EP3048626B1 - Switching device with permanent magnetic arc extinction - Google Patents

Switching device with permanent magnetic arc extinction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3048626B1
EP3048626B1 EP16000145.9A EP16000145A EP3048626B1 EP 3048626 B1 EP3048626 B1 EP 3048626B1 EP 16000145 A EP16000145 A EP 16000145A EP 3048626 B1 EP3048626 B1 EP 3048626B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
blow
contact
magnetic field
contact point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16000145.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3048626A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Kralik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaltbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Schaltbau GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaltbau GmbH filed Critical Schaltbau GmbH
Priority to EP16200162.2A priority Critical patent/EP3157032B1/en
Publication of EP3048626A1 publication Critical patent/EP3048626A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3048626B1 publication Critical patent/EP3048626B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • a generic switching device has, among other things, at least one contact point and one of the contact point associated with electric arc blowing device.
  • the arc blowing device comprises at least one blowing magnet for generating a magnetic blowing field.
  • the blower field is such that a switching arc arising when the contact point is opened is blown out of the contact point.
  • Such a switching device is for example off EP 2230678 A2 known. It is an arc-resistant contactor whose arc blowing device comprises both permanent magnets and electrically operated blow coils.
  • the use of blow coils to generate a magnetic blowing field usually means that the switching device is relatively heavy, large and also expensive to manufacture.
  • the blowing effect on the arc is dependent on the current, which leads to critical current ranges. Activation of the puff coils at the moment of switching requires additional expenses.
  • a switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1 is for example made US 2014/0360982 A1 known.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a switching device of the generic type, which ensures a reliable deletion of the switching arc regardless of the current direction and thereby has a simple and inexpensive construction.
  • the solution according to the invention has the advantage that the switching arc is always blown regardless of the current direction in the same direction from the housing of the switching device, so that only an arc quenching device is required to the switching arc to delete.
  • the magnetic blowing field can be generated purely permanent magnetic, so that can be completely dispensed with the use of heavy and expensive puffing.
  • the switching device according to the invention is characterized very compact. Of the Switching arc is formed in the middle of the transition region of the blower field and is therefore conducted depending on the current direction either in the first magnetic field or in the second magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field lines are fanned out in the transition region preferably over an angle of 180 °.
  • a particularly simple construction results if the second magnetic field region is formed in mirror image to the first magnetic field region.
  • the switching device according to the invention is particularly simple and can therefore be manufactured inexpensively. At the same time results in a particularly high erasing potential, both in DC operation and in AC operation.
  • the first arc blowing device and the second arc blowing device are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another. Therefore, the magnetic polarity of the pole plates of the first arc blowing device is preferably coincident with the magnetic polarity of the pole plates of the second arc blowing device.
  • the ends of the third and fourth Lichtbogenleitblechs are preferably each slightly spaced from the ends of the contact bridge, so that the contact bridge can be moved relative to the third and fourth arc guide plate.
  • a base of the arc jumps from the contact bridge to the third and fourth arc guide plate when the arc is blown out of the contact point.
  • a particularly advantageous construction results when the contact bridge is arranged over the fixed contacts.
  • the first arc guide plate and the second arc guide plate are preferably arranged below the respective middle pole plate and extend in width both via the first channel and via the parallel second channel of the associated arc blowing device. They preferably each connect the fixed contact with the associated connection contact.
  • the corners of the contact bridge are preferably rounded to increase the life.
  • a first channel is assigned to the first magnetic field region and a second channel to the second magnetic field region, the first channel and the second channel being parallel and arranged next to one another, and the first channel being transverse to its longitudinal extension from the magnetic field lines of the first Magnetic field region, and the second channel is traversed transversely to its longitudinal extent by the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field region.
  • the switching arc can be safely and reliably led away from the contact point.
  • the magnetic field lines are substantially perpendicular to the pole plates.
  • the previously mentioned channels each extend between a lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate.
  • the pole plates preferably form the side walls of the channels.
  • First blowing magnet and second blowing magnet are preferably each arranged between a lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate. Further preferably, the first blowing magnet is in direct contact with the first side pole plate, the second blowing magnet is preferably in direct contact with the second side pole plate.
  • the middle pole plate is shorter than the two lateral pole plates at least at one of the contact point facing first end.
  • the two lateral pole plates extend laterally next to the contact point, so that the contact point is between a first end of the first lateral pole plate and a first end of the second lateral pole plate. In this way, it is ensured that the switching arc is reliably conducted after its formation as a function of the current direction either in the first magnetic field region or in the second magnetic field region.
  • the middle pole plate at a second end opposite its first end is also shorter than the two lateral pole plates. As a result, the switching arc is guided back into the center before entering the arc quenching device, as it were in the plane of symmetry of the middle pole plate. As a result, the arc quenching device can be made particularly compact.
  • the first blowing magnet of the first arc blowing device and the first blowing magnet of the second arc blowing device are arranged within the loop, which is formed by the third arc guide plate and the contact bridge, wherein the second blowing magnet of the first arc blowing device and the second blowing magnet of the second arc blowing device within of the Loop are arranged, which is formed by the fourth arc guide plate and the contact bridge.
  • the middle pole plates of the first and second arc blowing devices are encased in an electrically insulating manner.
  • the sheath can be made of suitable plastic or ceramic.
  • the arc-quenching device has a first arc-quenching device and a second arc-quenching device, wherein first and second arc-quenching devices are arranged on opposite sides of a housing of the switching device such that the first channel and the second channel of the first arc-blowing device open into the first arc quenching device, wherein the first and second channel of the second arc blower in the second arc extinguishing device.
  • a third arc quenching device is arranged on a top side of the housing connecting the two opposite sides of the housing, such that the first and second channels of the first and second arc blowing devices also open into the third arc quenching device.
  • the deletion potential can be increased if necessary.
  • Parts of the housing, which lie between the arc quenching device, can be protected if necessary by suitable copper plates from the arc.
  • the drive of the switching device is advantageously below the two fixed contacts.
  • the arc-extinguishing devices each have a plurality of extinguishing elements which are stacked on one another.
  • the extinguishing elements can be made of ceramic.
  • the extinguishing elements each have at least two wedge-shaped flanks at the end which faces the contact point or the third and fourth arc guide plates, the wedge-shaped flanks of each extinguishing element with the wedge-shaped flanks of the respectively following extinguishing element becoming two V-shaped flutes, which are each assigned to one of the two channels, complete.
  • the arc quenching devices each have a plurality of openings to the outside, so that the plasma generated by the switching arc can escape from the housing of the switching device.
  • the openings are preferably formed by corresponding grooves in the extinguishing elements.
  • the switching capacity can be further increased if the contact bridge is arranged according to a further preferred embodiment on a contact carrier made of electrically insulating material, wherein the contact carrier extends between the first contact point and the second contact point on the inside width of the housing of the switching device.
  • the contact carrier dips on both sides into corresponding grooves of the housing, so that a barrier in the manner of a labyrinth seal is formed for the plasma which is formed by the arc.
  • a bellows may also be arranged to avoid a short to ground, which otherwise takes place due to the arc generated by the arc in a flashover of the arc on the yoke plate of the drive of the switching device, if correspondingly high loads are switched.
  • the switching device is a contactor.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oblique view of a switching device 1.
  • the switching device is a single-pole contactor.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional plan view. The cut passes through the axes of the in FIG. 1 shown components 2.1 and 2.2.
  • the contactor 1 has two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2, which are each electrically connected to an associated terminal contact 8.1, 8.2.
  • the two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2 can be electrically connected to each other by means of a contact bridge 10.
  • the contact bridge 10 is actuated by the armature of an electromagnetic drive 19 and has two movable contacts 9.1, 9.2. When closing the contacts comes the first movable contact 9.1 with the first fixed contact 7.1 to the plant.
  • the second movable contact 9.2 contacts the second fixed contact 7.2.
  • the housing of the contactor 1 is not shown. In the illustration is only the chassis 20 of the switching device shown, to which the electromagnetic drive is attached.
  • the switching device has an arc blowing device for each of the two contact points in order to blow off the switching arc from the contact point.
  • Each of the two arc blowing devices is associated with an arc quenching device 5.1 or 5.2.
  • the arc quenching devices are in FIG. 2 shown schematically and may have a plurality of quenching plates or ceramic extinguishing elements in well-known manner.
  • the structure of the arc blowing device is first explained for the first contact point, consisting of the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1.
  • the blowing field which is generated by the arc blowing device is generated exclusively permanent magnetically in the switching device. No electrically operated blower coils are required.
  • only the two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are used.
  • the two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are each arranged between the first contact point and the arc quenching device 5.1, which is assigned to the first contact points.
  • the first permanent magnet 2.1 stands in direct contact with a first lateral pole plate 6.1, which is arranged on a side wall of the switch housing, not shown.
  • the second permanent magnet 2.2 is also in direct contact with a second lateral pole plate 6.2, which is arranged on the opposite side of the housing and in FIG. 1 for reasons of better clarity is not shown. Between the two lateral pole plates 6.1 and 6.2 is a middle pole plate 6.3, which runs parallel to the two lateral pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and in FIG. 1 also not shown. Between the two permanent magnets and the middle pole plate 6.3 is in each case a magnetic return arranged. Both the conclusion and the permanent magnets are cylindrical. In FIG. 2 It can be seen that both components are each surrounded by a protective sleeve 21.
  • the two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are oppositely poled.
  • the south pole is located in each case on the outside of the first pole plate 6.1 or on the second pole plate 6.2.
  • the common north pole is located at the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the opposite polarity causes the magnetic field established between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 (right) and the middle pole plate 6.3 to be aligned exactly opposite the magnetic field established between the first pole plate 6.1 (left) and the middle pole plate 6.3 becomes. This circumstance can also be seen from the magnetic field lines 23, which are shown in FIG FIG. 2 are drawn.
  • the pole plates define between them two channels, both of which open respectively starting from the first contact point in the arc quenching device 5.1.
  • the two channels are interspersed transversely to their longitudinal extent of one of the two oppositely poled magnetic fields. How out Figure 2 becomes clear, extend the two lateral pole plates 6.1, 6.2 laterally next to the contact point, the middle pole plate 6.3 is slightly shorter and ends before the contact point. This results in a transition region of the magnetic blowing field at the contact point.
  • the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the magnetic field lines of the two magnetic fields in the channels 4.1 and 4.2. In the transition region, the magnetic field lines are fanned out virtually over an angle of 180 °. The direction of the magnetic field in the channel 4.1 is thereby reversed in the transition region until it finally corresponds to the direction of the magnetic field in the channel 4.2.
  • first connection contact 8.1 is now connected to the positive pole of a voltage source, then a switching arc 3.1 is produced when the contacts are opened at the first contact point, which is triggered by the magnetic blow field in FIG FIG. 2 first deflected to the right and then enters the channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the direction of movement of the switching arc 3.1 is illustrated for this case by the arrow 24.
  • the switching arc is initially deflected in the opposite direction to the left. It then enters the left channel 4.1 between the first lateral pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3 along the path illustrated by the arrow 25.
  • the switching arc is subsequently driven through the magnetic blow field into the arc quenching device 5.1.
  • the middle pole plate 6.3 is also at the opposite end, which faces the arc quenching device 5.1, slightly shorter than the two lateral pole plates 6.1, 6.2.
  • the magnetic blower field also has a transition region, shortly before the arc-quenching device 5.1, which conducts the switching arc to the middle of the arc-quenching device 5.1.
  • the arc quenching device 5.1 can be kept compact.
  • an arc blowing device is also provided, which is constructed substantially identical to the arc blowing device at the first contact point.
  • the two permanent magnets 2.1, 2.2 are reversed.
  • the middle pole plate 6.3 marks the south pole.
  • the two lateral pole plates 6.1 and 6.2 each form the north pole of the magnetic field. If the first terminal contact 8.1 with the positive pole, and the second terminal contact 8.2 connected to the negative pole of a voltage source, resulting at the second contact point switching arc 3.2 is thus initially deflected to the left and then enters the channel between the left side pole plate 6.1 and middle pole plate 6.3. When the voltage is reversed, the switching arc 3.2 is deflected to the right at the second contact point and therefore enters the channel between the right-hand side pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • FIG. 1 It can be seen that a plurality of so-called arc guide are provided to guide the switching arc on the one hand and to stretch on the way to the arc quenching on the other.
  • the arrangement of the arc guide plates is first explained again below for the first contact point.
  • the first fixed contact 7.1 has a first arc guide plate 11.1 and a second arc guide plate 12.1.
  • the opposite first movable contact 9.1 are also associated with two Lichtbogenleitbleche, namely a third arc guide plate 13.1 and a fourth Arc guide plate 14.1.
  • the third arc guide plate 13.1 and the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 are not connected to the movable contact 9.1 or to the contact bridge 10, but permanently installed in the switching device.
  • the first arc guide plate 11.1, together with the third arc guide plate 13.1 an arc guide plate pair, which is assigned to the first channel 4.1 between the first side pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the second arc guide plate 12.1, together with the fourth arc guide plate 14.1, likewise forms an arc guide plate pair, which is assigned to the second channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the two arc guide plates of an arc guide plate pair run apart from the contact point in order to stretch the switching arc on the way to the arc quenching device.
  • Corresponding arc guide plates are likewise provided at the second contact point, the third and fourth arc guide plates 13.1, 14.1 being respectively connected to the first contact point with the corresponding third and fourth arc guide plates 13.2, 14.2 at the second contact point.
  • the third arc guide plate 13.1 at the first contact point is conductively connected via an electrical connection 15 to the third arc guide plate 13.2 at the second contact point.
  • the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 is electrically connected at the first contact point via an electrical connection 16 to the fourth arc guide plate 14.2 at the second contact point.
  • there is an electrical connection 17 between the third arc guide plate 13.1 and the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 at the first contact point in which a diode 18 is provided which only permits one current direction.
  • the diode is only required if the contactor is used in AC applications.
  • the second fixed contact 7.2 is connected to the two arc guide plates 11.2 and 12.2.
  • the arc guide plate 11.2 forms the first arc guide plate at the second contact point.
  • the arc guide plate 12.2 forms the second arc guide plate.
  • the switching arc 3.1 which arises at the first contact point, enters the second channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3. At the time of the emergence of the switching arc 3.1, this exists between the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1, which is arranged on the contact bridge 10. In order to be able to enter the channel 4.2, the switching arc must jump from the contact bridge 10 to the fourth arc guide plate 14.1.
  • the current flows from the first fixed contact 7.1 via the second arc guide plate 12.1, the first switching arc 3.1, the fourth arc guide plate 14.1, the electrical connection line 17, the third arc guide plate 13.1, the electrical connection line 15, the third arc guide plate 13.2 at the second contact point, the second Switching arc 3.2 and the first arc guide plate 11.2 at the second contact point to the second fixed contact 7.2.
  • This case is in FIG. 3 shown.
  • FIG. 4 With oppositely applied voltage, the in FIG. 4 shown case.
  • the current flows from the second fixed contact 7.2 via the second arc guide plate 12.2 at the second contact point, the second switching arc 3.2, the fourth arc guide plate 14.2, the electrical connection line 16, the fourth arc guide plate 14.1, the electrical connection line 17, the third arc guide plate 13.1, the first Switching arc 3.1 and the first Lichtbogenleiblech 11.1 at the first contact point to the first fixed contact 7.1.
  • the first switching arc 3.1 and the second switching arc 3.2 are appropriately stretched by the arc guide plates and finally extinguished in the associated arc quenching device.
  • the switching device according to the invention is also suitable for AC operation. If the switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 occur during the positive half cycle, then the in FIG. 3 shown state. At a mains frequency of 50 Hz, the duration of the positive half cycle is 10 milliseconds. This leaves enough time so that the switching arc can jump from the contact bridge to the corresponding arc guide plate. The transition to the negative half wave is simply prevented by the use of the diode 18. The current direction can not reverse. It comes to a reconsolidation, causing the switching arc in the negative half-wave can not reconnect. The same applies in the event that the switching arc occurs during the negative half-wave. In this case, first the in FIG. 4 shown situation. Again, it comes to a reconsolidation and to prevent re-ignition of the arc.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show an embodiment of a switching device according to the invention 1.
  • the structure corresponds in principle to the structure of the switching device from the FIGS. 1 to 4 , Like parts are designated by like reference numerals. The following are essentially the differences from the example of the FIGS. 1 to 4 described.
  • FIG. 6 shows, the contact bridge 10 with the two movable contacts 9.1 and 9.2 in contrast to the example of the FIGS. 1 to 4 above the two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2 arranged.
  • the electromagnetic drive 19 is located as in the example of the FIGS. 1 to 4 below the two contact points. This has the advantage that the upper part of the housing can be completely removed for maintenance purposes, allowing free access to the contacts.
  • the switching device has two contact points.
  • the first contact point 7.1 / 9.1 is associated with a first arc blowing device
  • the second contact point 7.2 / 9.2 is associated with a second arc blowing device.
  • the first arc blower is in FIG. 8 shown in the lower half
  • the second arc blower takes in FIG. 8 the upper half of the picture.
  • the first arc blowing device and the second arc blowing device are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another.
  • the magnetic polarity of the pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of the first arc blowing device in this embodiment is therefore identical to the magnetic polarity of the pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of the second arc blowing device.
  • the arc quenching device of the switching device 1 has on opposite sides of the housing a first arc quenching device 5.1 and a second arc quenching device 5.2.
  • the first arc quenching device 5.1 is assigned to the first contact point 7.1 / 9.1.
  • First channel 4.1 and second channel 4.2 of the first arc blowing device which is assigned to the first contact point, respectively open into the first arc-extinguishing device 5.1.
  • the second arc quenching device 5.2 is the second contact point 7.2 / 9.2.
  • First channel 4.1 and second channel 4.2 of the second arc blowing device which is assigned to the second contact point, respectively open into the second arc-extinguishing device 5.2.
  • a third arc-quenching device 5.3 is further arranged, wherein the first and second channels of the first and second arc-blowing devices also open into the third arc-quenching device 5.3.
  • the third arc quenching device increases the quenching potential as needed.
  • Parts of the housing that lie between the arc extinguishing devices can be protected from the arc by suitable copper plates 32.
  • All three arc extinguishing devices 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 each have a plurality of extinguishing elements 29 and 30, which are stacked alternately.
  • the extinguishing elements are made of ceramic.
  • the first fixed contact 7.1 is assigned a first arc guide plate 11 and the second fixed contact 7.2 is associated with a second arc guide plate 12.
  • the first arc guide plate 11 and the second arc guide plate 12 extend between the respective fixed contact 7.1 or 7.2 and the respective associated arc quenching 5.1 or 5.2. They each connect the fixed contact 7.1 or 7.2 with the associated connection contact 8.1 or 8.2.
  • the first arc guide plate 11 and the second arc guide plate 12 are arranged below the respective middle pole plate 6.3 and they extend in width both via the first channel 4.1 and via the parallel second channel 4.2 of the associated arc blowing device. Furthermore, a third arc guide plate 13 and a fourth arc guide plate 14 are provided.
  • the third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14 each extend arcuately from the first movable contact 9.1 to the second movable contact 9.2, so that the third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14 together with the contact bridge 10 each form a nearly closed loop.
  • FIG. 6 shows, the middle pole plates 6.3 of the first and second arc blowing device respectively between the third arc guide plate 13 and fourth arc guide plate 14 are arranged.
  • the third arc guide plate 13 is located in the representation of FIG. 6 behind the two middle pole plates 6.3 and is therefore shown in dashed lines in this figure.
  • the ends of the third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14 are each slightly spaced from the ends of the contact bridge 10, so that the contact bridge 10 can be moved relative to the third and fourth arc guide plate.
  • a base of the switching arc jumps from the contact bridge on the third and fourth arc guide plate when the switching arc is blown out of the contact point.
  • the corners of the contact bridge are preferably rounded to increase the life.
  • the first blowing magnet 2.1 of the first arc blowing device and the first blowing magnet 2.1 of the second arc blowing device are disposed within the loop formed by the third arc guide plate 13 and the contact bridge 10, the second blowing magnet 2.2 of the first arc blowing device and the second blowing magnet 2.2 of the second arc blowing device are arranged within the loop, which is formed by the fourth arc guide plate 14 and the contact bridge 10.
  • the blowing magnets are easily shielded from the arc.
  • a protective sheath of the blowing magnets made of ceramic or the like is not required.
  • the middle pole plates 6.3 of the first and second arc blowers are encased in an electrically insulating manner.
  • the contact bridge 10 is arranged on a contact carrier 27 made of electrically insulating material. As FIG. 7 shows, the contact carrier 27 extends between the first contact point and the second contact point on the clear width of the housing of the switching device. The contact carrier dips on both sides into corresponding grooves of the housing, so that a barrier of the type of a labyrinth seal is formed for the plasma formed by the arc.
  • a bellows 28 is further arranged to avoid a short to ground, which otherwise takes place due to the arc generated by the arc in a flashover of the arc on the yoke plate of the drive of the switching device, if correspondingly high loads are switched.
  • the two switching arcs are 3.1 and 3.2, which arise at the contact points 7.1 / 9.1 and 7.2 / 9.2, in the representation of FIG. 8 depending on the current direction, either first deflected either to the right or both to the left, then into the respective arc quenching device 5.1 or 5.2, and subsequently into the third arc quenching device 5.3.
  • the switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 are thus either through the channels 4.1 or, as it is in FIG. 6 shown is driven through the channels 4.2 in the arc extinguishing equipment.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Schaltgerät weist unter anderem zumindest eine Kontaktstelle und eine der Kontaktstelle zugeordnete Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung auf. Die Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung umfasst zumindest einen Blasmagneten zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Blasfelds. Das Blasfeld ist derart beschaffen, dass ein beim Öffnen der Kontaktstelle entstehender Schaltlichtbogen aus der Kontaktstelle geblasen wird.A generic switching device has, among other things, at least one contact point and one of the contact point associated with electric arc blowing device. The arc blowing device comprises at least one blowing magnet for generating a magnetic blowing field. The blower field is such that a switching arc arising when the contact point is opened is blown out of the contact point.

Ein derartiges Schaltgerät ist beispielsweise aus EP 2230678 A2 bekannt. Es handelt sich um ein lichtbogenresistentes Schütz, dessen Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung sowohl Permanentmagneten als auch elektrisch betriebene Blasspulen umfasst. Der Einsatz von Blasspulen zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Blasfeldes bedeutet in der Regel, dass das Schaltgerät relativ schwer, groß und zudem teuer in der Herstellung ist. Außerdem ist der Blaseffekt auf den Lichtbogen abhängig von der Stromstärke, was zu kritischen Strombereichen führt. Die Aktivierung der Blasspulen im Schaltaugenblick erfordert zusätzliche Aufwendungen.Such a switching device is for example off EP 2230678 A2 known. It is an arc-resistant contactor whose arc blowing device comprises both permanent magnets and electrically operated blow coils. The use of blow coils to generate a magnetic blowing field usually means that the switching device is relatively heavy, large and also expensive to manufacture. In addition, the blowing effect on the arc is dependent on the current, which leads to critical current ranges. Activation of the puff coils at the moment of switching requires additional expenses.

Ein Schaltgerät gemäß dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 ist beispielsweise aus US 2014/0360982 A1 bekannt.A switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1 is for example made US 2014/0360982 A1 known.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Schaltgerät der gattungsgemäßen Art anzugeben, das unabhängig von der Stromrichtung eine zuverlässige Löschung des Schaltlichtbogens gewährleistet und dabei eine einfache und kostengünstige Konstruktion aufweist.Object of the present invention is to provide a switching device of the generic type, which ensures a reliable deletion of the switching arc regardless of the current direction and thereby has a simple and inexpensive construction.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung bietet den Vorteil, dass der Schaltlichtbogen unabhängig von der Stromrichtung immer in der gleichen Richtung aus dem Gehäuse des Schaltgeräts geblasen wird, so dass lediglich eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung benötigt wird, um den Schaltlichtbogen zu löschen. Das magnetische Blasfeld kann dabei rein permanentmagnetisch erzeugt werden, so dass auf den Einsatz schwerer und teurer Blasspulen vollständig verzichtet werden kann. Das erfindungsgemäße Schaltgerät wird dadurch sehr kompakt. Der Schaltlichtbogen entsteht mitten im Übergangsbereich des Blasfeldes und wird daher in Abhängigkeit der Stromrichtung entweder in den ersten Magnetfeldbereich oder in den zweiten Magnetfeldbereich geleitet. Die Magnetfeldlinien sind im Übergangsbereich vorzugsweise über einen Winkel von 180° aufgefächert. Eine besonders einfache Konstruktion ergibt sich, wenn der zweite Magnetfeldbereich spiegelbildlich zum ersten Magnetfeldbereich ausgebildet ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Schaltgerät ist besonders einfach aufgebaut und kann daher kostengünstig hergestellt werden. Gleichzeitig ergibt sich ein besonders hohes Löschpotential, und zwar sowohl im Gleichstrombetrieb als auch im Wechselstrombetrieb. Die erste Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung und die zweite Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung sind im Wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander aufgebaut. Die magnetische Polung der Polplatten der ersten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung stimmt daher vorzugsweise mit der magnetischen Polung der Polplatten der zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung überein. Die Enden des dritten und vierten Lichtbogenleitblechs sind vorzugsweise jeweils geringfügig von den Enden der Kontaktbrücke beabstandet, so dass die Kontaktbrücke relativ zum dritten und vierten Lichtbogenleitblech bewegt werden kann. Ein Fußpunkt des Lichtbogens springt von der Kontaktbrücke auf das dritte bzw. vierte Lichtbogenleitblech über, wenn der Lichtbogen aus der Kontaktstelle geblasen wird. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Konstruktion ergibt sich, wenn die Kontaktbrücke über den Festkontakten angeordnet ist. Das erste Lichtbogenleitblech und das zweite Lichtbogenleitblech sind vorzugsweise unterhalb der jeweiligen mittleren Polplatte angeordnet und erstrecken sich in der Breite jeweils sowohl über den ersten Kanal als auch über den parallelen zweiten Kanal der zugehörigen Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung. Sie verbinden vorzugsweise jeweils den Festkontakt mit dem zugehörigen Anschlusskontakt. Die Ecken der Kontaktbrücke sind vorzugsweise abgerundet, um die Lebensdauer zu erhöhen.The object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1. The solution according to the invention has the advantage that the switching arc is always blown regardless of the current direction in the same direction from the housing of the switching device, so that only an arc quenching device is required to the switching arc to delete. The magnetic blowing field can be generated purely permanent magnetic, so that can be completely dispensed with the use of heavy and expensive puffing. The switching device according to the invention is characterized very compact. Of the Switching arc is formed in the middle of the transition region of the blower field and is therefore conducted depending on the current direction either in the first magnetic field or in the second magnetic field. The magnetic field lines are fanned out in the transition region preferably over an angle of 180 °. A particularly simple construction results if the second magnetic field region is formed in mirror image to the first magnetic field region. The switching device according to the invention is particularly simple and can therefore be manufactured inexpensively. At the same time results in a particularly high erasing potential, both in DC operation and in AC operation. The first arc blowing device and the second arc blowing device are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another. Therefore, the magnetic polarity of the pole plates of the first arc blowing device is preferably coincident with the magnetic polarity of the pole plates of the second arc blowing device. The ends of the third and fourth Lichtbogenleitblechs are preferably each slightly spaced from the ends of the contact bridge, so that the contact bridge can be moved relative to the third and fourth arc guide plate. A base of the arc jumps from the contact bridge to the third and fourth arc guide plate when the arc is blown out of the contact point. A particularly advantageous construction results when the contact bridge is arranged over the fixed contacts. The first arc guide plate and the second arc guide plate are preferably arranged below the respective middle pole plate and extend in width both via the first channel and via the parallel second channel of the associated arc blowing device. They preferably each connect the fixed contact with the associated connection contact. The corners of the contact bridge are preferably rounded to increase the life.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist dem ersten Magnetfeldbereich ein erster Kanal und dem zweiten Magnetfeldbereich ein zweiter Kanal zugeordnet, wobei erster Kanal und zweiter Kanal parallel verlaufen und nebeneinander angeordnet sind, und wobei der erste Kanal quer zu seiner Längserstreckung von den Magnetfeldlinien des ersten Magnetfeldbereichs, und der zweite Kanal quer zu seiner Längserstreckung von den Magnetfeldlinien des zweiten Magnetfeldbereichs durchsetzt ist.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first channel is assigned to the first magnetic field region and a second channel to the second magnetic field region, the first channel and the second channel being parallel and arranged next to one another, and the first channel being transverse to its longitudinal extension from the magnetic field lines of the first Magnetic field region, and the second channel is traversed transversely to its longitudinal extent by the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field region.

Durch das Vorsehen der Kanäle kann der Schaltlichtbogen sicher und zuverlässig von der Kontaktstelle weggeführt werden.By providing the channels, the switching arc can be safely and reliably led away from the contact point.

Im ersten Magnetfeldbereich und im zweiten Magnetfeldbereich verlaufen die Magnetfeldlinien im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Polplatten. Die zuvor angesprochenen Kanäle verlaufen jeweils zwischen einer seitlichen Polplatte und der mittleren Polplatte. Die Polplatten bilden vorzugsweise die Seitenwände der Kanäle.In the first magnetic field region and in the second magnetic field region, the magnetic field lines are substantially perpendicular to the pole plates. The previously mentioned channels each extend between a lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate. The pole plates preferably form the side walls of the channels.

Erster Blasmagnet und zweiter Blasmagnet sind vorzugsweise jeweils zwischen einer seitlichen Polplatte und der mittleren Polplatte angeordnet. Ferner vorzugsweise befindet sich der erste Blasmagnet in direktem Kontakt mit der ersten seitlichen Polplatte, der zweite Blasmagnet befindet sich vorzugsweise in direktem Kontakt mit der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte.First blowing magnet and second blowing magnet are preferably each arranged between a lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate. Further preferably, the first blowing magnet is in direct contact with the first side pole plate, the second blowing magnet is preferably in direct contact with the second side pole plate.

In einer weiteren ebenfalls besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die mittlere Polplatte zumindest an einem der Kontaktstelle zugewandten ersten Ende kürzer als die beiden seitlichen Polplatten. Dadurch wird eine besonders vorteilhafte Auffächerung der Magnetfeldlinien im Übergangsbereich erreicht. Von besonderem Vorteil ist es dabei, wenn die beiden seitlichen Polplatten seitlich neben die Kontaktstelle reichen, so dass sich die Kontaktstelle zwischen einem ersten Ende der ersten seitlichen Polplatte und einem ersten Ende der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte befindet. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass der Schaltlichtbogen nach seiner Entstehung in Abhängigkeit der Stromrichtung zuverlässig entweder in den ersten Magnetfeldbereich oder in den zweiten Magnetfeldbereich geleitet wird. Weiter vorzugsweise ist die mittlere Polplatte an einem, ihrem ersten Ende gegenüberliegenden zweiten Ende ebenfalls kürzer als die beiden seitlichen Polplatten. Dadurch wird der Schaltlichtbogen vor dem Eintritt in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung wieder in die Mitte geführt, sozusagen in die Symmetrieebene der mittleren Polplatte. Dadurch kann die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung besonders kompakt ausgeführt werden.In a further likewise particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the middle pole plate is shorter than the two lateral pole plates at least at one of the contact point facing first end. As a result, a particularly advantageous fanning of the magnetic field lines in the transition region is achieved. It is particularly advantageous if the two lateral pole plates extend laterally next to the contact point, so that the contact point is between a first end of the first lateral pole plate and a first end of the second lateral pole plate. In this way, it is ensured that the switching arc is reliably conducted after its formation as a function of the current direction either in the first magnetic field region or in the second magnetic field region. Further preferably, the middle pole plate at a second end opposite its first end is also shorter than the two lateral pole plates. As a result, the switching arc is guided back into the center before entering the arc quenching device, as it were in the plane of symmetry of the middle pole plate. As a result, the arc quenching device can be made particularly compact.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung sind der erste Blasmagnet der ersten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung und der erste Blasmagnet der zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung innerhalb der Schlaufe angeordnet, die durch das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech und die Kontaktbrücke gebildet wird, wobei der zweite Blasmagnet der ersten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung und der zweite Blasmagnet der zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung innerhalb der Schlaufe angeordnet sind, die durch das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech und die Kontaktbrücke gebildet wird. Dadurch sind die Blasmagneten auf einfache Weise vom Lichtbogen abgeschirmt. Eine Schutzumhüllung der Blasmagneten aus Keramik oder dergleichen ist nicht erforderlich.According to a particularly preferred refinement, the first blowing magnet of the first arc blowing device and the first blowing magnet of the second arc blowing device are arranged within the loop, which is formed by the third arc guide plate and the contact bridge, wherein the second blowing magnet of the first arc blowing device and the second blowing magnet of the second arc blowing device within of the Loop are arranged, which is formed by the fourth arc guide plate and the contact bridge. As a result, the blowing magnets are easily shielded from the arc. A protective sheath of the blowing magnets made of ceramic or the like is not required.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung sind die mittleren Polplatten der ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung elektrisch isolierend ummantelt. Die Ummantelung kann aus geeignetem Kunststoff oder aus Keramik bestehen.In a further preferred development, the middle pole plates of the first and second arc blowing devices are encased in an electrically insulating manner. The sheath can be made of suitable plastic or ceramic.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung weist die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung eine erste Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung und eine zweite Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung auf, wobei erste und zweite Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung derart an gegenüberliegenden Seiten eines Gehäuses des Schaltgeräts angeordnet sind, dass erster Kanal und zweiter Kanal der ersten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung in die erste Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung münden, wobei erster und zweiter Kanal der zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung in die zweite Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung münden. Besonders bevorzugt ist an einer die beiden gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Gehäuses verbindenden Oberseite des Gehäuses ferner eine dritte Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung angeordnet, dergestalt dass die ersten und zweiten Kanäle der ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtungen auch in die dritte Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung münden. Dadurch kann das Löschpotential bei Bedarf noch erhöht werden. Teile des Gehäuses, die zwischen den Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung liegen, können bei Bedarf durch geeignete Kupferplatten vor dem Lichtbogen geschützt werden. Weiter ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit den beiden Lichtbogenblaseinrichtungen, zu Wartungszwecken komplett vom Gehäuse der Schalteinrichtung abgenommen werden kann, um auf einfache Weise einen ungehinderten Zugang zu den Festkontakten und zur Kontaktbrücke zu ermöglichen. Der Antrieb des Schaltgeräts befindet sich vorteilhafterweise unterhalb der beiden Festkontakte.According to a further preferred development, the arc-quenching device has a first arc-quenching device and a second arc-quenching device, wherein first and second arc-quenching devices are arranged on opposite sides of a housing of the switching device such that the first channel and the second channel of the first arc-blowing device open into the first arc quenching device, wherein the first and second channel of the second arc blower in the second arc extinguishing device. Particularly preferably, a third arc quenching device is arranged on a top side of the housing connecting the two opposite sides of the housing, such that the first and second channels of the first and second arc blowing devices also open into the third arc quenching device. As a result, the deletion potential can be increased if necessary. Parts of the housing, which lie between the arc quenching device, can be protected if necessary by suitable copper plates from the arc. Further, it is advantageous if the arc quenching device, optionally together with the two arc blowing devices, for maintenance purposes completely removed from the housing of the switching device to allow easy access to the fixed contacts and the contact bridge. The drive of the switching device is advantageously below the two fixed contacts.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weisen die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen jeweils mehrere Löschelemente auf, die aufeinandergestapelt sind. Die Löschelemente können aus Keramik bestehen. Die Löschelemente weisen an demjenigen Ende, das der Kontaktstelle bzw. dem dritten und vierten Lichtbogenleitblech zugewandt ist, jeweils zumindest zwei keilförmige Flanken auf, wobei sich die keilförmigen Flanken eines jeden Löschelements mit den keilförmigen Flanken des jeweils darauffolgenden Löschelements zu zwei V-förmigen Nuten, die jeweils einem der beiden Kanäle zugeordnet sind, ergänzen. Je nach Stromrichtung wird der Lichtbogen entweder durch den ersten Kanal oder durch den zweiten Kanal der jeweiligen Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung in eine der beiden V-förmigen Nuten geblasen. Die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen weisen jeweils mehrere Öffnungen nach außen auf, damit das Plasma, das durch den Schaltlichtbogen erzeugt wird, aus dem Gehäuse des Schaltgeräts entweichen kann. Die Öffnungen werden bevorzugt durch entsprechende Nuten in den Löschelementen gebildet.According to an advantageous embodiment, the arc-extinguishing devices each have a plurality of extinguishing elements which are stacked on one another. The extinguishing elements can be made of ceramic. The extinguishing elements each have at least two wedge-shaped flanks at the end which faces the contact point or the third and fourth arc guide plates, the wedge-shaped flanks of each extinguishing element with the wedge-shaped flanks of the respectively following extinguishing element becoming two V-shaped flutes, which are each assigned to one of the two channels, complete. Depending on the current direction of the arc is blown either through the first channel or through the second channel of the respective arc blower in one of the two V-shaped grooves. The arc quenching devices each have a plurality of openings to the outside, so that the plasma generated by the switching arc can escape from the housing of the switching device. The openings are preferably formed by corresponding grooves in the extinguishing elements.

Das Schaltvermögen kann weiter erhöht werden, wenn die Kontaktbrücke gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform auf einem Kontaktträger aus elektrisch isolierendem Material angeordnet ist, wobei sich der Kontaktträger zwischen der ersten Kontaktstelle und der zweiten Kontaktstelle über die lichte Breite des Gehäuses des Schaltgeräts erstreckt. Besonders bevorzugt taucht der Kontaktträger beidseitig in entsprechende Nuten des Gehäuses ein, so dass für das Plasma, das durch den Lichtbogen gebildet wird, eine Barriere nach Art einer Labyrinthdichtung gebildet wird. Unterhalb des Kontaktträgers kann ferner ein Faltenbalg angeordnet sein, um einen Masseschluss zu vermeiden, der ansonsten aufgrund des durch den Lichtbogen erzeugten Plasmas bei einem Überschlag des Lichtbogens auf die Jochplatte des Antriebs des Schaltgeräts stattfindet, falls entsprechend hohe Lasten geschaltet werden.The switching capacity can be further increased if the contact bridge is arranged according to a further preferred embodiment on a contact carrier made of electrically insulating material, wherein the contact carrier extends between the first contact point and the second contact point on the inside width of the housing of the switching device. Particularly preferably, the contact carrier dips on both sides into corresponding grooves of the housing, so that a barrier in the manner of a labyrinth seal is formed for the plasma which is formed by the arc. Below the contact carrier, a bellows may also be arranged to avoid a short to ground, which otherwise takes place due to the arc generated by the arc in a flashover of the arc on the yoke plate of the drive of the switching device, if correspondingly high loads are switched.

Ganz besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Schaltgerät um ein Schaltschütz.Most preferably, the switching device is a contactor.

Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
eine Schrägansicht eines Schaltgeräts bei geöffnetem Gehäuse gemäß einem ersten Beispiel,
Figur 2:
eine geschnittene Draufsicht auf das Schaltgerät aus Figur 1,
Figur 3:
das Schaltgerät aus den Figuren 1 und 2 in der Ansicht aus Figur 1 kurz nach dem Öffnen der Kontaktstellen,
Figur 4:
die Darstellung aus Figur 3 bei umgekehrter Stromrichtung,
Figur 5:
eine Schrägansicht eines Schaltgeräts gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Figur 6:
einen Schnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Schalter aus Figur 5 entlang der in Figur 5 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie VI (geschnittene Seitenansicht),
Figur 7:
einen Schnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Schalter aus Figur 5 entlang der in Figur 5 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie VII (Längsschnitt),
Figur 8:
einen Schnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Schalter aus Figur 5 entlang der in Figur 5 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie VIII (geschnittene Draufsicht),
Figur 9:
ein Löschelement der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters aus den Figuren 5 bis 8,
Figur 10:
ein weiteres Löschelement der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters aus den Figuren 5 bis 8,
Figur 11:
die beiden Löschelemente aus den Figuren 9 und 10 im aufeinandergestapelten Zustand.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1:
an oblique view of a switching device with the housing open according to a first example,
FIG. 2:
a sectional plan view of the switching device off FIG. 1 .
FIG. 3:
the switching device from the FIGS. 1 and 2 in the view FIG. 1 shortly after opening the contact points,
FIG. 4:
the presentation FIG. 3 in reverse current direction,
FIG. 5:
an oblique view of a switching device according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 6:
a section through the switch according to the invention FIG. 5 along the in FIG. 5 drawn section line VI (sectional side view),
FIG. 7:
a section through the switch according to the invention FIG. 5 along the in FIG. 5 drawn section line VII (longitudinal section),
FIG. 8:
a section through the switch according to the invention FIG. 5 along the in FIG. 5 drawn section line VIII (cut plan view),
FIG. 9:
an extinguishing element of the arc extinguishing devices of the switch according to the invention from the FIGS. 5 to 8 .
FIG. 10:
another extinguishing element of the arc extinguishing devices of the switch according to the invention from the FIGS. 5 to 8 .
FIG. 11:
the two extinguishing elements from the FIGS. 9 and 10 in the stacked state.

Für die folgenden Ausführungen gilt, dass gleiche Teile durch gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind. Sofern in einer Zeichnung Bezugszeichen enthalten sind, auf die in der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung nicht näher eingegangen wird, so wird auf vorangehende oder nachfolgende Figurenbeschreibungen Bezug genommen.For the following statements applies that the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals. If reference signs are contained in a drawing, which are not discussed in detail in the associated description of the figures, reference is made to preceding or subsequent description of the figures.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Schrägansicht eines Schaltgeräts 1. Bei dem Schaltgerät handelt es sich um ein einpoliges Schaltschütz. Aus Gründen der Anschaulichkeit sind das Gehäuse des Schaltgeräts sowie diverse andere Bauteile, die zum Teil in Figur 2 dargestellt sind, nicht gezeigt. Figur 2 zeigt eine geschnittene Draufsicht. Der Schnitt verläuft durch die Achsen der in Figur 1 gezeigten Bauteile 2.1 und 2.2. FIG. 1 shows an oblique view of a switching device 1. The switching device is a single-pole contactor. For the sake of clarity, the housing of the switching device and various other components that are partly in FIG. 2 are shown, not shown. FIG. 2 shows a sectional plan view. The cut passes through the axes of the in FIG. 1 shown components 2.1 and 2.2.

Das Schaltschütz 1 weist zwei Festkontakte 7.1 und 7.2 auf, die jeweils mit einem zugehörigen Anschlusskontakt 8.1, 8.2 elektrisch verbunden sind. Die beiden Festkontakte 7.1 und 7.2 können mittels einer Kontaktbrücke 10 elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden werden. Die Kontaktbrücke 10 wird durch den Anker eines elektromagnetischen Antriebs 19 betätigt und weist zwei bewegliche Kontakte 9.1, 9.2 auf. Beim Schließen der Kontakte kommt dabei der erste bewegliche Kontakt 9.1 mit dem ersten Festkontakt 7.1 zur Anlage. Der zweite bewegliche Kontakt 9.2 kontaktiert den zweiten Festkontakt 7.2. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist das Gehäuse des Schaltschützes 1 nicht dargestellt. In der Darstellung ist lediglich das Chassis 20 des Schaltgeräts dargestellt, an dem der elektromagnetische Antrieb befestigt ist.The contactor 1 has two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2, which are each electrically connected to an associated terminal contact 8.1, 8.2. The two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2 can be electrically connected to each other by means of a contact bridge 10. The contact bridge 10 is actuated by the armature of an electromagnetic drive 19 and has two movable contacts 9.1, 9.2. When closing the contacts comes the first movable contact 9.1 with the first fixed contact 7.1 to the plant. The second movable contact 9.2 contacts the second fixed contact 7.2. As already mentioned, the housing of the contactor 1 is not shown. In the illustration is only the chassis 20 of the switching device shown, to which the electromagnetic drive is attached.

Beim Öffnen der Kontakte entsteht zwischen dem ersten Festkontakt 7.1 und dem ersten beweglichen Kontakt 9.1 und zwischen dem zweiten Festkontakt 7.2 und dem zweiten beweglichen Kontakt 9.2 jeweils ein Schaltlichtbogen.When opening the contacts is formed between the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1 and between the second fixed contact 7.2 and the second movable contact 9.2 each a switching arc.

Um zu verhindern, dass das Schaltgerät aufgrund der Entstehung der Schaltlichtbögen Schaden nimmt, müssen diese aus dem Kontaktbereich herausgeführt und zum Erlöschen gebracht werden. Im Folgenden wird die Paarung aus erstem Festkontakt 7.1 und erstem beweglichen Kontakt 9.1 als erste Kontaktstelle bezeichnet. Die Paarung aus zweitem Kontakt 7.2 und zweitem beweglichen Kontakt 9.2 wird als zweite Kontaktstelle bezeichnet. Das Schaltgerät verfügt für jede der beiden Kontaktstellen über eine Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung, um den Schaltlichtbogen von der Kontaktstelle wegzublasen. Jeder der beiden Lichtbogenblaseinrichtungen ist eine Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 bzw. 5.2 zugeordnet. Die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen sind in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellt und können in wohlbekannter Weise mehrere Löschbleche oder keramische Löschelemente aufweisen.In order to prevent the switching device from being damaged due to the formation of switching arcs, these must be led out of the contact area and extinguished. In the following, the pairing of the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1 is referred to as the first contact point. The pairing of second contact 7.2 and second movable contact 9.2 is referred to as the second contact point. The switching device has an arc blowing device for each of the two contact points in order to blow off the switching arc from the contact point. Each of the two arc blowing devices is associated with an arc quenching device 5.1 or 5.2. The arc quenching devices are in FIG. 2 shown schematically and may have a plurality of quenching plates or ceramic extinguishing elements in well-known manner.

Der Aufbau der Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung wird zunächst für die erste Kontaktstelle, bestehend aus dem ersten Festkontakt 7.1 und dem ersten beweglichen Kontakt 9.1, erläutert. Das Blasfeld, das durch die Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung erzeugt wird, wird bei dem Schaltgerät ausschließlich permanentmagnetisch erzeugt. Es werden keine elektrisch betriebenen Blasspulen benötigt. Es kommen somit lediglich die beiden Permanentmagneten 2.1 und 2.2 zum Einsatz. Die beiden Permanentmagneten 2.1 und 2.2 sind jeweils zwischen der ersten Kontaktstelle und der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 angeordnet, die der ersten Kontaktstellen zugeordnet ist. Der erste Permanentmagnet 2.1 steht dabei in direktem Kontakt mit einer ersten seitlichen Polplatte 6.1, die an einer Seitenwand des nicht gezeigten Schaltergehäuses angeordnet ist. Der zweite Permanentmagnet 2.2 steht ebenfalls in direktem Kontakt mit einer zweiten seitlichen Polplatte 6.2, die an der gegenüberliegenden Gehäuseseite angeordnet und in Figur 1 aus Gründen der besseren Anschaulichkeit nicht dargestellt ist. Zwischen den beiden seitlichen Polplatten 6.1 und 6.2 befindet sich eine mittlere Polplatte 6.3, die parallel zu den beiden seitlichen Polplatten 6.1, 6.2 verläuft und in Figur 1 ebenfalls nicht dargestellt ist. Zwischen den beiden Permanentmagneten und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 ist jeweils ein magnetischer Rückschluss angeordnet. Sowohl der Rückschluss als auch die Permanentmagneten sind zylindrisch ausgebildet. In Figur 2 ist zu erkennen, dass beide Bauteile jeweils von einer Schutzhülse 21 umgeben sind.The structure of the arc blowing device is first explained for the first contact point, consisting of the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1. The blowing field which is generated by the arc blowing device is generated exclusively permanent magnetically in the switching device. No electrically operated blower coils are required. Thus, only the two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are used. The two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are each arranged between the first contact point and the arc quenching device 5.1, which is assigned to the first contact points. The first permanent magnet 2.1 stands in direct contact with a first lateral pole plate 6.1, which is arranged on a side wall of the switch housing, not shown. The second permanent magnet 2.2 is also in direct contact with a second lateral pole plate 6.2, which is arranged on the opposite side of the housing and in FIG. 1 for reasons of better clarity is not shown. Between the two lateral pole plates 6.1 and 6.2 is a middle pole plate 6.3, which runs parallel to the two lateral pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and in FIG. 1 also not shown. Between the two permanent magnets and the middle pole plate 6.3 is in each case a magnetic return arranged. Both the conclusion and the permanent magnets are cylindrical. In FIG. 2 It can be seen that both components are each surrounded by a protective sleeve 21.

Die beiden Permanentmagneten 2.1 und 2.2 sind entgegengesetzt gepolt. Der Südpol befindet sich jeweils außen an der ersten Polplatte 6.1 bzw. an der zweiten Polplatte 6.2. Der gemeinsame Nordpol befindet sich an der mittleren Polplatte 6.3. Die entgegengesetzte Polung bewirkt, dass das Magnetfeld, das zwischen der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte 6.2 (rechts) und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 aufgebaut wird, genau entgegengesetzt zu dem Magnetfeld ausgerichtet ist, das zwischen der ersten Polplatte 6.1 (links) und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 aufgebaut wird. Dieser Umstand ist auch anhand der Magnetfeldlinien 23 ersichtlich, die in Figur 2 eingezeichnet sind.The two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 are oppositely poled. The south pole is located in each case on the outside of the first pole plate 6.1 or on the second pole plate 6.2. The common north pole is located at the middle pole plate 6.3. The opposite polarity causes the magnetic field established between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 (right) and the middle pole plate 6.3 to be aligned exactly opposite the magnetic field established between the first pole plate 6.1 (left) and the middle pole plate 6.3 becomes. This circumstance can also be seen from the magnetic field lines 23, which are shown in FIG FIG. 2 are drawn.

Die Polplatten definieren zwischen sich zwei Kanäle, die beide jeweils ausgehend von der ersten Kontaktstelle in der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 münden. Dabei besteht zwischen der ersten seitlichen Polplatte 6.1 und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 ein erster Kanal 4.1. Zwischen der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte 6.2 und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 besteht ein zweiter Kanal 4.2. Die beiden Kanäle sind jeweils quer zu ihrer Längserstreckung von einem der beiden entgegengesetzt gepolten Magnetfelder durchsetzt. Wie aus Abbildung 2 deutlich wird, reichen die beiden seitlichen Polplatten 6.1, 6.2 seitlich neben die Kontaktstelle, wobei die mittlere Polplatte 6.3 etwas kürzer ist und vor der Kontaktstelle endet. Dadurch ergibt sich an der Kontaktstelle ein Übergangsbereich des magnetischen Blasfeldes. Etwa in der Mitte des feststehenden Kontakts 7.1 bzw. des beweglichen Kontakts 9.1 verlaufen die Magnetfeldlinien senkrecht zu den Magnetfeldlinien der beiden Magnetfelder in den Kanälen 4.1 und 4.2. Im Übergangsbereich sind die Magnetfeldlinien quasi über einen Winkel von 180° aufgefächert. Die Richtung des Magnetfelds im Kanal 4.1 wird dadurch im Übergangsbereich umgekehrt, bis sie schließlich der Richtung des Magnetfelds im Kanal 4.2 entspricht.The pole plates define between them two channels, both of which open respectively starting from the first contact point in the arc quenching device 5.1. In this case, there is a first channel 4.1 between the first lateral pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3. Between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3 is a second channel 4.2. The two channels are interspersed transversely to their longitudinal extent of one of the two oppositely poled magnetic fields. How out Figure 2 becomes clear, extend the two lateral pole plates 6.1, 6.2 laterally next to the contact point, the middle pole plate 6.3 is slightly shorter and ends before the contact point. This results in a transition region of the magnetic blowing field at the contact point. Approximately in the middle of the fixed contact 7.1 or the movable contact 9.1, the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the magnetic field lines of the two magnetic fields in the channels 4.1 and 4.2. In the transition region, the magnetic field lines are fanned out virtually over an angle of 180 °. The direction of the magnetic field in the channel 4.1 is thereby reversed in the transition region until it finally corresponds to the direction of the magnetic field in the channel 4.2.

Ist nun der erste Anschlusskontakt 8.1 mit dem Pluspol einer Spannungsquelle verbunden, so entsteht beim Öffnen der Kontakte an der ersten Kontaktstelle ein Schaltlichtbogen 3.1, der durch das magnetische Blasfeld in Figur 2 zunächst nach rechts ausgelenkt wird und anschließend in den Kanal 4.2 zwischen der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte 6.2 und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 eintritt. Die Bewegungsrichtung des Schaltlichtbogens 3.1 ist für diesen Fall mit dem Pfeil 24 verdeutlicht. Ist der erste Anschlusskontakt 8.1 mit dem Minuspol der Spannungsquelle verbunden, so wird der Schaltlichtbogen zunächst in entgegengesetzter Richtung nach links ausgelenkt. Er tritt anschießend entlang des durch den Pfeil 25 verdeutlichten Pfads in den linken Kanal 4.1 zwischen der ersten seitlichen Polplatte 6.1 und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 ein. In beiden Fällen wird der Schaltlichtbogen anschießend durch das magnetische Blasfeld in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 getrieben. Die mittlere Polplatte 6.3 ist auch an dem gegenüberliegenden Ende, welches der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 zugewandt ist, etwas kürzer als die beiden seitlichen Polplatten 6.1, 6.2. Dadurch weist das magnetische Blasfeld auch kurz vor der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 einen Übergangsbereich auf, der den Schaltlichtbogen in die Mitte der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 leitet. Dadurch kann die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 kompakt gehalten werden.If the first connection contact 8.1 is now connected to the positive pole of a voltage source, then a switching arc 3.1 is produced when the contacts are opened at the first contact point, which is triggered by the magnetic blow field in FIG FIG. 2 first deflected to the right and then enters the channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3. The direction of movement of the switching arc 3.1 is illustrated for this case by the arrow 24. Is the first connection contact 8.1 with the negative pole connected to the voltage source, the switching arc is initially deflected in the opposite direction to the left. It then enters the left channel 4.1 between the first lateral pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3 along the path illustrated by the arrow 25. In both cases, the switching arc is subsequently driven through the magnetic blow field into the arc quenching device 5.1. The middle pole plate 6.3 is also at the opposite end, which faces the arc quenching device 5.1, slightly shorter than the two lateral pole plates 6.1, 6.2. As a result, the magnetic blower field also has a transition region, shortly before the arc-quenching device 5.1, which conducts the switching arc to the middle of the arc-quenching device 5.1. As a result, the arc quenching device 5.1 can be kept compact.

An der zweiten Kontaktstelle, die durch den zweiten Festkontakt 7.2 und den zweiten beweglichen Kontakt 9.2 gebildet wird, ist ebenfalls eine Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung vorgesehen, die im Wesentlichen identisch zu der Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung an der ersten Kontaktstelle aufgebaut ist. Der einzige wesentliche Unterschied ist, dass die beiden Permanentmagnete 2.1, 2.2 umgekehrt ausgerichtet sind. An der zweiten Kontaktstelle markiert somit die mittlere Polplatte 6.3 den Südpol. Die beiden seitlichen Polplatten 6.1 und 6.2 bilden jeweils den Nordpol des Magnetfelds. Wenn der erste Anschlusskontakt 8.1 mit dem Pluspol, und der zweite Anschlusskontakt 8.2 mit dem Minuspol einer Spannungsquelle verbunden sind, wird der an der zweiten Kontaktstelle entstehende Schaltlichtbogen 3.2 somit zunächst nach links ausgelenkt und tritt anschließend in den Kanal zwischen der linken seitlichen Polplatte 6.1 und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 ein. Bei umgekehrter Spannung wird der Schaltlichtbogen 3.2 an der zweiten Kontaktstelle nach rechts ausgelenkt und tritt daher in den Kanal zwischen der rechten seitlichen Polplatte 6.2 und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 ein.At the second contact point, which is formed by the second fixed contact 7.2 and the second movable contact 9.2, an arc blowing device is also provided, which is constructed substantially identical to the arc blowing device at the first contact point. The only significant difference is that the two permanent magnets 2.1, 2.2 are reversed. At the second contact point, the middle pole plate 6.3 marks the south pole. The two lateral pole plates 6.1 and 6.2 each form the north pole of the magnetic field. If the first terminal contact 8.1 with the positive pole, and the second terminal contact 8.2 connected to the negative pole of a voltage source, resulting at the second contact point switching arc 3.2 is thus initially deflected to the left and then enters the channel between the left side pole plate 6.1 and middle pole plate 6.3. When the voltage is reversed, the switching arc 3.2 is deflected to the right at the second contact point and therefore enters the channel between the right-hand side pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3.

In Figur 1 ist zu erkennen, dass mehrere sogenannte Lichtbogenleitbleche vorgesehen sind, um den Schaltlichtbogen zum einen zu führen und zum anderen auf dem Weg in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen zu strecken. Die Anordnung der Lichtbogenleitbleche wird im Folgenden zunächst wieder für die erste Kontaktstelle erläutert. Der erste Festkontakt 7.1 verfügt über ein erstes Lichtbogenleitblech 11.1 und ein zweites Lichtbogenleitblech 12.1. Dem gegenüberliegenden ersten beweglichen Kontakt 9.1 sind ebenfalls zwei Lichtbogenleitbleche zugeordnet, nämlich ein drittes Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1 und ein viertes Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1. Das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1 und das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1 sind nicht mit dem beweglichen Kontakt 9.1 bzw. mit der Kontaktbrücke 10 verbunden, sondern fest in dem Schaltgerät installiert. Zwischen dem dritten Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1 und der Kontaktbrücke 10 bzw. zwischen dem vierten Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1 und der Kontaktbrücke 10 besteht daher der in Figur 2 angedeutete Spalt 22. Das erste Lichtbogenleitblech 11.1 bildet zusammen mit dem dritten Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1 ein Lichtbogenleitblechpaar, welches dem ersten Kanal 4.1 zwischen dem ersten seitlichen Polblech 6.1 und dem mittleren Polblech 6.3 zugeordnet ist. Das zweite Lichtbogenleitblech 12.1 bildet zusammen mit dem vierten Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1 ebenfalls ein Lichtbogenleitblechpaar, welches dem zweiten Kanal 4.2 zwischen dem zweiten seitlichen Polblech 6.2 und dem mittleren Polblech 6.3 zugeordnet ist. Die beiden Lichtbogenleitbleche eines Lichtbogenleitblechpaars laufen von der Kontaktstelle ausgehend auseinander, um den Schaltlichtbogen auf dem Weg in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung zu strecken.In FIG. 1 It can be seen that a plurality of so-called arc guide are provided to guide the switching arc on the one hand and to stretch on the way to the arc quenching on the other. The arrangement of the arc guide plates is first explained again below for the first contact point. The first fixed contact 7.1 has a first arc guide plate 11.1 and a second arc guide plate 12.1. The opposite first movable contact 9.1 are also associated with two Lichtbogenleitbleche, namely a third arc guide plate 13.1 and a fourth Arc guide plate 14.1. The third arc guide plate 13.1 and the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 are not connected to the movable contact 9.1 or to the contact bridge 10, but permanently installed in the switching device. Between the third arc guide plate 13.1 and the contact bridge 10 and between the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 and the contact bridge 10 there is therefore in FIG. 2 indicated gap 22. The first arc guide plate 11.1, together with the third arc guide plate 13.1 an arc guide plate pair, which is assigned to the first channel 4.1 between the first side pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3. The second arc guide plate 12.1, together with the fourth arc guide plate 14.1, likewise forms an arc guide plate pair, which is assigned to the second channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3. The two arc guide plates of an arc guide plate pair run apart from the contact point in order to stretch the switching arc on the way to the arc quenching device.

An der zweiten Kontaktstelle sind ebenfalls entsprechende Lichtbogenleitbleche vorgesehen, wobei das dritte und vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1, 14.1 an der ersten Kontaktstelle jeweils mit dem entsprechenden dritten und vierten Lichtbogenleitblech 13.2, 14.2 an der zweiten Kontaktstelle potenzialverbunden sind. Das bedeutet, das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1 an der ersten Kontaktstelle ist über eine elektrische Verbindung 15 mit dem dritten Lichtbogenleitblech 13.2 an der zweiten Kontaktstelle leitend verbunden. Ebenso ist das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1 an der ersten Kontaktstelle über eine elektrische Verbindung 16 mit dem vierten Lichtbogenleitblech 14.2 an der zweiten Kontaktstelle elektrisch verbunden. Zusätzlich besteht zwischen dem dritten Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1 und dem vierten Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1 an der ersten Kontaktstelle eine elektrische Verbindung 17, in der eine Diode 18 vorgesehen ist, die nur eine Stromrichtung zulässt. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Diode nur erforderlich ist, falls das Schaltschütz bei AC-Anwendungen eingesetzt wird. Der zweite Festkontakt 7.2 ist mit den beiden Lichtbogenleitblechen 11.2 und 12.2 verbunden. Das Lichtbogenleitblech 11.2 bildet dabei an der zweiten Kontaktstelle das erste Lichtbogenleitblech. Das Lichtbogenleitblech 12.2 bildet das zweite Lichtbogenleitblech.Corresponding arc guide plates are likewise provided at the second contact point, the third and fourth arc guide plates 13.1, 14.1 being respectively connected to the first contact point with the corresponding third and fourth arc guide plates 13.2, 14.2 at the second contact point. This means that the third arc guide plate 13.1 at the first contact point is conductively connected via an electrical connection 15 to the third arc guide plate 13.2 at the second contact point. Likewise, the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 is electrically connected at the first contact point via an electrical connection 16 to the fourth arc guide plate 14.2 at the second contact point. In addition, there is an electrical connection 17 between the third arc guide plate 13.1 and the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 at the first contact point, in which a diode 18 is provided which only permits one current direction. It should be noted that the diode is only required if the contactor is used in AC applications. The second fixed contact 7.2 is connected to the two arc guide plates 11.2 and 12.2. The arc guide plate 11.2 forms the first arc guide plate at the second contact point. The arc guide plate 12.2 forms the second arc guide plate.

Im Folgenden wird die Funktion der Lichtbogenleitbleche und der entsprechenden elektrischen Verbindungsleitungen näher erläutert. Wenn der erste Anschlusskontakt 8.1 mit dem Pluspol und der zweite Anschlusskontakt 8.2 mit dem Minuspol einer Spannungsquelle verbunden sind, so tritt der Schaltlichtbogen 3.1, der an der ersten Kontaktstelle entsteht, in den zweiten Kanal 4.2 zwischen der zweiten seitlichen Polplatte 6.2 und der mittleren Polplatte 6.3 ein. Zum Zeitpunkt der Entstehung des Schaltlichtbogens 3.1 besteht dieser zwischen dem ersten Festkontakt 7.1 und dem ersten beweglichen Kontakt 9.1, welcher auf der Kontaktbrücke 10 angeordnet ist. Um in den Kanal 4.2 eintreten zu können, muss der Schaltlichtbogen von der Kontaktbrücke 10 auf das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1 überspringen. Der Strom fließt dabei vom ersten Festkontakt 7.1 über das zweite Lichtbogenleitblech 12.1, den ersten Schaltlichtbogen 3.1, das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1, die elektrische Verbindungsleitung 17, das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1, die elektrische Verbindungsleitung 15, das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13.2 an der zweiten Kontaktstelle, den zweiten Schaltlichtbogen 3.2 und das erste Lichtbogenleitblech 11.2 an der zweiten Kontaktstelle zum zweiten Festkontakt 7.2. Dieser Fall ist in Figur 3 dargestellt.The function of the arc guide plates and the corresponding electrical connection lines is explained in more detail below. If the first connection contact 8.1 with the positive pole and the second connection contact 8.2 with the negative pole of a voltage source are connected, the switching arc 3.1, which arises at the first contact point, enters the second channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the middle pole plate 6.3. At the time of the emergence of the switching arc 3.1, this exists between the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1, which is arranged on the contact bridge 10. In order to be able to enter the channel 4.2, the switching arc must jump from the contact bridge 10 to the fourth arc guide plate 14.1. The current flows from the first fixed contact 7.1 via the second arc guide plate 12.1, the first switching arc 3.1, the fourth arc guide plate 14.1, the electrical connection line 17, the third arc guide plate 13.1, the electrical connection line 15, the third arc guide plate 13.2 at the second contact point, the second Switching arc 3.2 and the first arc guide plate 11.2 at the second contact point to the second fixed contact 7.2. This case is in FIG. 3 shown.

Bei entgegengesetzt angelegter Spannung stellt sich der in Figur 4 gezeigte Fall ein. Der Strom fließt dabei vom zweiten Festkontakt 7.2 über das zweite Lichtbogenleitblech 12.2 an der zweiten Kontaktstelle, den zweiten Schaltlichtbogen 3.2, das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14.2, die elektrische Verbindungsleitung 16, das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1, die elektrische Verbindungsleitung 17, das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1, den ersten Schaltlichtbogen 3.1 und das erste Lichtbogenleiblech 11.1 an der ersten Kontaktstelle zum ersten Festkontakt 7.1. In beiden Fällen werden der erste Schaltlichtbogen 3.1 und der zweite Schaltlichtbogen 3.2 durch die Lichtbogenleitbleche entsprechend gestreckt und schlussendlich in der zugehörigen Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung zum Erlöschen gebracht.With oppositely applied voltage, the in FIG. 4 shown case. The current flows from the second fixed contact 7.2 via the second arc guide plate 12.2 at the second contact point, the second switching arc 3.2, the fourth arc guide plate 14.2, the electrical connection line 16, the fourth arc guide plate 14.1, the electrical connection line 17, the third arc guide plate 13.1, the first Switching arc 3.1 and the first Lichtbogenleiblech 11.1 at the first contact point to the first fixed contact 7.1. In both cases, the first switching arc 3.1 and the second switching arc 3.2 are appropriately stretched by the arc guide plates and finally extinguished in the associated arc quenching device.

Durch den Einsatz der Diode 18 in der elektrischen Verbindungsleitung 17 zwischen dem dritten Lichtbogenleitblech 13.1 und dem vierten Lichtbogenleitblech 14.1 an der ersten Kontaktstelle ist das erfindungsgemäße Schaltgerät auch für einen Wechselstrombetrieb geeignet. Entstehen die Schaltlichtbögen 3.1 und 3.2 während der positiven Halbwelle, so stellt sich zunächst der in Figur 3 gezeigte Zustand ein. Bei einer Netzfrequenz von 50 Hz beträgt die Dauer der positiven Halbwelle 10 Millisekunden. Es verbleibt dadurch genügend Zeit, so dass der Schaltlichtbogen von der Kontaktbrücke auf das entsprechende Lichtbogenleitblech überspringen kann. Der Übergang zur negativen Halbwelle wird durch den Einsatz der Diode 18 schlichtweg verhindert. Die Stromrichtung kann sich nicht mehr umkehren. Es kommt zu einer Wiederverfestigung, wodurch der Schaltlichtbogen in der negativen Halbwelle nicht wiederzünden kann. Gleiches gilt für den Fall, dass der Schaltlichtbogen während der negativen Halbwelle entsteht. In diesem Fall stellt sich zunächst die in Figur 4 gezeigte Situation ein. Auch hierbei kommt es wiederum zu einer Wiederverfestigung und zu einer Verhinderung einer Wiederzündung des Lichtbogens.By using the diode 18 in the electrical connection line 17 between the third arc guide plate 13.1 and the fourth arc guide plate 14.1 at the first contact point, the switching device according to the invention is also suitable for AC operation. If the switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 occur during the positive half cycle, then the in FIG. 3 shown state. At a mains frequency of 50 Hz, the duration of the positive half cycle is 10 milliseconds. This leaves enough time so that the switching arc can jump from the contact bridge to the corresponding arc guide plate. The transition to the negative half wave is simply prevented by the use of the diode 18. The current direction can not reverse. It comes to a reconsolidation, causing the switching arc in the negative half-wave can not reconnect. The same applies in the event that the switching arc occurs during the negative half-wave. In this case, first the in FIG. 4 shown situation. Again, it comes to a reconsolidation and to prevent re-ignition of the arc.

Die Figuren 5 bis 8 zeigen ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgeräts 1. Der Aufbau entspricht im Prinzip dem Aufbau des Schaltgeräts aus den Figuren 1 bis 4. Gleiche Teile sind durch gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnet. Im Folgenden werden im Wesentlichen die Unterschiede zu dem Beispiel aus den Figuren 1 bis 4 beschrieben.The FIGS. 5 to 8 show an embodiment of a switching device according to the invention 1. The structure corresponds in principle to the structure of the switching device from the FIGS. 1 to 4 , Like parts are designated by like reference numerals. The following are essentially the differences from the example of the FIGS. 1 to 4 described.

Wie aus Figur 6 hervorgeht, ist die Kontaktbrücke 10 mit den beiden beweglichen Kontakten 9.1 und 9.2 im Gegensatz zu dem Beispiel aus den Figuren 1 bis 4 oberhalb der beiden Festkontakte 7.1 und 7.2 angeordnet. Der elektromagnetische Antrieb 19 befindet sich wie bei dem Beispiel aus den Figuren 1 bis 4 unterhalb der beiden Kontaktstellen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der obere Teil des Gehäuses zu Wartungszwecken komplett abgenommen werden kann, wodurch freier Zugang zu den Kontakten ermöglicht wird. Die Verriegelung des oberen Gehäuseteils erfolgt mittels des in Figur 5 gezeigten Riegels 26.How out FIG. 6 shows, the contact bridge 10 with the two movable contacts 9.1 and 9.2 in contrast to the example of the FIGS. 1 to 4 above the two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2 arranged. The electromagnetic drive 19 is located as in the example of the FIGS. 1 to 4 below the two contact points. This has the advantage that the upper part of the housing can be completely removed for maintenance purposes, allowing free access to the contacts. The locking of the upper housing part by means of in FIG. 5 shown bolt 26.

Auch das Schaltgerät gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel verfügt über zwei Kontaktstellen. Der ersten Kontaktstelle 7.1/9.1 ist eine erste Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung zugeordnet, der zweiten Kontaktstelle 7.2/9.2 ist eine zweite Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung zugeordnet. Die erste Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung ist in Figur 8 in der unteren Bildhälfte dargestellt, die zweite Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung nimmt in Figur 8 die obere Bildhälfte ein. Die erste Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung und die zweite Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung sind im Wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander aufgebaut. Die magnetische Polung der Polplatten 6.1, 6.2 und 6.3 der ersten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung stimmt bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel daher mit der magnetischen Polung der Polplatten 6.1, 6.2 und 6.3 der zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung überein.Also, the switching device according to the embodiment of the invention has two contact points. The first contact point 7.1 / 9.1 is associated with a first arc blowing device, the second contact point 7.2 / 9.2 is associated with a second arc blowing device. The first arc blower is in FIG. 8 shown in the lower half, the second arc blower takes in FIG. 8 the upper half of the picture. The first arc blowing device and the second arc blowing device are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another. The magnetic polarity of the pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of the first arc blowing device in this embodiment is therefore identical to the magnetic polarity of the pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of the second arc blowing device.

Die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung des Schaltgeräts 1 weist an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Gehäuses eine erste Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 und eine zweite Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.2 auf. Die erste Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 ist der ersten Kontaktstelle 7.1/9.1 zugeordnet. Erster Kanal 4.1 und zweiter Kanal 4.2 der ersten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung, welche der ersten Kontaktstelle zugeordnet ist, münden jeweils in die erste Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1. Die zweite Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.2 ist der zweiten Kontaktstelle 7.2/9.2 zugeordnet. Erster Kanal 4.1 und zweiter Kanal 4.2 der zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung, welche der zweiten Kontaktstelle zugeordnet ist, münden jeweils in die zweite Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.2. An der Oberseite des Gehäuses ist ferner eine dritte Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.3 angeordnet, wobei die ersten und zweiten Kanäle der ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtungen auch in die dritte Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.3 münden. Durch die dritte Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung wird das Löschpotential bei Bedarf erhöht. Teile des Gehäuses, die zwischen den Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen liegen, können durch geeignete Kupferplatten 32 vor dem Lichtbogen geschützt werden. Alle drei Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen 5.1, 5.2, und 5.3 weisen jeweils mehrere Löschelemente 29 und 30 auf, die abwechselnd aufeinandergestapelt sind. Die Löschelemente bestehen aus Keramik. Sie weisen an demjenigen Ende, das der Kontaktstelle zugewandt ist, jeweils zwei keilförmige Flanken auf, wobei sich die keilförmigen Flanken eines ersten in Figur 9 gezeigten Löschelements 29 mit den keilförmigen Flanken eines darauffolgenden zweiten Löschelements 30 zu zwei V-förmigen Nuten 31, die jeweils einem der beiden Kanäle 4.1 und 4.2 zugeordnet sind, ergänzen. Das zweite Löschelement 30 ist in Figur 10 gezeigt, die sich ergebenden V-förmigen Nuten sind in Figur 11 dargestellt. Je nach Stromrichtung wird der Lichtbogen entweder durch den ersten Kanal 4.1 oder durch den zweiten Kanal 4.2 der jeweiligen Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung in eine der beiden V-förmigen Nuten geblasen.The arc quenching device of the switching device 1 has on opposite sides of the housing a first arc quenching device 5.1 and a second arc quenching device 5.2. The first arc quenching device 5.1 is assigned to the first contact point 7.1 / 9.1. First channel 4.1 and second channel 4.2 of the first arc blowing device, which is assigned to the first contact point, respectively open into the first arc-extinguishing device 5.1. The second arc quenching device 5.2 is the second contact point 7.2 / 9.2. First channel 4.1 and second channel 4.2 of the second arc blowing device, which is assigned to the second contact point, respectively open into the second arc-extinguishing device 5.2. On the upper side of the housing, a third arc-quenching device 5.3 is further arranged, wherein the first and second channels of the first and second arc-blowing devices also open into the third arc-quenching device 5.3. The third arc quenching device increases the quenching potential as needed. Parts of the housing that lie between the arc extinguishing devices can be protected from the arc by suitable copper plates 32. All three arc extinguishing devices 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 each have a plurality of extinguishing elements 29 and 30, which are stacked alternately. The extinguishing elements are made of ceramic. They have at the end which faces the contact point, in each case two wedge-shaped flanks, wherein the wedge-shaped flanks of a first in FIG. 9 shown extinguishing element 29 with the wedge-shaped flanks of a subsequent second extinguishing element 30 to two V-shaped grooves 31, which are each associated with one of the two channels 4.1 and 4.2 complete. The second erasing element 30 is in FIG. 10 shown, the resulting V-shaped grooves are in FIG. 11 shown. Depending on the current direction of the arc is blown either through the first channel 4.1 or through the second channel 4.2 of the respective arc blowing device in one of the two V-shaped grooves.

Dem ersten Festkontakt 7.1 ist ein erstes Lichtbogenleitblech 11 zugeordnet und dem zweiten Festkontakt 7.2 ist ein zweites Lichtbogenleitblech 12 zugeordnet. Das erste Lichtbogenleitblech 11 und das zweite Lichtbogenleitblech 12 erstrecken sich zwischen dem jeweiligen Festkontakt 7.1 bzw. 7.2 und der jeweils zugehörigen Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 bzw. 5.2. Sie verbinden jeweils den Festkontakt 7.1 bzw. 7.2 mit dem zugehörigen Anschlusskontakt 8.1 bzw. 8.2. Das erste Lichtbogenleitblech 11 und das zweite Lichtbogenleitblech 12 sind unterhalb der jeweiligen mittleren Polplatte 6.3 angeordnet und sie erstrecken sich in der Breite jeweils sowohl über den ersten Kanal 4.1 als auch über den parallelen zweiten Kanal 4.2 der zugehörigen Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung. Ferner sind ein drittes Lichtbogenleitblech 13 und ein viertes Lichtbogenleitblech 14 vorgesehen. Das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13 und das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14 erstrecken sich jeweils bogenförmig vom ersten beweglichen Kontakt 9.1 zum zweiten beweglichen Kontakt 9.2, sodass das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13 und das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14 zusammen mit der Kontaktbrücke 10 jeweils eine nahezu geschlossene Schlaufe bilden.The first fixed contact 7.1 is assigned a first arc guide plate 11 and the second fixed contact 7.2 is associated with a second arc guide plate 12. The first arc guide plate 11 and the second arc guide plate 12 extend between the respective fixed contact 7.1 or 7.2 and the respective associated arc quenching 5.1 or 5.2. They each connect the fixed contact 7.1 or 7.2 with the associated connection contact 8.1 or 8.2. The first arc guide plate 11 and the second arc guide plate 12 are arranged below the respective middle pole plate 6.3 and they extend in width both via the first channel 4.1 and via the parallel second channel 4.2 of the associated arc blowing device. Furthermore, a third arc guide plate 13 and a fourth arc guide plate 14 are provided. The third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14 each extend arcuately from the first movable contact 9.1 to the second movable contact 9.2, so that the third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14 together with the contact bridge 10 each form a nearly closed loop.

Wie Figur 6 zeigt, sind die mittleren Polplatten 6.3 der ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung jeweils zwischen drittem Lichtbogenleitblech 13 und viertem Lichtbogenleitblech 14 angeordnet. Das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13 befindet sich in der Darstellung der Figur 6 hinter den beiden mittleren Polplatten 6.3 und ist daher in dieser Abbildung gestrichelt dargestellt.As FIG. 6 shows, the middle pole plates 6.3 of the first and second arc blowing device respectively between the third arc guide plate 13 and fourth arc guide plate 14 are arranged. The third arc guide plate 13 is located in the representation of FIG. 6 behind the two middle pole plates 6.3 and is therefore shown in dashed lines in this figure.

Die Enden des dritten Lichtbogenleitblechs 13 und des vierten Lichtbogenleitblechs 14 sind jeweils geringfügig von den Enden der Kontaktbrücke 10 beabstandet, so dass die Kontaktbrücke 10 relativ zum dritten und vierten Lichtbogenleitblech bewegt werden kann. Ein Fußpunkt des Schaltlichtbogens springt von der Kontaktbrücke auf das dritte bzw. vierte Lichtbogenleitblech über, wenn der Schaltlichtbogen aus der Kontaktstelle geblasen wird. Die Ecken der Kontaktbrücke sind vorzugsweise abgerundet, um die Lebensdauer zu erhöhen.The ends of the third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14 are each slightly spaced from the ends of the contact bridge 10, so that the contact bridge 10 can be moved relative to the third and fourth arc guide plate. A base of the switching arc jumps from the contact bridge on the third and fourth arc guide plate when the switching arc is blown out of the contact point. The corners of the contact bridge are preferably rounded to increase the life.

Der erste Blasmagnet 2.1 der ersten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung und der erste Blasmagnet 2.1 der zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung sind innerhalb der Schlaufe angeordnet, die durch das dritte Lichtbogenleitblech 13 und die Kontaktbrücke 10 gebildet wird, wobei der zweite Blasmagnet 2.2 der ersten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung und der zweite Blasmagnet 2.2 der zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung innerhalb der Schlaufe angeordnet sind, die durch das vierte Lichtbogenleitblech 14 und die Kontaktbrücke 10 gebildet wird. Dadurch sind die Blasmagneten auf einfache Weise vom Lichtbogen abgeschirmt. Eine Schutzumhüllung der Blasmagneten aus Keramik oder dergleichen ist nicht erforderlich.The first blowing magnet 2.1 of the first arc blowing device and the first blowing magnet 2.1 of the second arc blowing device are disposed within the loop formed by the third arc guide plate 13 and the contact bridge 10, the second blowing magnet 2.2 of the first arc blowing device and the second blowing magnet 2.2 of the second arc blowing device are arranged within the loop, which is formed by the fourth arc guide plate 14 and the contact bridge 10. As a result, the blowing magnets are easily shielded from the arc. A protective sheath of the blowing magnets made of ceramic or the like is not required.

Die mittleren Polplatten 6.3 der ersten und zweiten Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung sind elektrisch isolierend ummantelt. Die Kontaktbrücke 10 ist auf einem Kontaktträger 27 aus elektrisch isolierendem Material angeordnet. Wie Figur 7 zeigt, erstreckt sich der Kontaktträger 27 zwischen der ersten Kontaktstelle und der zweiten Kontaktstelle über die lichte Breite des Gehäuses des Schaltgeräts. Der Kontaktträger taucht beidseitig in entsprechende Nuten des Gehäuses ein, so dass für das Plasma, das durch den Lichtbogen gebildet wird, eine Barriere nach Art einer Labyrinthdichtung gebildet wird. Unterhalb des Kontaktträgers 27 ist ferner ein Faltenbalg 28 angeordnet, um einen Masseschluss zu vermeiden, der ansonsten aufgrund des durch den Lichtbogen erzeugten Plasmas bei einem Überschlag des Lichtbogens auf die Jochplatte des Antriebs des Schaltgeräts stattfindet, falls entsprechend hohe Lasten geschaltet werden.The middle pole plates 6.3 of the first and second arc blowers are encased in an electrically insulating manner. The contact bridge 10 is arranged on a contact carrier 27 made of electrically insulating material. As FIG. 7 shows, the contact carrier 27 extends between the first contact point and the second contact point on the clear width of the housing of the switching device. The contact carrier dips on both sides into corresponding grooves of the housing, so that a barrier of the type of a labyrinth seal is formed for the plasma formed by the arc. Below the contact carrier 27, a bellows 28 is further arranged to avoid a short to ground, which otherwise takes place due to the arc generated by the arc in a flashover of the arc on the yoke plate of the drive of the switching device, if correspondingly high loads are switched.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 5 bis 8 werden die beiden Schaltlichtbögen 3.1 und 3.2, die an den Kontaktstellen 7.1/9.1 und 7.2/9.2 entstehen, in der Darstellung der Figur 8 je nach Stromrichtung zunächst entweder beide nach rechts oder beide nach links abgelenkt, dann in die jeweilige Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.1 bzw. 5.2, und in weiterer Folge auch in die dritte Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 5.3 geblasen. Je nach Stromrichtung werden die Schaltlichtbögen 3.1 und 3.2 somit entweder durch die Kanäle 4.1 oder, so wie es in Figur 6 gezeigt ist, durch die Kanäle 4.2 in die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtungen getrieben.In the embodiment according to the invention according to the FIGS. 5 to 8 the two switching arcs are 3.1 and 3.2, which arise at the contact points 7.1 / 9.1 and 7.2 / 9.2, in the representation of FIG. 8 depending on the current direction, either first deflected either to the right or both to the left, then into the respective arc quenching device 5.1 or 5.2, and subsequently into the third arc quenching device 5.3. Depending on the current direction, the switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 are thus either through the channels 4.1 or, as it is in FIG. 6 shown is driven through the channels 4.2 in the arc extinguishing equipment.

Claims (11)

  1. Switching device (1) with at least one contact point and an arc blow device associated with said contact point, where said arc blow device comprises at least one blow magnet (2.1, 2.2) for generating a magnetic blow field, where said blow field is of such nature that a switch arc (3.1, 3.2) developing when said contact point opens is blown out from said contact point, wherein said blow field comprises a first magnetic field area and a second magnetic field area arranged adjacent to said first magnetic field area, wherein said switching device (1) further comprises an arc extinguishing device (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) which is arranged such that said switch arc (3.1, 3.2) is blown through said arc blow device into said arc extinguishing device (5.1, 5.2, 5.3), irrespective of the direction of the current, wherein said arc blow device comprises a first lateral pole plate (6.1), a second lateral pole plate (6.2) and an interposed center pole plate (6.3), where said first magnetic field area is given between said first lateral pole plate (6.1) and said center pole plate (6.3), and where said second magnetic field area is given between said second lateral pole plate (6.2) and said center pole plate (6.3), wherein said first lateral pole plate (6.1) is associated with at least one first blow magnet (2.1), and said second lateral pole plate (6.2) with at least one second blow magnet (2.2), where said first blow magnet (2.1) and said second blow magnet (2.2) are poled oppositely, and where said blow magnets (2.1, 2.2) are permanent magnets, wherein said switching device (1) comprises a first contact point and a second contact point, where said first contact point is associated with a first arc blow device and said second contact point with a second arc blow device, where said first contact point comprises a first fixed contact (7.1) and a first moveable contact (9.1), where said second contact point comprises a second fixed contact (7.2) and a second movable contact (9.2), where said first movable contact (9.1) and said second movable contact (9.2) are arranged at oppositely disposed ends of a common contact bridge (10), where said first fixed contact (7.1) is associated with at least one first arc guide plate (11) and said second fixed contact (7.2) with at least one second arc guide plate (12), where said first arc guide plate (11) and said second arc guide plate (12) extend between said respective fixed contact (7.1, 7.2) and said arc extinguishing device (5.1, 5.2) and are conductively connected to said respective fixed contact (7.1, 7.2), where furthermore a third arc guide plate (13) and a fourth arc guide plate (14) are provided, characterized in that magnetic field lines of said first magnetic field area are oriented in opposite direction to magnetic field lines of said second magnetic field area, and where said blow field further comprises a transition area which connects said first magnetic field area and said second magnetic field area with each other, where the orientation of said magnetic field lines in said transition area, each starting out from said first magnetic field area and said second magnetic field area, aligns toward said contact point so that said switch arc (3.1, 3.2) within said transition area is in dependence of the direction of the current, starting out from said contact point, directed either into said first magnetic field area or into said second magnetic field area and there in both cases blown in the same direction away from said contact point, wherein said third arc guide plate (13) and said fourth arc guide plate (14) each extend in an arcuate manner from said first movable contact (9.1) to said second movable contact (9.2), so that said third arc guide plate (13) and said fourth arc guide plate (14) together with said contact bridge (10) each form an almost closed loop, and where said center pole plates (6.3) of said first and said second arc blow device are each arranged between said third and said fourth arc guide plate (13, 14).
  2. Switching device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first magnetic field area is associated with a first channel (4.1) and said second magnetic field area with a second channel (4,2), where said first channel (4.1) and said second channel (4.2) extend in parallel and are arranged adjacently, and where said first channel (4.1) is transverse to its longitudinal extension permeated by the magnetic field lines of said first magnetic field area, and said second channel (4.2) is transverse to its longitudinal extension permeated by the magnetic field lines of said second magnetic field area.
  3. Switching device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said center pole plate (6.3) at least at one first end facing said contact point is shorter than said two lateral pole plates (6.1, 6.2).
  4. Switching device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that said two lateral pole plates (6.1, 6.2) extend laterally adjacent to said contact point, so that said contact point is located between a first end of said first lateral pole plate (6.1) and a first end of said second lateral pole plate (6.2).
  5. Switching device (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said center pole plate (6.3) is at a second end disposed opposite to its first end also shorter than said two lateral pole plates (6.1, 6.2).
  6. Switching device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first blow magnet (2.1) of said first arc blow device and said first blow magnet (2.1) of said second arc blow device are disposed within the loop being formed by said third arc guide plate (13) and said contact bridge (10), where said second blow magnet (2.2) of said first arc blow device and said second blow magnet (2.2) of said second arc blow device are disposed within the loop being formed by said fourth arc guide plate (14) and said contact bridge (10).
  7. Switching device (1) according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that said center pole plates (6.3) of said first and said second arc blow device are sheathed in an electrically insulating manner.
  8. Switching device (1) according to one of the claims 1, 6 or 7, each in combination with claim 2, characterized in that said arc extinguishing device (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) comprises a first arc extinguishing device (5.1) and a second arc extinguishing device (5.2), where said first and said second arc extinguishing devices (5.1, 5.2) are arranged at oppositely disposed sides of a casing of said switching device (1) such that said first channel (4.1) and said second channel (4.2) of said first arc blow device lead to said first arc extinguishing device (5.1), where said first channel (4.1) and said second channel (4.2) of said second arc blow device lead to said second arc extinguishing device (5.2).
  9. Switching device (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that a third arc extinguishing device (5.3) is further disposed on an upper side of said casing connecting the two oppositely disposed sides of said casing such that said first and said second channels (4.1, 4.2) of said first and said second arc blow devices also lead to said third arc extinguishing device (5.3).
  10. Switching device (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that said arc extinguishing device (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) can be completely removed, possibly together with said two arc blow devices.
  11. Switching device (1) according to one of the claims 1 or 6 to 7, characterized in that said contact bridge (10) is arranged on a contact carrier (27) made of electrically insulating material, where said contact carrier (27) extends between said first contact point and said second contact point across the clear width of said casing of said switching device (1).
EP16000145.9A 2015-01-22 2016-01-21 Switching device with permanent magnetic arc extinction Active EP3048626B1 (en)

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RU2016101644A (en) 2017-07-26
CN109036908A (en) 2018-12-18
EP3048626A1 (en) 2016-07-27
DE102015000796A1 (en) 2016-07-28
ZA201600490B (en) 2017-05-31
JP2016146333A (en) 2016-08-12
US9991073B2 (en) 2018-06-05
EP3157032A1 (en) 2017-04-19
CN105826102A (en) 2016-08-03
CN105826102B (en) 2018-08-03
RU2629563C9 (en) 2018-01-19
KR101784586B1 (en) 2017-10-11
KR20160090770A (en) 2016-08-01
CN109036908B (en) 2020-02-11
EP3157032B1 (en) 2020-03-04
UA113925C2 (en) 2017-03-27
ES2636797T3 (en) 2017-10-09
DE102015000796B4 (en) 2017-03-02
JP6706081B2 (en) 2020-06-03
ES2778843T3 (en) 2020-08-12
RU2629563C2 (en) 2017-08-30
US20160217951A1 (en) 2016-07-28

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