Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
  • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
  • B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
  • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
  • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
  • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
  • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
  • H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• TITLE Electrical supply device of at least one device for consuming electrical energy or at least one device for restoring electrical energy
• the present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles.
• the object of the invention is therefore to propose a solution to all or part of these problems.
• the present invention relates to an electrical supply device of at least one member for consuming electrical energy or at least one member for restoring electrical energy or at least one member for consumption and restitution of electrical energy from an electrical installation, the device comprising a plurality of electrical energy generators, each generator of the plurality being electrically connected in parallel with the other generators, each generator comprising a calculation unit, a power converter and an element for the storage and return of electrical energy, the power converter of a generator being bidirectional and configured to control a value of an actuating quantity on the basis of an electrical power for charging or discharging the generator. storage element of said generator, the electric charging or discharging power being calculated in real time by the calculation unit as a function of:
• the regulation of the value of the control variable of each generator of the plurality of generators of the device is distributed to each generator which is configured to ensure this regulation autonomously according to the information that it receives from each of the devices. other generators.
• the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics, alone or in combination.
• the at least one consumption member is configured to exclusively consume electrical energy supplied by the device
• the at least one restitution member is configured to exclusively restore electrical energy to the device
• the consumption and restitution is configured to alternately consume electrical energy delivered by the device, or to restore electrical energy to the device.
• the determined setpoint power is determined by a difference between a setpoint voltage of the electrical installation and a voltage measured at the terminals of each generator.
• the values of the control variables converge towards the same values, whatever the initial conditions or the impedances of the installation between each generator, while maintaining a voltage of the electrical installation regulated around the setpoint voltage. of the electrical installation.
• the function of the function of the values of the control variables and of the setpoint power is a Lyapunov function. According to these arrangements, for a given setpoint power, the electrical charging or discharging power is distributed unfairly over the various electrical storage and return elements, so that the electrical power adjustment variable is kept balanced on all the generators, whatever the initial conditions.
• the electrical installation is a motor vehicle, for example a tramway, or a train, or a bus, or a truck, or boat, or an aircraft.
• a motor vehicle for example a tramway, or a train, or a bus, or a truck, or boat, or an aircraft.
• the electrical energy consumption member is a reversible electric motor, configured to operate alternately in an electrical energy consumption mode, and in an electrical energy delivery mode.
• the electric charging or discharging power is calculated by the calculation unit according to a determined temporal periodicity, at least in part, as a function of the operating frequency or of the cut-off frequency of the power converter. generator, according to a system response time.
• the adjustment quantity of an electric power is an electric voltage or an electric current intensity or a cumulative count of an electric charge passing through the storage element.
• the voltage or current at the terminals of the storage elements of the generators is balanced, whatever the initial conditions, whatever the energy value of the storage elements, whatever the number of generators connected in parallel.
• the setpoint power is split instantaneously and adjusted so as to balance the voltages or the currents at the terminals of the storage elements.
• the invention also relates to a method for the supply of an electrical energy to or for the recovery of an electrical energy returned by at least one device for consuming electrical energy or at least one device for recovering electrical energy.
• electrical energy or at least one unit for consuming and restoring electrical energy, of an electrical installation the electrical energy being delivered by or returned to a plurality of electrical energy generators, each generator of the plurality being connected electrically in parallel with the other generators, each generator comprising a calculation unit, a bidirectional power converter and an element for storing and restoring electrical energy, the method comprising the following steps are implemented and then repeated according to a time frequency repetition, by each generator of the plurality of generators:
• the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics, alone or in combination.
• the at least one consumption member is configured to exclusively consume electrical energy supplied by the device
• the at least one restitution member is configured to exclusively restore electrical energy to the device
• the consumption and return device is configured to alternately consume electrical energy delivered by the device, or to return electrical energy to the device.
• the function of the value of the control variable of the electric charge or discharge power is a Lyapunov function.
• the temporal repetition frequency is determined at least in part as a function of the operating frequency or of the cut-off frequency of the power converter of the generator.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a generator according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the data exchanges between several generators of a device according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the steps of a method according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a more complete representation of an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 6 is a more complete representation of an embodiment of the invention.
• the electric power supply device comprises a plurality of electric energy generators (101i, IOI2 , IOI3), each generator of the plurality being electrically connected in parallel with the other generators, so as to supply the electrical energy required by at least one device for consuming electrical energy or for restoring electrical energy or for consuming and restoring electrical energy (102i) of an electrical installation;
• the at least one consumption member is configured to exclusively consume electrical energy supplied by the device;
• the at least one restitution member is configured to exclusively restore electrical energy to the device;
• the at least one consumption and return member is configured to alternately consume electrical energy delivered by the device, or to return electrical energy to the device;
• the electrical installation is a motor vehicle, for example a tram, or a train, or a bus, or a boat or an aircraft; and the electrical consumption member is for example a reversible electric motor, configured to operate alternately in an electrical energy consumption mode, and in an electrical energy delivery mode and configured to actuate a propulsion or
• the vehicle is a tram comprising one or more trainsets or wagons, each trainset or wagon being equipped with one or more driving wheels driven by one or more electric motors; moreover, one or more trainsets or wagons of the tram can each be equipped with one or more electric generators (101i, IOI2 , IOI3) according to the invention.
• the trainsets which are equipped with electrically motorized wheels may be different from the trainsets which are equipped with one or more electric generators, the electric generators mounted on different trainsets being electrically connected with each other and to the different electric motors, for example along at least one cable deployed on all of the trains, so as to ensure in parallel the supply of the electric power required by these electric motors.
• Electric motors can have different powers.
• the electric generators can be wholly or partly grouped within one or more boxes comprising several generators coupled in parallel, the boxes then being themselves connected to each other to ensure in parallel the supply of the electric power required by these electric motors.
• the generators, and / or the boxes grouping several generators are physically distributed at different locations of the train, so that some may be close to the electric motor (s). 102i to drive the drive wheels of the train, while others may be further away Some may be connected near an additional electrical load such as air conditioning systems. This unequal physical distribution of functions generates voltage drops in the interconnection cable or cables.
• each generator of the device comprises a bidirectional power converter CP k and a storage element ES k of electrical energy.
• the power converter is, for example, a 133 KW converter.
• the power converter makes it possible to adapt a physical quantity of the voltage and / or current type present on the interconnection network of the generators into a quantity V k of the voltage and / or current type corresponding to the needs of the electrical energy storage elements. .
• a method of calculating a charge and / or discharge power adjusted for each storage element of each generator is implemented so that a discharge of the most loaded storage element is privileged, and / or a load of the least loaded storage element is privileged. According to these arrangements, the load of the various storage elements is constantly brought back to equilibrium, and the circulation of unwanted currents between the storage elements is avoided.
• the charging or discharging power, adjusted for each storage element of each generator is calculated as a function of a setpoint power P linked to the demand of the electric motors for driving the driving wheels.
• each generator 101i, IO I2, IO I3 comprises a calculation unit UC k , the calculation unit of a generator being configured to on the one hand transmit to all the calculation units of the other generators, according to a determined periodicity, a value of the quantity V k , characteristic of an adjustment of the storage element of the generator, and on the other hand to receive the values of the quantity ⁇ characteristic of an adjustment of the storage element of the other generators interconnected on the motor supply network.
• the regulation method also takes into account the possible loss of one or more generators due to a possible failure. For this, each generator 101 k maintains an indicator N k of its operating state, which is distributed by the calculation units of each generator to all the calculation units of the other generators. These arrangements make it possible to ensure the operation of the device even in the event of failure of a 101 k generator.
• the invention relates to a method.
• the following steps, illustrated in FIG. 4, are implemented in real time, then repeated by each generator according to a repetition time frequency, with:
• the adjustment quantity V k corresponds to a cumulative count of an electric charge passing through each storage element ES k .
• the setpoint power is determined by a difference between a setpoint voltage TC of the electrical installation and a measured voltage TMi , TM2 , TM3 at the terminals of each generator.
• the values of the adjustment quantities V k converge towards the same values, whatever the initial conditions or the impedances 1, 2, 3 of the installation between each generator 101i, IOI2 , IOI3, while maintaining a voltage of the electrical installation regulated around the setpoint voltage TC of the electrical installation.
• the temporal frequency of repetition of the steps of the method is determined, at least in part, as a function of the cut-off or operating frequency of the power converter of each generator; Thus, the temporal frequency of repetition of the steps must be greater than or equal to the cut-off or operating frequency of the power converters.
• the adjustment quantity V k is preferably an electric voltage and the temporal frequency of repetition of the steps is preferably higher; thus a temporal frequency corresponding to a period of about 5 ms is advantageous.
• the physical dispersion of the generators is the cause of different impedances 1, 2, 3 on the different parts of the network on which are connected the terminals of the generators, as shown in Figure 1;
• the compensation of these different impedances at the terminals of the generators is preferably carried out by using an intensity of electric current for the regulation of the charges and discharges of the storage elements of the generators, and by repeating the steps of the regulation method according to a lower temporal frequency when the generators are grouped together in a safe; thus a temporal frequency corresponding, for example, to a period of about 80 ms is advantageous.
• each generator when a generator is in operating fault, each generator is configured to determine a number of generators which are in good operating condition: the value of the state N k of each generator in good operating condition is equal to 1, for example, and the value of the state Nk of each generator in the non-operating state is equal to 0, so that by adding, in the calculation step 104, the values received for the state N k of each generator, the calculation unit UC k of each generator is able to independently determine the number of generators which are able to contribute to the supply of electrical energy to the electrical consumption members of the installation.
• Each generator is thus able to apply to the setpoint power P a suitable ratio so that the total power delivered by all the generators remains equal to the setpoint power P, after taking into account the regulation of the values of the quantity V k for adjusting the charge and discharge of the storage elements according to a determined function.
• the function of the values of the quantity V k for adjusting the charge and discharge of the storage elements is a Lyapunov function. According to these arrangements, for a given setpoint power, the electrical power charge or discharge is distributed unfairly over the various electrical storage and return elements, so that the electrical power control variable is kept balanced across all of the generators, whatever the conditions initials.
• the power setpoint P, requested by the system 120i, is determined as a function of the difference between the voltage TMi of the distribution line which supplies the device 110i and the setpoint voltage TC.
• the charging or discharging powers Pcal k of each of the storage elements ESk will be different between the generators 101k.
• the calculation unit UC k defines a power setpoint Pcal k for each electrical energy generator 101k so as to balance each storage element ES k .
• the balancing is carried out according to the sign of P, the sign indicating whether the device is requested in a charging or discharging mode.
• the storage elements ES k having the least charge will be mainly requested by a set point of Pcal k which will be greater than the powers Pcal k corresponding to the most heavily loaded elements ES k .
• the calculation unit UC k weights the power Pcal k according to the state of charge of each element so as to guarantee that the sum of the powers Pcal k of each electrical energy generator 101 k is equal to the setpoint P to ensure the power and energy stability of the system.
• each 101 k electric power generator must not receive or produce more power than the device in demand, in real time.
• the storage elements ES k having the most charges will be mainly requested by a Pcal k setpoint which will be greater than the Pcal k powers corresponding to the least loaded ESK elements.
• the control unit UC k weights the power Pcal k according to the state of charge of each element so as to ensure that the sum of the powers Pcal k of each electrical energy generator 101k is equal to the setpoint P to ensure the power and energy stability of the system. Indeed, each 101 k electric energy generator must not receive or produce more power than the device wishes in real time. According to these provisions, the dosage estimated by the control unit UCK makes it possible to weight, in real time and simultaneously, Pcal k , as a function of the sign of P, for each energy storage element ES k , while respecting a power instantaneous acceptable Pcal k in each energy storage element ESK and in each power converter CP k .
• the balancing strategy according to the invention thus leads to charging or discharging the storage and return elements in proportion to the total power P requested for charging or discharging; this balancing strategy excludes in particular that a storage and restitution element ES k is loaded or unloaded in another storage and restitution element ES j , as is the case according to the balancing strategies of l prior art.
• the strategies of the prior art thus generate over-currents on the one hand in the energy storage elements ESk and on the other hand in the power converters CPk of the electrical energy generator 101 k .
• the balancing strategy according to the invention makes it possible to avoid these over-currents.
• the device is kept in operation continuously, to possibly protect against an imbalance between energy storage elements ESK ÎOU ⁇ by ensuring management of the power P supplied to the device 110i, although the powers Pcal k are different,
• a weighting of the setpoint value of Pcal k by the control unit UC k can be carried out to compensate for premature aging of certain energy storage element ES k while keeping the sum of Pcal k equal to P setpoint.
• the line voltage TMi is naturally regulated, thanks to the adjustment of the power of P as a function of the difference between the line voltage TMi measured at the terminals of 120i and the voltage setpoint TC:
• Fig 6 uses the same principle, with several 120i, 120 2 , ..., 120 k systems to balance:
• the setpoint power Pcal k then becomes the power setpoint of each device 110 k and the latter is calculated by UC k , so as to have an identical power P k in each 120k system, whatever the line impedances zl, z2 to zk.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=67262537

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2019
  • 2019-02-08 FR FR1901283A patent/FR3092709B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-01-30 EP EP20707502.9A patent/EP3921202A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-01-30 US US17/429,494 patent/US20220131370A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-01-30 WO PCT/FR2020/050147 patent/WO2020161414A1/fr unknown
  • 2020-01-30 CN CN202080013407.1A patent/CN113784865A/zh active Pending

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