device, a belt tensioner or the like, so that when triggered, for. B. the safety device also triggers the safety device.

In addition to the above-mentioned process steps of the manufacturing method, further optional process steps can be provided.

This includes, in particular, that - as already mentioned - a housing is preferably also provided or manufactured in which the two tear-offs to be interrupted are particularly preferably Sections of the parallel path of the conductor are included. In this case, at least two arc extinguishing chambers can be incorporated separately in the housing, in which the two tear-off sections are each received, the arc extinguishing chambers preferably being sealed off from an environment, as mentioned above. The housing is so z. B. manufactured or shaped so that it receives or encloses the electrical conductor so that at least the two tear-off sections of the parallel path of the conductor are in arc extinguishing chambers that are separated from the other areas in the housing by walls within the housing. At the entry points of the parallel path of the conductor into or out of the arc extinguishing chambers, seals are preferably arranged in front of and behind the tear-off sections to be interrupted in order to seal the passage through the walls.

Optionally, the already mentioned separation actuator chamber, in which the separation actuator is stored and is held in its position after assembly, can optionally also be incorporated into the aforementioned housing, as is preferred. The separation actuator chamber can in the simplest case, for. B. only be designed so that the isolating actuator is held at least in or against the main course direction, in particular its impact direction or recoil direction. At right angles to the main course, the separating actuator chamber can, for example, simply ensure that the separating actuator is essentially secured against lateral tilting or slipping with a little play.

The separating actuator chamber can preferably form a suitable abutment for the separating actuator in the recoil direction, particularly preferably one arranged at the end of the separating actuator, so that the separating actuator fully applies its (separating) force to the tear-off part or parts of the conductor to be separated when triggered can transfer. It can very particularly preferably be mounted on the abutment in such a way that a potential recoil is thus converted directly into a shock in the direction of impact.

So that the separation actuator can be held in the installed state, for example with simple fastening webs or transverse ribs against the main course direction in the housing, it can preferably have a circular projection at one end in the longitudinal direction, with which he z. B. engages between two, appropriately incorporated in the housing, transverse ribs. This explicitly ensures that the force of the isolating actuator when triggered is transmitted as intended via the bolt of the isolating actuator and via the pressure plate to the tear-off part (s) of the conductor path (s) to be cut and the isolating actuator cannot unintentionally shoot out of the rear of the housing.

During assembly, the two above-mentioned arc extinguishing chambers formed by the housing are filled with an extinguishing material. The housing is then preferably closed. For example, by connecting a basic housing body, in which the above-mentioned Components are assembled and the extinguishing material filled in, closed with a housing cover. As a result, the extinguishing material, which is located in the arc extinguishing chambers, can be held captive within the arc extinguishing chamber as well as accidental leakage, e.g. B. during the assembly of the safety device can be prevented.

In the case of the basic housing body described above, all of the inner walls or partition walls are preferably already fully formed. For example, the “partition walls” of the arc extinguishing chambers can be separated from the other areas in the housing, e.g. B. a separation actuator chamber, already formed or shaped in the manufacture of the housing in one operation, z. B. in an injection molding process. Alternatively, individual partition walls could also be used later if this appears favorable in terms of production technology. These are then provided, for example, as separate individual parts and can be inserted into the housing or mounted in the housing in at least one further process step of the manufacturing method (before filling).

For example, the housing base body of the housing can be closed with the cover element after filling in such a way that a later improper opening by a third party, for example for manipulation purposes, can be prevented or recognized. For example, the seals can also be provided or delivered in an already prepared state. Preferably, however, the seals can also be injected or foamed or foamed in an additional process step in-situ directly around or on the conductor using a so-called “formed in-place” (or “formed in-place foam gasket” (FIPFG)) method the conductor can be overmolded. The seals can also be inserted directly into the housing using the "form-in-place" method or using the 2K injection molding process.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht (bei geöffnetem Gehäusedeckel) eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1 in einer Zwischenstellung nach Auslösen des Trennaktors,
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1 in einer Trennstellung nach Auslösen des Trennaktors,
• 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines elektrischen Leiters einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines elektrischen Leiters einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 6 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels eines elektrischen Leiters einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 7 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels eines elektrischen Leiters einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 8 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Dichtung der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 9 einen Längsschnitt auf einen Trennaktor (in einer Ausgangsstellung) der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 10 eine Draufsicht auf den Trennaktor (in einer Trennstellung nach dem Auslösen) der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 1,
• 11 eine schematische Ansicht (bei geöffnetem Gehäusedeckel) eines sechsten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 12 eine schematische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 11 in einer Zwischenstellung nach Auslösen des Trennaktors,
• 13 eine schematische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 11 in einer Trennstellung nach Auslösen des Trennaktors,
• 14 eine perspektivische Ansicht (bei geöffnetem Gehäusedeckel) eines siebten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 15 eine andere Perspektive der erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 14 (ohne Gehäuse) in einer Ausgangsstellung,
• 16 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 14 mit einem geschlossenen Gehäuse,
• 17 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 14 in einer ersten Zwischenstellung nach Auslösen des Trennaktors,
• 18 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 14 in einer zweiten Zwischenstellung nach Auslösen des Trennaktors,
• 19 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Sicherungsvorrichtung nach 14 in einer Trennstellung nach Auslösen des Trennaktors,
• 20 beispielhaft ein schematisches Schaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungsvorrichtung 1 in Reihe geschaltet in einem elektrischen Stromkreis.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached figures on the basis of exemplary embodiments. The same components are provided with identical reference numbers in the various figures. The figures are usually not to scale. Show it:

• 1 a schematic view (with the housing cover open) of a first embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 2 a schematic view of the safety device according to 1 in an intermediate position after the disconnection actuator has been triggered,
• 3 a schematic view of the safety device according to 1 in a disconnected position after the disconnection actuator has been triggered,
• 4th a perspective view of a second embodiment of an electrical conductor of a fuse device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 5 a perspective view of a third embodiment of an electrical conductor of a fuse device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 6th a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of an electrical conductor of a fuse device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 7th a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of an electrical conductor of a safety device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 8th a perspective view of a seal of the securing device according to 1 ,
• 9 a longitudinal section of a separating actuator (in an initial position) of the safety device 1 ,
• 10 a top view of the disconnect actuator (in a disconnected position after triggering) of the safety device according to 1 ,
• 11 a schematic view (with the housing cover open) of a sixth embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 12th a schematic view of the safety device according to 11 in an intermediate position after the disconnection actuator has been triggered,
• 13th a schematic view of the safety device according to 11 in a disconnected position after the disconnection actuator has been triggered,
• 14th a perspective view (with the housing cover open) of a seventh embodiment of a safety device according to the invention in an initial position,
• 15th another perspective of the safety device according to the invention 14th (without housing) in an initial position,
• 16 a perspective view of the safety device according to 14th with a closed housing,
• 17th a perspective view of the safety device according to 14th in a first intermediate position after the disconnection actuator has been triggered,
• 18th a perspective view of the safety device according to 14th in a second intermediate position after the disconnection actuator has been triggered,
• 19th a perspective view of the safety device according to 14th in a disconnected position after the disconnection actuator has been triggered,
• 20th an example of a schematic circuit diagram of a safety device according to the invention 1 connected in series in an electrical circuit.

Based on 1 to 3 and 8th to 10 will now first be a first preferred embodiment of the safety device according to the invention 100 described.

This safety device 100 is, as well as all further exemplary embodiments of safety devices described below for interrupting an electrical connection V and is formed with a first connection contact 33a and a second connection contact 33b in operation, as for the safety device 1 in 20th is shown connected in series in an existing electrical circuit. The safety device 1 in 20th is therefore representative of each of the other security devices mentioned 100 , 500 , 600 , 700 and can be modified in the manner of one or more of these exemplary embodiments mentioned or possibly represent a combination of a number of the exemplary embodiments mentioned, in particular also have modified exemplary embodiments of conductors, in particular the conductors that are based on the 4th to 6th will be explained later.

As in particular from the schematic view of the safety device 100 in 1 shows belong next to the electrical conductor 130 to the main components of this safety device 100 a housing 105 with two arc-extinguishing chambers sealed against an environment 120 , which with an extinguishing material 24 be filled, and a separation actuator 60 (preferably a separately encapsulated, pyrotechnic isolating actuator). Other important areas within the housing 105 , in which all other components are mounted, are among other things a lengthways between the two arc extinguishing chambers 120 located separation actuator chamber 17th in which the Isolating actuator 60 is arranged, and a frontally adjoining release space 115 .

Some essential components according to the design 1 are in the 8th , 9 and 10 shown individually, as will be explained later.

The electrical conductor 130 out 1 has two ladder paths 40 , 50 with a flat cross section, ie a cross section through the conductor path 40 , 50 perpendicular to its respective course direction (that is, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the relevant conductor path at the respective location) has a shorter and a longer cross-sectional side. However, in 1 only a plan view of the shorter cross-sectional side of the respective conductor path 40 , 50 shown, which is why the longer cross-sectional side, which runs into the plane of the drawing, cannot be seen.

The flat cross-section of the two conductor paths 40 , 50 perpendicular to their respective direction is better in the perspective explained in more detail later 4th to see which one is opposite the electrical conductor 130 to 1 only slightly modified embodiment of one for the safety device 100 suitable conductor 230 shows. This flat formation of the ladder paths 40 , 50 is, moreover, largely also in the further exemplary embodiments of ladders, which are also explained later 330 , 430 , 530 , 630 , 730 in the 5 to 7th and 11 to 19th unless another form is explicitly explained or shown. In most cases it is particularly advantageous but not essential for the basic invention.

Any of the paths 40 , 50 of the head 130 in 1 is bent in several places over its longer cross-sectional side, so that it changes its direction several times. The division into the paths 40 , 50 and the formation of the paths 40 , 50 takes place so that the head 130 overall in a "course level" spanned by the repeatedly changing course direction VE (in the 1 is parallel to the plane of the picture) is essentially U-shaped, the conductor 130 at least around the area of a first target separation point 42 or a first path in the area of a separating section 40 and a parallel path connected electrically in parallel 50 owns. Thus describes the course of the conductor 130 more precisely one in the gradient layer VE "U" formed twice in sections. The parallel path 50 points here, as a side path 50 , a smaller conductor cross-section than the first path 40 on of the main path 40 forms.

Like this also better in the variant of the ladder according to 4th can be seen, it becomes the gradient level VE defined as a plane arranged to be the longer cross-sectional side, ie the flat side, of the parallel path 50 cuts in the middle, i.e. in the middle between the shorter cross-sectional sides, parallel to the shorter cross-sectional sides.

As "main course direction" HVR of the parallel path 50 or minor path 50 of the head 130 The following is the direction of the two “legs” of the “U” of the parallel path 50 in the gradient layer VE Are defined.

It should already be pointed out that these definitions of the course level VE and the main course direction HVR also to the explanations of the further exemplary embodiments according to FIGS 4th to 7th and 11 to 13th is resorted to.

The overall thus essentially U-shaped conductor 130 has at the free ends of the U-legs (also called “legs” for short), angled foot sections pointing outwards from the “U”, which are perpendicular to the main direction HVR are arranged so that including these foot sections in section along the course plane VE (ie in the plane of the drawing) results in an angular, right-angled "Ω", which best matches the in 1 shown top view can be seen. The leader points out these areas 130 only one path here. As will be explained later, these foot sections serve as connection contacts 33a , 33b .

A ladder shaped like this 130 consequently has two long sides arranged geometrically next to each other (in 1 to 3 above and below) in the form of the two legs, each formed in two paths, a "closed" end face connecting the two legs - which is formed by the "transverse bar" 32b, which is also formed here in two paths - (in the figure right) and another “open” end opposite the closed end or the “U-opening” (on the left in the figure) with foot sections angled outwards (i.e. up and down in the figure) at the free ends of the U-legs .

There are branches on the open end between the foot sections and the transition to the U-legs AZ , on which the head 130 in the first path 40 and the parallel path 50 divides. The two paths 40 , 50 can for example be separate parts that are electrically and mechanically connected to one another in any way, e.g. B. soldered together (especially brazed), riveted or welded conductor parts. In addition or as an alternative, positive connections are also possible. Combinations are also possible. For example at the branch points AZ soldered conductor paths that additionally interlock or are connected in a form-fitting manner or also riveted, form-fitting interlocking conductor paths. The leader can do this 130 for example a short one at each branch AZ from the first path 40 protruding, connecting web 38 or the like - as will be explained further below - have to which the parallel path 50 is connected in each case.

The ladder parts for the first path 40 and the parallel path 50 can, in particular in this variant, preferably each be “cut to length” from a suitable continuously cast part.

The two parallel legs and the crossbar 32b on the closed face of the first path 40 of the head 130 , which are also referred to collectively as the separating section in the following, are each here at a point near the branch points AZ near a "stepped" bend 31a to the foot sections (or connection contacts 33a , 33b ) in the form of a first target separation point 42 , here specifically a narrowing of the cross-section 35 weakened. The narrowing of the cross-section 35 extends here in 1 perpendicular to the direction of the first path 40 over its entire longer cross-sectional side (ie into the plane of the drawing) and shortened in the area of the first intended separation point 42 from both edges of the longer cross-sectional side the shorter cross-sectional side of the first path 40 . In other words, the first path possesses 40 at such a first target separation point 42 in sections a “transverse incision” on both sides, so to speak. These "cross cuts" are also better than in 1 in the perspective view of the variant of the conductor according to 4th to recognize.

The one here in 1 leg of the first path shown 40 also have just before the bend to the crossbeam 32b of the tear-off part 32 (upwards or downwards in the figure) perpendicular to the main course direction HVR pointing, each up to the legs of the parallel path 50 protruding spacers 39 . They ensure that when the disconnection actuator 60 the transom 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the parallel path 50 only after a predetermined spatial offset between the separate conductor path ends in the first path, consequently offset in time to the first path 40 evenly in the main course direction HVR is disengaged. However, this means that they are only offset in time and thus in particular spatially in each case on the corner at the transition from the legs to the crossbar 32b of the parallel path 50 act, they are at the same minimum distance in the main course direction HVR to the parallel path 50 arranged as the crossbeam 32b of the first path 40 before releasing to the crossbar 32b of the parallel path 50 .

The two parallel legs of the parallel path 50 of the head 130 , hereinafter also referred to as tear-off sections 51a , 51b can be designated, are here in each case at a point near the respective junction AZ in the form of a second target separation point 52 , here specifically a narrowing of the cross-section 35 (see also again 4th ) weakened. The narrowing of the cross-section 35 extends here in 1 perpendicular to the direction of the parallel path 50 over its entire shorter cross-sectional side and shortened in the area of the second predetermined separation point 52 from both edges of the shorter cross-section side the longer cross-section side of the parallel path 50 . In other words, the parallel path has 50 at such a second nominal separation point 52 in sections a "longitudinal incision" on both sides. Compared to the above-mentioned transverse incision, this means a bidirectional incision in the direction and from the direction of the plane of the drawing, which defines a “narrow point” in sections.

On the closed face or the crossbeam 32b is the first path 40 of the head 130 between the two parallel legs in a straight line perpendicular to its main direction HVR . To this end, it is at right angles to the main course direction HVR correspondingly narrow, i.e. almost angular, bent and / or shaped. Centered between the two bends and centered in relation to the longer cross-sectional side of the first path 40 of the head 130 is here in the course of the first path 40 a guide nose 36 perpendicular in the direction of the opposite open end face. This serves, as will be explained later, a pressure plate 180 that have a corresponding counterpart (guide hole 83 ) for the isolating actuator 60 to pair. At a distance or minimum distance from the first path 40 The crossbeam runs parallel to the closed end face 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the parallel path 50 . The minimum distance is preferably selected to be so large that before the separation in the parallel path 50 at least the desired minimum separation distance in the first path 40 is achieved.

The two outwardly angled foot sections of the ladder 130 serve as connection contacts as mentioned 33a , 33b . They each have a "hole" or a circular central opening in the flat side of the conductor 130 Mistake. With these holes, they can be integrated and secured in series in an electrical circuit for operation by means of appropriate clamping shoes, for example crimp cable clamping shoes, or by screws.

The different sections of the ladder 130 or the paths 40 , 50 can also consist of several individual parts, e.g. B. as mentioned above Continuously cast parts exist, which, however, in any case at least in a fully assembled state have a continuous or continuously connected electrical conductor 130 with two paths 40 , 50 form.

The head 130 here includes two each through the first setpoint separation points 42 of the first path 40 as well as through the second target separation points 52 of the parallel path 50 connected parts 31 , 32 (or sub-areas) that are part of a tear-off movement (see 2 and 3 ) are separated or separated from each other.

A part 31 is, as will be explained later, essentially immovable in the housing 105 stored (see, for example, the one explained later 2 or 3 ) and is therefore also referred to below as the "invariant ladder part" 31 because it behaves statically in the context of the tear-off movement. It includes the two sections of both the first path 40 as well as the parallel path 50 of the head 130 , which are located between the connection contacts 33a , 33b and the target separation points 42 , 52 extend. These sections of the invariant ladder part 31 are in the disconnected position P2 like this in 3 is shown, in the event of triggering after tearing or separation, not even indirectly via the remaining, the two sections of the invariant ladder part 31 connecting ladder part 32 connected.

That other part of the ladder 32 of the head 130 that moves during the tear-off movement is also referred to simply as the “tear-off part” 32. This is in turn divided into two sections, which in turn consist at least in sections of the parallel and parallel paths: In the already mentioned crossbar 32b of the tear-off part 32 between the two legs of the conductor 130 , which is essentially perpendicular to the main course direction HVR runs, and in the two intended breakage-side end sections 32a of the tear-off part 32 which the two at the breaking point or breaking point 42 , 52 torn off, moved "ends" or conductor path ends correspond. These intended break-side end sections 32a agree with the torn, moving parts of the long side legs of the conductor 130 coincide, each parallel to the main course direction HVR of the head 130 on the crossbeam 32b connect. The tear-off part 32 of the head 130 which is both the severed part of the first path 40 as well as that of the parallel path 50 includes, namely moves after the release of the separation actuator 60 within an extra for this in the housing 105 provided release space 115 .

Before describing the case 105 is continued, is now based on the sequence of 1 to 3 described how it happens after the disconnection actuator has been triggered 60 as part of a movement of the bolt 61 of the separation actuator 60 (See the explanations for the 9 and 10 ) for the delayed separation of the parallel path 50 after cutting the first path 40 comes.

In the starting position P1 before the disconnection actuator is triggered 60 so the first path is located first 40 immediately before, i.e. in 1 to the right of the printing plate 180 , which when the disconnection actuator is triggered 60 after receiving a trigger signal AS (please refer 20th ) through the bolt 61 in the main course direction HVR , ie to the right, is disengaged. At a minimum distance in the main course direction HVR in addition, is located here even further to the right in front of the crossbar 32b of the first path 40 the above-mentioned parallel and parallel crossbeams 32b of the parallel path 50 .

2 then shows the state of the safety device 100 in an intermediate position (with the bolt only partially extended or disengaged 61 of the separation actuator 60 ) after separating the first path 40 at the first two target separation points 42 where this gap between the crossbeam 32b of the first path 40 and the transom 32b of the parallel path 50 by disengaging the pressure plate 180 with the tear-off part 32 of the first path 40 has already been closed. The crossbeam is located here 32b of the first path 40 straight on the crossbeam 32b of the parallel path 50 and then pulls it into a disconnected position P2 (please refer 3 ) with itself, in which finally also the parallel path 50 with a time delay at the second target separation points 52 of the two tear-off sections 51a , 51b (which only in 1 and 2 shown intact) is separated.

As in 3 is shown, the “total” separation distance of the tear-off part adds up 32 of the parallel path 50 to the invariant ladder part 31 in the disconnected position P2 from the two individual separation distances, preferably at least from the two individual minimum separation distances, between the respective at the desired separation points 52 separate ladder sections 31 , 32 of the parallel path 50 .

The separation distance between the first separated conductor parts 31 , 32 of the first path 40 is primarily when the parallel path is torn off or separated after a delay 50 significant. At this point in time, there is at least the desired minimum separation distance, ie a spatial offset, between the conductor parts 31 , 32 of the first path 40 provided, which guarantees that neither a current between the conductor parts 31 , 32 flows, even afterwards, for example after the separation in the parallel path 50 , again an electric current, e.g. B. by an arc, between the separate conductor parts 31 , 32 in the first path 40 skip that could lead to a maintenance or re-establishment of the electrical connection V over the first path 40 would lead. One possibly when the parallel path is torn off 50 at one of the second target separation points 52 In contrast, the resulting arc can be suppressed relatively well or at least quickly extinguished because the two tear-off sections 51a , 51b of the parallel path 50 in special with extinguishing material 24 provided arc extinguishing chambers 120 run, as will be explained in more detail later.

The following is the case 105 based on 1 described in more detail. This can be integrated into a housing body 106 and subdivide a housing cover, but here the housing cover for better visibility into the housing 105 is not shown.

A similar, structurally slightly modified case cover 707 is only in a seventh embodiment 16 shown. Functionally, these and other differently designed housing covers do not differ from one another, which is why only the above-mentioned housing cover 707 is shown representative of all others. Each of the housing covers is shaped as a whole in such a way that it forms a cover-side closure to the respective housing base body. Between it and the housing base body, all components mounted in the housing are held or enclosed accordingly if it is fitted into the housing base body during assembly.

Like the top view of the housing body 106 in 1 can be seen, this is rectangular (or cuboid) with a bottom side or base side G (here parallel to the plane of the drawing), with two long sides L. (in 1 to 3 above and below) and two end faces S. , S ' (right and left in the same figures). The face assigned to the release space is thereby S. , on which side the above-mentioned, closed end face of the conductor paths is also at the same time 40 , 50 is located, hereinafter also referred to as "front", end face S. designated. The isolating actuator is consistent with this 60 edging, opposite end face S ' , on which the open face of the conductor paths is accordingly 40 , 50 is located, hence the "rear" face S ' of the housing 105 called. The housing body 106 is open here in these figures "out of the plane of the drawing" (for a glimpse into the housing 105 to gain) and can be closed by means of the housing cover (not shown here), with a specially shaped inside of the cover side to the inside into or onto the base side G , ie here on the plane of the drawing, of the housing body 106 shows.

Relative directional information such as “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “side”, “frontal”, “bottom”, “longitudinal” etc. relate to the respective representation in the figure (s) in question (en).

The case 105 includes a circumferential outer wall 108 through the outer walls of the housing body 106 and the housing cover 107 is defined. Further details of the surrounding outer wall 108 follow in the further course.

To simplify the description, the axis that runs centrally through the housing is used 5 , 105 , 605 , 705 , especially in the gradient layer VE of the parallel path 50 of the head 130 , parallel to the two long sides L. runs, central axis MA called. The case 105 is namely constructed so that a longitudinal section along the central axis MA parallel to the long sides L. of the housing 105 would result in two symmetrical, elongated halves. Incidentally, this also applies to the housing 5 , 605 of the other embodiments. Only the case 705 (please refer 14th and 16 to 19th ) is due to the diagonal arrangement of the branch points AZ of the parallel path 50 from the first path 40 (in the form of connectors 38 ' ) only partially symmetrical or parts are also point-symmetrical relative to a central point on the central axis MA educated.

The housing body 106 , as in 1 can be seen, is therefore symmetrically shaped and has in its interior - like the other basic housing bodies 6, 606, 706 - roughly described several separate chambers or areas, which are mainly closed here on the base.

The (housing) areas already listed above are arranged as follows: The release space 115 is on one (the front) face S. arranged. In the direction of the other, opposite (the rear) end face S ' the two elongated, cuboid-shaped arc extinguishing chambers are connected to each of these in the edge area 120 at. These are each in the form of an essentially cuboid strip or channel only on the inside along the circumferential outer wall 108 of the housing body 106 arranged or formed.

Starting from the release space 115 extends to the rear face S ' opposite the release area 115 , in the middle between the arc extinguishing chambers 120 the separation actuator chamber 17th .

Beyond the arc chambers 120 on the release area 115 facing away is in the long sides L. each in a section near the end face S ' of Housing body 106 an outer wall slot 12a , 12b in the surrounding outer wall 108 . Through these outer wall slots 12a , 12b the connection contacts mentioned above run in each case 33a , 33b out of the case 105 addition, so that the safety device 1 , 100 to interrupt an electrical connection V in operation, as shown in 20th is shown can be connected in series in an existing electrical circuit.

The separation actuator chamber 17th is along the base G the inside of the housing is designed with an upwardly open, "semicircular" recess. This recess in the form of a "negative model" of the separation actuator 60 forms one half of a separation actuator bearing (which is in 1 through the isolating actuator 60 is covered), in which the isolating actuator 60 is stably stored and held in place.

The isolating actuator chamber is along its long sides 17th with suitably shaped inner walls 10a , 10b educated. "Shaped to fit" here means that the walls on the inside are up to about half the height - that is, half of the longer cross-sectional side of the conductor 130 here in 1 out of the plane of the drawing - the aforementioned semicircular depression in the form of a negative model of the separating actuator 60 form. In addition, “appropriately shaped” means that in each case the upper half of the inner sides of the isolating actuator chamber 17th - in the form of the inner walls 10a , 10b - run straight up and parallel to the long sides L. of the housing 105 are trained. This achieves, as will be explained later, that a corresponding “negative model” of the isolating actuator 60 , ie the other half of the separation actuator bearing, on the inside of the cover of the cover side can be fitted accordingly when the housing 105 is closed by means of the housing cover.

The isolating actuator chamber is on both of its front sides 17th designed to be open and only becomes available through the installation of the isolating actuator described later 60 as well as the printing plate 180 locked. I. E. on the rear face S ' there is a semicircular, upward (in the direction out of the plane of the drawing) opening in the surrounding outer wall 108 of the housing body 106 , in which, as will be explained later, in the assembled state of the isolating actuator 60 , as in 1 shown, a breechblock 65 of the separation actuator 60 sits. On its other end face on the inside of the housing in an area between the two elongated arc extinguishing chambers 120 it is open to the release space 115 .

The release space 115 is otherwise, ie on the other sides on which the separation actuator chamber is not 17th adjoins, all around by the surrounding outer wall 108 of the housing 105 enclosed, as in particular in 1 you can see.

The release space 115 is through two (relatively short) passage walls 11 each opposite the arc extinguishing chambers 120 severed. The passage walls 11 are in an edge region on or near the circumferential outer wall 108 each with in shape and size to the conductor 130 adapted slots formed in the assembled state of the ladder 130 , as in 1 can be seen (from above) is inserted. The passage walls 11 run along a plane perpendicular to the central axis MA parallel to the front face S. of the housing body 106 and each extend between the circumferential outer wall 108 and the front opening between the release space 115 and separation actuator chamber 17th .

The basic side G of the release space 115 is with inside, slightly raised, regularly arranged side by side guide bars 116 designed, each parallel to the central axis MA run away. They are used to guide a pressure plate 180 (which as explained later is the tear-off part 32 of the head 130 holds) so that the pressure plate 180 during the tear-off movement (see sequence of 2 and 3 ) less contact area to the base G and therefore less frictional resistance or sliding friction between the housing 105 and pressure plate 180 consists.

With regard to the separation actuator chamber 17th is the head 130 , especially the first path 40 of the head 130 by a straight outer side of the longitudinal inner walls 10a , 10b the separation actuator chamber 17th severed. These interior walls 10a , 10b showing the separation actuator chamber 17th limit on the two long sides, together with to form the arc extinguishing chambers 120 pointing, parallel walls 9a , 9b one through-channel each for the first path 40 of the head 130 between the separation actuator chamber 17th and the arc chambers 120 . In the area or at the level of the housing 105 Connection contacts protruding laterally on the long sides 33a , 33b are the inner walls 10a , 10b each slightly outwards (from the central axis MA away) offset, creating a step. I. E. the distance between the two inner walls 10a , 10b at the level of the connection contacts 33a , 33b is slightly larger than the distance between the inner walls 10a , 10b in the area of the arc chambers 120 .

Due to the slight offset of the inner walls 10a , 10b towards the outer wall slots 12a , 12b at the level of the connection contacts 33a , 33b is used for "semicircular" recesses in the housing body 106 and space for corresponding “semicircular” recesses in the housing cover created, in the recesses of the housing body 106 a "circular" projection 66 of the separation actuator 60 sits.

As already explained above in the context of the other areas or chambers, the two arc extinguishing chambers result accordingly 120 from the respective (outside) walls 9a , 9b of the through channel for the first path 40 of the head 130 , the through walls 11 and two longitudinal parallel sections of the outer walls 108 each of the walls 9a , 9b lie opposite.

So that the slots in the passage walls 11 are sufficiently tightly sealed, in the end-face passage walls 11 at the entry points E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 each seals 71 arranged. This is explained in more detail below. The arc extinguishing chambers 120 are only closed at the top by putting on and fixing the housing cover in a final assembly step and thus ideally completely sealed, as is the case, for example, on the basis of the housing cover 707 of a seventh embodiment of the safety device 700 in 16 is shown.

The four passage walls 11 through which the ladder 130 the arc chambers 120 enters or leaves, each have wall sections that are like a bung 72 for a positive connection with the respective seal 71 to serve. The bung 72 results here in each case from a form-fitting connection through grooves 73 and feathers 74 of the seals 71 and correspondingly designed passage walls 11.

In the 1 shown, in the housing body 106 at the entry points E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 of the parallel path 50 into the arc chambers 120 mounted seals 71 will be in 8th shown in detail. They are each with a through opening 75 formed through which the parallel path in each case in the assembled state 50 runs. These through openings 75 are with a clear measure 78 designed, the corresponding external dimensions of the cross-section of the conductor path 50 is adapted. This allows the conductor path 50 relative to poetry 71 are just moved along its course, but is otherwise in its course direction with respect to the surroundings of the arc extinguishing chamber 120 sealed or tight.

When the seal 71 For example, it is made in one piece, it is by means of pushing or pulling accordingly on the conductor path 50 positioned so that there is a seal in each case in the assembled position 71 at the entry points E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 the arc chambers 120 is located.

If it should be desired that the seal 71 consists of two or more parts, since it is, for example, more advantageous in terms of production or assembly, it is preferably applied from above and below or from the side at the entry points E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 the arc chamber 120 on the ladder path 50 of the head 130 put together before the head 130 As will be explained later, in a process step of assembly or production from above into the housing base body 106 is used.

Alternatively, the parallel path 50 z. B. also in an injection molding process with a crosslinked polymer, e.g. B. styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), fluoropolymer rubber (FKM), butadiene rubber (BR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM ), Ethylene acrylate rubber (AEM), perfluoroelastomers (FFKM), to form a seal each 71 in the right places E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 be encapsulated or it could be a seal in a 2K injection molding process 71 In-situ on the housing 105 be injected.

As in particular in 1 can be seen is between the isolating actuator 60 and the transom 32b of the tear-off part 32 the already mentioned printing plate 180 arranged. The pressure plate 180 as in 1 can be seen is essentially plate-shaped and to the dimensions of the cross section of the first path 40 customized. As the term “pressure plate” implies, the pressure plate serves 180 in addition, at least a part directly, in this case the tear-off part 32 of the first path 40 to push away. So that the pressure plate 180 through the isolating actuator 60 pressure exerted on them as intended on the tear-off part 32 of the first path 40 can transmit, comprise the two end faces of the pressure plate 180 that the tear-off part 32 of the ladder path 40 or the isolating actuator 60 are assigned, in each case suitable connecting elements 181 , 83 as well as a “pen” that cannot be recognized here.

On the isolating actuator 60 associated face of the pressure plate 180 the mentioned, cylindrical pin is therefore arranged centrally, which is inserted into an end-face bore which will be explained further below 67 of the bolt 61 of the separation actuator 60 takes effect (see a variant of this in 9 ). This serves together with a ring-shaped or collar-shaped coupling element protruding at a small distance around the pin and consequently covering the inner pin 181 as a connecting element between the pressure plate 180 and a bolt 61 or pin 61 of the separation actuator 60 . In the case of a one-piece component made from a pressure plate 180 and bolts 61 could of course on the pin as well as the coupling element 181 be waived. The coupling element could also 181 as well on bolt 61 be trained. It could also, for example, instead of a bolt 61 with a hole on the face 67 also a hollow cylinder as a bolt 61 be used.

On the to the ladder 130 facing face of the pressure plate 180 instructs the pressure plate 180 a “guide hole” 83, which is a kind of “notch” in the surface of the printing plate 180 in the direction of the separation actuator 60 represents. The guide hole 83 takes from the outside, ie on one of the isolating actuator 60 groundbreaking side, the guide nose 36 on, which, as described above, is centered between the two longitudinal legs of the first path 40 in the connecting, closed end face, i.e. in the tear-off part 32 , especially in the crossbeam 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the first path 40 is incorporated. This is when the separation actuator is triggered 60 an intended power transmission of the pressure of the separation actuator 60 over the pressure plate 180 on the first path 40 and then - after, for example, the minimum distance between the crossbeams 32b of the first path 40 and the transom 32b of the parallel path 50 is overcome - on the parallel path 50 guaranteed.

The pyrotechnic isolating actuator already mentioned several times 60 , for example in 1 in the starting position P1 , in 2 in a tripped state in an intermediate position and in 3 in a tripped state in the disconnected position P2 the safety device 100 is shown, is initially based on a longitudinal section through its longitudinal extent in the starting position P1 as detailed in 9 is shown, described in more detail.

The separation actuator 60 shows here as the "housing" an elongated, hollow, cylindrical sleeve 64 with two open end faces and a total of two different inside diameters. On one face (in 9 Left; in the following "rear face" or rear) is the sleeve 64 with a locking piece 65 locked. Before that, in the direction of the other, "front" face or front face (in 9 right; in the following also referred to as the “muzzle area”), there is an ignition device 62 and before that again (optional) a propellant 63 ' that is in a propellant chamber 63 is located. There is a bolt in front of it 61 , which when the propellant is triggered 63 ' from the front, open end of the sleeve 64 is to be shot out explosively with a front section (see the position of the bolt 61 in a among others in 10 shown disconnected position P2 ) to the ladder paths 40 , 50 of the head 130 to be torn off or separated one after the other with a time delay as described above (see the corresponding positions of the first path in this regard 40 and the parallel path 50 of the head 130 in the 2 and 3 ). Depending on the type of ignition device selected 62 can do this without an additional propellant 63 ' enough to get the bolt 61 shoot out, z. B. if this itself contains an integrated propellant.

For this purpose, the bolt 61 on its back, to the propellant 63 ' facing end a piston portion D1 on, its outer diameter k exactly to an inside diameter H the sleeve 64 is adjusted so that the effect of the propellant charge 63 ' on the bolt as best as possible 61 is transferred when the propellant 63 ' is ignited.

In the further course, starting from the piston section D1 to the mouth of the sleeve 64 indicates the bolt 61 three more sections D2 , D3 , D4 with partly different outside diameters e , r , e on. To the piston section D1 with the outside diameter k a piston-side sealing section closes D2 with a first outside diameter e , then a middle section D3 with one opposite the first outer diameter e reduced, second outer diameter r and finally a sealing section on the mouth side D4 , again with the first outside diameter e at. The first outside diameter e of the piston-side sealing section D2 and the mouth-side sealing section D4 is on a reduced inner diameter m , also called the mouth diameter, of the sleeve 64 adjusted in the mouth area.

This ensures that the mouth of the sleeve 64 in the starting position P1 (please refer 9 ) through the sealing section on the mouth side D4 and in the disconnected position P2 (please refer 10 ) through the piston-side sealing section D2 is sealed as tightly as possible.

Due to the reduced outer diameter r in the middle section D3 it is nevertheless ensured that while the bolt is being fired 61 the friction between bolts 61 and mouth does not matter.

The narrowed mouth in relation to the outside diameter k of the piston section D1 of the bolt 61 makes sure the bolt 61 in a proper condition in no case entirely through the mouth of the case 64 can be shot. The outside diameter k of the bolt 61 Incidentally, does not fall abruptly or abruptly on the outer diameter e but runs conically to the smaller outer diameter e of the bolt 61 to, corresponding to the "transition" from the inside diameter H to the mouth diameter m the sleeve 64 like this in 9 and 10 can be seen. This will make the bolt 61 when reaching the disconnected position P2 braked or dampened.

At the front end of the bolt 61 is a hole on the face 67 or a hole 67 incorporated in the middle. To this hole 67 is the above-mentioned non-recognizable pin of the separating element or the pressure plate 180 adapted to the pressure plate 180 safe with the bolt 61 to pair.

3 shows, as already mentioned, the ideal state of a tripped safety device 100 in the disconnected position P2 after the separation movement or tear-off movement. Here you can see particularly well how the tear-off part 32 of the parallel path 50 to the invariant ladder part 31 , in a final separation distance, which is significantly larger than the minimum separation distance, in a release space 115 is arranged. However, there is still at least one at the second setpoint separation points 52 torn off, intended breakage-side end section 32a of the tear-off part 32 of the parallel path 50 inside the arc chambers 120 . This can already cause a potential arc within an arc extinguishing chamber 120 remains. In addition, this is also located in the arc extinguishing chambers 120 existing extinguishing material 24 (in 3 therefore no longer explicitly shown) between the two end sections on the intended breakage side 32a and the respective "stubs" of the invariant part of the ladder 31 of the parallel path 50 . The extinguishing material 24 has therefore possibly contributed to the extinction of an arc not shown here. As can also be seen here, the two are also at the first target separation points 42 separate ladder sections 31 , 32 of the first path 40 sufficiently far - in particular significantly further than the interim minimum separation distance when the parallel path is torn off after a delay 50 - separated from each other.

• Zunächst wird die Führungsnase 36 des Leiters 130 in das entsprechende Führungsloch 83 der Druckplatte 80 eingesetzt. Im Falle eines einstückigen Bauteils aus Druckplatte 180 und Bolzen 61 entfällt dieser Montageschritt, wobei anstatt dessen der Trennaktor 60 mit Bolzen 61 und Druckplatte 180 eingesetzt werden würde. Daraufhin wird der elektrische Leiter 130 an den zuvor beschriebenen Stellen mit Dichtungen 71 versehen. Hinten auf die Druckplatte 180 wird innenseitig zwischen den beiden Schenkeln des Leiters 130 ferner der fertige Trennaktor 60 montiert bzw. aufgesteckt. Die derart verbundenen Komponenten werden schließlich von oben (senkrecht zur Verlaufsebene VE) passgenau in den Gehäusegrundkörper 106 des Gehäuses 105 eingesetzt, so dass die Verlaufsebene VE des Parallelpfads 50 im Wesentlichen mittig durch die längere Querschnittsseite parallel zur kürzeren Querschnittsseite des Parallelpfads 50 entlang der Längserstreckung der Lichtbogenlöschkammern 120 angeordnet ist bzw. verläuft. Die Sicherungsvorrichtung 100 weist dann den in 1 dargestellten Zustand in der Ausgangsstellung P1 auf. Folglich werden die beiden sich daraus ergebenden Lichtbogenlöschkammern 120, welche bis auf die beiden Abreiß-Abschnitte 51a, 51b des Parallelpfads 50 selbst leer waren, mit dem Löschmaterial 24 vollständig bis auf die Höhe - welche normal zur Verlaufsebene VE orientiert ist - der umlaufenden Randkante aufgefüllt.

An assembly of the individual components described in the housing body 106 to the in 1 illustrated structure can, for. B. be carried out as follows:

• First is the guide nose 36 of the head 130 into the corresponding guide hole 83 the printing plate 80 used. In the case of a one-piece component made from a pressure plate 180 and bolts 61 this assembly step is omitted, with the isolating actuator instead 60 with bolts 61 and pressure plate 180 would be used. It then becomes the electrical conductor 130 at the points described above with seals 71 Mistake. On the back of the pressure plate 180 is on the inside between the two legs of the conductor 130 also the finished isolating actuator 60 mounted or attached. The components connected in this way are finally from above (perpendicular to the course plane VE ) fits precisely into the housing body 106 of the housing 105 inserted so that the gradient layer VE of the parallel path 50 essentially centrally through the longer cross-sectional side parallel to the shorter cross-sectional side of the parallel path 50 along the longitudinal extension of the arc extinguishing chambers 120 is arranged or runs. The safety device 100 then assigns the in 1 shown state in the starting position P1 on. Consequently, the two resulting arcing chambers become 120 which except for the two tear-off sections 51a , 51b of the parallel path 50 themselves were empty, with the extinguishing material 24 completely up to the height - which is normal to the gradient plane VE is oriented - the peripheral edge is filled.

As for this example and representative in 16 is shown on the basis of a seventh exemplary embodiment, all components in the housing base body can be in the fully assembled state 706 the safety device 700 this finally with the housing cover 707 be locked. The inside of the housing cover is used for this purpose 707 on the housing body 706 assembled. The housing body 706 as well as the housing cover 707 engage each other exactly with the above-mentioned circumferential edges, so that an exact fit results that the housing 705 sufficiently close to the surroundings of the safety device 700 seals. The safety device is then ready to be installed or mounted, for example, in an electrically operated vehicle. Here are the housing body 706 and the housing cover 707 about the same size. Therefore, it can simply be two halves of the housing.

Based on 4th to 7th In the following, further preferred exemplary embodiments for possible shapes of conductors will now be described 230 , 330 , 430 , 530 described in a security device according to the invention 1 can be used. The other components of the safety device in question 1 can then be designed predominantly the same or at least similar to the first exemplary embodiment of the safety device 100 , wherein the housing and the pressure plate as a transition element to the isolating actuator in each case to the changed shape of the conductor 230 , 330 , 430 , 530 is adjusted. The fifth embodiment according to 7th shows as an example in addition to the ladder 530 the isolating actuator 60 and one accordingly to the head 530 adapted pressure plate 580 to the interaction between separation actuator 60 , Printing plate 580 and ladder 530 to be presented here more understandably.

This in 4th illustrated embodiment of a conductor 230 for a safety device according to the invention 1 has a first path 40 on, although essentially the first path 40 of the head 130 of the first embodiment 1 corresponds, but now with a modified parallel path 50 is trained. Here is the first path 40 only instead of the in 1 stepped bends 31a of the first path 40 each simply from the direction of the connection contacts 33a , 33b by 90 ° in the direction of the main course direction HVR of the head 230 bent. For this purpose, the crossbeam runs again - as in the first exemplary embodiment 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the parallel path 50 in at least the above-mentioned minimum distance to the crossbeam 32b of the first path 40 so anyway the parallel path 50 delayed after the separation of the first path 40 is separated. The minimum distance is preferably selected to be at least large enough that at least a predetermined minimum separation distance, that is to say the spatial offset, in the first path up to the time-delayed separation 40 is achieved.

During the first path 40 can specifically be made of copper, as is also the case in 1 is preferably the case, is the parallel path 50 of the head 230 here, however, for example, formed with aluminum, so that a different specific electrical resistance in the two paths 40 , 50 is present.

The design and shape of the parallel path 50 of the head 230 is here, as mentioned, essentially the same as that of the parallel path 50 of the in 1 previously shown conductor 130 . Shown here in a perspective view, however, is better than in the top view in 1 to recognize how the second target separation points 52 in the parallel path 50 in the same way as described above with cross-sectional constrictions 35 are weakened. They extend perpendicular to the direction of the parallel path 50 over its entire shorter cross-sectional side and thus shorten in the area of the second intended separation point 52 the longer cross-section side of the parallel path 50 . This longitudinal incision already described above in the main course direction HVR of the parallel path 50 thus ensures targeted tearing in the area of this weakening, but in particular also in the case of aluminum.

5 shows a further embodiment of an electrical conductor 330 for a safety device according to the invention. This differs from the ladders described above 130 , 230 mainly due to a shape that is simplified at least in sections (without connecting webs 38 and spacers 39 , but with stepped bends 31a ) of the first path 40 , one at the branch points AZ adapted shape of the parallel path 50 and through different first and second target separation points 42 , 52 . Here, too, the predetermined minimum distance between the crossbeams is preferably again 32b chosen so large that at least a desired minimum separation distance between the separated conductor path ends in the first path 40 is achieved.

As an adaptation of the branch points AZ of the parallel path 50 from the first path 40 instructs the head 330 one in the area of the connection contacts 33a , 33b or at the branch points AZ duplicated, continuously from the first to the second connection contact 33a , 33b running, essentially Ω-shaped parallel path 50 on, the one constant, relative to the first path 40 has a thinner cross-section. At the branch points AZ at those at the head 130 of the first embodiment after 1 to 3 the connecting webs 38 for the parallel path 50 from the first path 40 stand out - to each of the parallel paths 50 to be connected - there are only the two bends stepped inwards towards the isolating actuator 31a . As mentioned above, the projection of the separating actuator (not shown here) can in turn be arranged in these. The parallel path is in the assembled state 50 arranged in such a way that it is at least parallel to the main course direction HVR of the head 330 running portions of the stepped bends 31a on the first path 40 is applied. Because of the bends that are stepped inwards (towards the isolating actuator, not shown here) 31a of the first path 40 of the head 330 (as with the leader 130 ) it is also ensured that, as mentioned above, a suitable distance perpendicular to the main course direction is taken up with the projection of the separating actuator HVR between the first path 40 and the parallel path 50 arises.

The aforementioned distance creates space for the arc extinguishing chambers 120 who like z. B. 1 shows a section of the parallel path 50 include.

Such a parallel path 50 can as well as the first path 40 of the head 330 If this appears favorable due to the manufacturing process, they are accordingly bent or manufactured separately from an independent flat wire and only when the assembly is carried out with the first path 40 connected and / or can if necessary in the housing body on the first path 40 to be ordered.

As mentioned earlier, the ladder is different 330 of the two previously described exemplary embodiments furthermore in that the two parallel legs of the first path 40 of the head 330 each at a point near the stepped bend 31a to the connection contacts 33a , 33b in the form of a first target separation point 52 , here specifically a perforation line 52 are weakened. The two parallel legs of the parallel path also have the same 50 of the head 330 one such perforation line in each case 52 near the connection contacts 33a , 33b . The perforation line 52 extends here perpendicular to the course direction of the parallel path 50 over its entire longer cross-sectional side between the two edges of the shorter cross-sectional side. The perforation line 52 starts or ends at the edge of the parallel path 50 each with an indentation, e.g. B. with a semicircular indentation.

Immediately before or immediately after the two parallel perforation lines 52 in the course of the first path 40 of the head 330 there are diamond-shaped breakthroughs each with a point pointing upwards 34 in the first path 40 in turn closer to one end of the perforation line 52 are arranged. (You are here in the in 5 The example shown is closer to the upper end, but could just as easily be closer to the other, lower end of the perforation line 52 be arranged.) Their maximum extent is in this case less than half of the longer cross-sectional side of the first path 40 . They serve to tear down the perforation line 52 , in particular from the opposite, more distant, shorter cross-sectional side to favor.

In a further preferred embodiment of a conductor 430 according to 6th for a safety device according to the invention 1 includes the head 430 Paths that are connected in parallel and run in parallel only in the area of the legs 40 , 50 . The first path runs here 40 and the parallel path 50 namely in the area of the crossbeam 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the head 430 again in a common path. For stabilization and for a straight tear-off movement parallel to the main direction HVR of the head 430 is the parallel path 50 by means of cross struts (like the spacers 39 out 1 , but firmly connected here) at the transition between the legs and the crossbeam 32b of the tear-off part 32 relative to the first path 40 fixed and thus at the same time perpendicular to the main course direction HVR suitably spaced even during the tear-off movement.

At the branch points AZ of the parallel path 50 from the first path 40 - near the 90 ° bend from the connection contacts 33a , 33b to the U-legs - there are "serpentine" folds here 453 or expansion points 453 in the course of the parallel path 50 that unfold in a straight line under tension and thus functionally an extension of the parallel path 50 mean. This ensures that the head 430 under tension in the event of a triggering essentially corresponding 1 arranged separation actuator 60 first in the first path 40 and then with a time delay in the parallel path 50 breaks off, although the isolating actuator (not shown in the figure) simultaneously on the first path when triggered 40 and the parallel path 50 works.

Instead of a snake-like fold in sections in the form of the folds 453 of the parallel path 50 , the parallel path can 50 of the head 430 also be designed to be plastically deformable in another way in order to achieve the time delay of the separation.

This in 7th The fifth embodiment shown shows a conductor 530 for a safety device according to the invention 1 , which is relative to an isolating actuator 60 with a pressure plate mounted on it 580 is arranged.

The head 530 here comprises a first path divided into two identical, halved paths 40 . This split first path 40 extends "U-shaped" between the two connection contacts 33a , 33b , however, is relative to the “U-shaped” parallel path 50 shortened trained. To ensure here that the split first path 40 essentially simultaneously to each other at its four first target separation points 42 tears off, - each with two target separation points 42 parallel to one another and geometrically next to one another in each of the first two paths 40 are arranged - are the first two paths 40 on both sides around the main course HVR extending separation actuator 60 guided or arranged. I. E. a transom 32b of the first path 40 runs below (here further back in the plane of the drawing) essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the separating actuator 60 through it and a second crossbeam 32b of the first path 40 runs above the separation actuator 60 (here further forward in the plane of the drawing) across the top. One from the front (i.e. here in 7th from bottom right to top left) like a kind of "overcap" over the actuator 60 pushed, appropriately designed pressure plate 530 has two hooks on the top and bottom at its rear end 586 that these two are perpendicular to the isolating actuator 60 running crossbar 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the first path 40 so "reach behind" that when the disconnection actuator is triggered 60 at least this crossbeam 32b of the split first path 40 be carried away or torn off.

The parallel path 50 of the head 530 runs parallel to the course plane VE in the middle between the two divided first paths 40 U-shaped around a "front" of the isolating actuator 60 or the pressure plate 580 around. Between the crossbeam 32b of the parallel path 50 and the front of the printing plate 580 is in an initial position P1 there is a minimum clearance, as shown in 7th can be seen through which the isolating actuator 60 or the pressure plate 580 after tearing off at the first predetermined separation points 42 of the first path 40 only with a time delay and thus in particular spatially offset on this same crossbeam 32b of the parallel path 50 meets. After the printing plate 580 occurs, it tears by the action of the separation actuator 60 then also the Parallel path 50 of the head 580 with it and moves it into a separate position P2 off, so that between the invariant ladder part 31 and the end sections intended to be ruptured 32a of the tear-off part 32 in both paths 40 , 50 there is at least one minimum separation distance in each case, the separation distance in the main course direction HVR in the main path 40 larger than in the side path 50 is.

Based on 11 to 13th and FIGS. 14 to 19, two further preferred exemplary embodiments will now be described below.

The safety device 600 of the sixth embodiment is in different functional positions in each case 11 to 13th shown in a schematic plan view and the safety device 700 the seventh embodiment is, inter alia, each in different functional positions P1 , P2 and / or from different directions in the 14th to 19th shown in perspective views.

All of these figures are concept drawings in which e.g. In some cases, more precise details have been dispensed with in order to focus on the special training courses. Details such as those in 1 shown can of course also be provided in reality in these preferred exemplary embodiments. In particular, the housing is also in each case 605 , 705 with the arc chambers 620 , 720 , as well as the head 630 , 730 themselves, each only shown simply. For example, the first target separation points 42 of the head 730 in 14th Marked only by a single line, which is a "dividing line" along the first nominal dividing point 42 Are defined. In addition, the arc chambers 720 z. B. also, as described above, a form fit with the parallel path in the area of the passage walls 50 Form arranged seals. In reality, these exemplary embodiments (apart from the modifications specifically described in each case) could namely be constructed in a similar manner or in part with identical components as that based on FIG 1 to 3 and 8th to 10 embodiment described in more detail.

The in the 11 to 19th shown two embodiments of the safety device according to the invention 600 , 700 what is also common is that they each have an electrical conductor 630 , 730 with a first path 40 have, which is straight in about the middle through the housing 605 , 705 runs. I. E. the main path 40 of the head 630 , 730 is not bent or shaped elaborately here.

11 shows a plan view of the course plane VE of the head 630 of the sixth embodiment. As can be seen here, the ladder is kicking 630 through the two long sides L. the surrounding outer wall 608 of the housing 605 (here left and right) in the housing body 606 one, being the first path 40 and the parallel path 50 here, in contrast to the seventh exemplary embodiment described below, always essentially in the course plane VE run away.

In the embodiment according to 11 is the course of the parallel path 50 of the head 630 Essentially designed like a curved “W”, which is manufactured from a continuous part and with at least two second target separation points 52 is trained. Close to the connection contacts 33a , 33b , each shortly after the head of the company has entered 630 in the housing 605 , the parallel path branches off 50 each at a junction AZ from the first path 40 with one connector each 38 ' from and runs on the respective inner sides of the circumferential outer wall 108 along the opposite long sides L. of the housing body 606 to the rear face S ' of the housing 605 . The entry of the head 630 in the housing 605 or the housing body 606 is also carried out as described above through slots in the outer wall 12a , 12b which, however, are located along the long side in small "aisles" on the long sides L. the surrounding outer wall 608 of the housing body 606 are located. The two “outer” legs of the W of the secondary path 50 then go towards the front face after two 90 ° bends in quick succession S. into the two "inner" legs of the W, which run antiparallel to the "outer" legs of the W. The "inner" legs of the W of the minor path 50 run through the two parallel to the central axis MA aligned arc chambers 620 , with the arc chambers 620 each between the center parallel to the two long sides L. arranged isolating actuator 60 and the respective outer leg of the W of the parallel path 50 are arranged. After passing through the arc-extinguishing chambers on both sides 620 the two symmetrically described parts of the parallel path run 50 at approx. 45 ° transversely to the main course direction HVR almost in the middle and are at the end by a perpendicular to the main course direction HVR running section, in the following also as a crossbeam 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the parallel path, connected.

A time-delayed separation of the first path 40 before the parallel path 50 To achieve this embodiment includes a special pressure plate 680 (which can also be referred to as a “pressure piece” due to its more complex shape) with a first, front conductor path contact surface 687 , a second, rear conductive path pad 689 and one of the two conductor path pads 687 , 689 here in 11 Firmly connecting at the top bridge 688 . The front conductor path pad 687 denotes here the closer to the front face S. of the housing body 606 located, the first path 40 facing, here in the plane of the drawing and parallel to the first path 40 running, front printing area 687 the printing plate 680 . The printing area 687 is displayed immediately after the disconnection actuator has been triggered 60 (with a time sequence of the 11 to 13th immediately after 11 but before a first intermediate position according to 12th ) with the one between the first target separation points 42 crossbeams to be punched out 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the first path 40 in contact. The rear conductor path pad 689 that forms or represents a kind of "hook" that forms the parallel path 50 later with you in the release room 615 tears is in a starting position P1 (please refer 11 ) before the disconnection actuator is triggered 60 - in order to separate the parallel path 50 a desired minimum separation distance in the first path 40 between the conductor path ends to be separated - at a minimum distance (in the main course direction HVR ) to the above-mentioned crossbeam 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the parallel path 50 spaced apart. In addition, it is perpendicular to the main course direction HVR shorter than the front conductor path pad 687 , ie it has from left to right according to 11 only the length of the said crossbeam 32b of the parallel path 50 . The said bridge 688 connects the conductor path pads 687 , 689 advantageously so that the one with the printing plate 680 coupled isolating actuator 60 during assembly after inserting the entire conductor 630 , so both ladder paths 40 , 50 , from above, ie here in the direction of the plane of the drawing, can be used in a simple, uncomplicated manner. It is so designed and arranged that the parallel path 50 between the two conductor path pads 687 , 689 under the connecting bridge 688 can pass through, but the two conductor path contact surfaces 687 , 689 move at the same time according to construction

The described design of the pressure plate 680 thus ensures that the isolating actuator 60 in coupled, z. B. mated, state with the pressure plate 680 first on the first path 40 acts, namely with the front conductor path contact surface 687 , and only with a time delay on the parallel path 50 , i.e. with the rear conductor path contact surface 689 .

Similar to the process in the 1 to 3 illustrated positions of the safety device according to the invention 100 shows, as mentioned, the sequence of figures in the 11 to 13th for the sixth exemplary embodiment, the sequence after the disconnection actuator has been triggered 60 .

In a starting position P1 the safety device 600 before the disconnection actuator is triggered 60 to 11 so is the pressure plate 680 with their front first conductor path contact surface 687 in the main course direction HVR immediately behind one between the first target separation points 42 crossbeams to be punched out 32b or tear-off part 32 of the first path 40 . The first target separation points 42 can here in the manner of a cross-sectional constriction as described above 35 be designed, which facilitates cutting through the conductor path at these points.

How then in 12th can be seen, there is the first path 40 of the head 630 by the action of the separation actuator 60 by means of the pressure plate 680 has already been severed or pierced, so that the connection in the first path 40 of the head 630 has already been interrupted and the electrical current only passes through the parallel path 50 flows. In this intermediate position after a first separation step, the disengaging, rear conductor path contact surface meets 689 the printing plate 680 straight onto the appropriately arranged (tear-off part 32 of the) parallel path (s) 50, in order to “hook in” or push it away - albeit with a time delay - and thus at the second desired separation points 52 the tear-off sections 51a , 51b inside the arc chambers 620 demolish.

13th finally shows the ideal state of a tripped safety device 600 in the disconnected position P2 in which the bolt 61 of the separation actuator 60 is fully disengaged so that each is between the separate ladder parts 31 , 32 , i.e. between the invariant part of the ladder 31 (ie between the short remaining "stubs" of the invariant part of the ladder 31 ) and the end sections on the intended fracture side 32a of the tear-off part 32 , has set at least a predetermined minimum separation distance, preferably a maximum separation distance, as will be explained further below for the mentioned, following exemplary embodiment.

That in the 14th to 19th The seventh exemplary embodiment shown differs from the sixth exemplary embodiment described above in particular in that the conductor 730 here through the base of the housing body 706 and the cover side of the housing cover into the housing 705 entry.

This is particularly good in the closed state of the housing 705 in 16 to see. As you can see here, this time it is actually a more “pear-shaped” case 705 , where the connection contacts 33a , 33b on top of one side of the cover D. as well as below on a base page G protrude.

As mentioned, the first path runs 40 also, as in the previous embodiment, straight through the housing 705 through, but here perpendicularly through the course plane VE . This is among other things in the 14th and 15th clearly visible. It should be noted that in this executive game, due to the different directions of the main path 40 and the minor path 50 the definitions of the gradient plane VE and the main course direction HVR on the tear-off sections 51a , 51b of the minor path 50 Respectively. The gradient layer VE so extends in all 14th to 19th in the direction of the main course HVR that is located in the arc-extinguishing chambers 720 located or at least in a fully assembled state located therein sections of the parallel path 50 .

• Er ist hier zunächst an zwei Abzweigstellen AZ mittels Anschlussstücken 38' oberhalb bzw. unterhalb der Verlaufsebene VE am geradlinig von oben nach unten durch das Gehäuse 705 verlaufenden ersten Pfad 40 befestigt. Beispielsweise kann der Parallelpfad 50 am ersten Pfad 40 an den Abzweigstellen AZ angeschweißt sein. Um den Parallelpfad 50 am Hauptpfad 40 zu befestigen, könnte auch der erste Pfad 40 Anschlussstege, ähnlich wie die oben erwähnten Anschlussstege 38 im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel, aufweisen, alternativ oder zusätzlich zu den Anschlusstücken 38' am Parallelpfad 50.

A simplified version of the pressure plate, among other things 780 (Explanation below) to enable - both a time-delayed separation of the first path 40 and the parallel path 50 to achieve in one movement and to achieve the most compact arrangement possible - is in the embodiment according to the 14th to 19th the parallel path 50 of the head 730 to the first path as follows 40 or to the isolating actuator 60 arranged:

• At first it is at two junctions AZ by means of connecting pieces 38 ' above or below the gradient level VE in a straight line from top to bottom through the housing 705 trending first path 40 attached. For example, the parallel path 50 on the first path 40 at the branch points AZ be welded on. Around the parallel path 50 on the main path 40 to fortify could also be the first path 40 Connection bars, similar to the connection bars mentioned above 38 in the first exemplary embodiment, alternatively or in addition to the connecting pieces 38 ' on the parallel path 50 .

From the branch points AZ the parallel path runs off 50 each initially approximately parallel to the course plane VE from the main path 40 away, being the parallel path 50 with its flat side each one slightly inclined in the direction of the course plane VE Describes the tapering, “inclined plane”, each of which extends from the first path 40 to the rear face S ' of the housing 705 extends (see 14th and 15th ). There just before the outside wall 708 the rear face S ' the parallel path dives 50 after a 90 ° bend downwards or upwards into the course level VE one and is briefly with its flat side parallel to the frontal outer wall 708 arranged. In the further course is the parallel path 50 each so wound, ie bent twice one after the other by 90 °, that it is in the following with its flat side parallel to the two long sides L. of the housing 705 extends and thereby in each case by 180 ° in the direction of the front end face S. , i.e. in the main direction of the course HVR , in the respective arc quenching chamber 720 runs. The arc extinguishing chambers 720 are also in this exemplary embodiment on the outside next to and parallel to the isolating actuator 60 near the surrounding outer wall 708 arranged.

After passing through the arc-extinguishing chambers on both sides 620 the two parts of the parallel path that are described symmetrically - in and of themselves rather point-symmetrically to the plane of the course - are described 50 at approx. 45 ° transversely to the main course direction HVR almost in the middle between the front face S. of the housing 705 and the first path 40 together and are at the end by a perpendicular to the main course direction HVR running section connected the length of the longer cross-sectional side of the first path. Thereby the parallel path 50 in a kind of "loop" with a minimum distance to the first path 40 around the first path 40 out, so that when the separation actuator is triggered 60 the isolating actuator 60 or the pressure plate 780 on the first path 40 and only then with a time delay onto the parallel path 50 works. In this way, there is again the risk of an arc being formed on the separated conductor parts 31 , 32 of the first path 40 reduced.

Here is the parallel path 50 for reasons of space at least in the course through the arc extinguishing chambers 720 as well as in the release area 715 with its flat side, as mentioned above, perpendicular to the course plane VE oriented or arranged.

15th shows a rear view of the isolating actuator 60 how he is relative to the first path 40 and to the parallel path 50 of the head 730 is arranged. It is particularly easy to see here how the connection pieces 38 ' of the parallel path 50 above or below the gradient level VE at the branch points AZ from the first path 40 branch off, in the following into the course level VE immerse and run slightly obliquely outward in the direction of the corner points between the longitudinal sides and the rear end face (ie here approximately in the direction out of the plane of the drawing) of the housing, not shown here. Before the parallel path in each case reaches the rear end face, it is bent or wound three times in succession by 90 ° in such a way that it enters the plane of the course VE , in which the isolating actuator 60 extends, immersed and in this parallel to the isolating actuator 60 again towards the first path 40 runs back before he continues here behind the first path 40 converges.

Since the parallel path 50 of the head 730 As mentioned above, in each case - mainly for reasons of space - above or below the course level VE branches are, as in 16 you can see the base side G and the cover side D. of the housing 705 slightly "dented" outwards, so that they Connectors 38 ' at the branch points AZ of the parallel path 50 from the first path 40 still border.

Unlike the printing plates described above 580 , 680 of the fifth and sixth embodiment, the pressure plate 780 with this special training of the leader 730 simply on one of the first paths 40 facing side have a flat conductor path contact surface and does not require a complicated shape. The flat conductor path contact surface can be sized at the tear-off part to be punched out 32 of the first path 40 be adjusted. It is here simply via z. T. at an angle from the first path 40 groundbreaking, to the smaller coupling element for the isolating actuator 60 tapered struts 790 stabilized. These serve for the uniform transmission of force or pressure from the separating actuator to the, between two first setpoint separating points 42 located, first path 40 or later on the parallel path 50 .

How based on the sequence of 14th and 17th to 19th can be seen, the pressure plate lies 780 initially in the starting position P1 before the disconnection actuator is triggered 60 to 14th essentially on the part of the first path to be punched out 40 between the first two target separation points 42 at. Subsequently after the disconnection actuator has been triggered 60 is caused by an explosive disengagement of the bolt 61 of the separation actuator 60 - as is also the case above - the first path 40 through the conductor path contact area of the printing plate 780 at the first two target separation points 42 cut through or punched out and in the direction of the main course direction HVR to perpendicular to the main course direction HVR running section, i.e. to the crossbeam 32b of the tear-off part 32 , the parallel path 50 moved (see 17th ). In this in 17th The first intermediate position shown - in reality only an extremely short snapshot - is the electrical connection in the first path 40 interrupted as intended, with the entire current via the parallel path 50 flows, so there is no arcing when separating the first path 40 originated. As indicated, this is where the punched-out crossbeam meets 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the first path 40 on the crossbeam to be pushed away or torn off 32b of the tear-off part 32 of the parallel path 50 .

18th then shows a subsequent further snapshot of the separation process in a second intermediate position in which the parallel path 50 by another piece in the main direction of the course HVR has been disengaged, which is why the parallel path 50 at the second target separation points 52 the tear-off sections 51a , 51b (please refer 17th in intact condition) in the two with extinguishing material 24 filled arc chambers 720 is demolished. At this moment, an electric arc can possibly form, which, however, subsequently, in particular due to the extinguishing material 24 , in the context of the continuing disengaging movement or separating movement of the two ladder parts that are diverging from one another 32 , 31 is deleted.

19th finally shows the ideal state of a tripped safety device 700 in the disconnected position P2 , in which the intended break-side end sections 32a of the tear-off part 32 at a sufficiently large separation distance from the invariant part of the ladder 31 so that any arc that may have occurred is extinguished.

Finally, it is pointed out once again that the devices described in detail above are merely exemplary embodiments which can be modified in the most varied of ways by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the tear-off sections of the conductor could be located in an associated arc extinguishing chamber. Furthermore, the arc extinguishing chambers could be designed as chambers that can be used separately and each have their own outer walls. The housing could also be designed in such a way that the two connection contacts protrude on the rear end face, on which the closure piece of the isolating actuator is also located, so that the electrical conductor runs through the housing in a substantially U-shape. Furthermore, the special features of the modified preferred exemplary embodiments described above can also be combined with one another if necessary. In addition, the use of the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility that the relevant characteristics can also be present more than once.

List of reference symbols

1, 100, 500, 600, 700

Safety device

2

Battery storage system / accumulator / battery

3

Electric motor

5, 105, 605, 705

casing

9a, 9b

walls

10a, 10b

Interior walls

11a, 11b, 11c, 11d

Passage walls

12a, 12b

Outer wall slots

15, 115, 615, 715

Release space

17th

Separation Actuator Chamber

20, 120, 620, 720

Arc chamber

24

Extinguishing material

30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730

electrical conductor

31

invariant part of the ladder

31a

stepped bend

32

Tear-off part

32a

intended break-side end sections of the tear-off part

32b

Crossbar of the tear-off part

33a, 33b

Connection contacts

34

Breakthroughs

35

Cross-sectional constriction

36

Guide nose

38

Connecting webs

38 '

Connectors

39

Spacers

40

first path / main path

42

first target separation point / perforation line

50

Parallel path / side path

51a, 51b

Tear-off sections

52

second target separation point / perforation line

60

Isolating actuator

61

Bolt / pin

62

Ignition device

63

Propellant chamber

63 '

Propellant

64

Sleeve

65

Locking piece

66

Cantilever

67

Bore / hole

71

poetry

72

Form fit / bung

73

Groove

74

feathers

75

Through opening

78

clear measure

80, 180, 580, 680, 780

Separation element / pressure plate

83

Guide hole

106, 606, 706

Housing body

108, 608, 708

circumferential outer wall

116

Guide bars, on the bottom

181

Coupling element

453

Expansion points / folds

586

hook

687

first conductive path pad

688

bridge

689

second conductive path pad

707

Housing cover

790

Bracing

e

first outside diameter of the bolt

H

Inner diameter of the sleeve

k

Outside diameter of the bolt in the piston section

m

Inner diameter of the sleeve / mouth diameter

r

second outside diameter of the bolt

AS

Trigger signal

AZ

Junction points

D.

Cover side

D1

Piston section

D2

piston-side sealing section

D3

Middle section

D4

mouth-side sealing section

E1, E2, E3, E4

Entry points

G

Base side

HVR

Main course direction

L.

Long sides

MA

Central axis

P1

first position / starting position

P2

second position / disconnected position

S.

front face

S '

rear face

V

electrical connection

VE

Gradient layer

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2017/032362 A1 [0004]

Claims (15)

Safety device (1, 100, 500, 600, 700) for interrupting an electrical connection (V) with - An electrical conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) with at least one first connection contact (33a) and one second connection contact (33b) and at least one of the first and second connection contacts (33a, 33b) electrically connecting, first path (40) with at least one first intended separation point (42) to be interrupted, - A separating actuator (60), which is designed and arranged relative to the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730), around the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630 , 730) when the disconnection actuator (60) is triggered, at least at the first desired disconnection point (42), the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) at least one parallel path (50) with at least one second nominal separation point (52), which parallel path (50) electrically bridges a region of the first nominal separation point (42) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730), and is designed and arranged so that when the disconnection actuator (60) is triggered, a time delay after disconnection of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) at the first target disconnection point (42) in the first Path (40), preferably when a minimum separation distance is reached at the first desired separation point (42), the parallel path (50) is cut at the second desired separation point (52). Safety device according to Claim 1 , wherein the parallel path (50) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) has at least two tear-off sections (51a) to be interrupted, electrically connected in series, preferably arranged spatially next to one another, particularly preferably parallel , 51b). Safety device according to Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the first path (40) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) and the parallel path (50) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) have a different electrical resistance and / or a different conductor cross-section. Safety device according to Claim 3 wherein the first path (40) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) is a main path (40) and the parallel path (50) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430 , 530, 630, 730) forms a secondary path (50), the secondary path (50) having the higher electrical resistance and / or a smaller conductor cross-section in relation to the main path (40). A fuse device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first path (40) of the conductor (330) and the parallel path (50) of the conductor (330) have different materials. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first path (40) of the conductor (330) and the parallel path (50) of the conductor (330) have a different specific electrical resistance. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in each case at least - the first path (40) of the conductor (330) comprises copper or a copper alloy, - The parallel path (50) of the conductor (330) aluminum or an aluminum alloy includes, or the other way around. Securing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the parallel path (50) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) at least in the area of the second target separation point (52) through at least one, preferably opposite an environment sealed, arc extinguishing chamber (20, 120, 620, 720), in which an extinguishing material (24) is located. Securing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) is designed in the area of the first target separation point (42) so that the separation actuator (60) is first on the The first path (40) of the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 530, 630, 730) and later acts on the parallel path (50) and / or the parallel path (50) of the conductor (430) is at least partially plastically deformable . Fuse device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the conductor (530) has at least two parallel-connected, the first and second connection contacts (33a, 33b) electrically connecting, first paths (40) each with at least one first target separation point (42), which when the separating actuator (60) is triggered, they are cut through in time before the parallel path (50) and preferably substantially simultaneously with one another. Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first path (40) of the conductor (630, 730) is straight and / or wherein the first path (40) of the conductor (630, 730) at least in the area of the first nominal separation point ( 42) runs transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to at least one tear-off section (51a, 51b) of the parallel path (50), in which tear-off section (51a, 51b) there is a second predetermined separation point (52). Safety device according to one of the preceding claims, with a housing (5, 105, 605, 705), in which at least one of the following components is arranged, - an electrical conductor (30, 130, 630, 730), - a separating actuator (60), - a separating element (80, 180, 580, 680, 780), - at least one, preferably two, separate arc extinguishing chamber (s) (20, 120, 620, 720), - an extinguishing material (24), - at least one, preferably four seals (71). Method for producing a safety device (1, 100, 500, 600, 700) comprising at least the following steps: - Providing or producing an electrical conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) with at least one first connection contact (33a) and one second connection contact (33b) and at least one of the first and second connection contacts (33a, 33b) electrically connecting first path (40), wherein the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) has at least one first target separation point (42) to be interrupted and at least one parallel path (50) with at least has a second nominal separation point (52) through which parallel path (50) the first nominal separation point (42) is electrically bridged, - Providing or producing a separation actuator (60), - Arranging (or mounting / coupling) the isolating actuator (60) relative to the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) in such a way as to allow the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) when the separation actuator (60) is triggered, at least at the first desired separation point (42) and with a time delay, preferably when a minimum separation distance is reached at the first desired separation point (42), after Separating the conductor (30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730) to be cut at the second target separation point (52). Use of a safety device (1, 100, 500, 600, 700) according to one of the Claims 1 to 12th , in particular for interrupting an electrical connection (V) to a battery storage system (2) in an electrically operated vehicle. Vehicle with an electric motor (3) and a safety device (1, 100, 500, 600, 700) according to one of the Claims 1 to 12th .

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