EP3912214A1 - Brennstoffzellensystem - Google Patents
BrennstoffzellensystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP3912214A1 EP3912214A1 EP19812946.2A EP19812946A EP3912214A1 EP 3912214 A1 EP3912214 A1 EP 3912214A1 EP 19812946 A EP19812946 A EP 19812946A EP 3912214 A1 EP3912214 A1 EP 3912214A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- fuel cell
- cell system
- gas
- gas bearing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
- the invention relates to a recirculation fan for such
- PEM-BZ polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
- This type of fuel cell is operated in excess of stoichiometry with an excess of hydrogen.
- the unused hydrogen is recirculated and returned to the reaction together with fresh hydrogen.
- a hydrogen tank typically 350 or 700 bar nominal pressure
- the hydrogen pressure is reduced in several stages to the operating pressure of ⁇ 10 bar.
- a recirculation blower is often used to overcome the pressure drop from the anode outlet to the anode inlet.
- a fuel cell system with a recirculation fan arranged in a fuel circuit is known from DE 10 2007 037 096 A1.
- the recirculation fan is operated via a drive turbine which is pressurized with compressed air.
- Turbomachines cannot fully exploit their advantages under the boundary conditions of the hydrogen system.
- the small pressure difference between In principle, anode outlet and anode inlet could be overcome with a compact radial compressor.
- the demanding requirements for storage stand in the way of this.
- the machines are limited due to the limited speed in terms of pressure ratio and power density.
- the operation of the recirculation fan under the humid conditions leads to a high material load.
- Recirculation blower is extended.
- the object of the invention is to provide a recirculation blower which is in such a
- the object is achieved by a fuel cell system with the features of claim 1 and a recirculation blower for such a fuel cell system with the features of claim 8.
- the invention provides a method for operating such a recirculation fan with the
- the invention provides a fuel cell system, with at least one
- Fuel cell a hydrogen storage device in which hydrogen is stored under excess pressure.
- the hydrogen storage is by means of a
- Hydrogen supply line connected to an anode compartment of the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system additionally comprises an anode circuit, by means of which unused hydrogen at an outlet of the anode compartment can be returned to an inlet of the anode compartment, between which
- At least one electrically driven recirculation blower is arranged at the outlet and the entrance of the anode compartment, via which the unused hydrogen can be fed to the entrance of the anode compartment. At least part of the hydrogen supplied to the anode compartment from the hydrogen store can be introduced into at least one gas bearing of the electrically driven recirculation blower, so that the gas bearing can be statically stored.
- the hydrogen storage is preferably a hydrogen tank.
- the electrically driven recirculation blower is preferably a radial compressor.
- a gas bearing is understood to mean a bearing in which a gas pressure is built up in a bearing gap between a shaft and a bearing shell, via which the shaft is supported. With a dynamic gas bearing, this gas pressure is built up from a certain speed of the shaft. In the case of a static gas bearing, the gas pressure is built up by an externally supplied gas, so that the shaft is already supported from the start.
- the invention has the advantage that wear and tear in the gas bearing can be avoided precisely when the electric recirculation blower starts up or runs down. This will increase the durability of the
- Recirculation blower extended.
- the hydrogen which usually has a medium or low pressure level
- no additional pump has to be provided in order to make a gas with pressure available to the gas store.
- Such a fuel cell system can be provided economically.
- Such a gas storage facility also often has a leak.
- By feeding the hydrogen into the gas store no expensive seals of the store are necessary in order to prevent the hydrogen from escaping from the gas store to the unused hydrogen. This allows such a
- Fuel cell system in turn can be provided economically.
- the fuel cell system has a line section which is connected to the hydrogen supply line and the recirculation blower, so that at least part of the
- Hydrogen can be supplied to the gas store.
- the line section provides a simple connection between the recirculation fan and the
- the line section between a low-pressure shut-off valve and a hydrogen metering valve is connected to the hydrogen supply line.
- the hydrogen metering valve doses the hydrogen for the fuel cell.
- Hydrogen metering valve is opened. Static mounting is thus ensured before the recirculation fan starts up, so that wear can be reduced.
- the line section preferably has an additional hydrogen metering valve for metering the hydrogen supplied to the gas bearing of the recirculation blower.
- the additional hydrogen metering valve like the hydrogen metering valve, can meter a quantity of hydrogen so that the quantity of hydrogen supplied to the gas bearing can be regulated.
- the additional hydrogen metering valve in the line section has the additional advantage that it switches from a static to a dynamic one
- the auxiliary hydrogen metering valve is closed during dynamic gas storage operation. This allows the
- Anode compartment are supplied.
- the line section is connected to the hydrogen supply line via an additional output of a hydrogen metering valve.
- a hydrogen metering valve With this hydrogen metering valve, two outputs are switched with a sealing kit of the hydrogen metering valve. This is no
- Fuel cell system can be provided economically.
- the line section between a pressure reducer and a low-pressure shut-off valve is advantageously connected to the hydrogen supply line. This can also build up a pressure in the gas storage for static storage before the low pressure shut-off valve or Hydrogen metering valve is opened. As a result, a sufficient pressure can be built up in the gas bearing before the recirculation fan starts up. As a result, wear in the gas bearing is reduced, in particular during start-up or run-down.
- a shut-off valve is preferably arranged in the line section, so that the hydrogen supply is stopped at a sufficient speed in the gas store at which dynamic storage is ensured.
- the hydrogen supply line is connected to the anode compartment via the recirculation fan.
- all of the hydrogen supplied to the anode compartment is first introduced into the gas store.
- the hydrogen is first in contact with the gas bearing, so that there is a static bearing when the recirculation fan starts up.
- This static storage is implemented during the entire operation of the fuel cell. This minimizes wear on the gas bearing, so that the durability of the recirculation blower is extended.
- only a single hydrogen metering valve is required. This enables the fuel cell system to be implemented economically.
- the invention is additionally achieved by a recirculation blower for use in the fuel cell system according to the invention.
- Recirculation blowers include at least one compressor group, via which hydrogen can be compressed, an electric motor, via which the compressor group can be driven electrically, a gas bearing, via which the compressor group can be stored, and a supply means, via which a gas for static storage can be supplied to the gas bearing. wherein the gas is part of the from a hydrogen storage of a fuel cell
- Fuel cell system is supplied hydrogen, and wherein the gas storage has a storage leak, via which the supplied hydrogen into the
- Compressor group can be derived.
- a storage leak is a gas flow that leaves this gas storage due to a leaky gas storage. Therefore, this bearing leakage must be compensated for by the additional Gas storage supplied gas are balanced.
- the recirculation blower is structurally adapted in such a way that the bearing leakage can be discharged into the compressor group. This means that there is no seal between the gas bearing and the compressor group.
- the invention provides a method for operating the
- Recirculation blower with hydrogen being supplied to the gas bearing in a speed range below a limit speed, so that static storage of the gas bearing is made possible, and the supplied hydrogen being at least partially reduced in a speed range above the limit speed.
- the limit speed is understood to be a predetermined or calculated speed of the recirculation fan. This speed can be a speed at which a dynamic operation of the
- the limit speed can also be a speed at which the transition between static and dynamic bearings begins.
- the method has the advantage that hydrogen does not have to be added to the gas store unnecessarily. This enables the fuel cell system to be operated economically. In addition, the wear of the recirculation blower can be reduced.
- a supply of the hydrogen into the gas store above the limit speed is preferably stopped.
- the limit speed is preferably the speed at which ensures dynamic operation of the gas warehouse. This has the advantage that no metering valve is necessary.
- the supply of hydrogen to the gas bearing is linearly reduced with an increase in speed after the limit speed has been reached.
- the limit speed is preferably a speed at which a transition range between the static and dynamic operation of the gas bearing begins.
- Figure 6 First embodiment of a method for operating a
- Figure 7 Second embodiment of a method for operating a
- Figure 1 is a first embodiment of an inventive
- the fuel cell system 10 comprises a fuel cell 14, in which only an anode space 18 is shown here.
- This anode space 18 is fluidly connected via a hydrogen supply line 22 to a hydrogen storage 26, which is designed here as a hydrogen tank.
- a tank shut-off valve 30 is arranged in the hydrogen supply line 22 downstream of the hydrogen store 26 in order to shut off a hydrogen supply from the hydrogen store 26.
- a pressure reducer 34 is arranged in the hydrogen supply line 22 downstream of the tank shut-off valve 30 in order to compensate for the high pressure of the
- Hydrogen supply line 22 arranged to interrupt a hydrogen supply in the low pressure region.
- a hydrogen metering valve 46 is arranged between the low-pressure shut-off valve 38 and an inlet 42 of the anode chamber 18, via which the amount of hydrogen that is fed into the anode chamber 18 can be metered. The amount of hydrogen is metered in such a way that the fuel cell 14 is operated in a stoichiometric manner.
- a condensate separator 54 is arranged after an outlet 50 of the anode compartment 18.
- the condensate which has accumulated in the unused hydrogen leaving the anode space 18, can be dispensed via the condensate separator 54.
- the unused hydrogen can then be returned in an anode circuit 58 to the inlet 42 of the anode compartment 18.
- an electrically driven recirculation blower 62 is necessary.
- This recirculation fan 62 is arranged in the anode circuit 58 between the outlet 50 and the inlet 42 of the anode compartment 18. This allows the output 50 of the
- Anode space 18 leaving unused hydrogen are fed to the anode space 18.
- a purge valve 64 is arranged downstream of the anode circuit and can be used to remove the impurities that accumulate in the anode circuit 58.
- the fuel cell system 10 additionally has a line section 66, via which hydrogen can be fed to a gas bearing 70 (see FIG. 5) of the recirculation blower 62.
- the gas bearing 70 can in particular be in a start-up or run-down phase
- Hydrogen are supplied so that a static gas bearing 70 is formed.
- the line section 66 is connected between the low-pressure shut-off valve 38 and the hydrogen metering valve 46 to the hydrogen supply line 22. A portion of the hydrogen can thereby be supplied to the gas store 70, so that additionally an accumulation of water in the recirculation blower 62 by the dry hydrogen from the
- Recirculation blower 62 can be removed.
- an additional hydrogen metering valve 74 is arranged in the line section 66.
- Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention
- Fuel cell system 10 This second exemplary embodiment essentially differs from the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the line section 66 has an additional output 78 of the
- Hydrogen metering valve 46 goes off. As a result, an additional metering valve 74 in the line section 66, as shown in FIG. 1, is not necessary.
- the recirculation blower 62 The recirculation blower 62.
- Hydrogen supply line 22 is thus connected directly to the recirculation blower 62.
- a line section 66 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is not required.
- An additional hydrogen metering valve 74 as shown in FIG. 1, is also not necessary.
- the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 allows a large amount of water to be discharged within the recirculation blower 62.
- Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention
- Fuel cell system 10 differs of the first embodiment of Figure 1 in that the
- Low pressure shut-off valve 38 is connected to the hydrogen supply line 22.
- an additional shut-off valve 82 is arranged in the line section 66 instead of an additional hydrogen metering valve 74, with which a hydrogen supply to the recirculation blower 62 can be shut off.
- Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the electrically driven
- Recirculation blower 62 comprises a compressor group 86, which in this exemplary embodiment is designed as a compressor wheel.
- Compressor group 86 is the unused hydrogen, which here as
- Hydrogen recirculation stream 88 is shown, conveyable from the output 50 to the input 42 of the anode compartment 18.
- the compressor group 86 is connected to a shaft 90 which, via two gas bearings 70 in the
- Recirculation fan 62 is mounted.
- the recirculation blower 62 additionally has supply means 94, which in this exemplary embodiment is designed in the form of a plurality of radially running channels, via which fresh hydrogen, which is shown here as a hydrogen supply stream 96, can be introduced into the gas bearing 70.
- supply means 94 which in this exemplary embodiment is designed in the form of a plurality of radially running channels, via which fresh hydrogen, which is shown here as a hydrogen supply stream 96, can be introduced into the gas bearing 70.
- a radial gas cushion 98 is formed in the gas bearing 70, via which the shaft 90 can be statically supported.
- an axial gas cushion 102 forms to the gas bearing 70.
- the gas bearing 70 has a bearing leakage 106, via which the hydrogen fed into the gas bearing 70 can be discharged into the compressor group 86.
- the hydrogen fed to the gas store 70 and the unused hydrogen are conveyed to the inlet 42 of the anode compartment 18.
- the gas bearing 70 is constantly flushed with the hydrogen supplied, so that moisture can be removed from the gas bearing 70.
- the recirculation blower 62 additionally has an electric motor 110, via which the compressor group 86 can be driven.
- the electric motor 110 has a rotor 114 which is between the two Gas bearings 70 is connected to the shaft 90.
- the rotor 114 is radially surrounded by a stator 118 of the electric motor 110, via which the rotor 114 can be driven.
- On the stator 118 radially outer cooling fins 122 are arranged, via which the stator 118 can be cooled.
- the recirculation blower 62 additionally has a housing 126 in which the compressor group 86, the gas bearings 70 and the electric motor 110 are accommodated. This housing 126 is encapsulated so that the hydrogen supplied to the gas bearing 70 is not released into the environment, but rather can be directed to the inlet 42 of the anode compartment 18.
- FIG. 6 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a method for operating the recirculation blower 62.
- a graph is shown in this figure, the speed N of the recirculation blower 62 being plotted on an X axis and a quantity of the hydrogen fed to the gas bearing 70 being plotted on the Y axis is.
- the hydrogen fed into the gas bearing 70 can be controlled, for example, via the additional shut-off valve 82.
- a limit speed N G the supply of the supplied hydrogen into the gas store 70 is stopped.
- the limit speed N G can be a speed N of the recirculation blower 62 at which dynamic storage of the gas bearing 70 is possible.
- the supplied hydrogen can be supplied again when the speed N falls below the limit speed N G.
- adequate storage in the gas bearings 70 can be ensured even when the recirculation blower 62 runs out.
- FIG. 7 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a method for operating the recirculation fan 62. This embodiment
- the supply is reduced linearly with increasing speed N.
- This reduction in the supplied hydrogen can be controlled, for example, via the additional hydrogen metering valve 74.
- the slope of the linear reduction is additionally increased from a second limit speed N2 G , so that the supply of the supplied hydrogen is stopped at a predetermined speed Nx.
- the speed range between the limit speed NG and the predetermined speed Nx can be a speed range in which there is a transition between a static and a dynamic mounting of the gas bearing 70.
- the predetermined speed Nx approaches, the dynamic portion of the bearing predominates, so that the hydrogen supply for the static bearing of the gas bearing 70 can be reduced accordingly.
- Hydrogen are supplied again when the speed N falls below the predetermined limit speed Nx. As a result, adequate storage in the gas bearings 70 can be ensured even when the recirculation blower 62 runs out.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019200459.8A DE102019200459A1 (de) | 2019-01-16 | 2019-01-16 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
PCT/EP2019/082560 WO2020148010A1 (de) | 2019-01-16 | 2019-11-26 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3912214A1 true EP3912214A1 (de) | 2021-11-24 |
Family
ID=68733033
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19812946.2A Pending EP3912214A1 (de) | 2019-01-16 | 2019-11-26 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3912214A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN113330616B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019200459A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020148010A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021116567A1 (de) | 2021-06-28 | 2022-12-29 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Kraftstoffsystem für einen Drucktank und für ein gasbetriebenes Fahrzeug |
DE102022121886A1 (de) | 2022-08-30 | 2024-02-29 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Kraftstoffsystem für einen Drucktank zum Einbau in ein gasbetriebenes Fahrzeug |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59105991A (ja) * | 1982-12-11 | 1984-06-19 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | 回転圧縮機 |
JPH06101499A (ja) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-04-12 | Hitachi Ltd | ガス軸受タービンの起動方法 |
DE102006003799B4 (de) * | 2006-01-25 | 2010-05-06 | Daimler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem mit Brennstoffzelle, Wasserstoffspeicher und Anodenkreislauf und dessen Verwendung |
DE102007037096A1 (de) | 2007-08-07 | 2009-02-12 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems mit einem in einen Brennstoffkreislauf des Brennstoffzellensystems angeordneten Rezirkulationsgebläse |
DE102010035860A1 (de) * | 2010-08-30 | 2012-03-01 | Daimler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102013014427A1 (de) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | Liebherr-Elektronik Gmbh | Antriebsschaltung für Luftlagermotor |
DE102015005837A1 (de) * | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-10 | Daimler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem |
-
2019
- 2019-01-16 DE DE102019200459.8A patent/DE102019200459A1/de active Pending
- 2019-11-26 CN CN201980089349.8A patent/CN113330616B/zh active Active
- 2019-11-26 WO PCT/EP2019/082560 patent/WO2020148010A1/de unknown
- 2019-11-26 EP EP19812946.2A patent/EP3912214A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102019200459A1 (de) | 2020-07-16 |
CN113330616A (zh) | 2021-08-31 |
WO2020148010A1 (de) | 2020-07-23 |
CN113330616B (zh) | 2024-03-22 |
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