EP3936236A1 - Method for coating objects and installation for coating objects - Google Patents
Method for coating objects and installation for coating objects Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3936236A1 EP3936236A1 EP21184261.2A EP21184261A EP3936236A1 EP 3936236 A1 EP3936236 A1 EP 3936236A1 EP 21184261 A EP21184261 A EP 21184261A EP 3936236 A1 EP3936236 A1 EP 3936236A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drying
- paint
- curing
- minutes
- atomizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000013008 moisture curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010066057 cabin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
- B05D3/0263—After-treatment with IR heaters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/007—After-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
- F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/1693—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed with means for heating the material to be sprayed or an atomizing fluid in a supply hose or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
- B05B7/2402—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device
- B05B7/2405—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle
- B05B7/2416—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle characterised by the means for producing or supplying the atomising fluid, e.g. air hoses, air pumps, gas containers, compressors, fans, ventilators, their drives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
- B05B7/2489—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device
- B05B7/2491—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device an atomising fluid, e.g. a gas, being supplied to the discharge device characterised by the means for producing or supplying the atomising fluid, e.g. air hoses, air pumps, gas containers, compressors, fans, ventilators, their drives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2503/00—Polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/12—Vehicle bodies, e.g. after being painted
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating objects by applying, drying, curing and after-treating moisture-curing paint systems to the object according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a system for painting objects according to the preamble of claim 9.
- Another disadvantage is that with such methods, the objects have to remain in the closed space, in particular the respective paint booth, after coating until they have reached a dust-dry and/or handleable state, and thus the space, in particular the paint booth, during the curing of the block coating. During this time no further objects can be in be coated in the closed space, especially in the paint booth, and this is therefore not optimally utilized.
- a major disadvantage of these paint systems is that although after the drying phase has taken place up to so-called dust dryness, an accelerated process-reliable drying takes place, but then in a curing phase the chemical reactions, after which post-processing, in particular a polishability of the painted object and / or stackability of the painted object and/or further processing of the painted object is reached, is slower and much more time is required compared to the drying phase.
- the chemical reactions lead to further drying of the paint system in the sense of thorough drying and hardening of the paint system in the sense of curing.
- the coating system can, for example, consist of a base coat and a clear coat.
- the coating is carried out in closed rooms with supply air ducting and/or exhaust air ducting, in particular in paint booths. This prevents the coating from being exposed to negative external influences, such as dirt, additional heat, or additional moisture.
- a major disadvantage of the prior art is that the infrared technology used has always had to be installed inside the paint booth in order to dry the freshly applied paint job with infrared so that the dry parts, e.g. an automobile or individual parts of a car, can be removed from the paint booth can be removed and/or brought out.
- expensive and complex equipment has to be installed inside each painting booth and is therefore exposed to overspray (spray mist next to the object to be painted) and other dirt.
- This expensive equipment has to be regularly cleaned, serviced and protected.
- a corresponding technical installation within the paint booth also acts as a dirt trap and is therefore the cause of soiling of the paint surface.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a simpler, time-saving and energy-efficient method for coating objects, in which accelerated paint curing can take place. Furthermore, the object of the invention is a system for painting objects to propose a method for accelerated paint curing.
- the chemical processes are chemically accelerated, particularly in the first phase, down to dust dryness, which are necessary for curing the respective coating, in particular moisture-curing paint systems. This enables these processes to be activated in a targeted manner, which can chemically accelerate the drying and curing time of the coating.
- the coating of an object by spraying the moisture-curing paint system using the atomizing air or the atomizing gas inside a painting booth ensures that the object to be coated is protected from external influences such as dirt, heat and moisture inside a painting booth or similar and a process-reliable application of the moisture-curing paint system can be guaranteed.
- the object After a drying time, the object is removed from the paint booth at a drying time, with the occurrence of a superficially dust-dry state and therefore a manageable state of the paint system occurring from the drying time. From this point on, the moisture-curing paint system is no longer susceptible to external influences such as dirt, heat or moisture in the way it was when it was applied inside the paint booth. The coated object can therefore now be exposed to external influences without affecting the coating result. This means that the paint booth can continue to be used to coat another object with a moisture-curing paint system.
- the paint system can dry and/or further harden outside of the paint booth by irradiating the object with at least one infrared radiator for a curing time up to a curing time.
- the effect of the radiation from the infrared radiator promotes the hardening process of the paint system. Because the infrared radiator is used outside the paint booth, the safety requirements, such as occupational safety, fire protection and/or explosion protection, can be guaranteed inside the paint booth and the use of cost-intensive systems that could be operated inside the paint booth can be avoided.
- the paint booth can be used to coat another object.
- the radiation energy released can be specifically absorbed by the paint system and the coated object can be spared from this through the targeted use of their radiation frequency.
- a finalization step outside of the paint booth in particular the post-treatment of the painted object surface, ensures a final state of the paint system, in particular for a desired shine through polishing or preferably a surface seal. This can be used to upgrade the optical quality of the paint system and make it more resistant to external influences such as dirt or mechanical influences.
- Additives can be specially tailored to the paint system used and the given environmental conditions, such as humidity or temperature, and thus enable targeted drying and curing of the paint system, in particular to optimize the drying time.
- the supply of heat to a paint hose carrying the atomizing compressed air or the atomizing gas should be distributed along at least 50% of the hose length, preferably along at least 70% of the hose length, in particular along at least 90% of the total hose length.
- the uniform heating of the painting hose ensures that the temperature of the atomizing compressed air or the atomizing gas remains the same and cooling through unheated areas of the painting hose can be avoided. In particular, this ensures controlled humidification of the atomizer compressed air or the atomizer gas, since condensation is avoided.
- the infrared radiator is moved past the object during the irradiation and/or that the object is moved past the infrared radiator during the irradiation, in particular that the infrared radiator and the object are moved during the irradiation in such a way that they are moved relative to one another.
- the infrared heater and the object can also be stationary during the irradiation.
- the hardening time in method step e) is less than 10 minutes, preferably between 30 seconds and 5 minutes, in particular between 1 minute and 2 minutes.
- a short curing time reduces the duration of exposure of the paint system to external influences in a state of high vulnerability to them.
- a shorter hardening time means that a higher quality of the coating, especially of the paint system, can be achieved.
- a significant shortening of the entire process can be achieved and an increase in capacity can be achieved.
- drying time in method steps a) to e) is between 1 minute and 60 minutes, in particular between 10 minutes and 40 minutes, preferably between 15 minutes and 25 minutes, particularly preferably between 15 minutes and 20 minutes.
- a short drying time enables the paint system to be post-treated in a timely manner. This ensures time savings in the entire painting process up to the completion of the object to be coated.
- drying and/or curing in method step e) is carried out in a non-ATEX area (no explosion protection regulations). This enables the process to be used more flexibly and saves costs when installing the system. It can also be used in one place for several paint booths. The clear coat hardens outside the booth.
- the painting booth is again loaded with a new object for painting during the curing time in method step e). This increases the utilization rate of the paint booth and more objects can be painted in less time.
- the at least one infrared emitter is operated with reduced energy in order to obtain more process reliability with less energy consumption.
- the invention also provides a system for painting objects using a method of the type and embodiments described above, the system comprising a plurality of painting booths and/or painting workstations and/or other surface processing workstations, these booths or workstations being in a closed room , in particular have to work under defined atmospheric conditions, and the system comprises at least one drying and/or hardening station, and the drying and/or hardening station comprises at least one infrared radiator, and the drying and/or hardening station outside the cabins or workstations, is arranged in a free atmosphere, with at least one cabin and/or workstations being assigned to a drying and/or hardening station in the process.
- the drying and/or hardening station is therefore available for more than one cabin and/or workstations and can therefore be used with a higher degree of utilization. This enables time and cost savings when coating objects.
- the system comprises displaceable and/or fixed drying and/or hardening stations with at least one infrared portal and/or at least one infrared arc and/or at least one mobile infrared dryer.
- the system comprises displaceable and/or fixed drying and/or hardening stations with at least one infrared portal and/or at least one infrared arc and/or at least one mobile infrared dryer.
- the moisture-curing paint systems described such as those based on aspartan technology, also include other paint systems based on 2K.
- the paint systems based on isocyanate, as well as other moisture-reacting or moisture-curing paint systems are meant.
- post-treatment of the paint system is to be understood as meaning polishing of the painted object surface and/or assembly of the painted object and/or packaging of the painted object.
- figure 1 shows the method according to the invention for coating objects by applying, drying, curing and after-treating moisture-curing paint systems on the object, using a system for painting objects according to the invention shown schematically.
- the system includes a plurality of painting booths and/or painting workstations and/or other surface processing stations, such as large-part painting booths 1, workstations for individual parts and/or repairs 2 and workstations for preparation and/or touch-up coatings 3, or the like.
- an object is painted by spraying the moisture-curing paint system by means of the atomizer compressed air or the atomizer gas inside a paint booth.
- These cabins 1 or jobs 2.3 work in a closed room, especially under defined atmospheric conditions.
- an atomizer compressed air or an atomizer gas is humidified.
- An admixture, in particular a dosed addition of at least one additive, is also provided, as a result of which the curing process can be influenced precisely.
- the atomizing compressed air or the atomizing gas is heated by a paint hose carrying the atomizing compressed air or the atomizing gas in order to promote drying and/or curing. This also prevents condensation. It is also provided that X times more of these large-scale painting booths 1, these jobs for individual parts and/or repairs 2, jobs for preparation and/or touch-ups 3, or the like can be present.
- the object is then removed from the paint booth 1 or the workplace 2, 3 after a hardening time t1 at a drying time, with the occurrence of a superficially dust-dry state and thus a manageable state of the paint system from the drying time.
- the advantage here is that the drying and/or further curing does not take place inside the paint booth and this can be used directly for coating another object. This increases the utilization rate of the paint booth.
- the hardening time is less than 10 minutes, it is preferably between 30 seconds and 5 minutes, in particular between 1 minute and 2 minutes.
- Another advantage of drying and/or further curing outside the booth is that this means that smaller booths can be used, it can be used in systems that cannot be retrofitted and a better surface of the object to be painted is made possible due to less dust.
- the paint system is dried and/or further cured outside of the paint booth in an infrared drying system 4, for example by an infrared portal 5, an infrared arc 6, or a mobile infrared dryer 7, for example an electric and/or gas-catalytic dryer Infrared dryer 7. Due to its open environment, this can be designed as a non-ATEX area, which results in a significant cost reduction.
- Another advantage is that one infrared station can be used for several painting booths, which enables a considerable reduction in costs.
- the at least one infrared radiator 7 is moved past the object and/or that the object is moved past the infrared radiator 5.6, in particular that the infrared radiator and the object are moved in such a way that they are relatively be moved to each other.
- a homogeneous drying and/or curing is relevant for a high quality of the coating, which can be generated by moving the infrared emitters.
- the drying time in this process step is between 1 minute and 60 minutes, in particular between 1 minute and 40 minutes, preferably between 15 minutes and 25 minutes, particularly preferably between 1 minute and 20 minutes. It also envisages installing fixed systems and building them outside the cabin for multiple uses.
- the system includes at least one drying and/or curing station, such as an infrared drying system 4.
- the system can include several painting stations.
- the drying and/or curing station comprises at least one infrared radiator, for example infrared portals 5, infrared arcs 6, mobile infrared dryers 7 or the like.
- the drying and/or hardening station is arranged outside the cabins or workstations, in an open atmosphere, with at least one cabin 1 and/or workstations 2,3 being assigned to a single drying and/or hardening station in the process.
- the paint system After the paint system has dried and/or cured outside of the paint booth by irradiation in the infrared drying system 4, the paint system can be treated outside of the paint booth in a finishing step, in particular by means of polishing and/or finishing 8 of the painted object surface, or processed further how to be assembled or packaged.
- the main advantage is that this can be done within a few minutes, so that the entire drying process can take place in the shortest possible time and with the least possible loss of time.
- this system with infrared drying outside the paint booth can also be installed for existing paint systems outside the paint booth, for example at existing pre-work places or post-work places in the non-ATEX area. Especially if the existing paint booth would be too small for this.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Objekten durch Aufbringen, Trocknen, Aushärten und Nachbehandeln von feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystemen auf das Objekt umfassend die Schritte:a) Befeuchten einer Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. eines Zerstäubergases;b) wobei das Objekts durch Versprühen des feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystems mittels der befeuchteten Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. des Zerstäubergases innerhalb einer Lackierkabine lackiert wird;c) wobei das Objekt aus der Lackierkabine nach einer Trocknungszeit zu einem Trocknungszeitpunkt entnommen wird, wobei ab dem Trocknungszeitpunkt das Eintreten eines oberflächlich staubtrockenen Zustands und damit handhabbaren Zustands des Lacksystems vorliegt;d) wobei das Lacksystem außerhalb der Lackierkabine durch Bestrahlung des Objekts mittels mindestens eines Infrarotstrahlers für eine Härtezeit bis zu einem Härtezeitpunkt getrocknet und/oder weiter ausgehärtet wird;e) vorzugsweise wobei das Lacksystems außerhalb der Lackierkabine in einem Finalisierungsschritt, insbesondere mittels Polieren der lackierten Objektoberfläche nachbehandelt oder verpackt oder montiert wird.Method for coating objects by applying, drying, curing and post-treating moisture-curing paint systems on the object, comprising the steps:a) moistening an atomizer compressed air or an atomizer gas;b) the object being sprayed by spraying the moisture-curing paint system by means of the moistened atomizer compressed air or the atomizing gas is painted inside a paint booth;c) the object being removed from the paint booth after a drying time at a drying time, the paint system being superficially dust-dry and therefore manageable from the drying time;d) the paint system outside the paint booth is dried and/or further cured by irradiating the object by means of at least one infrared radiator for a curing time up to a curing time;e) preferably wherein the paint system outside the paint booth in a finalizing sc step, in particular by polishing the painted surface of the object after-treated or packaged or assembled.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Objekten durch Aufbringen, Trocknen, Aushärten und Nachbehandeln von feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystemen auf das Objekt gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for coating objects by applying, drying, curing and after-treating moisture-curing paint systems to the object according to the preamble of
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Anlage zur Lackierung von Objekten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 9.The invention also relates to a system for painting objects according to the preamble of claim 9.
Durch die gezielte berührungslose Einwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung, z.B. Infrarotstrahlung auf konventionelle Lacksysteme kann die Trocknung und/oder Aushärtung beschleunigt und das die Beschichtung tragende Objekt, z.B. ein Karosserieteil eines KFZ, selbst geschont werden. Nachteil hierbei ist, dass die die Strahlung erzeugenden Systeme zur Prozesssicherung stets innerhalb einer Lackierkabine, oder geschlossenen Raums zum Einsatz kommen müssen, was auf Grund der thermischen Einwirkung in Zusammenhang mit den zum Einsatz kommenden Materialien, eine Gefahr im Hinblick auf die Arbeitssicherheit, den Brandschutz und den Explosionsschutz darstellt. Der Einsatz von hierfür extra gesicherten Systemen erzeugt einen hohen Kostenaufwand bei der Installation derartiger Anlagen.Through the targeted non-contact effect of electromagnetic radiation, e.g. infrared radiation on conventional paint systems, drying and/or curing can be accelerated and the object carrying the coating, e.g. a body part of a motor vehicle, itself can be protected. The disadvantage here is that the radiation-generating systems for process safety must always be used within a paint booth or a closed room, which, due to the thermal effect in connection with the materials used, poses a risk in terms of occupational safety, fire protection and represents the explosion protection. The use of specially secured systems for this generates high costs when installing such systems.
Weiterhin ist von Nachteil, dass bei derartigen Verfahren die Objekte nach der Beschichtung bis zur Erreichung eines staubtrockenen und/oder handhabbaren Zustandes in dem jeweils geschlossenen Raum, insbesondere der jeweiligen Lackierkabine, verbleiben müssen und somit den Raum, insbesondere die Lackierkabine, während der Aushärtung der Beschichtung blockieren. Während dieser Zeit können keine weiteren Objekte in dem geschlossenen Raum, insbesondere in der Lackierkabine, beschichtet werden und dieser somit nicht optimal ausgenutzt werden.Another disadvantage is that with such methods, the objects have to remain in the closed space, in particular the respective paint booth, after coating until they have reached a dust-dry and/or handleable state, and thus the space, in particular the paint booth, during the curing of the block coating. During this time no further objects can be in be coated in the closed space, especially in the paint booth, and this is therefore not optimally utilized.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Objekten bekannt, die auf Grund bestimmter Bindemittel, Zusätze, Additive oder Ähnlichem als feuchtigkeitshärtende Lacksysteme ohne Ofentrocknung oder Ofenenergie aushärten. Bei derartigen Beschichtungsverfahren werden entsprechende und direkt mit dem Lacksystem reagierende Mengen an Feuchtigkeit eingesetzt, um die Zeit des Trocknens und/oder Aushärtens des Lacksystems zu verringern. Diese feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksysteme werden mittels Zuführung von Feuchtigkeit und/oder Additiven über die Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. das Zerstäubergas bei nachfolgender Lufttrocknung prozesssicher verarbeitet.Methods for coating objects are known from the prior art which, due to specific binders, supplements, additives or the like, cure as moisture-curing paint systems without oven drying or oven energy. In such coating processes, appropriate amounts of moisture that react directly with the paint system are used in order to reduce the drying and/or curing time of the paint system. These moisture-curing paint systems are reliably processed by supplying moisture and/or additives via the atomizer compressed air or the atomizer gas with subsequent air drying.
Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieser Lacksysteme ist, dass zwar nach erfolgter Trocknungsphase bis zur sogenannten Staubtrockenheit eine beschleunigte prozesssichere Trocknung stattfindet, jedoch dann in einer Härtungsphase die chemischen Reaktionen, nach denen eine Nachbearbeitung, insbesondere eine Polierfähigkeit des lackierten Objekts und/oder eine Stapelbarkeit des lackierten Objekts und/oder eine Weiterverarbeitbarkeit des lackierten Objekts erreicht ist, verlangsamt ablaufen und im Vergleich zu der Trocknungsphase wesentlich mehr Zeit benötigt wird. Hierbei führen die chemischen Reaktionen zu einer weiteren Trocknung des Lacksystems im Sinne einer Durchtrocknung und einer Härtung des Lacksystems im Sinne einer Aushärtung.A major disadvantage of these paint systems is that although after the drying phase has taken place up to so-called dust dryness, an accelerated process-reliable drying takes place, but then in a curing phase the chemical reactions, after which post-processing, in particular a polishability of the painted object and / or stackability of the painted object and/or further processing of the painted object is reached, is slower and much more time is required compared to the drying phase. Here, the chemical reactions lead to further drying of the paint system in the sense of thorough drying and hardening of the paint system in the sense of curing.
In der Praxis zeigt sich, dass die Trocknung des Lacksystems prozesssicher in etwa 12 Minuten abgeschlossen ist, jedoch zeigt sich auch, dass zum Beispiel eine Polierfähigkeit beziehungsweise Überlackierbarkeit erst nach 40-60 Minuten prozesssicher gegeben ist. In der Fertigung sind daher vor einem Poliervorgang oder vor der Überlackierbarkeit nach einem Zwischentrocknen entsprechende Wartezeiten in einer Lackierkabine notwendig und die lackierten Objekte können somit erst mit Verzögerung weiter verarbeitet werden. Das Lacksystem kann beispielhaft aus Basislack und Klarlack bestehen.In practice, it has been shown that the drying of the paint system is reliably completed in about 12 minutes, but it is also evident that, for example, it can only be polished or painted over after 40-60 minutes process-reliable is given. In production, corresponding waiting times in a painting booth are therefore necessary before a polishing process or before painting can be carried out after intermediate drying, and the painted objects can therefore only be processed further with a delay. The coating system can, for example, consist of a base coat and a clear coat.
Um ein Beschichten von Objekten unter hoher Qualität zu ermöglichen, wird das Beschichten in geschlossenen Räumen mit Zuluftführung und/oder Abluftführung, insbesondere in Lackierkabinen, durchgeführt. Dies verhindert das Einwirken von negativen äußeren Einflüsse auf die Beschichtung, wie beispielsweise Schmutz, zusätzliche Wärme, oder zusätzliche Feuchtigkeit.In order to enable objects to be coated with high quality, the coating is carried out in closed rooms with supply air ducting and/or exhaust air ducting, in particular in paint booths. This prevents the coating from being exposed to negative external influences, such as dirt, additional heat, or additional moisture.
Ein wesentlicher Nachteil des Standes der Technik ist dass die genutzte Infrarot-Technologie bisher immer innerhalb der Lackierkabinen installiert werden müssen um den frisch erfolgten Lackauftrag mit Infrarot zu trocknen so dass dann die trockenen Teile, z.B. ein Automobil oder einzelne Teile eines Autos, aus der Lackierkabine entnommen werden können und/oder heraus gebracht werden können. Dadurch ist eine teure und aufwendige Ausstattung innerhalb jeder Lackierkabine zu installieren und somit z.B. einem Overspray (Sprühnebel neben dem Lackierobjekt) und anderen Verschmutzungen ausgesetzt. Diese teure Ausstattung muss regelmäßig aufwendig gereinigt, gewartet, beziehungsweise geschützt werden. Gleichzeitig gilt eine entsprechende technische Installation innerhalb der Lackierkabine gleichzeitig auch als Schmutzfänger und somit als Ursache für auftretende Verschmutzungen der Lackoberfläche.A major disadvantage of the prior art is that the infrared technology used has always had to be installed inside the paint booth in order to dry the freshly applied paint job with infrared so that the dry parts, e.g. an automobile or individual parts of a car, can be removed from the paint booth can be removed and/or brought out. As a result, expensive and complex equipment has to be installed inside each painting booth and is therefore exposed to overspray (spray mist next to the object to be painted) and other dirt. This expensive equipment has to be regularly cleaned, serviced and protected. At the same time, a corresponding technical installation within the paint booth also acts as a dirt trap and is therefore the cause of soiling of the paint surface.
Dies kann durch die erfindungsgemäße Installation außerhalb der Kabine vermieden werden. Man hat weniger Verschmutzung auf den Teilen und damit eine bessere Lackierqualität, weniger Nacharbeit sowie weniger Wartungs- und Reinigungsaufwand.This can be avoided by installing the invention outside the cabin. You have less pollution on the Parts and thus a better painting quality, less rework and less maintenance and cleaning effort.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Nachteil ist, dass die Infrarot-Trocknung in bestehenden Lackierkabinen erheblichen Platz in Anspruch nimmt, was es in bestimmten Fällen unmöglich macht die Infrarot-Trocknung überhaupt zu nutzen bzw. unmöglich macht die Infrarot-Trocknung nachzurüsten.Another major disadvantage is that infrared drying takes up a lot of space in existing paint booths, which in certain cases makes it impossible to use infrared drying at all or makes it impossible to retrofit infrared drying.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Nachteil der stationären Infrarot-Trocknung ist, dass bei der Trocknung von Kunststoffteilen eine Gefahr der Überhitzung der Kunststoffteile besteht.Another significant disadvantage of stationary infrared drying is that there is a risk of overheating of the plastic parts when drying them.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Nachteil ist auch, dass man für jede Lackierkabine eine Infrarot -Trocknung installieren müsste, was einen sehr hohen Investitionsbedarf bedeutet.Another significant disadvantage is that infrared drying would have to be installed for each paint booth, which means a very high investment requirement.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Nachteil ist dass durch die nachfolgende Aushärtezeit von bis zu 30 bis 60 Minuten im Prozessablauf Verzögerungen auftreten, beziehungsweise erhöhter Platzbedarf in nachfolgenden Prozessen benötigt wird.Another significant disadvantage is that the subsequent curing time of up to 30 to 60 minutes causes delays in the process flow, or that more space is required in subsequent processes.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Nachteil ist, dass bei herkömmlich durchgeführten Infrarottrocknungsschritten nasse Lacke mit hohem Energieeintrag mittels Infrarotstrahlung getrocknet werden müssen sodass die Oberflächen wie beispielsweise Kunststoffe beschädigt werden können.Another significant disadvantage is that with conventionally performed infrared drying steps, wet paints have to be dried with high energy input by means of infrared radiation, so that the surfaces such as plastics can be damaged.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein einfacheres und zeitsparendes und energieeffizientes Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Objekten zu entwickeln, bei welchem eine beschleunigte Lackhärtung stattfinden kann. Weiterhin ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Anlage zur Lackierung von Objekten vorzuschlagen, welche ein Verfahren zur beschleunigten Lackhärtung ermöglicht.The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a simpler, time-saving and energy-efficient method for coating objects, in which accelerated paint curing can take place. Furthermore, the object of the invention is a system for painting objects to propose a method for accelerated paint curing.
Diese Aufgabe wird in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, sowie des unabhängigen Anspruchs 9 gelöst. In den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen angegeben.This object is achieved in conjunction with the features of
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Objekten durch Aufbringen, Trocknen, Aushärten und Nachbehandeln von feuchtigkeitshärtenden oder isocyanathaltigen oder anderen Lacksystemen auf das Objekt umfasst insbesondere die folgenden Schritte:
- a) Befeuchten einer Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. eines Zerstäubergases;
- b) wobei Wärme auf die Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. das Zerstäubergas zugeführt, insbesodnere Wärme auf das Zerstäubergas über den das Zerstäubergas führenden Lackierschlauch zugeführt wird;
- c) wobei das Objekt durch Versprühen des feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystems mittels der Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. des Zerstäubergases innerhalb einer Lackierkabine lackiert wird;
- d) wobei das Objekt aus der Lackierkabine nach einer Trocknungszeit zu einem Trocknungszeitpunkt entnommen wird, wobei ab dem Trocknungszeitpunkt das Eintreten eines oberflächlich staubtrockenen Zustands und damit handhabbaren Zustands des Lacksystems vorliegt;
- e) wobei das Lacksystems außerhalb der Lackierkabine durch Bestrahlung des Objekts mittels mindestens eines Infrarotstrahlers für eine Härtungszeit bis zu einem Härtungszeitpunkt getrocknet und/oder weiter ausgehärtet wird;
- a) humidifying an atomizer compressed air or an atomizer gas;
- b) heat being supplied to the atomizing compressed air or the atomizing gas, in particular heat being supplied to the atomizing gas via the painting hose carrying the atomizing gas;
- c) the object being painted by spraying the moisture-curing paint system by means of the atomizer compressed air or the atomizer gas inside a paint booth;
- d) wherein the object is removed from the paint booth after a drying time at a drying time, wherein from the drying time onwards the paint system is in a superficially dust-dry state and is therefore in a manageable state;
- e) the paint system being dried and/or further cured outside the paint booth by irradiating the object by means of at least one infrared radiator for a curing time up to a curing point in time;
Durch das Befeuchten der Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. des Zerstäubergases werden die chemischen Prozesse insbesondere in der ersten Phase bis zur Staubtrockenheit chemisch beschleunigt, die zur Aushärtung der jeweiligen Beschichtung, insbesondere feuchtigkeitshärtende Lacksysteme, notwendig sind. Dadurch ist ein gezieltes Aktivieren dieser Prozesse möglich, was die Zeitdauer des Trocknens und Aushärtens der Beschichtung chemisch beschleunigen kann.By moistening the atomizer compressed air or the atomizer gas, the chemical processes are chemically accelerated, particularly in the first phase, down to dust dryness, which are necessary for curing the respective coating, in particular moisture-curing paint systems. This enables these processes to be activated in a targeted manner, which can chemically accelerate the drying and curing time of the coating.
Durch den Einsatz einer Lackierluftbefeuchtung und damit der beschleunigten Trocknung kann dadurch auch die benötigte und einzusetzende Energie, wie beispielsweise Gas oder Stromverbrauch reduziert werden und somit mehr Prozesssicherheit bei weniger Energieverbrauch erzielt werden.By using painting air humidification and thus accelerated drying, the energy required and to be used, such as gas or electricity consumption, can be reduced and more process reliability can be achieved with less energy consumption.
Durch die Zuführung von Wärme durch den Lackierschlauch laufen chemische Prozesse schneller ab, wodurch ein Trocknen und/oder Aushärten der auf das Objekt aufgebrachten Beschichtung, bzw. Lacksystems, thermisch beschleunigt werden und gezielt aktiviert werden kann.By supplying heat through the paint hose, chemical processes run faster, as a result of which drying and/or curing of the coating or paint system applied to the object can be accelerated thermally and activated in a targeted manner.
Das Beschichten eines Objekts durch Versprühen des feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystems mittels der Zerstäuberluft bzw. des Zerstäubergases innerhalb einer Lackierkabine sorgt dafür, dass innerhalb einer Lackierkabine das zu beschichtende Objekt vor äußeren Einflüssen, wie Schmutz, Wärme, Feuchtigkeit oder Ähnlichem geschützt und ein prozesssicheres Auftragen des feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystems gewährleistet werden kann.The coating of an object by spraying the moisture-curing paint system using the atomizing air or the atomizing gas inside a painting booth ensures that the object to be coated is protected from external influences such as dirt, heat and moisture inside a painting booth or similar and a process-reliable application of the moisture-curing paint system can be guaranteed.
Das Objekt wird nach einer Trocknungszeit zu einem Trocknungszeitpunkt, wobei ab dem Trocknungszeitpunkt das Eintreten eines oberflächlich staubtrockenen Zustand und damit handhabbaren Zustands des Lacksystems vorliegt aus der Lackierkabine entnommen. Das feuchtigkeitshärtende Lacksystem ist ab diesem Zeitpunkt nicht mehr in der Art für äußere Einflüsse wie Schmutz, Wärme, oder Feuchtigkeit anfällig, wie es zum Zeitpunkt des Auftragens innerhalb der Lackierkabine war. Das beschichtete Objekt kann daher nun äußeren Einflüssen ausgesetzt werden, ohne das Beschichtungsergebnis zu beeinflussen. Dadurch kann die Lackierkabine für die Beschichtung eines weiteren Objekts mit einem feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystem weiter verwendet werden.After a drying time, the object is removed from the paint booth at a drying time, with the occurrence of a superficially dust-dry state and therefore a manageable state of the paint system occurring from the drying time. From this point on, the moisture-curing paint system is no longer susceptible to external influences such as dirt, heat or moisture in the way it was when it was applied inside the paint booth. The coated object can therefore now be exposed to external influences without affecting the coating result. This means that the paint booth can continue to be used to coat another object with a moisture-curing paint system.
Das Lacksystem kann außerhalb der Lackierkabine durch Bestrahlung des Objekts mittels mindestens eines Infrarotstrahlers für eine Härtungszeit bis zu einem Härtezeitpunkt trocknen und/oder weiter aushärten. Die Einwirkung der Strahlung des Infrarotstrahlers begünstigt den Aushärtungsprozess des Lacksystems. Dadurch dass der Infrarotstrahler außerhalb der Lackierkabine eingesetzt wird, können die Sicherheitsanforderungen, wie Arbeitssicherheit, Brandschutz und/oder Explosionsschutz, innerhalb der Lackierkabine gewährleistet werden und ein Einsatz von kostenintensiven Systemen, die innerhalb der Lackierkabine betrieben werden könnten, vermieden werden.The paint system can dry and/or further harden outside of the paint booth by irradiating the object with at least one infrared radiator for a curing time up to a curing time. The effect of the radiation from the infrared radiator promotes the hardening process of the paint system. Because the infrared radiator is used outside the paint booth, the safety requirements, such as occupational safety, fire protection and/or explosion protection, can be guaranteed inside the paint booth and the use of cost-intensive systems that could be operated inside the paint booth can be avoided.
Durch den Einsatz des Infrarotstrahlers an einem Objekt das bereits einen oberflächlich staubtrockenen Zustand aufweist ist es möglich mit reduziertem Energieaufwand mehr Prozesssicherheit zu gewährleisten.By using the infrared heater on an object that is already superficially dust-dry it is possible to ensure more process reliability with reduced energy consumption.
Während der Aushärtungszeit des Lacksystems außerhalb der Lackierkabine kann die Lackierkabine zur Beschichtung eines weiteren Objekts verwendet werden. Des Weiteren kann bei der Verwendung von gaskatalytischen oder elektrischen Infrarotstrahlern durch gezielten Einsatz ihrer Strahlungsfrequenz die dabei freigesetzte Strahlungsenergie gezielt von dem Lacksystem aufgenommen und das beschichtete Objekt hiervon verschont werden.While the paint system is curing outside of the paint booth, the paint booth can be used to coat another object. Furthermore, when using gas-catalytic or electric infrared radiators, the radiation energy released can be specifically absorbed by the paint system and the coated object can be spared from this through the targeted use of their radiation frequency.
Ein Finalisierungsschritt außerhalb der Lackierkabine, insbesondere das Nachbehandeln der lackierten Objektoberfläche sorgt für einen finalen Zustand des Lacksystems, insbesondere für einen gewünschten Glanz durch Politur oder bevorzugt einer Oberflächenversiegelung. Dies kann für eine Aufwertung der optischen Qualität des Lacksystems genutzt werden und um ihn widerstandsfähiger gegenüber äußeren Einflüssen, wie Schmutz, oder mechanischen Einwirkungen machen.A finalization step outside of the paint booth, in particular the post-treatment of the painted object surface, ensures a final state of the paint system, in particular for a desired shine through polishing or preferably a surface seal. This can be used to upgrade the optical quality of the paint system and make it more resistant to external influences such as dirt or mechanical influences.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass der Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. dem Zerstäubergas mindestens ein Additiv beigemischt, insbesondere dosiert zugeführt wird. Additive können speziell auf das verwendete Lacksystem und die gegebenen Umgebungsbedingungen, wie Luftfeuchtigkeit oder Temperatur abgestimmt werden und somit ein gezieltes Trocknen und Aushärten des Lacksystems insbesondere zur Optimierung der Trocknungszeit ermöglichen.Provision is also made for at least one additive to be added to the atomizer compressed air or the atomizer gas, in particular to be supplied in a dosed manner. Additives can be specially tailored to the paint system used and the given environmental conditions, such as humidity or temperature, and thus enable targeted drying and curing of the paint system, in particular to optimize the drying time.
Außerdem ist vorgesehen, dass die Wärmezufuhr auf einen die Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. das Zerstäubergas führenden Lackierschlauch entlang mindestens 50% der Schlauchlänge, bevorzugt entlang mindestens 70% der Schlauchlänge, insbesondere entlang mindestens 90% der gesamten Schlauchlänge erfolgt. Die gleichmäßige Erwärmung des Lackierschlauchs sorgt für eine gleich bleibende Temperatur der Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. des Zerstäubergases und eine Abkühlung durch nicht erwärmte Stellen des Lackierschlauchs kann vermieden werden. Insbesondere sichert dies eine kontrollierte Befeuchtung der Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. des Zerstäubergases, da Kondensation vermieden wird.In addition, it is provided that the supply of heat to a paint hose carrying the atomizing compressed air or the atomizing gas should be distributed along at least 50% of the hose length, preferably along at least 70% of the hose length, in particular along at least 90% of the total hose length. The uniform heating of the painting hose ensures that the temperature of the atomizing compressed air or the atomizing gas remains the same and cooling through unheated areas of the painting hose can be avoided. In particular, this ensures controlled humidification of the atomizer compressed air or the atomizer gas, since condensation is avoided.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass der Infrarotstrahler während der Bestrahlung an dem Objekt vorbeibewegt wird und/oder dass das Objekt während der Bestrahlung an dem Infrarotstrahler vorbeibewegt wird, insbesondere dass der Infrarotstrahler und das Objekt während der Bestrahlung derart bewegt werden dass diese relativ zueinander bewegt werden. Eine gleichmäßige Bestrahlung des beschichteten Objekts kann dadurch gewährleistet werden, was einer gleichmäßigen Trocknung und Aushärtung des Lacksystems zuträglich sein kann. Bei kleineren Beilackierungen, beziehungsweie Lackierung von kleinen Bereichen, wie beispielsweise bei Spotrepair-Arbeiten oder einzelnen Kleinteilen, kann der Infrarotstrahler und das Objekt während der Bestrahlung auch unbewegt sein.Furthermore, it is provided that the infrared radiator is moved past the object during the irradiation and/or that the object is moved past the infrared radiator during the irradiation, in particular that the infrared radiator and the object are moved during the irradiation in such a way that they are moved relative to one another. This ensures that the coated object is evenly irradiated, which can help ensure that the paint system dries and hardens evenly. In the case of smaller touch-ups or the painting of small areas, such as spot repair work or individual small parts, the infrared heater and the object can also be stationary during the irradiation.
Außerdem ist vorgesehen, dass die Härtezeit in Verfahrensschritt e) unterhalb von 10 Minuten, bevorzugt zwischen 30 Sekunden und 5 Minuten, insbesondere zwischen 1 Minute und 2 Minuten liegt. Eine kurze Härtezeit verringert die Dauer der Exposition des Lacksystems gegenüber äußeren Einflüssen in einem Zustand hoher Anfälligkeit hierfür. Durch eine verkürzte Härtezeit kann somit eine höhere Qualität der Beschichtung, insbesondere des Lacksystems, erreicht werden. Somit kann eine deutliche Verkürzung des gesamten Ablaufs erzielt und eine Kapazitätserhöhung erzielt werden.It is also provided that the hardening time in method step e) is less than 10 minutes, preferably between 30 seconds and 5 minutes, in particular between 1 minute and 2 minutes. A short curing time reduces the duration of exposure of the paint system to external influences in a state of high vulnerability to them. A shorter hardening time means that a higher quality of the coating, especially of the paint system, can be achieved. Thus, a significant shortening of the entire process can be achieved and an increase in capacity can be achieved.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass die Trocknungszeit in Verfahrensschritt a) bis e) zwischen 1 Minuten und 60 Minuten, insbesondere zwischen 10 Minuten und 40 Minuten, bevorzugt zwischen 15 Minuten und 25 Minuten, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 15 Minuten und 20 Minuten liegt. Eine kurze Trocknungszeit ermöglicht ein zeitnahes Nachbehandeln des Lacksystems. Dies sorgt für Zeiteinsparungen im gesamten Lackierprozess bis zur Fertigstellung des zu beschichtenden Objekts.Furthermore, it is provided that the drying time in method steps a) to e) is between 1 minute and 60 minutes, in particular between 10 minutes and 40 minutes, preferably between 15 minutes and 25 minutes, particularly preferably between 15 minutes and 20 minutes. A short drying time enables the paint system to be post-treated in a timely manner. This ensures time savings in the entire painting process up to the completion of the object to be coated.
Außerdem ist vorgesehen, dass die Trocknung und/oder Härtung in Verfahrensschritt e) in einem Nicht-ATEX Bereich (keine Explosionsschutzvorschriften) ausgeführt wird. Dies ermöglicht einen flexibleren Einsatz des Verfahrens und eine Kosteneinsparung bei der Installation der Anlage. Auch ist der Einsatz an einem Platz für mehrere Lackierkabinen vorgesehen. Der Klarlack härtet außerhalb der Kabine durch.It is also provided that the drying and/or curing in method step e) is carried out in a non-ATEX area (no explosion protection regulations). This enables the process to be used more flexibly and saves costs when installing the system. It can also be used in one place for several paint booths. The clear coat hardens outside the booth.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass die Lackierkabine während der Härtungszeit in Verfahrensschritt e) wieder mit einem neuen Objekt zur Lackierung beschickt wird. Der Ausnutzungsgrad der Lackierkabine wird dadurch erhöht und es können mehr Objekte in einer geringeren Zeit lackiert werden.Furthermore, it is provided that the painting booth is again loaded with a new object for painting during the curing time in method step e). This increases the utilization rate of the paint booth and more objects can be painted in less time.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen dass der mindestens eine Infrarotstrahler mit reduzierter Energie betrieben wird um somit mit weniger Energieeinsatz mehr Prozesssicherheit zu erhalten.Furthermore, it is provided that the at least one infrared emitter is operated with reduced energy in order to obtain more process reliability with less energy consumption.
Die Erfindung sieht weiterhin eine Anlage zur Lackierung von Objekten mittels eines Verfahrens der oben beschriebenen Art und Ausführungsformen, wobei die Anlage eine Mehrzahl von Lackierkabinen und/oder Lackierarbeitsplätzen und/oder anderweitigen Oberflächen-Bearbeitungsplätzen umfasst, wobei diese Kabinen bzw. Arbeitsplätze in einem geschlossen Raum, insbesondere unter definierten atmosphärischen Bedingungen arbeiten müssen, und wobei die Anlage mindestens eine Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation umfasst, und die Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation mindestens einen Infrarotstrahler umfasst, und die Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation außerhalb der Kabinen bzw. Arbeitsplätze, in einer freien Atmosphäre angeordnet ist, wobei mindestens eine Kabine und/oder Arbeitsplätze einer Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation im Ablauf zugeordnet sind. Die Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation steht somit für mehr als eine Kabine und/oder Arbeitsplätze zur Verfügung und kann dadurch mit einem höheren Auslastungsgrad genutzt werden. Dies ermöglicht Zeit- und Kostenersparnisse bei der Beschichtung von Objekten.The invention also provides a system for painting objects using a method of the type and embodiments described above, the system comprising a plurality of painting booths and/or painting workstations and/or other surface processing workstations, these booths or workstations being in a closed room , in particular have to work under defined atmospheric conditions, and the system comprises at least one drying and/or hardening station, and the drying and/or hardening station comprises at least one infrared radiator, and the drying and/or hardening station outside the cabins or workstations, is arranged in a free atmosphere, with at least one cabin and/or workstations being assigned to a drying and/or hardening station in the process. The drying and/or hardening station is therefore available for more than one cabin and/or workstations and can therefore be used with a higher degree of utilization. This enables time and cost savings when coating objects.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass die Anlage verschiebbare und/oder fix ausgerichtete Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestationen mit mindestens einem Infrarot-Portal, und/oder mindestens einem Infrarot-Bogen und/oder mindestens einem mobilen Infrarot-Trockner umfasst. Durch den Einsatz von mehreren Infrarotstrahlern, kann eine größere Fläche bestrahlt und ein homogeneres Bestrahlen ermöglicht werden. Der Einsatz von verschiedenen Infrarotstrahlern ermöglicht einen flexiblen Einsatz an verschiedenförmigen Objekten. Dies erhöht die Qualität der Trocknung und/oder Aushärtung und lässt es zu, unterschiedliche Objekte zu bearbeiten.Furthermore, it is provided that the system comprises displaceable and/or fixed drying and/or hardening stations with at least one infrared portal and/or at least one infrared arc and/or at least one mobile infrared dryer. By using several infrared heaters, a larger area can be irradiated and a more homogeneous irradiation can be made possible. The use of different infrared emitters enables flexible use on objects of different shapes. This increases the quality of drying and/or curing and allows different objects to be processed.
Im Sinne der Erfindung sind unter den beschriebenen feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystemen, wie beispielsweise auf Aspartantechnologie auch andere Lacksysteme auf 2K-Basis gemeint. Insbesondere sind die Lacksysteme auf Isocyanat-Basis, sowie auch andere feuchtigkeitsreagierenden, bzw. feuchtigkeitshärtende Lacksysteme gemeint. In anderen Worten bedeutet dies: Alle Lacksysteme die einen Härter auf Isocyanat-Basis oder andere gleich reagierende Zusätze beinhalten kommen hier auch in Frage, also Klarlacksysteme, aber auch normale Industrielacksysteme, wie Farblacke und auch Lacksysteme im Automobil-, sowie Luft- und Raumfahrtbereich und allen anderen Lacksystemen.For the purposes of the invention, the moisture-curing paint systems described, such as those based on aspartan technology, also include other paint systems based on 2K. In particular, the paint systems based on isocyanate, as well as other moisture-reacting or moisture-curing paint systems are meant. In other words, this means: all paint systems that contain an isocyanate-based hardener or other additives that react in the same way are also possible here, i.e. clear paint systems, but also normal ones Industrial paint systems, such as colored paints and also paint systems in the automotive and aerospace sectors and all other paint systems.
Im Sinne der Erfindung ist unter einer Nachbehandlung des Lacksystems ein Polieren der lackierten Objektoberfläche, und/oder ein Montieren des lackierten Objekts und/oder ein Verpacken des lackierten Objekts zu verstehen.For the purposes of the invention, post-treatment of the paint system is to be understood as meaning polishing of the painted object surface and/or assembly of the painted object and/or packaging of the painted object.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden in der Zeichnung anhand von schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben.Further details of the invention are described in the drawing with reference to exemplary embodiments shown schematically.
Hierbei zeigt:
Figur 1- eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens anhand einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage.
- figure 1
- a schematic representation of the method according to the invention using a system according to the invention.
Die Anlage umfasst eine Mehrzahl von Lackierkabinen und/oder Lackierarbeitsplätzen und/oder anderweitigen Oberflächen-Bearbeitungsplätzen, wie beispielsweise Großteil-Lackierkabinen 1, Arbeitsplätze für Einzelteile und/oder Reparaturen 2 sowie Arbeitsplätze für Vorbereitung und/oder Beilackierungen 3, oder Ähnlichem. Hier wird ein Objekt durch Versprühen des feuchtigkeitshärtenden Lacksystems mittels der Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. des Zerstäubergases innerhalb einer Lackierkabine lackiert. Diese Kabinen 1 bzw. Arbeitsplätze 2,3 arbeiten in einem geschlossen Raum, insbesondere unter definierten atmosphärischen Bedingungen. Hier wird eine Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. ein Zerstäubergas befeuchtet. Auch ein Beimischen, insbesondere ein dosiertes Zuführen von mindestens einem Additiv ist vorgesehen, wodurch der Prozess der Aushärtung präzise beeinflusst werden kann. Die Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. das Zerstäubergas wird durch einen die Zerstäuberdruckluft bzw. das Zerstäubergas führenden Lackierschlauch erwärmt, um das Trocknen und/oder Aushärten zu begünstigen. Auch wird hierdurch das Auskondensieren verhindert. Auch ist vorgesehen, dass X-fach mehrere dieser Großteil-Lackierkabinen 1, dieser Arbeitsplätze für Einzelteile und/oder Reparaturen 2, der Arbeitsplätze für Vorbereitung und/oder Beilackierungen 3, oder Ähnlichem vorhanden sein können.The system includes a plurality of painting booths and/or painting workstations and/or other surface processing stations, such as large-
Im Anschluss daran wird das Objekt aus der Lackierkabine 1 bzw. dem Arbeitsplatz 2,3 nach einer Härtezeit t1 zu einem Trocknungszeitpunkt entnommen, wobei ab dem Trocknungszeitpunkt das Eintreten eines oberflächlich staubtrockenen Zustands und damit handhabbaren Zustands des Lacksystems vorliegt. Vorteilhaft ist dabei, dass die Trocknung und/oder weitere Aushärtung nicht innerhalb der Lackierkabine stattfindet und diese direkt für die Beschichtung eines weiteren Objekts genutzt werden kann. Hierdurch erhöht sich der Auslastungsgrad der Lackierkabine. Die Härtezeit liegt unter 10 Minuten, bevorzugt liegt sie zwischen 30 Sekunden und 5 Minuten, insbesondere zwischen 1 Minute und 2 Minuten. Vorteil der Trocknung und/oder weiteren Aushärtung außerhalb der Kabine ist weiterhin, dass dadurch kleinere Kabinen eingesetzt werden können, ein Einsatz bei nicht nachrüstbaren Systemen und eine bessere Oberfläche des zu lackierenden Objekts durch wenig Staub ermöglicht wird.The object is then removed from the
Das Trocknen und/oder weitere Aushärten des Lacksystems erfolgt außerhalb der Lackierkabine in einer Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage 4, beispielsweise durch ein Infrarot-Portal 5, einen Infrarot-Bogen 6, oder einen mobilen Infrarot-Trockner 7, beispielsweise einen elektrisch und/oder gaskatalytisch arbeitenden Infrarot-Trockner 7. Dieser kann aufgrund seiner offenen Umgebung als Nicht-ATEX Bereich ausgestaltet werden, was eine erhebliche Kostenreduktion bewirkt.The paint system is dried and/or further cured outside of the paint booth in an
Weiterhin von Vorteil ist, dass eine Infrarot-Station für mehrere Lackierkabinen verwendet werden kann und dadurch eine erhebliche Kostenreduktion ermöglicht wird.Another advantage is that one infrared station can be used for several painting booths, which enables a considerable reduction in costs.
Vorgesehen ist auch, dass der wenigstens eine Infrarot-Strahler 7 an dem Objekt vorbeibewegt wird und/oder dass das Objekt an dem Infrarot-Strahler 5,6 vorbeibewegt wird, insbesondere dass der Infrarot-Strahler und das Objekt derart bewegt werden, dass diese relativ zueinander bewegt werden. Eine homogene Trocknung und/oder Aushärtung ist für eine hohe Qualität der Beschichtung relevant, was durch das Bewegen der Infrarot-Strahler erzeugt werden kann. Die Trocknungszeit in diesem Verfahrensschritt liegt zwischen 1 Minute und 60 Minuten, insbesondere zwischen 1 Minute und 40 Minuten, bevorzugt zwischen 15 Minuten und 25 Minuten, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1 Minute und 20 Minuten. Es ist auch das Installieren von feststehenden Systemen und der Aufbau außerhalb der Kabine für eine Mehrfachnutzung vorgesehen.It is also provided that the at least one
Die Anlage umfasst mindestens eine Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation, wie beispielsweise eine Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage 4. Die Anlage kann mehrere Lackierplätze umfassen. Die Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation umfasst mindestens einen Infrarotstrahler, beispielsweise Infrarot-Portale 5, Infrarot-Bögen 6, mobile Infrarot-Trockner 7 oder Ähnliche. Wichtig ist überdies, dass die Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation außerhalb der Kabinen bzw. Arbeitsplätze, in einer freien Atmosphäre angeordnet ist, wobei mindestens eine Kabine 1 und/oder Arbeitsplätze 2,3 einer einzigen Trocknungs- und/oder Härtestation im Ablauf zugeordnet sind.The system includes at least one drying and/or curing station, such as an
Im Anschluss an das Trocknen und/oder Aushärten des Lacksystems außerhalb der Lackierkabine durch die Bestrahlung in der Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage 4, kann das Lacksystem außerhalb der Lackierkabine in einem Finalisierungsschritt, insbesondere mittels Politur und/oder Finalisierung 8 der lackierten Objektoberfläche behandelt werden, oder weiterverarbeitet, wie montiert oder verpackt werden.After the paint system has dried and/or cured outside of the paint booth by irradiation in the
Wesentlicher Vorteil ist das dies innerhalb weniger Minuten erfolgen kann, so dass der gesamte Trocknungsablauf in kürzester Zeit und unter möglichst geringem Zeitverlust ablaufen kann.The main advantage is that this can be done within a few minutes, so that the entire drying process can take place in the shortest possible time and with the least possible loss of time.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist dass dieses System mit Infrarot-Trocknung außerhalb der Lackierkabine auch für bereits bestehende Lackieranlagen außerhalb der Lackierkabine beispielsweise an bereits vorhandenen Vorarbeitsplätzen, oder Nacharbeitsplätzen im Nicht-ATEX-Bereich installiert werden können. Insbesondere auch wenn die bestehende Lackierkabine hierfür zu klein wäre.It is particularly advantageous that this system with infrared drying outside the paint booth can also be installed for existing paint systems outside the paint booth, for example at existing pre-work places or post-work places in the non-ATEX area. Especially if the existing paint booth would be too small for this.
- 11
- Großteil-LackierkabineLarge part paint booth
- 22
- Arbeitsplatz für Einzelteile und/oder ReparaturenWorkplace for individual parts and/or repairs
- 33
- Arbeitsplatz für Vorbereitung und/oder BeilackierungenWorkplace for preparation and/or blending
- 44
- Infrarot-TrocknungsanlageInfrared drying system
- 55
- Infrarot-PortalInfrared Portal
- 66
- Infrarot-Bogeninfrared arc
- 77
- mobiler Infrarot-Trocknermobile infrared dryer
- 88th
- Politur und/oder FinalisierungPolishing and/or Finishing
Claims (16)
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DE102020117901.4A DE102020117901A1 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Process for coating objects and system for painting objects |
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Citations (7)
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US2498339A (en) * | 1947-09-11 | 1950-02-21 | William J Miskella | Combination paint booth and baking oven |
US5060594A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-10-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for painting |
DE102006045642A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-15 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Coating unit for painting motor vehicle body, has transport path branched to number of parallel branches in which one of handling stations is arranged, where coating objects are handled in handling stations |
US20130095248A1 (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2013-04-18 | Abb Ag | Painting installation for coating or painting an elongated workpiece |
JP2016019940A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-02-04 | 丸大鐵工株式会社 | Silicone coating method and silicone coating device |
US20160084573A1 (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2016-03-24 | Rjg Labs Inc. | Ignition-Source-Free Heat Tunnel |
DE102018118206A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Thomas Mayer | Apparatus for supplying pressurized gas to a spraying apparatus operating with compressed gas, method for providing pressurized gas to a spray apparatus operating with pressurized gas and method for spraying a liquid medium |
-
2020
- 2020-07-07 DE DE102020117901.4A patent/DE102020117901A1/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-07-07 EP EP21184261.2A patent/EP3936236B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
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US2498339A (en) * | 1947-09-11 | 1950-02-21 | William J Miskella | Combination paint booth and baking oven |
US5060594A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-10-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for painting |
DE102006045642A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-15 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Coating unit for painting motor vehicle body, has transport path branched to number of parallel branches in which one of handling stations is arranged, where coating objects are handled in handling stations |
US20130095248A1 (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2013-04-18 | Abb Ag | Painting installation for coating or painting an elongated workpiece |
US20160084573A1 (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2016-03-24 | Rjg Labs Inc. | Ignition-Source-Free Heat Tunnel |
JP2016019940A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-02-04 | 丸大鐵工株式会社 | Silicone coating method and silicone coating device |
DE102018118206A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Thomas Mayer | Apparatus for supplying pressurized gas to a spraying apparatus operating with compressed gas, method for providing pressurized gas to a spray apparatus operating with pressurized gas and method for spraying a liquid medium |
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