EP3941595A1 - Procede de traitement de materiaux energetiques par oxydation hydrothermale - Google Patents
Procede de traitement de materiaux energetiques par oxydation hydrothermaleInfo
- Publication number
- EP3941595A1 EP3941595A1 EP20728107.2A EP20728107A EP3941595A1 EP 3941595 A1 EP3941595 A1 EP 3941595A1 EP 20728107 A EP20728107 A EP 20728107A EP 3941595 A1 EP3941595 A1 EP 3941595A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- energetic materials
- materials
- particles
- hydrothermal oxidation
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0091—Elimination of undesirable or temporary components of an intermediate or finished product, e.g. making porous or low density products, purifying, stabilising, drying; Deactivating; Reclaiming
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/06—Explosives, propellants or pyrotechnics, e.g. rocket fuel or napalm
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the treatment of energetic materials.
- the invention relates more particularly to a process for treating energetic materials by hydrothermal oxidation.
- waste from an energy materials manufacturing site is a fundamental point of its activities.
- energetic material waste is found in different forms: raw material (liquid, powder, etc.), pasty, crosslinked propellant, or waste soiled by the pyrotechnic material.
- the waste is often treated by burning in the open air, a relatively inexpensive treatment method that does not respect the environment because of the substances emitted which are mainly CO, C0, NO, N0 2 , Al 2 0, HCl. It is thus conventional to treat waste propellants by burning them.
- propellants which contain a binder, ammonium perchlorate and aluminum; propellants which contain in addition to these compounds nitramines; and propellants with lower levels of ammonium perchlorate and higher levels of nitramine.
- An alternative to the burning of propellants containing ammonium perchlorate levels greater than 50% comprises fine grinding of said propellants under water, which allows ammonium perchlorate to be dissolved in water, this water then being treated in a biological manner. .
- the remaining insoluble part (solid) contains the propellant binder, nitramines and other compounds (plasticizers, stabilizers, additives) which are treated by incineration, directly or after having been mixed with large quantities of inert solid (sand, powder compound ). It will be understood that this alternative combining biological treatment then incineration cannot be applied to propellants containing high levels of nitro compounds which are not very soluble in water (for example nitramines of the RDX or HDX type).
- the incineration of energetic materials rendered inert is carried out by specialized companies, which requires transporting the products to the incineration zones.
- a classification for the transport of dangerous goods is compulsory but difficult to obtain, because the materials are difficult to classify because their nature may vary from one batch to another.
- One of the possible solutions for incinerating pyrotechnic materials in conventional processes is the dilution of these materials with inert compounds before their transport; however the mass of the compounds necessary to ensure the inerting of the waste, represents between 90 and 99% of the total mass. Consequently, the mass of waste to be ultimately treated is multiplied by a factor of between 10 and 100, which has a direct impact on the cost of destruction and on the environment, in particular due to transport.
- GATS General Atomics Total Solution
- the hydrolysis step is relatively long (approximately 2 hours), for a relatively small quantity of waste to be treated (approximately 6 kg);
- the hydrolysis step requires having an air treatment system in order to treat the gaseous pollutants generated
- the invention relates to a process for treating energetic materials, in particular pyrotechnic materials, which comprises the preparation of an aqueous suspension of particles of said materials and then the hydrothermal oxidation of said suspension in an ad hoc reactor.
- the process in accordance with the invention can provide a step for recycling the water coming from the reactor at the end of the hydrothermal oxidation.
- the present invention relates to a method for treating energetic materials, in particular pyrotechnic materials, and in particular propellants, which comprises:
- the first step of the process therefore consists in preparing an aqueous suspension of particles of energetic materials to be treated. To do this, it is necessary to grind said materials.
- Several grindings are generally necessary, including one in water: the first grindings are typically carried out using cutting mills for coarse grinding; the final grinding is then carried out in a tank filled with water and equipped with an impact crusher, such as for example a crusher equipped with a rotor and stator.
- the feeding of the knife mills is in batch mode and makes it possible to reach a grinding rate of 30 to 50 kg of energetic materials per hour.
- the final grinding is carried out in a tank filled with water, containing between about 10% and about 30% by mass of energetic materials, to obtain a grind comprising particles of materials in suspension in water.
- the ground material is then filtered through a filter of suitable technology, for example a vibrating screen, such as those marketed by the company SWECO, in order (i) to remove excessively large particles, and (ii) to remove the water from grinding especially in the case where the energy waste contains ammonium perchlorate.
- a filter of suitable technology for example a vibrating screen, such as those marketed by the company SWECO.
- This ammonium perchlorate extraction phase makes it possible to limit the injection of chlorinated elements into the hydrothermal oxidation system and therefore to limit the formation of hydrochloric acid in order to control the corrosion of the system.
- the particle size of the particles of materials at the end of the filtration is advantageously less than approximately 1 mm, very advantageously less than approximately 500 ⁇ m.
- one or more surfactants are used during the final grinding in order to prevent the agglomeration of the particles and the deposition of the clusters generated.
- surfactants capable of being used in the context of the invention mention may be made of fire-fighting foam concentrates such as those of the BIO For range marketed by the company BlOex.
- the surfactant (s) is (are) advantageously used at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.5%.
- the aqueous suspension thus obtained is then subjected, in a reactor, to a hydrothermal oxidation treatment.
- the hydrothermal oxidation process consists in subjecting the particles of energetic materials to a treatment with supercritical water, that is to say water at a temperature and a pressure beyond its critical point, i.e. above 221 bars and 374 ° C.
- the hydrothermal oxidation is carried out at a pressure of between about 230 and about 280 bars and a temperature of between about 450 ° and about 600 ° C. It should be noted here that this hydrothermal oxidation reaction is carried out only in the presence of water, under the pressure and temperature conditions mentioned above. In other words, the hydrothermal oxidation reaction is carried out in the absence of any other reagent and in particular in the absence of an oxidizing agent.
- the concentration of energetic material particles in the injected suspension is from about 1% to about 20% by mass, in particular from about 5% to about 10% by mass. mass.
- the mass of energy material destroyed is thus between approximately 10 and approximately 20 kg / h.
- suspension injected into the reactor is homogeneous in order to prevent any clogging phenomenon and any uncontrolled energy input into the reactor.
- the treatment method in accordance with the invention provides for the maintenance of particles of energetic materials in suspension, upstream of the reactor.
- the suspension of particles of energetic materials obtained at the end of the filtration is placed in a feed tank of the reactor, and the maintenance of the particles in suspension in the tank is carried out by the combined action of a sequential or intermittent injection of compressed air and two recirculation loops by pumping the suspension and tangential reinjection at the bottom of the waste storage tank.
- the injection of compressed air is carried out under a plate arranged in the center and at the bottom of the tank, which makes it possible to generate a bubble with toroidal development, which will itself generate an essentially radial movement of the particles.
- This radial movement acts in a complementary manner to the tangential movement generated by pumping.
- the method according to the invention allows total destruction (> 99.8%) of the particles of energetic materials. This process also has the following advantages:
- the main components are carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water, with no impact on the local air quality.
- the residual concentrations and fluxes of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides (traces) fully comply with the discharge requirements of French regulations.
- the combustion in the open air of composite propellant generates a flux of carbon monoxide of the order of 3.10 3 kg / kg prop .
- the carbon monoxide emissions from the process of the invention are less than 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 kg / kg prop , ie an improvement greater than 99.5%.
- nitrogen oxides for quantities burned greater than several tens of kg, atmospheric emissions from open burning are greater than 0.01 kg / kg prop .
- the rejection is limited to 4.6.10 5 kg / kg prop , that is again an improvement greater than 99.5%.
- liquids they are essentially made up of water and nitric acid, the latter being compatible with conventional water treatment or even nitric acid recovery processes depending on the concentration obtained.
- solid alumina will be generated if the treated waste is an aluminum-based composite propellant.
- hydrothermal oxidation generates water as a liquid waste. This water can be recycled (in a continuous process) either to prepare the energy waste suspension (first stage of the process), or for hydrothermal oxidation (second stage of the process).
- nitrocellulose About 20 kg of nitrocellulose were ground by successive grinding processes, first using knife mills and then using a rotor-stator-type grinder in a tank filled with water, which made it possible to obtain, after filtration, a suspension containing nitrocellulose particles with a particle size of less than one mm.
- the nitrocellulose was introduced into the tank filled with water so as to obtain a suspension containing between 10 and 30% of solids during grinding.
- the suspension thus obtained was pumped by a membrane pump and diluted with demineralized water to obtain a final mixture containing between 3 and 10% of nitrocellulose in the form of particles.
- the hydrothermal oxidation treatment of this mixture was carried out with a continuous flow reactor with a feed rate of 200 L / h.
- the temperature of the reactor was between 450 ° C and 550 ° C, with a feed pressure of between 230 and 240 bars.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1902913A FR3093929B1 (fr) | 2019-03-21 | 2019-03-21 | Procédé de traitement de matériaux énergétiques par oxydation hydrothermale |
| PCT/FR2020/050582 WO2020188221A1 (fr) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-03-17 | Procede de traitement de materiaux energetiques par oxydation hydrothermale |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3941595A1 true EP3941595A1 (fr) | 2022-01-26 |
| EP3941595C0 EP3941595C0 (fr) | 2025-05-14 |
| EP3941595B1 EP3941595B1 (fr) | 2025-05-14 |
Family
ID=68072522
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20728107.2A Active EP3941595B1 (fr) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-03-17 | Procede de traitement de materiaux energetiques par oxydation hydrothermale |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3941595B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2022526742A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20210142134A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3093929B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL286469B2 (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL3941595T3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020188221A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3149220B1 (fr) | 2023-06-02 | 2025-06-06 | Arianegroup Sas | Procédé d'extraction d'un matériau énergétique solide d'un sol contaminé |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1001010A (en) * | 1972-10-05 | 1976-12-07 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Oxidation of water-insoluble substances |
| FR2814967B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-10 | 2003-11-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif pour l'oxydation en eau supercritique de matieres |
| JP2002248455A (ja) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-09-03 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 有害物質処理システム及びpcb処理方法 |
| JP3913096B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-28 | 2007-05-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 有害物質処理システム |
| JP2003312843A (ja) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | スラリー供給システム |
| EP2740529A1 (fr) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-06-11 | HYDROTHERMA Swiss Ecological Technologies SA | Procédés et équipement de traitement hydrothermique et d'élimination de substances hautement toxiques, des déchets et des poudres métalliques |
-
2019
- 2019-03-21 FR FR1902913A patent/FR3093929B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-03-17 IL IL286469A patent/IL286469B2/en unknown
- 2020-03-17 WO PCT/FR2020/050582 patent/WO2020188221A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2020-03-17 KR KR1020217032754A patent/KR20210142134A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2020-03-17 EP EP20728107.2A patent/EP3941595B1/fr active Active
- 2020-03-17 JP JP2021556461A patent/JP2022526742A/ja active Pending
- 2020-03-17 PL PL20728107.2T patent/PL3941595T3/pl unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20210142134A (ko) | 2021-11-24 |
| IL286469B1 (en) | 2024-08-01 |
| EP3941595C0 (fr) | 2025-05-14 |
| FR3093929A1 (fr) | 2020-09-25 |
| WO2020188221A1 (fr) | 2020-09-24 |
| IL286469A (en) | 2021-12-01 |
| PL3941595T3 (pl) | 2025-10-20 |
| JP2022526742A (ja) | 2022-05-26 |
| IL286469B2 (en) | 2024-12-01 |
| FR3093929B1 (fr) | 2021-07-23 |
| EP3941595B1 (fr) | 2025-05-14 |
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