EP3934895A1 - System und verfahren zur oberflächenbehandlung von in einem 3d-druckverfahren hergestellten formteil aus kunststoff - Google Patents
System und verfahren zur oberflächenbehandlung von in einem 3d-druckverfahren hergestellten formteil aus kunststoffInfo
- Publication number
- EP3934895A1 EP3934895A1 EP20726427.6A EP20726427A EP3934895A1 EP 3934895 A1 EP3934895 A1 EP 3934895A1 EP 20726427 A EP20726427 A EP 20726427A EP 3934895 A1 EP3934895 A1 EP 3934895A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process chamber
- medium
- dye
- molded part
- smoothing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009699 high-speed sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000434 metal complex dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000983 mordant dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001005 nitro dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001006 nitroso dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000985 reactive dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/0009—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor using liquids, e.g. solvents, swelling agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/009—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor using gases without chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/02—Thermal after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/06—Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
- C08J7/065—Low-molecular-weight organic substances, e.g. absorption of additives in the surface of the article
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2355/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08J2323/00 - C08J2353/00
- C08J2355/02—Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene [ABS] polymers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for surface treatment of a molded part made of plastic, wherein the molded part is or has been produced in a 3D printing process.
- the surface of the molded part made of plastic is smoothed and colored.
- the production of such molded parts in a 3D printing process has the disadvantage that the surface of the molded parts is rough or porous and often does not meet industrial requirements for surface quality.
- the molded parts can be subject to increased wear due to their rough surface.
- due to the porous surface structure dirt can relatively easily stick to the surface. The aesthetics and feel of the molded part can thus be significantly impaired.
- Another disadvantage in the production of such molded parts in a 3D printing process is that when coloring the molded parts, the colors of the The plastics available for printing the molded parts are limited.
- the dyes contained in the plastics can also be partially destroyed, which can lead to a pale-looking surface of the molded part.
- the dyes can partially absorb the light so that the entire energy of the light is no longer available for the printing process, which means that the printing process would have to be optimized for each color.
- the molded part is therefore usually made with a white plastic and then colored or painted.
- the molded part When dyeing, the molded part is placed in an immersion bath consisting of water and dyes dissolved in it. In contrast to painting, in which the paint layer only rests on the surface of the molded part, the dye can penetrate a certain depth into the material of the surface during dyeing. In the case of dyeing processes known from the prior art, the dye can penetrate up to 0.1 millimeters into the material, ie the molded part can be dyed through to this depth.
- This disadvantage here is on the one hand that, especially with mechanically highly stressed molded parts, this coloring depth of up to 0.1 millimeters is usually not sufficient, since especially in mechanically highly stressed sections of the molded part, the abrasion can be so great that the original color of the plastic of the molded part can be seen on the surface.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide solutions with which a molded part made of plastic made in a 3D printing process can be smoothed and colored significantly more efficiently, and which at least partially avoid the disadvantages known from the prior art.
- a method for the surface treatment of molded plastic parts produced in a 3D printing process, the surface of the molded part being smoothed and colored, and where
- the surface of the molded part is brought into contact with a fluid or gaseous medium dissolving the surface of the molded part, whereby the surface of the molded part is smoothed and homogenized without material from wear, and
- a dye is introduced into the material of the surface of the molded part by means of a fluidförmi gene or gaseous carrier medium.
- “Smoothing and homogenizing without material removal” means that there is largely no material removal or essentially no material removal, so that the geometry of the molded part is essentially not changed.
- dyeing is nevertheless also possible without simultaneous smoothing, for example if the dyeing temperature is set in such a way that the molded part is colored but not smoothed.
- the smoothing and the dyeing are carried out in two independent steps, the smoothing preferably being carried out before the dyeing.
- the medium can be used as the carrier medium.
- the medium for smoothing the surface of the molded part can thus be reused as a carrier medium for coloring the surface of the molded part.
- the desired dye can be added to the medium and the molding can be treated with the medium-dye mixture.
- the smoothing and the dyeing are carried out at the same time, the medium being used as the carrier medium, so that the medium is used both for smoothing the surface of the molded part and as a carrier medium for the dye.
- “Simultaneously” in this context means that a molded part is smoothed and colored in a single process step.
- the molded part can be both smoothed and colored.
- the smoothing and the dyeing can be carried out several times, preferably at intervals.
- the fluid or gaseous medium and / or the fluid or gaseous carrier medium can comprise a solvent and / or an acid.
- the solvent is selected from the group comprising acetaldehyde, acetamide, acetone, acetonitrile, acetophenone, acetylene, aliphatic hydrocarbons (especially cyclohexane, cyclohexene, diisobutylene, hexane, octane, n-pentane and terpinene), alcohols (especially benzyl alcohol, butylene glycol, Butanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, allyl alcohol, n-propanol and isopropanol), amyl acetate, aniline, anisole, gasoline, benzaldehyde, benzene, chlorobenzene, dioxane, Dimethylamide, dimethylformamide, diethyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylbenzene, ethyl acetate, formalde
- the acid is selected from the group comprising formic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, sulfurous acid, and combinations thereof.
- smoothing can be carried out below atmospheric pressure and coloring above atmospheric pressure.
- the smoothing and coloring of the surface of the molded part can be carried out in a process chamber, the process chamber being supplied with the fluid or gaseous medium and / or the fluid or gaseous carrier medium, and the process chamber preferably being pressure-tight.
- the air present in the process chamber is largely removed before the surface of the molded part is smoothed and colored. It has been found to be advantageous if the molded part is heated for a predetermined period before smoothing and dyeing in order to bring about a controlled escape of the water bound in the molded part. This is particularly advantageous if the molded part is made of a material that can absorb a lot of water from the humidity.
- the fluid or gaseous medium and / or the fluid or gaseous carrier medium together with the dye can be swirled in the process chamber during the smoothing and coloring of the surface of the molded part in order to achieve a uniform smoothing and coloring of the surface of the molded part.
- the swirling can be accomplished with a swirling device.
- the swirling can be brought about by a cyclical supply and suction of the medium and / or the carrier medium into and out of the process chamber.
- an ink container can be arranged in which the dye is accommodated, the dye being released from the ink container into the process chamber.
- the paint container is arranged inside the process chamber.
- the fluid or gaseous medium and / or the fluid or gaseous carrier medium can be passed through the paint container when it is fed into the process chamber, whereby the medium and / or carrier medium absorb dye from the paint container and transport it into the process chamber.
- a gas can be applied to the paint container, the gas absorbing coloring material from the paint container and transporting it into the process chamber.
- the paint container can be introduced into the process chamber in the open state.
- the opening of the paint container is here preferably on the upper side of the paint container.
- the paint container can be opened after it has been introduced into the process chamber, so that the dye can be dispensed from the paint container into the process chamber.
- a wall of the paint container is pierced by means of a nozzle arranged in the process chamber, the nozzle preferably being designed to be movable. It can be advantageous here if the wall is only pierced after smoothing.
- the medium and / or the carrier medium can be fed to the ink container via the nozzle, the medium and / or the carrier medium taking up the dye and introducing it through the opening into the process chamber.
- the medium and / or carrier medium can be separated from residues of the dye.
- the medium and / or carrier medium separated from the residues of the dye can be fed back to the process chamber in order to clean the process chamber.
- a new medium and / or carrier medium can also be introduced into the process chamber.
- carrier medium means that a not yet used or unused medium and / or carrier medium is introduced into the process chamber after the medium and / or carrier medium present and used in the process chamber has been removed from the process chamber.
- the molded parts can remain in the process chamber.
- the molded parts can optionally be smoothed again.
- the process chamber can be moved.
- the movement of the molded parts can be effected by swirling the medium and / or the carrier medium.
- the dye container can be refilled or topped up with additional dye.
- a dosage of the dye in the process chamber can be determined. Depending on the determined dosage, the amount of the dye supplied to the process chamber can be adjusted.
- a surface treatment device is also provided for smoothing and coloring a surface of a molded part made of plastic produced in a 3D printing process, the device comprising - A process chamber in which the molded part can be introduced, the process chamber being designed to be pressure-tight and being closable in a fluid- and gas-tight manner,
- the container is coupled to the process chamber (1) in order to supply the medium to the process chamber,
- the container is coupled to the paint container in order to add one or more dyes from the paint container to the medium to be supplied to the process chamber.
- the container can be coupled to the process chamber and to the paint container via a mixing unit, the mixing unit being able to supply the medium from the container and the dyes from the paint container, the mixing unit being designed to supply the medium and the coloring materials supplied to it mix and feed the medium-dye mixture to the process chamber.
- the surface treatment device can comprise a vapor generator which is coupled to the container, the vapor generator being configured to bring a medium supplied to it from the container into a vaporous form and to supply the vaporous medium to the mixing unit and / or the process chamber.
- the paint container can be designed as a cartridge or capsule and at least partially can be arranged inside the process chamber.
- the paint container can have an outlet opening which can be opened after the paint container has been arranged in the process chamber and through which the dye received in the paint container can escape into the interior of the process chamber.
- the paint container can already be introduced into the process chamber with an open opening and arranged there.
- nozzles can be arranged with which the ink container arranged in the process chamber can be opened, in particular its wall can be pierced.
- the nozzles can be designed to be movable and controllable, so that the opening of the paint container can be controlled. This makes it possible to open the paint container, for example after smoothing, without the process chamber having to be opened for this.
- the paint container can be coupled to the container or to the vapor developer in such a way that the medium supplied to the paint container by the container or by the vapor developer takes up the dye present in the paint container and introduces it into the interior of the process chamber through the outlet opening of the paint container.
- the surface treatment device can have a separating unit which is coupled to the process chamber, the separating unit being able to be supplied with the medium or medium-dye mixture received in the process chamber, the separating unit being adapted to the medium or medium-dye supplied to it. Mixture, optionally in a multi-stage process, to separate from the dyes.
- the mixing unit a heating / cooling device, and / or
- the steam generator has a heating / cooling device
- the process chamber is coupled to a suction device from in order to remove the medium or medium-dye mixture contained in the process chamber or the air contained in the process chamber, and / or
- the steam generator is coupled to a vacuum pump, and / or
- sensors can be assigned to the process chamber, which sensors are arranged in the process chamber, for example, with which the dosage of the dye in the medium-dye mixture can be determined. Due to the color absorption by the moldings arranged in the process chamber, the proportion of the dye in the medium-dye mixture is reduced, so it can be advantageous to increase the proportion of the dye in the medium-dye mixture during the dyeing process. It can be advantageous here if the amount of colorants added to the process chamber from the color container can be adjusted as a function of the determined dosage.
- FIG. 1 a flow chart of the method according to the invention, only the basic steps being shown here, and based on which several variants of the method according to the invention are described;
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a system according to the invention for surface treatment of molded parts produced in a 3D printing process.
- the surface of the molded part is in contact with a die Surface of the molded part dissolving, fluid or gaseous medium ge brought.
- the surface of the molded part is loosened without any material being removed.
- the surface is smoothed and at the same time homogenized.
- "Uniformly homogenized" in this context means that the surface of the molded part has the same or largely the same density and porosity (if there are still pores at all after smoothing) so that uniform color absorption is guaranteed everywhere.
- the surface of the molded part is colored in that a dye is introduced into the material on the upper surface of the molded part with the aid of a fluid or gaseous carrier medium.
- a particular advantage is that significantly better Desirbeergeb nisse are achieved, since the dye can penetrate much deeper into the surface, ie into the material of the molding, than in the prior art known dyeing process. Tests have shown that penetration depths of up to 2 millimeters and more can be achieved, whereas in the case of dyeing processes known from the prior art, penetration depths of only 0.1 millimeters are sufficient. This has the advantage that in the case of sections of the surface of the molded part that are subject to high mechanical loads, the original color of the material of the molded part does not appear (at least only very late). Because In order for the original color to come out, material would have to be removed by up to 2 millimeters or more.
- Another important advantage is that a completely homogeneous surface is created by loosening the surface of the molded part. Due to the printing process, the surface of a molded part has different surface qualities and surface densities. Mechanical processes such as grinding can improve this. In contrast to the dissolving of the surface, such mechanical processes cannot achieve completely homogeneous surfaces.
- the inventive smoothing of the surface of the molded parts plays a special role, since in these processes the molded parts have a particularly rough surface due to caking powder.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that molded parts with complex geometries or functional molded parts that cannot be painted can also be colored.
- FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a method according to the invention, variants of the method according to the invention also being described using this flow chart.
- the smoothing and coloring of a molded part made of plastic using a 3D printing process is advantageously carried out in a process chamber which is designed to be closable. It can be particularly advantageous if the Process chamber is designed pressure-tight, so that a negative pressure, advantageously a substantial vacuum, or an overpressure can be produced in the process chamber.
- the molded parts After manufacturing, i.e. After printing the molded parts in an additive manufacturing process and, if necessary, after removing powder from the printed molded parts, the molded parts are placed in a process chamber in a first step S10 and the process chamber is sealed gas and fluid-tight.
- the air in the process chamber can be sucked off.
- a (extensive) vacuum can also be generated in the process chamber. Sucking off the air or generating the vacuum has the advantage that the process chamber is largely deprived of oxygen, which can lead to yellowing of the molded part during smoothing and dyeing due to the increased temperature in combination with the oxygen.
- the water inevitably contained in the air is withdrawn from the process chamber, so that the entire process can be carried out completely without water according to the invention.
- a major advantage of sucking the air out of the process chamber is that smoothing and dyeing can always be carried out under constant and repeatable conditions, since the air, which can contain different amounts of water in several dyeing processes, does not smoothing and dyeing can influence more. This is particularly important when a large number of molded parts have to be smoothed and colored at different times with the same results.
- the process chamber is heated or cooled prior to the smoothing and coloring of the molded part in order to bring the molded parts to a predetermined temperature.
- a previous heating The process chamber also has the advantage that less vaporous medium (solvent and / or acid) condenses on the inner wall of the process chamber, so that more vapor is available for condensation on the surface of the molded parts.
- the medium (solvent and / or acid) is supplied to the process chamber in the vaporous state.
- the result of smoothing depends not only on the process temperature (or temperature profile of the process) and process duration, but also on the amount of medium that comes into contact with the molded part. With steaming, this amount is determined by how much medium condenses on the surface of the molded part. The greater the temperature difference between the molded part and the steam, the more medium condenses on the surface of the molded part and the stronger the smoothing effect.
- the temperature difference must be set so that the condensation of the steam on the surface of the molded part results in the formation of drops and / or the formation of bubbles on the surface of the molded part and / or a blurring of geometric details on the surface of the molded part due to excessive condensation Medium can be prevented.
- the molded parts introduced into the process chamber are smoothed and colored.
- the molded parts introduced into the process chamber are both smoothed and colored in a single process step. This means that the molded part is smoothed and colored at the same time. If necessary, the simultaneous smoothing and coloring of the molded part can be repeated several times, such multiple repetitions of smoothing and coloring being a single process step within the meaning of the present invention.
- step S30 a carrier medium / dye mixture is fed to the process chamber.
- the carrier medium serves on the one hand to smooth the surface and on the other hand as a carrier medium for transporting the dyes.
- the carrier medium / dye mixture can be produced outside the process chamber and fed into the process chamber.
- a solvent dissolving the surface of the molded part, an acid dissolving the surface of the molded part, or a solvent-acid mixture dissolving the surface of the molded part is used as the medium for smoothing, which is also used as a carrier medium for the dye.
- the desired dye is added to this solvent and / or this acid.
- the medium or carrier medium / dye mixture After the medium or carrier medium / dye mixture has been produced, it is fed to the process chamber. Whereby this mixture according to the invention can be added to the process chamber in liquid form as well as in vapor form.
- the process chamber is flooded so far that the molded parts are completely in the liquid mixture, or the molded parts are completely moved into the process chamber by moving the process chamber or by moving the process chamber - at least temporarily - liquid mixture can be immersed.
- Moving the molded parts in the process chamber or moving the process chamber can not only be advantageous for the purpose of - at least temporarily - complete immersion, but also positively influence the smoothing and / or coloring result, for example the homogeneity of the coloring and / or the Smoothing.
- Moving the molded parts in the process chamber or moving the process chamber can also be advantageous when treating the molded parts by means of a vaporous medium and when cleaning the molded parts or the process chamber.
- the molded parts can be moved indirectly by swirling the medium, which in turn sets the molded parts in motion.
- the mixture When adding the mixture in vapor form, it can be provided that the mixture is brought into a vaporous state outside the process chamber and the mixture is fed to the process chamber as vapor.
- a negative pressure can be generated in the process chamber so that the mixture can also be added to the process chamber in liquid form, the liquid mixture suddenly evaporating at a corresponding negative pressure in the process chamber.
- Providing a negative pressure also has the advantage that the thermal load on the molded part is significantly lower because the evaporation temperature of the mixture is correspondingly lower.
- the molded parts arranged in the process chamber are smoothed and colored at the same time.
- the solvent and / or acid contained in the mixture partially dissolves the surface of the molded part and thereby smooths it.
- the pores present on the surface of the molded part are also closed.
- the surface of the molded part is smoothed without material removal, without the geometry of the molded part changing significantly. As a result, a smooth and homogeneous surface of the molded part is achieved. Simultaneously with the smoothing of the surface, the surface of the molded part is colored with the dye contained in the mixture.
- the simultaneous dissolving of the surface of the molded part allows the dye to penetrate significantly deeper into the surface or into the material because the dissolved surface of the molded part mixes with the dye. As a result, the color can penetrate the surface by up to 2 millimeters or more, so that the molded part is completely colored up to this depth.
- the mixture which may contain residues of the dye, is removed from the process chamber, for example suctioned off (step S50).
- step S40 smoothing and coloring
- a fluid medium-dye mixture can be swirled, for example, with a stirring device arranged in the process chamber, in the case of a vaporous or liquid medium-dye mixture, such a vortex can be achieved by cyclical feeding and suction of the mixture in take place at short intervals.
- a flow valve can be provided on the process chamber through which part of the vaporous medium-dye mixture can escape as soon as possible
- a predetermined value for example 50 mbar
- the steaming time has reached a predetermined time (for example 10 s).
- a further predetermined time e.g. 15 s
- the flow valve can be closed again and a valve through which the vaporous medium-dye mixture is fed to the process chamber can be opened again.
- Process chamber arranged fan-like device can be accomplished.
- the extracted mixture can be returned to the process chamber after a predetermined time.
- the extracted mixture can be fed to a processing facility, and a new medium-dye mixture can be fed to the process chamber to repeat step S40. This also applies to a liquid medium-dye mixture.
- the molded part can first be smoothed and then colored.
- a solvent that dissolves the surface of the molded part and / or an acid that dissolves the surface of the molded part is first supplied to the process chamber.
- the solvent and / or the acid can be fed to the process chamber in liquid form or in vapor form.
- the surface becomes of the molded part is smoothed in step S40 in that the supplied agent dissolves the upper surface of the molded part, whereby the pores are closed and the roughness of the surface is reduced as far as possible without removing material. After smoothing the medium is sucked off. If necessary, step S40 of smoothing can be repeated.
- the desired dye can be added to the suctioned-off medium.
- the medium used for smoothing is used or reused as a carrier medium for the dye.
- the carrier medium and the dye are then fed to the process chamber in step S30, the carrier medium-dye mixture also being able to be fed to the process chamber in liquid or vapor form.
- the surface of the molded part is then colored with the added carrier medium / dye mixture.
- a new, i.e. Fresh medium can be used as the carrier medium with which the dye is fed to the process chamber.
- the extracted medium can also be processed (for example because it is contaminated due to the smoothing process) and then used as a carrier medium.
- a different medium can be used for dyeing than for smoothing.
- an acid can be used for smoothing and a solvent for coloring or a solvent for smoothing and an acid for coloring.
- the temporal separation of smoothing and dyeing within the surface treatment treatment step can be advantageous, for example, if
- the smoothing and the dyeing are to be carried out under different pressure conditions in the process chamber (e.g. smoothing with negative pressure and dyeing with positive pressure, or smoothing and coloring with negative pressure / positive pressure with different pressures each), or
- the pressure conditions can also be changed during smoothing and dyeing.
- the pressure can be increased or decreased during the process.
- the temperature at which smoothing and dyeing takes place can also be changed.
- the molded part can first be colored and then smoothed.
- the molded part can be cooled or heated in the process chamber in step S60, this step being optional.
- any solvent / acid still present on the surface of the molded part can be removed.
- the molded part can also be dried in a vacuum.
- the molded part can be removed from the process chamber (step S70) and optionally subjected to an after-treatment.
- the medium-dye mixture sucked out of the process chamber can be fed to a treatment.
- the preparation of the extracted medium-dye mixture can take place in a separation unit or with the aid of a separation unit, with which the medium or carrier medium is separated from the remaining dye.
- the remaining dye can be separated from the medium, for example, by means of filtration, sedimentation, centrifugation, evaporation and a combination thereof.
- the separation unit here has corresponding facilities. Any additives used in smoothing and dyeing can also be separated from the medium.
- the remaining dye can also be separated from the medium by means of distillation. It is particularly advantageous here if an extensive vacuum or negative pressure can be generated in the separation unit so that the distillation can be carried out at lower temperatures and the color particles of the remaining dye are not destroyed by the distillation.
- a multi-stage separation process can also be provided.
- the extracted medium-dye mixture can first be filtered and then distilled.
- the method according to the invention has several advantages.
- One advantage is that only a single device is required for smoothing and dyeing, while separate devices are required in the prior art for both smoothing and dyeing.
- the hardware effort can be reduced considerably.
- Another essential advantage is that, in contrast to the methods known from the prior art, the molded parts are exposed to thermal stress only once (if high due to the media used Temperatures are necessary), which benefits the quality of the surface-treated molded part. This thermal load can also be reduced even further if the smoothing and dyeing are carried out at negative pressure, because the entire process can be carried out at lower temperatures overall.
- the entire process can be carried out without water, i.e. there is no wastewater.
- a closed circuit can be realized by providing a separation unit, since the remaining dye can be separated from the carrier medium and both the carrier medium and the remaining dye can be reused for surface treatment of other molded parts.
- the separated carrier medium can also be reused for cleaning the process chamber with or without the molded parts contained therein. This has the advantage that possible paint deposits on the surfaces are completely removed. If the process chamber is cleaned together with the molded parts located therein, a further smoothing process can take place depending on the selected medium. The cleaning and / or renewed smoothing can be carried out with the medium Ml, M2 in liquid or gaseous form. In this case, the carrier medium can be fed back to the separation unit.
- a separation unit which separates the medium and the dye
- the medium can be permanently mixed with dye for coloring the components.
- a separation unit can be omitted.
- a separation unit can still be provided to separate dirt, water or other foreign matter from the medium-dye mixture.
- the dosage of the dye in the medium-dye mixture can be controlled via photospectrometric or comparable measurements.
- Corresponding sensors can be assigned to the process chamber, with which the dosage of the dye in the medium-dye mixture can be determined.
- additional dye can be added to the process chamber or the mixing unit can be controlled or regulated accordingly.
- a particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that, compared to the method known from the prior art, the dye can penetrate orders of magnitude deeper into the material of the molded part for the same dyeing time. In the case of objects of daily use, for example, it can be prevented that the original color of the material of the molded part appears through minor scratches. In addition, the dyeing time can be reduced considerably with the same dyeing depth.
- the above-described method for smoothing and coloring can be combined with a pretreatment and / or post-treatment of the surface of the molded parts. This can improve the results of straightening and coloring.
- the surface of the molded part can be blasted with abrasive.
- the beam means can be made of metal, plastic, an organic material, or a mineral material.
- the blasting media can have a spherical or polygonal shape. Kugelför shaped and largely non-abrasive blasting media made of plastic have proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the degree of hardness of the plastic balls should be selected so that it corresponds essentially to the degree of hardness of the plastic of the molded part or is slightly greater or slightly smaller than the degree of hardness of the plastic of the molded part. In this way, on the one hand, the residual powder present on the molded part can be loosened and removed before the molding is smoothed and colored. On the other hand, before or after smoothing and coloring, the surface of the molded part can be compacted and homogenized. Homogenizing the surface before smoothing has the advantage that smoothing the surface leads to even better results.
- blasting methods known per se such as wet blasting, pressure blasting, centrifugal wheel blasting, wet blasting or injector blasting, can be used.
- the surface of the molded part can be ground, it being possible to use known grinding means and grinding methods.
- the subsequent smoothing process can be supported by the previous grinding.
- the temperature of the molded parts can be optimally adjusted for the subsequent smoothing and dyeing.
- the temperature of the molded part can be set so that a predetermined temperature difference is set between the temperature of the molded part and the temperature of the vaporous medium supplied to the process chamber.
- a coating such as a lacquer, can be applied to the surface.
- the molded part After the molded part has been smoothed and colored, it can be washed out with cold or warm water.
- active substances can be applied to the molded part, for example UV absorbers, antibacterial compounds, or the like.
- the smoothing and coloring according to the invention it is possible, for example, with the smoothing and coloring according to the invention to color the molded part with pigments with a metallic effect and then to apply a neon color.
- the subsequent surface treatment of the molded part can also include impregnation and / or infiltration.
- Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a device according to the invention for upper surface treatment of molded plastic parts produced in a 3D printing process.
- the central component of the device is the process chamber 1, in which the medium-dye mixture is introduced and in which the molded parts are smoothed and colored, as described above.
- the process chamber 1 is air-, fluid- and pressure-tight.
- the process chamber 1 can be heated, for example by means of a jacket heater 1.1 arranged on the process chamber 1.
- the process chamber is coupled to a pump or a vacuum pump 7 in order to suck the liquid medium-dye mixture or the vaporous medium-dye mixture from the process chamber 1.
- a pump or a vacuum pump 7 in order to suck the liquid medium-dye mixture or the vaporous medium-dye mixture from the process chamber 1.
- an additional vacuum pump 7.1 can be provided with which the air contained in the process chamber can be sucked off after the mold parts have been introduced into the process chamber, effectively preventing the mold parts from yellowing.
- the suction of the air can also be accomplished with the vacuum pump 7.
- the liquid medium-dye mixture can alternatively also be removed from the process chamber by applying pressure to the process chamber or by gravity.
- the device can have a mixing unit 8 with which the medium (for example a solvent and / or an acid) is mixed with the dye.
- the required dyes can be fed to the mixing unit 8 from one or more dye containers 4.
- the required medium (solvent and / or acid) can also be supplied to the mixing unit 8 from one or more containers provided for this purpose.
- the medium-dye mixture produced with the mixing unit 8 can be fed directly from the mixing unit 8 from the process chamber 1.
- the mixture produced in the mixing unit 8 can be supplied to the process chamber 1 via a vapor developer 6, where the vapor developer 6 is adapted to the Mixing unit 8 to convert the liquid mixture produced into a steam state.
- the Dampfent winder 6 can be heated with a heating device 6.1 in order to achieve the temperatures necessary for generating steam.
- the vapor generator 6 can also be coupled to a vacuum pump 6.2 in order to generate a negative pressure in the vapor generator 6 with which the evaporation temperature can be reduced.
- the vapor developer 6 can also be dispensed with if there is a negative pressure in the process chamber 1 that is suitable for allowing the liquid medium-dye mixture supplied by the mixing unit 8 to evaporate suddenly.
- the mixing unit 8 can also be equipped with a heating device 8.1 in order to heat the medium-dye mixture to a predetermined temperature before it is fed into the process chamber 1, especially when the medium-dye mixture is fed to the process chamber 1 in liquid form shall be.
- the mixture sucked off with the vacuum pump 7 is fed to a separation unit 3 with which the remaining dye is separated from the carrier medium.
- the separated dye can then be fed to a dye container 5.
- the remaining carrier material can be fed to the container 2.
- the separation unit 3 can have corresponding devices to enable the separation of carrier medium and dye, for example by means of filtration, sedimentation, centrifugation, evaporation and a combination thereof.
- the separation unit 3 can also be designed to carry out the separation of the carrier medium and dyes by distillation. To a distillation also with To enable lower temperatures, it can be advantageous to couple the separating unit 3 to a vacuum pump 9.
- the system according to the invention is designed in such a way that the medium can be fed directly to the process chamber 1 from the container 2.
- the medium from the loading ratio 2 is used to smooth the molding.
- the medium is fed from the container 2 to the mixing unit 8 and mixed there with the dyes.
- the medium-dye mixture is then fed from the mixing unit 8 to the process chamber 1 as described above.
- the paint container 4, 5 can be arranged outside the process chamber 1.
- the paint container 4; 5 can also be arranged inside or partially inside the process chamber 1.
- the paint container can be designed as a cartridge or capsule.
- the cartridge or the capsule can be designed in such a way that they can be opened in a targeted manner in order to release the dye contained therein into the process chamber.
- movable lances or nozzles can be provided in the process chamber, with which the wall of the cartridge or the capsule can be pierced. This makes it possible, for example, to specifically open the capsule or the cartridge after the smoothing process in order to specifically release dye into the process chamber for the subsequent dyeing process.
- the lances or nozzles can be designed in such a way that the carrier medium for the dye can be fed to the capsule or cartridge via them.
- the supplied carrier medium can then absorb the dye and introduce it into the process chamber through the opening made.
- the cartridge or capsule can already be placed in the process chamber 1 with an open outlet opening from which the dye can escape. With this configuration, it is then possible to carry out the smoothing with a vaporous medium without the dye being released into the process chamber.
- the liquid medium can take up the dye from the open cartridge or capsule and bring it into the process chamber - the liquid medium then serves as a carrier medium for the dye.
- the dye can be in powder form or in liquid form. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the opening in this embodiment points upwards.
- All units 1 to 10 of the system can be implemented in a single machine or as a unit, i.e. the smoothing and coloring of molded parts produced in a 3D printing process can be carried out in a single machine and preferably simultaneously.
- solvents, acids and dyes mentioned below are particularly suitable for use in the method according to the invention. However, this does not rule out the fact that other solvents, acids and dyes are also suitable for the process according to the invention.
- Acids as a medium for smoothing and as a carrier medium for the dye formic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and sulphurous acid.
- Dyes (classified according to chemical structures): Anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, dioxazine dyes, indigoid dyes, metal complex dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, methine dyes, nitro and nitroso dyes, sulfur dyes, and combinations thereof.
- Dyes (classified according to application technology): Mordant dyes, disperse dyes, developing or coupling dyes, cationic dyes, vat dyes, solvent dyes, reactive dyes, acid dyes, noun dyes, functional dyes, and combinations thereof.
- Gases have also proven suitable as carrier media for the dye, in particular nitrogen, but also argon, hydrogen, helium, ethene, ethine, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, xenon, neon, krypton, nitrous oxide, acetylene, forming gas, ammonia, sulfur dioxide.
- the method according to the invention is particularly (but not only) suitable for molded parts made with the following plastics.
- ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers
- PLA polylactide
- PC polycarbonate
- PA6 polyamide 6,6
- PA12 polyamide 12
- PA11 thermoplastic Elastomers
- TPE thermoplastic polyurethane
- PP polypropylene
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PEKK poly (etherketoneketone)
- PAEK polyaryletherketone
- PEI polyetherimide
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- materials that are filled with glass spheres or carbon fibers such as glass-filled PA12, or materials to which a flame retardant or other active substances have been added, can also be used.
- Laser-sintering, so-called multi-jet modeling, so-called poly-jet modeling, binder jetting or so-called multi-jet fusion can be used as additive processes for printing the molded parts.
- the invention is not limited to these powder-based methods. Rather, other additive processes that can be used for the production can also be used (Printing) molded parts made of a plastic, such as fused filament fabrication, fused deposition molding, stereolithography (SLA) or digital light processing (DLP).
- a molded part made from polyamide 12 powder in a 3D printing process is smoothed and colored, with benzyl alcohol being used as the medium for smoothing and the carrier medium for coloring.
- the process chamber 1 is opened and a goods carrier (basket), which contains the molded part to be smoothed and colored, is inserted into the process chamber.
- the goods carrier has a device for receiving a cartridge in which dye is contained. The cartridge is inserted into the process chamber together with the goods carrier and the process chamber is sealed fluid, gas and pressure-tight.
- the process chamber is then evacuated. Benzyl alcohol vapor is then introduced into the process chamber for a certain time, which in this example is about 45 s. The vaporization with the benzyl alcohol vapor is only started when the benzyl alcohol vapor has reached a pressure of 140 mbar.
- the process chamber is then evacuated.
- the process of introducing benzyl alcohol vapor and evacuating the process chamber is repeated five times.
- the process chamber is then evacuated again so that only the molded parts with a now smoothed surface are in the process chamber.
- liquid benzyl alcohol heated to 115 ° C is introduced into the process chamber with the smoothed molded parts located therein until a pressure of 2 bar is reached.
- the cartridge is opened, for example with a device, such as a needle or point, arranged in the process chamber.
- the dye now emerges from the cartridge and mixes with the liquid benzyl alcohol introduced into the process chamber.
- TERASIL ® TC Black Heuntsman Inter national LLC.
- the mixing of the dye with the liquid benzyl alcohol is supported by a stirrer arranged in the process chamber to ensure uniform distribution of the dye in the liquid benzyl alcohol.
- the temperature (115 ° C.) and the pressure (2 bar) in the process chamber are maintained for about 10 minutes.
- the overpressure prevailing in the chamber allows the dye to penetrate particularly well into the material of the molded part.
- the process chamber is then emptied, i.e. the liquid benzyl alcohol and the dye it contains (i.e. residual dye) are removed from the chamber, for example by draining or by suction.
- the liquid benzyl alcohol removed from the process chamber is collected in a separation unit together with the dye dissolved in it.
- the process chamber is now evacuated several times to a pressure below 10 mbar. This allows residues of the benzyl alcohol to be removed from the molded part.
- the process chamber is ventilated and opened, and the product carrier with the now smoothed and colored molded part and the empty cartridge can be removed.
- the chamber was evacuated and benzyl alcohol vapor was introduced into the process chamber until the internal temperature of the process chamber rose from room temperature to around 140 ° C. The process chamber is then emptied and evacuated again.
- the product carrier After the product carrier has been removed from the process chamber, it is closed again and evacuated. Then hot benzyl alcohol vapor is introduced, which condenses on all surfaces of the process chamber. This removes the possible dye residues from the process chamber. The process chamber is then emptied and evacuated again. The benzyl alcohol removed from the process chamber is also collected in the separation unit.
- evacuation can be carried out to a pressure below 10 mbar.
- the benzyl alcohol collected in the separation unit with the dyes dissolved in it is distilled.
- the pure benzyl alcohol can then be made available for another process and the dye residues can either be disposed of or processed.
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102019113200.2A DE102019113200B8 (de) | 2019-05-17 | 2019-05-17 | Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbehandlung von in einem 3D-Druckverfahren hergestellten Formteil aus Kunststoff |
PCT/EP2020/063819 WO2020234240A1 (de) | 2019-05-17 | 2020-05-18 | System und verfahren zur oberflächenbehandlung von in einem 3d-druckverfahren hergestellten formteil aus kunststoff |
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Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP3934895A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019113200B8 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020234240A1 (de) |
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DE102021101995A1 (de) | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-28 | Dyemansion Gmbh | Kunststoffstrahlmittel sowie Verwendung eines Kunststoffstrahlmittels |
GB2603898A (en) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-24 | Additive Manufacturing Tech Ltd | Method of colouring additively manufactured parts |
DE102021106355A1 (de) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-09-22 | Dyemansion Gmbh | Anlage für Chemisches Glätten von Kunststoffbauteilen und Verfahren |
DE102021116666A1 (de) | 2021-06-28 | 2022-12-29 | Dyemansion Gmbh | Heizen beim entpacken oder entpulvern von bauteilen eines additiven fertigungsprozesses |
US20230287190A1 (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-09-14 | HowmedicaOsteonicsCorp. | Process of Dying Polymer Parts |
CN116945600B (zh) * | 2023-08-04 | 2024-02-23 | 北京易加三维科技有限公司 | 粉末床熔融热塑性弹性体的表面处理方法 |
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DE1966541C3 (de) * | 1969-01-18 | 1978-11-16 | Arthur Pfeiffer-Vakuumtechnik-Wetzlar Gmbh, 6334 Asslar | Anlage zur Verarbeitung von Gießharz |
DE102010001101A1 (de) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-28 | Mykita Studio GmbH, 10115 | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung |
DE102014102137C5 (de) * | 2014-02-19 | 2022-10-06 | Dyemansion Gmbh | Verfahren zum Behandeln von Oberflächen von Kunststoffgegenständen und Kunststoffgegenstand |
DE102014112508B4 (de) * | 2014-08-29 | 2022-06-02 | Dyemansion Gmbh | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung von Formteilen |
DE102015115821A1 (de) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | Dyemansion Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen und zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Formteils |
EP3305510A1 (de) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-11 | Acondicionamiento Tarrasense | Verfahren zum polieren von durch generative fertigung oder 3d-drucktechniken hergestellten polyamidobjekten |
DE102017200191A1 (de) * | 2017-01-09 | 2018-07-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Glätten einer aus einem Kunststoff gebildeten Oberfläche eines Artikels |
DE102018002401C5 (de) * | 2018-03-22 | 2023-04-27 | Luxyours Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum chemischen Glätten von Kunststoffteilen |
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DE102019113200B8 (de) | 2021-04-15 |
WO2020234240A1 (de) | 2020-11-26 |
DE102019113200B4 (de) | 2021-01-21 |
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