EP3921118A1 - Outil de rodage et procédé d'usinage de précision reposant sur l'utilisation de l'outil de rodage - Google Patents

Outil de rodage et procédé d'usinage de précision reposant sur l'utilisation de l'outil de rodage

Info

Publication number
EP3921118A1
EP3921118A1 EP20703181.6A EP20703181A EP3921118A1 EP 3921118 A1 EP3921118 A1 EP 3921118A1 EP 20703181 A EP20703181 A EP 20703181A EP 3921118 A1 EP3921118 A1 EP 3921118A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
honing
cutting material
carrier
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20703181.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3921118C0 (fr
EP3921118B1 (fr
Inventor
Florian KRANICHSFELD
Joachim Weiblen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elgan Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Elgan Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elgan Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Elgan Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3921118A1 publication Critical patent/EP3921118A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3921118C0 publication Critical patent/EP3921118C0/fr
Publication of EP3921118B1 publication Critical patent/EP3921118B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/08—Honing tools
    • B24B33/084—Honing tools having honing stones at the end of bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/02—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/08—Honing tools
    • B24B33/083—Honing tools with different sets of honing stones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a honing tool according to the preamble of claim 1 and a fine machining method according to the preamble of claim 13.
  • a preferred field of application is the fine machining of cylinder sliding surfaces in the production of cylinder blocks or cylinder liners for reciprocating piston machines.
  • cylinder running surfaces in cylinder blocks (cylinder crankcases) or cylinder liners of internal combustion engines or other reciprocating piston engines are exposed to severe tribological stress during operation. Therefore, when manufacturing cylinder blocks or cylinder liners, it is important to machine these cylinder sliding surfaces in such a way that sufficient lubrication is ensured later under all operating conditions by a lubricant film and the frictional resistance between parts moving relative to one another is kept as low as possible.
  • Honing is a machining process with geometrically undefined cutting edges.
  • an expandable honing tool is moved up and down or back and forth within the bore to be machined to generate a stroke movement in the axial direction of the bore and, at the same time, rotated to generate a rotary movement superimposed on the stroke movement.
  • the cutting material bodies attached to the honing tool are pressed against the inner surface to be machined via a feed system with a feed force acting radially to the tool axis.
  • a cross-cut pattern typical for honing, with intersecting machining marks, which are also referred to as "honing marks" is usually created on the inner surface.
  • the optimization of the tribological system piston / piston rings / cylinder running surface is of particular importance in order to achieve low friction, low wear and low oil consumption.
  • the macroscopic shape (macro shape) of the holes and the surface structure are of particular importance.
  • fine boring and / or honing are used to produce a bore shape that differs from the circular cylinder shape in a defined manner.
  • Such bore shapes are usually asymmetrical in the axial direction and / or in the circumferential direction, because the deformations of the cylinder block are also usually not symmetrical.
  • the ideal circular cylinder shape should usually result, so that the piston ring package can seal well over the entire circumference of the bore.
  • the honing tool has an annular, expandable cutting group with several cutting material bodies distributed around the circumference of the tool body, the axial length of which, measured in the axial direction (parallel to the tool axis), is smaller than an effective outer diameter of the cutting group when the cutting material bodies are fully retracted.
  • the cutting group has a plurality of radially adjustable supports which carry cutting material bodies in the form of honing segments on their radial outer sides, each of which covers a circumferential angle area which is greater than the axial length of the cutting group.
  • honing tools of this type are particularly suitable for generating an axial contour and / or for following an already existing axial contour of the bore.
  • short axial lengths of the cutting group can be advantageous in order to generate sufficient surface pressure for machining.
  • the fact that the cutting group has several radially adjustable supports, each of which covers a circumferential angular range that is greater than the axial length of the cutting group can achieve, among other things, that, for example, transverse bores in the wall of a cylinder barrel can be bridged in the circumferential direction during honing that despite axially short cutting material bodies there is no risk of uneven machining in the area of transverse bores.
  • the applicant's DE 10 2014 212 941 A1 shows similar honing tools with a relatively short annular cutting group in the axial direction, in which a large proportion of the circumference is covered with cutting means.
  • a guide group with adjustable guide rails is also provided.
  • the annular cutting group has relative in the circumferential direction wide beams that can be delivered radially together via a delivery system.
  • the outer sides of the carrier are covered with a shell-shaped full covering (honing segment). It can also be that the outer sides each carry cutting material bodies with axial longitudinal grooves, so that the radially outer cutting surfaces are interrupted several times in the circumferential direction.
  • Variants are also described in which a plurality of relatively narrow honing stones are attached to the outer side of the rigid carrier, which is curved in the circumferential direction and are circumferentially spaced so that groove-like spaces are formed between the honing stones.
  • An efficient supply and removal of cooling lubricant and removal of abrasion is possible through the grooves or spaces.
  • the invention provides a honing tool with the features of claim 1. Furthermore, a fine machining method having the features of claim 13 is provided. Advantageous further developments are given in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated into the content of the description by reference.
  • the honing tool has a tool body that defines a tool axis. Directions parallel to the tool axis are called "axial direction” or "axial direction". There are two cutting groups that can be advanced independently of one another on the tool body attached, namely a first cutting group and a second cutting group.
  • the first cutting group has several first carriers, which can be advanced radially to the tool axis by means of an assigned first infeed system.
  • the first carriers each cover a relatively wide circumferential angle range of at least 20 ° on their radial outer side.
  • the circumferential angular range covered by a first carrier can e.g. 25 ° or more or 30 ° or more.
  • the circumferential angle range is preferably at most 120 ° or at most 90 °.
  • first carriers can vary from embodiment to embodiment, e.g. depending on their circumference.
  • the first carriers carry on their relatively wide radial outer sides either a single first cutting material body which is relatively wide in the circumferential direction, e.g. in the manner of a shell-shaped full covering with a continuous (uninterrupted) cutting surface or a cutting surface interrupted by grooves, or several narrow first cutting material bodies which are arranged at a mutual distance (in the circumferential direction) from one another.
  • Most of the first carriers have the same type of first cutting surface (full surface, possibly with grooves or group of strips with several narrow first cutting material bodies), but this is not mandatory.
  • the second cutting group which is also attached to the tool body, has several second carriers which can be advanced radially to the tool axis by means of an associated second infeed system.
  • Each of the second carriers carries only a single narrow second cutting material body on its radial outside.
  • cutting material body describes the abrasive elements of the honing tools.
  • a cutting material body which can also be referred to as a cutting surface, consists essentially of irregularly shaped cutting grains of different shapes and sizes, which are bound within a bond system.
  • a honing tool can be adapted particularly precisely to the desired machining task.
  • Cutting grains can be, for example, diamond grains or grains made of cubic boron nitride (CBN).
  • CBN cubic boron nitride
  • Cutting grains can also consist of corundum and / or other types of ceramic materials such as SiC.
  • the bond can consist, for example, of a ceramic material or of synthetic resin. Also Metallic bond systems, for example galvanically produced bonds or sintered bonds, are possible, possibly also soldered bonds.
  • narrow in connection with cutting material bodies means that the width of the (narrow) cutting material bodies in the circumferential direction is significantly smaller than a length measured in the axial direction.
  • An aspect ratio between (axial) length and (measured in the circumferential direction) width can for example be in the range of 5 or more, in particular in the range of 8 to 25.
  • Narrow cutting material bodies are often also referred to as cutting stones or honing stones.
  • the narrow first cutting material bodies can e.g. Have circumferential widths in the range from 1.5 mm to 5 mm, optionally also above or below.
  • a first cutting material body which is relatively broad in the circumferential direction e.g. can be designed in the manner of a bowl-shaped full covering, preferably has a significantly smaller aspect ratio, e.g. can be in the range of 3 or less, possibly also at 1 or below, so that the width in the circumferential direction can be greater than the axial length.
  • the optimal dimensions of the cutting material body are usually dependent on the effective diameter of the honing tool or the diameter of the bore to be machined.
  • the cutting material bodies of the first cutting group and the second cutting group are arranged in an axially relatively short cutting area.
  • the cutting area has a length, measured in the axial direction, which is significantly smaller than an effective outer diameter of the cutting groups when the cutting material bodies are completely withdrawn. “Much smaller” here means that the axial length or extent of the cutting area is at most 80% of the effective outer diameter of the cutting groups. In other words, “significantly smaller” means: at least 20% smaller.
  • the axial length can, for example, be less than half the size of the effective outer diameter.
  • the first cutting material bodies and the second cutting material bodies are therefore arranged in such a way that they all lie completely within a cutting area that is relatively short as seen in the axial direction.
  • honing tools of this type are particularly well suited for producing hole shapes with an axial contour, that is to say with a different diameter in the axial direction. As an alternative or in addition, they can also be used to track such an existing axial contour of the bore.
  • the axial length or extent of the cutting area can be, for example, less than 40% of the effective outer diameter of the cutting groups and / or less than 20% of the bore length of the bore.
  • each of the first carriers with the first cutting material bodies attached to it covers a certain, relatively broad circumferential area. It has been shown that when honing with the first cutting group, among other things particularly good roundness values of the bore produced can be achieved.
  • good service life results even with a strongly material-removing shape.
  • relatively efficient material removal is also possible with little wear.
  • the second cutting group with individual, relatively narrow cutting material bodies offers other advantages. It was found that individual second cutting material bodies, which can be individually advanced in different radial directions, tend to rest more fully (better, more uniform surface contact) on an existing surface than first cutting material bodies which are only jointly or in groups per second carrier in a common radial direction on the inner wall of the bore can be pressed. This enables particularly high surface qualities to be achieved.
  • the total cutting area of the second cutting group can be less than the total cutting area of the first cutting group. This can be particularly advantageous if only relatively little substantial material removal is to be achieved with the second cutting group, e.g. when plateau honing or when smoothing a surface previously machined with coarser cutting material.
  • the first and the second cutting group can be adapted to one another and to the honing process with regard to the type and dimensioning of the cutting material bodies in such a way that they wear more or less equally or equally quickly during the intended honing process. This is, among other things, favorable for an economical replacement.
  • the number of second cutting material bodies is greater than the number of first cutting material bodies, inter alia, in order to obtain comparable service lives and overlaps.
  • first cutting material bodies are preferably attached to the radial outer side of a first carrier, for example three, four, five, six, seven or more first cutting material bodies.
  • first carrier for example three, four, five, six, seven or more first cutting material bodies.
  • the mutual spacing between immediately adjacent first cutting material bodies is of the order of magnitude of the circumferential width of the cutting material bodies or less. If the mutual distance is smaller than the circumferential width of the first cutting material body, viewed in the circumferential direction, a relatively high surface area of the abrasive material of the first cutting material body can be ensured, so that high material removal is possible with at the same time low wear. Removed material chips can be easily removed by means of cooling lubricant through the channels located between the first cutting material bodies, so that the risk of clogging the abrasive outer surfaces of the cutting material bodies can be kept low.
  • the first cutting material bodies carried by a first carrier preferably cover with their outer cutting surfaces a total of a circumferential angular range which corresponds to at least 30% or at least 50% of the circumferential width of the carrier, so that, viewed in the circumferential direction, the first cutting group uses a relatively large total cutting surface and thus, if necessary, a relatively high removal rate can be achieved with a long service life.
  • the second cutting group has relatively few narrow second cutting material bodies which can be advanced in different radial directions, for example four, six, eight or ten second cutting material bodies.
  • the second cutting material bodies can be distributed symmetrically or asymmetrically over the circumference of the honing tool.
  • the first carrier and second carrier and the associated cutting material bodies are arranged alternately on the tool body in the circumferential direction.
  • the distribution in the circumferential direction can vary.
  • At least one second carrier is preferably arranged between first carriers that are adjacent in the circumferential direction. It may be that precisely one second carrier with an associated second cutting material body is arranged between a pair of directly adjacent first carriers. Elsewhere in the scope and / or in another embodiment it can be the case that two or more second carriers are arranged between immediately adjacent first carriers, so that there are second carriers which are immediately adjacent in the circumferential direction. In this way, the density of the second carriers and / or the second cutting material bodies carried by them, viewed in the circumferential direction, can be optimized for each application.
  • first and second carriers viewed in the circumferential direction are possible.
  • first carrier and the second carrier are arranged unevenly distributed in the circumferential direction, in particular such that circumferential angles between them vary.
  • the arrangement is preferably such that pairs of similar carriers and cutting material bodies are arranged at diametrically opposite positions on the circumference, so that due to this symmetry, there are no structural resulting transverse forces that lead to an undesired deflection of the honing tool during machining can.
  • the first cutting material body and the second cutting material body can have the same length in the axial direction. If, in addition, they are all arranged in the same axial section, the axial length of the cutting area results from the axial length of the first and second cutting material bodies.
  • the first and second cutting material bodies can also be axially slightly offset from one another, so that the axial length of the cutting area can be somewhat greater than the axial length of the longest of the cutting material bodies.
  • the first cutting material bodies are shorter in the axial direction than the second cutting material bodies.
  • the axial length of the first cutting material body can be, for example, less than 80% or less than 70% of the axial length of the second cutting material body, but generally not less than 50% of this length.
  • the first cutting group in the advanced state that is to say when machining the inner surface of the bore, acts in an effective first cutting area which is shorter than the cutting area of the honing tool.
  • Bore sections with a larger change in diameter in the axial direction (small radii) can be machined particularly well.
  • second cutting material bodies can be shorter in the axial direction than first cutting material bodies.
  • the second cutting material bodies are mounted in an elastically flexible manner with respect to the tool body. Due to the resilient mounting can the ability of the second cutting material body to follow the contour without contact pressure peaks can be improved, which can have a positive effect on the quality of the surfaces that can be achieved.
  • the elastic compliance can be achieved in different ways. For example, it is possible to work within the second infeed system up to the carrier without design-related flexibility and to provide elastic flexibility between the carrier and the supported cutting material body. This can be achieved, for example, in that an elastically flexible intermediate layer is arranged in an interspace between a cutting material body and the carrier carrying the cutting material body, which intermediate layer can be formed, for example, by a layer made of an elastomer.
  • the intermediate layer can completely fill the gap in order to avoid the penetration of cutting agent residues or abrasion.
  • the disclosure content of this document is made part of the content of the description by reference.
  • the elastic resilience is achieved in that the second carrier, close to or adjoining a second cutting material body, has an elastically resilient section with (carrier material-free) recesses and spring elements formed in one piece with the carrier.
  • the second carrier close to or adjoining a second cutting material body
  • such variants with monolithically integrated spring elements are distinguished, among other things, by the fact that the spring force can be specified with high precision during the manufacture of the carrier. This solution is also extremely robust and durable.
  • the honing tool has a guide group with a plurality of guide strips distributed around the circumference of the tool body. These can be firmly attached to the tool body. Individual, several or all guide strips can at least partially extend into axial areas outside the cutting area. In some embodiments, the guide strips are arranged exclusively within the cutting area. It can thereby be ensured that the guide strips do not come into unwanted contact with the inner surface of the bore even in bore sections with an axially strongly varying diameter. One, several or all guide strips can be arranged directly next to a second carrier, so that the adjacent second carriers are protected by the immediately adjacent guide bar.
  • the honing tool has an integrated multi-axis joint for coupling the tool body to a connection piece with limited mobility. It is preferably provided that an axial distance between the joint and the cutting area configured with cutting material bodies is smaller than the effective outer diameter of the cutting groups when the cutting material bodies are completely retracted. This results in an axially compact design.
  • possible tilting moments when the tool axis is inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the drive spindle can be kept low, which, according to the experience of the inventors, can have a positive effect on the surface quality of the honed bore inner surface.
  • the axial distance is measured in the context of this application between the plane of the hinge point and the axial end of the cutting area.
  • the invention also relates to a fine machining method for machining the inner surface of a bore in a workpiece, in particular for fine machining cylinder running surfaces in the manufacture of cylinder blocks or cylinder liners for reciprocating piston machines.
  • the fine machining process comprises at least one honing operation in which an expandable honing tool is moved back and forth within the bore to generate a stroke movement in the axial direction of the bore and is simultaneously rotated to generate a rotary movement superimposed on the stroke movement, with a honing tool according to the claimed invention in the honing operation is used.
  • a honing operation is carried out as a multi-stage honing operation, the first cutting group being pressed against the inner surface of the bore in a first honing step and by means of the first cutting group by means of axially uneven material removal
  • a preferably rotationally symmetrical bore shape that deviates from the circular cylinder shape is generated, and then the second cutting group is fed in a second honing stage and a desired surface structure is generated on the inner surface of the bore using the second cutting group, essentially without changing the macro shape of the bore.
  • the honing tool can therefore be used here without an intervening tool change on the one hand to change the shape of the bore by means of axially uneven material removal (first honing stage) and then, with the first cutting group withdrawn and the second cutting group advanced, to improve the surface structure of the inner surface of the bore, essentially without further material removal or .with at most very little material removal.
  • a path control is preferably used in the first honing stage in order to achieve the desired hole shape with high accuracy.
  • the second honing stage is preferably force-controlled honing.
  • some variants provide for honing over the entire length of the bore with a substantially constant contact force in order to achieve a surface structure that is largely uniform over the entire length.
  • the borehole is divided into at least two adjacent axial borehole sections (a first borehole section and at least one second borehole section) in terms of control technology and the control takes place in such a way that the honing parameters in the borehole sections differ, e.g. is honed in one of the bore sections with greater pressing force than in another bore section.
  • the surfaces in the bore sections can thereby be optimized with regard to different conditions during intended use (e.g. piston speed in reciprocating piston engines).
  • FIG. 1 shows an oblique perspective schematic view of an embodiment of a honing tool according to the claimed invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the honing tool from FIG. 1 in the axial direction onto the end remote from the spindle;
  • Fig. 3 shows a side view of the honing tool from Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a section in a radial plane containing the tool axis through individually adjustable second cutting material bodies according to line IV-IV in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 shows a section in a radial plane containing the tool axis through first carriers along line V-V in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 shows a section in a radial plane containing the tool axis through a first carrier of another embodiment
  • Area near the outer surface for fastening a cutting material body are designed to be elastically resilient by a pattern of recesses and integral spring elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oblique perspective view of a honing tool 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the honing tool is used to machine an inner surface of a bore in a workpiece by means of honing and, in the example, is designed to honing cylinder sliding surfaces in the manufacture of cylinder blocks or cylinder liners for reciprocating piston machines.
  • the honing tool is also particularly suitable for machining rotationally symmetrical bores that have bore sections of different diameters and / or different shapes, for example bottle-shaped bores, barrel-shaped bores and / or bores that have at least one conical bore section with an axially continuously variable diameter.
  • the honing tool can also be used to machine circular cylindrical bores, that is, rotationally symmetrical bores without an axial contour.
  • the honing tool has a material body 110 made of a steel material, which defines a tool axis 112 which is at the same time the axis of rotation of the honing tool during the honing process.
  • a coupling structure 120 for coupling the honing tool to a drive rod or a work spindle of a honing machine or other processing machine, which has a work spindle that is both rotatable about the spindle axis and can be moved back and forth in an oscillating manner parallel to the spindle axis .
  • the coupling structure 120 is designed as a functional part of a bayonet connection.
  • a coupling structure in the manner of a hollow shank cone or another cone can be provided, for example.
  • the cutting area 130 of the honing tool In the end section of the tool body facing away from the coupling structure 120 or the work spindle (not shown) is the cutting area 130 of the honing tool, in which all abrasive cutting material bodies (general reference numeral 140) are attached. Within the cutting area 130 there are many cutting material bodies distributed around the circumference of the tool body, which have an axial length LS in an axial direction parallel to the tool axis, which is several times smaller than a minimum effective outer diameter AD of the honing tool in the cutting area 130 equipped with cutting material bodies .
  • all cutting material bodies are designed as cutting material strips which are narrow in the circumferential direction and whose width BS measured in the circumferential direction is small compared to the axial length LS.
  • An aspect ratio between length LS and width BS can be in the range from 4: 1 to 25: 1, for example.
  • the honing tool has only a single cutting area 130. This is arranged more or less flush with the end of the tool body remote from the spindle in the end section of the tool body facing away from the spindle, so that, if necessary, blind holes can also be machined to the bottom of the hole.
  • the honing tool 100 in FIG. 1 is a honing tool with double expansion, which is characterized in that a first cutting group 160-1 and a second cutting group 160-2, which can be advanced independently thereof, are arranged on the tool body.
  • the first cutting group 160-1 has several (in the example exactly four) first carriers 150-1, which can be advanced in the associated radial directions radially to the tool axis 112 by means of an assigned first infeed system 170-1.
  • the second Cutting group 160-2 has several (in the example a total of eight) second carriers 150-2, which can be advanced in associated radial directions radially to tool axis 112 independently of first carriers 150-1, for which purpose a second infeed system 170-2 is provided.
  • the carriers 150-1, 150-2 which carry the respective cutting material bodies 140-1 and 140-2, are in each case one-piece components made of steel material that are essentially rigid in themselves.
  • Each of the first carriers 150-1 has a carrier section 152-1, which is relatively wide in the circumferential direction, with a generally cylindrically curved outer side 154-1 and an essentially flat inner side facing the tool body, on which a plate-shaped feed section 156-1 protrudes inward.
  • On the inside of the feed section facing away from the outside 154-1 there are inclined surfaces which interact with a corresponding inclined surface of an axially displaceable first feed cone in the manner of a wedge drive, so that an axial movement of the feed cone inside the tool body leads to a radial movement of the carrier.
  • the infeed section 156-1 of the carrier 150-1 is seated radially movably in an essentially rectangular recess of the tool body, so that a radial movement (radial to the tool axis 112) is possible, but tilting movements in the transverse direction are largely avoided.
  • the carriers are pre-tensioned into the retracted position with the help of several circumferential helical springs, so that the radial infeed outwards takes place against the force of these return springs.
  • the outer carrier sections 152-1 are so wide in the circumferential direction that the first carriers each cover a circumferential section of more than 20 ° circumferential width, in the example it is more than 30 °, namely approx. 35 ° circumferential width.
  • the circumferential width is no greater than 45 °, or no greater than 60 °, or no greater than 90 °.
  • the second carriers 150-2 are significantly narrower in the area of their radial outer sides 154-2 than the wide carrier sections 152-1. In the example, they each cover a circumferential angle range of less than 10 °, with the circumferential angle range being around 5 ° to 7 ° in the example. In absolute terms, the widths can be in the range from 1.5 mm to 4.0 mm, for example.
  • the second carriers are plate-shaped Infeed section which protrudes inward and has inclined surfaces on its tapered inside for interaction with an axially displaceable infeed cone of a second infeed system 170-2.
  • the infeed sections are seated in a radially movable manner, but essentially immovable in the transverse direction in a rectangular recess of the tool body, so that a radial displacement is possible and displacements transversely thereto are prevented.
  • the first carriers 150-1 each carry six relatively narrow first cutting material bodies 140-1 in the form of cutting strips on their radial outer sides, which are spaced apart circumferentially on the outer side of the carrier section, e.g. by gluing, soldering, screws or the like. are attached. Between the cutting material bodies there are groove-like, axially parallel spaces, the circumferential width of which is smaller than the circumferential width of the respectively adjacent cutting material bodies.
  • the cutting material bodies cover a total angular range of about half or a little more of the circumferential width of the carrier section, so that there is a relatively high surface density of abrasive cutting surfaces in the circumferential direction, but interrupted by longitudinal spaces that facilitate the supply and removal of Favor cooling lubricant and possibly abrasion.
  • each of the second carriers 150-2 carries only a single, relatively narrow cutting material body 140-2 on its outside, the axial length of which determines the axial length of the cutting area.
  • the circumferential width is only about 20% of the length, but in the example it is larger than the circumferential width of the many narrower first cutting material bodies of the first cutting group.
  • the first cutting material bodies 140 - 1 are only about half as long as the second cutting material bodies (approximately between 40% and 70% of this length) and end on the side facing away from the spindle at the same height as the second cutting material bodies 140 -2.
  • the first cutting material bodies thereby define an effective first cutting area which is only about half as long as the cutting area 130, the length of which is defined by the length of the second cutting material body.
  • the shorter, first cutting material bodies can also be arranged approximately in the middle of the cutting area or at the upper end of the cutting area facing the coupling section.
  • the first cutting material bodies are very wear-resistant and preferably have diamond cutting grains in a metallic bond.
  • the second cutting material bodies can be constructed differently, for example with a ceramic bond or a plastic bond.
  • the honing tool also has a guide group with a plurality of non-cutting guide strips 180 distributed around the circumference of the tool body, each of which is fixedly attached to the tool body at predetermined positions, that is, cannot be advanced.
  • the guide strips which are aligned parallel to the tool axis, have an axial length that corresponds approximately to the length of the cutting area and are arranged exclusively within the cutting area 130.
  • the e.g. Guide strips made of hard metal are axially no longer than the cutting material body, so that the guide in the axial direction is limited to that area in which material can also be removed. There are no guide strips arranged outside of the cutting area 130.
  • the guide group has six guide strips that are evenly distributed over the circumference of the tool body 110 at 60 ° intervals.
  • each of the guide strips 180 is arranged directly next to an individual second cutting material body 140-2, that is to say an individually adjustable cutting material body of the second cutting group.
  • the distance in the circumferential direction is smaller than the guide width of the respective guide strips measured in the circumferential direction.
  • Two diametrically opposite guide strips 180-M are designed as measuring strips. In their middle, that is to say halfway up the cutting area, they have measuring nozzles 185 of a pneumatic diameter measuring system. Depending on the application, these can also be above or below the middle.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 shows a section through a radial plane that goes through the carrier and cutting bars of the second cutting group (with individual bars), while FIG. 5 shows a section through the first carrier 150-1 and first cutting bars 140-1 of the first cutting group.
  • the first feed system 170-1 has a first feed element 172-1 in the form of a tube, which is mounted axially displaceably in the tool body and which has two conical sections arranged axially offset from one another at the end facing away from the spindle.
  • the first carriers 150-1 of the first cutting group which are in operative connection therewith, have two inclined surfaces axially offset from one another, which interact with the conical sections in the manner of a wedge drive.
  • the infeed for the second cutting group is solved analogously.
  • the second infeed system has a second infeed element 172-2 in the form of a rod which is guided in the interior of the tube (first infeed element) so that it can be moved axially relative to it.
  • At the end of the rod there are two conical sections at an axial distance from one another.
  • the second supports 150-2 have two axially offset inclined surfaces on their radial inner side, which cooperate with the corresponding conical surfaces.
  • the first carriers have only a single inclined surface on their radial inner sides, which cooperates with a cone attached to the infeed element.
  • the second carrier has only a single inclined surface on their radial inner sides, which cooperates with a cone attached to the infeed element.
  • the sectional views of FIGS. 4 to 6 also reveal another special feature.
  • the honing tool 100 has an integrated joint 190, with the aid of which the tool body 110 is coupled to the connection piece, which is used for connection to the work spindle of the processing machine, so that it can move to a limited extent.
  • the joint 190 is designed as a ball joint, in which the joint ball 192 is formed at the lower end of the connection piece, while the corresponding bearing elements with concave spherical bearing surfaces are attached within the tool body 110. This allows a limited mobility of the tool body relative to the connector in an infinite number of directions running transversely to the tool axis, so that the honing tool can follow the surfaces particularly well, especially when reworking inner bore surfaces to improve the surface quality.
  • the axial distance AB between the pivot point (in the center of the joint ball) or the plane defined by it orthogonal to the tool axis and the end of the cutting area 130 remote from the spindle, equipped with cutting material bodies, is smaller than the effective outer diameter AD of the cutting groups when the cutting material bodies are completely retracted.
  • the second carriers 150-2 which carry the individual cutting material bodies of the second cutting group, can be made completely as inherently rigid components made of solid material, for example steel, are manufactured.
  • it can be advantageous to incorporate a certain flexibility in the force flow when pressing the second cutting material body so that pressing force peaks can be avoided.
  • the plate-shaped, narrow strip-shaped second carrier in the vicinity or on the radial outer side, which is provided for carrying a narrow cutting material body has an elastically flexible one Have section 150-2E.
  • the elastic resilience is achieved in these embodiments in that recesses A of suitable shape, size and distribution are worked out in the initially monolithic carrier by means of spark erosion or in some other way in such a way that the material adjoining the recess is under external load like a spring acts elastically, so that the outer section 150-2E is elastically resilient overall in the radial direction of the carrier.
  • This solution with integrally formed spring elements FE has proven to be particularly robust and durable. The spring force can be adjusted by suitable dimensioning of the recesses or remaining spring elements.
  • the recesses A which are free of carrier material are not empty, but rather completely filled with an elastically flexible elastomer material EL. This can prevent material abrasion from penetrating into the recesses.
  • the spring characteristics can be set precisely by a suitable choice of the elastic filler material (EL elastomer material) and any vibrations can be damped. As shown, all or only some of the recesses can be filled.
  • the honing tool can be used for a variety of fine machining operations to machine the inner surface of a bore with a workpiece.
  • the honing tool is used for the fine machining of cylinder running surfaces in the manufacture of cylinder blocks or cylinder liners for reciprocating piston machines, in which, starting from a bore with, for example, a circular cylindrical initial shape, a preferably rotationally symmetrical bore with an axial contour is to be made, i.e. a bore , which has different diameters in different axial sections, which merge more or less continuously into one another.
  • a bore which has different diameters in different axial sections, which merge more or less continuously into one another.
  • it can be conical Hole shape or a bottle-shaped hole shape or barrel-shaped hole shape.
  • the honing tool is coupled to the work spindle of a processing machine.
  • the initial shape is circular-cylindrical and can be produced by means of honing or also by means of fine machining with a defined cutting edge, for example precision turning.
  • the first cutting group is used in a first honing stage. After the honing tool has been inserted into the bore, this is pressed against the inner surface of the bore with the aid of the first feed system.
  • the first cutting group starting from the initial shape, a rotationally symmetrical bore shape deviating from the circular cylinder shape is generated by axially uneven material removal.
  • the pressing force as a function of the stroke position of the honing tool in the bore can be varied by means of the control so that more material is removed in areas with a higher pressing force, so that larger inner diameters are created than in other areas.
  • an axially uneven material removal can be generated by varying the stroke length of the machining strokes, for example by reducing the axial height of the upper reversal point of the stroke movement while the lower reversal point remains the same.
  • the first cutting group is withdrawn and the second cutting group is fed.
  • the individual strips of the second cutting group that are fed in in different radial directions are used to remove only a small amount of material or almost no material, so that the macro-shape of the hole does not change, or does not change significantly, but only creates the desired surface structure.
  • the fine machining process is used to generate a rotationally symmetrical bore shape with an axial contour, i.e. axially different diameters, and to generate the suitable surface structure or surface structure distribution on it without an interim tool change.
  • the honing tool for generating and / or machining bore shapes which have a cross-sectional shape deviating from the circular shape in at least one bore section.
  • a bore can, for example, have an oval bore shape or a clover leaf shape in at least one section.
  • Honing tool embodiments suitable for this purpose preferably have only a single pair of diametrically in the first cutting group, that is to say in the one with the first carriers which are relatively wide in the circumferential direction opposite first carriers with corresponding first cutting material bodies (for example full covering or several individual strips at a distance from one another).
  • the circumferential width is preferably less than 90 or less than 60 °.
  • the pressing force can be varied depending on the rotational position of the honing tool in order to create areas with a larger diameter by increasing the contact pressure in phases and areas with a smaller diameter by reducing the contact pressure. If necessary, methods according to EP 1 815 943 A1 using vibratory movements can also be used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Outil de rodage (100) pour le traitement d'une surface intérieure d'un alésage dans une pièce à usiner à l'aide d'au moins une opération de rodage comprenant un corps d'outil (110), qui définit un axe d'outil (112), un premier groupe de coupe (160-1) monté sur le corps d'outil comprenant plusieurs premiers supports (150-1) pouvant être déplacés radialement, qui peuvent être déplacés radialement par rapport à l'axe d'outil (112) au moyen d'un premier système de déplacement de groupe de coupe (170-1) associé, chaque premier support couvrant sur sa face extérieure radiale une zone d'angle circonférentiel d'au moins 20° et portant sur sa face extérieure (154) un seul premier corps de matériau de coupe large dans la direction circonférentielle ou plusieurs premiers corps de matériau de coupe étroits (140-1), qui sont disposés à distance mutuelle ; et un deuxième groupe de coupe (160-2) disposé sur le corps d'outil comprenant plusieurs deuxièmes supports (150-2) pouvant être déplacés radialement, qui peuvent être déplacés radialement par rapport à l'axe d'outil (112), indépendamment des premiers supports (150-1), au moyen d'un deuxième système de déplacement de groupe de coupe (170-2) associé, chaque deuxième support (150-2) portant sur sa face extérieure (154) radiale un seul deuxième corps de matériau de coupe étroit (140-1, 140-2). Tous les corps de matériau de coupe (140-1, 140-2) du premier ou du deuxième groupe de coupe sont disposés dans une zone de coupe axiale courte, qui présente une longueur mesurée dans la direction axiale, qui est essentiellement plus courte qu'un diamètre extérieur effectif des groupes de coupe avec les corps de matériau de coupe complètement retirés.
EP20703181.6A 2019-02-05 2020-01-29 Outil de rodage et procédé d'usinage de précision reposant sur l'utilisation de l'outil de rodage Active EP3921118B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019201465.8A DE102019201465A1 (de) 2019-02-05 2019-02-05 Honwerkzeug und Feinbearbeitungsverfahren unter Verwendung des Honwerkzeugs
PCT/EP2020/052189 WO2020160983A1 (fr) 2019-02-05 2020-01-29 Outil de rodage et procédé d'usinage de précision reposant sur l'utilisation de l'outil de rodage

Publications (3)

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EP3921118A1 true EP3921118A1 (fr) 2021-12-15
EP3921118C0 EP3921118C0 (fr) 2023-11-22
EP3921118B1 EP3921118B1 (fr) 2023-11-22

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US (1) US20220055177A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3921118B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113474120B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019201465A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020160983A1 (fr)

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DE102021213090A1 (de) 2021-11-22 2023-05-25 Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Honwerkzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Honwerkzeugs
CN115338773B (zh) * 2022-07-29 2023-09-29 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种缸孔珩磨找正装置及找正方法
CN116810045B (zh) * 2023-04-10 2024-03-15 北京科技大学 一种适于搅拌摩擦增材装置的棒料切削出料机构
CN116237826B (zh) * 2023-05-11 2023-07-14 四川省卓辰精密机械制造有限公司 一种阀块油孔打磨工具及打磨装置

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Publication number Publication date
EP3921118C0 (fr) 2023-11-22
WO2020160983A1 (fr) 2020-08-13
DE102019201465A1 (de) 2020-08-06
US20220055177A1 (en) 2022-02-24
CN113474120A (zh) 2021-10-01
EP3921118B1 (fr) 2023-11-22
CN113474120B (zh) 2023-09-22

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