Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
  • B24B27/0038—Other grinding machines or devices with the grinding tool mounted at the end of a set of bars
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
  • G06T1/0014—Image feed-back for automatic industrial control, e.g. robot with camera
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
  • B24B19/26—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding workpieces with arcuate surfaces, e.g. parts of car bodies, bumpers or magnetic recording heads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
  • B24B19/26—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding workpieces with arcuate surfaces, e.g. parts of car bodies, bumpers or magnetic recording heads
  • B24B19/265—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding workpieces with arcuate surfaces, e.g. parts of car bodies, bumpers or magnetic recording heads for bumpers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
  • B24B21/006—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for special purposes, e.g. for television tubes, car bumpers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
  • B24B21/008—Machines comprising two or more tools or having several working posts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
  • B24B27/0023—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines with a plurality of working posts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
  • B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
  • B25J11/00—Manipulators not otherwise provided for
  • B25J11/005—Manipulators for mechanical processing tasks
  • B25J11/0065—Polishing or grinding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
  • B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
  • B25J19/02—Sensing devices
  • B25J19/021—Optical sensing devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
  • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
  • B25J9/16—Programme controls
  • B25J9/1656—Programme controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators
  • B25J9/1661—Programme controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators characterised by task planning, object-oriented languages
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T7/00—Image analysis
  • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
  • G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
  • G06T7/001—Industrial image inspection using an image reference approach
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
  • G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
  • G01N2021/8427—Coatings

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for coordinating detection and loading by grinding and / or polishing at least one defect with at least one automatically and computer-controlled grinding or polishing tool in the surface coating of a workpiece that can be moved over the defect using a stored program Claim 1 and a device for performing the method.
• the appropriate abrasive is then selected based on the defect classification and the defect is eliminated by manual grinding and subsequent polishing.
• abrasives on substrates with micro-grains have proven to be very effective; they are used as sanding sheets manually or on hand-held machines, rotary, eccentric, orbital or by vibration.
• the aim is to keep the grinding point as small as possible and to prepare it for subsequent polishing with a minimum surface roughness.
• the sanding is carried out using what is known as wet sanding, in which the flaw and / or the sanding sheet is wetted with grinding water, significantly more flaws can be processed.
• the flaw to be worked on should be cleaned after the grinding process before polishing due to adhering grinding dust or slurry, which can be very time-consuming, especially on vertical surfaces.
• polishing For polishing, a corresponding amount of polishing paste is dosed onto the grinding point and / or a polishing wheel and the grinding point is processed with a polishing machine.
• the employee can suffer significant losses in quality and additional work if hand-held grinding and polishing machines are set up at an angle, if, for example, ergonomically unfavorable areas have to be sanded, the wrong micro-grain size is used, the sanding sheet is incorrectly placed on the backing pad is positi oned, the sanding sheet is not changed in time, the sanding time is exceeded and is therefore sanded too deep, the amount of polishing paste selected for the sanding point is too large and thus unnecessary polishing paste splashes on the workpiece such as the body of a motor vehicle or too little polishing paste is chosen and therefore the optimal polishing effect does not occur and the polishing point becomes too warm due to too much contact pressure and too long polishing time and the polishing paste flocculates and polishing circles occur.
• the employee When machining defects, the employee is given partially automated grinding and polishing times or carried out automatically.
• the invention is based on the object of developing a method of the generic type in such a way that the grinding or polishing result is optimized, in particular the detection of defects and the automated grinding and polishing are better coordinated with one another.
• the method according to the invention for coordinating detection and processing by grinding and / or polishing at least one flaw with at least one automatically and computer-controlled grinding or polishing tool in the surface coating of a workpiece that can be moved over the flaw using a stored program has the following procedural steps:
• the method according to the invention in particular through the interplay of automated troubleshooting and automated grinding and polishing, significantly improves the precise coordination of the individual process steps.
• the pre-simulation of a grinding or polishing process before the grinding or polishing is carried out ensures that the respective imperfections can be processed automatically with the available grinding or polishing tools.
• the subsequent processing of the flaw by the grinding or polishing tool can be processed in an optimized manner, in particular for speed, on the basis of the processing data transferred to a control unit of the grinding or polishing tool.
• the optical scanning of the surface coating of the workpiece takes place in the detection station with the aid of a movable detection unit. This makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the positioning method with regard to position data, error size and error type. This in turn enables machining with the smallest possible grinding points.
• the flaw is marked and displayed.
• the workpiece is subdivided into processing areas before step e).
• the processing areas are preferably calculated based on the geometry of the workpiece and the accessibility for a respective grinding or polishing tool.
• the coordination can be significantly improved, especially if several grinding or polishing tools are present. This also avoids collisions between the tools.
• the at least one grinding or polishing tool is controlled in such a way that the processing of the imperfections is optimized in terms of time and route.
• several grinding or polishing tools arranged next to one another are activated simultaneously for processing a respective defect. This enables the simultaneous machining of several defects, which means that the machining time of the workpiece can be further reduced.
• the opening angle of the stored target data, for example CAD data, of the workpiece is calculated inline via a distance sensor and taken into account during error processing, so that the grinding and polishing tool can use the correct surface normal.
• the grinding takes place exclusively as so-called dry grinding.
• a multiple of the area of the previously grinding machined surface is machined during the polishing machining of the flaw, which in particular has the advantage of less heat development in the area of the polishing point and thus prevents a flocculation or the like of a polishing agent used .
• the device according to the invention for performing the above-described method has a detection station, a grinding station and a polishing station.
• At least one grinding tool is designed as a robot connected to a computer, which has a rotating and / or vibrating and / or orbital movable support device attached to an arm of the robot for holding a grinding belt, as well as a polishing tool, which is used as a robot connected to a computer is formed, which has a rotating and / or vibrating and / or orbital be movable support plate for holding a polishing sponge, the arm being computer-controlled movable.
• a sanding belt is particularly suitable for dry sanding, as such a sanding belt can be adjusted in cycles after each processing of a flaw, so that an unused area of the sanding belt is available for each flaw to be processed and thus a consistent quality of the sanding process for every defect.
• the at least one grinding or polishing tool can be moved along a linear axis, which enables the grinding or polishing tool to have a greater range.
• the polishing tool has a wiping device and / or a blowing device and, if necessary, a detection unit.
• the wiping device thus enables automated wiping of the polishing point.
• the blowing device enables further cooling of the polishing point by blowing compressed air, in particular into the polishing sponge.
• the registration unit enables results to be checked.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of egg ner device according to the invention for performing a method according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is a side view of the device shown in Fig. 1 and 3, 4 and 5 are perspective views of a detail of the FIG.
• the reference numeral 1 is a total of an embodiment variant of a device according to the invention for performing a method for detecting and processing by grinding and / or polishing at least one defect 1 with at least one automatically and computer-controlled using a stored program about the defect 1 movable grinding or polishing tool 7, 8 referred to in the surface coating of a workpiece 5.
• the device has a detection station 2, a grinding station 3 and a polishing station 4.
• the individual stations are connected to one another via a rail system 9 on which the workpieces 5 to be processed, for example in the form of body parts of a motor vehicle, can be moved from station to station and fed to the individual stations in a clocked manner.
• the detection station 2 has two robots with respective robot arms, at the end of which an optical scanning device is attached.
• the optical scanning device preferably has an electromagnetic radiation source which is directed onto the workpiece 5, as well as a detector unit 61 with which the beams reflected from the workpiece 5 are detected and subsequently evaluated.
• the optical scanning device 6 can optically capture all areas of the surface of the workpiece 5 with the aid of the movable robot arm.
• the robot arm is preferably controlled via a higher-level master computer with a database connected to it, in which the relative coordinates of the surface of the workpiece 5 to be scanned are stored.
• restricted areas with respect to the workpiece 5 are permanently stored or automatically determined in advance, for example along the edges of the workpiece 5, along the fat edges of workpieces 5 designed as body modules and in tight radii of the workpiece 5.
• All the required parameter variables are stored for the processing movement of the robots and are matched to the respective error size.
• Limit values are stored for the parameter variables that can be changed for a continuous improvement process.
• the optical scanning device 6 scans the surface of the workpiece 5, preferably by applying a light beam.
• the reflected radiation is detected with a detector and any defects found on the surface of the workpiece 5 are digitally stored in a second database.
• the position data and, if necessary, an error weighting are stored.
• the recorded flaws data are compared with the stored relative coordinates of the workpiece 5 and used for the above further automated processing, i.e. the grinding treatment and the subsequent polishing treatment , Voted.
• the detection unit would optically scan the defect area beforehand and use the more precise data in step b) for further processing.
• two robots are also arranged in the grinding station 3 adjacent to the detection station 2.
• the robots can be moved along a linear axis 32. It is also conceivable to place the robots of the detection station 2 and / or the polishing station 4 on such linear axes 32. It is also conceivable to arrange the robots of the grinding station 3 in a stationary but rotatable manner in the grinding station 3.
• the coordinates of this flaw are transferred to the master computer and preferably to an employee visualized on a screen.
• the position data for this flaw is forwarded to the master computer for further grinding.
• the grinding tool 7 and the robot arm, to which the grinding tool 7 is attached, are brought into the intended position in order to grind the flaw.
• the workpiece 5 is preferably subdivided into several processing areas before the processing data determined for processing the defect are transferred to the grinding tool 7 .
• These machining areas are calculated using the geometry of the workpiece 5 and the accessibility for a respective grinding tool 7.
• the grinding tool 7 that is most economical in terms of time and route is then controlled in such a way that the machining of the flaw is optimized in terms of time and route.
• the flaws can be machined in parallel without the grinding or polishing tools or the robot and the robot arms colliding such a grinding or polishing tool is arranged comes.
• an evaluation is preferably carried out by the master computer using statistical methods in order to further improve the automation of the processing of the imperfections, in particular by reducing the number of processing steps.
• the grinding or polishing tool is aligned accordingly or it compensates for slight deviations by gently placing it on the workpiece part of the workpiece 5.
• Such situations occur, for example, with vehicle bodies with doors, hoods or flaps that, after painting and drying, are not only pre-fixed in their closed position, but in the respective spacers and can be moved into the closed position when pressure is applied.
• an upstream distance sensor to calculate the opening angle, in particular of the grinding tool 7, and thus to take it into account during the grinding process.
• grinding tools 7 are preferably used for the grinding process, which can work in dry grinding.
• the grinding tool 7 preferably has a grinding belt 71 which is displaced so far after each grinding process that a still unused part of the grinding belt is used for the following grinding process.
• the grinding belt 71 is preferably held on a support plate of the grinding tool 7 by vacuum.
• micro-grain size used here is matched to the polishing paste used.
• the micro-grain size used is preferably a very fine grain size outside of the FEPA-P series, the max. Roughness depth is less than 0.5 pm.
• the same micro-grain size is preferred for all types or sizes of defects.
• sanding takes place several times, but always with an unused abrasive, with the sanding movement being adapted to the size of the defect.
• an unused abrasive By using an unused abrasive, the surface roughness of the grinding point is within a narrow tolerance range, even when processing larger defects.
• the polishing tool 8 has a polishing device attached to a robot arm with a polishing sponge through which the polishing agent, in particular in the form of a polishing paste, can be fed. It is also conceivable to feed the polishing agent directly onto the grinding point or into the polishing sponge itself. Time-consuming wetting of the polishing sponge surface can be dispensed with because the polishing paste dosage is at least tripled once after changing the polishing sponge.
• polishing sponge is then preferably replaced after the third cleaning.
• the area of the polishing processing at the respective flaw is preferably several times larger than the area of the surface that was previously processed by grinding.
• the heat development can be minimized by changing the contact pressure and cooling by means of compressed air in the polishing sponge.
• the polishing tool 8 preferably has a wiping device, for example in the form of a microfiber cloth or a cleaning sponge, in order to enable automatic wiping of the polishing point.
• the wiping device is preferably attached to a robot arm together with the polishing device 8, the wiping device being designed to be pivotable.
• the polishing tool 8 preferably has a blower device with which compressed air can be applied to the polishing point to cool it.
• a blower device with which compressed air can be applied to the polishing point to cool it.
• a detection unit 6 mounted on the polishing tool optically scans the machined areas and uses them to check the results.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Robotics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Quality & Reliability (AREA)
• Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
• Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
• Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=66752070

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2019
  • 2019-05-27 WO PCT/EP2019/063677 patent/WO2020239198A1/de unknown
  • 2019-05-27 BR BR112021018726A patent/BR112021018726A2/pt unknown
  • 2019-05-27 CA CA3133863A patent/CA3133863A1/en active Pending
  • 2019-05-27 MX MX2021014453A patent/MX2021014453A/es unknown
  • 2019-05-27 CN CN201980096750.4A patent/CN113874163A/zh active Pending
  • 2019-05-27 KR KR1020217042579A patent/KR20220016898A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2019-05-27 EP EP19728360.9A patent/EP3930960A1/de active Pending
  • 2019-05-27 US US17/612,294 patent/US20220222765A1/en active Pending
• 2021
  • 2021-09-17 ZA ZA2021/06870A patent/ZA202106870B/en unknown

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