EP3911845B1 - Harmonic drive - Google Patents

Harmonic drive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3911845B1
EP3911845B1 EP19836787.2A EP19836787A EP3911845B1 EP 3911845 B1 EP3911845 B1 EP 3911845B1 EP 19836787 A EP19836787 A EP 19836787A EP 3911845 B1 EP3911845 B1 EP 3911845B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antitwist
ring
drive
harmonic drive
fitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP19836787.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3911845C0 (en
EP3911845A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Heise
Marco HILDEBRAND
Bastian Hain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Publication of EP3911845A1 publication Critical patent/EP3911845A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3911845C0 publication Critical patent/EP3911845C0/en
Publication of EP3911845B1 publication Critical patent/EP3911845B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/352—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using bevel or epicyclic gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/46—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/352—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using bevel or epicyclic gear
    • F01L2001/3521—Harmonic drive of flexspline type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
    • F01L2303/01—Tools for producing, mounting or adjusting, e.g. some part of the distribution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
    • F01L2303/02—Initial camshaft settings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wave gear suitable for use as an actuator of an electromechanical camshaft adjuster.
  • the invention further relates to a method for securing a wave gear against adjustment, in particular during transport or during assembly.
  • a camshaft adjuster which can be secured against unintentional adjustment using an anti-twist device.
  • the anti-rotation device of the known camshaft adjuster includes a spring that preloads the actuating gear.
  • the actuating gear of the camshaft adjuster is designed as a wave gear with a flex ring as an elastic gear element.
  • phase adjuster for internal combustion engines that is to say a camshaft adjuster, with a locking element is known.
  • the locking element When operating this camshaft adjuster, the locking element remains in a park position.
  • the locking element can be moved from its locking position to the parking position using compressed oil or air.
  • More camshaft adjusters are in DE 10 2016 204 426 A1 and US 2017/0 145 873 A1 shown.
  • the actuator after DE 10 2016 207 927 A1 includes a thrust washer that acts as an integrated transport lock and prevents the wave generator from falling out. However, as part of the actuator, it cannot be used to fix the relative pre-positioning of the components of the wave gear.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a wave gear that has been further developed compared to the prior art mentioned and can be secured against unintentional adjustment, whereby the anti-rotation device is particularly easy to handle and interventions in the structure of components of the wave gear should be avoided as far as possible.
  • the wave gear comprises three connecting elements, namely a drive element in the form of a housing which can be rotated as a whole, an output element to be connected to the shaft to be adjusted, in particular a camshaft, and an adjusting element, as well as an operating element between two of the three connecting elements Anti-twist device.
  • the anti-rotation device comprises a securing element that is concentric to all of the connecting elements and interacts positively with one of the three connecting elements and non-positively with another connecting element. It has been shown that both an effective anti-twist protection can be achieved and that conventional wave gears can be secured against adjustment, especially during transport or during assembly, without geometric modification of any components.
  • the securing element is a securing ring, in particular made of plastic, which can be placed in such a way that it interacts non-positively with the drive element and positively with the adjusting element.
  • a form-fitting anti-rotation contour is preferably formed on the side of the adjusting element by two bolts, which are fixed to an inner ring a wave generator of the wave gear are connected.
  • the two bolts can be part of an Oldham coupling, which, as a compensating coupling, compensates for an axial offset between the wave gear and an electric motor driving the adjusting element, that is, the inner ring of the wave generator including the bolt.
  • the locking ring can be produced efficiently by injection molding.
  • the locking ring is profiled in a U-shape.
  • the locking ring forms a positive anti-rotation contour, which interacts directly with the bolts of the adjusting element, by a corrugated, inner section of the U-profile of the locking ring.
  • the locking ring in this embodiment has a smooth, outer section of the U-profile, which is provided for non-positive anti-rotation protection relative to the drive element, that is, the housing of the wave gear.
  • a radially outwardly directed flange is preferably formed on the U-profile described by the locking ring, which rests against an end face of the drive element when the locking ring is inserted.
  • a tab suitable for manually removing the locking ring from the connecting elements can be formed on this flange.
  • the retaining ring has the advantage that it can be placed between the elements mentioned in any position of the adjusting element relative to the drive element.
  • the locking ring itself can also be in any angular position.
  • a defined angular relationship between the drive element and the output element of the wave gear can first be set and held with the help of the locking ring.
  • the angular position of the adjusting element is irrelevant at this moment.
  • the compensating clutch and the electric motor must then be attached to the adjusting element. This is only possible after the locking ring has been removed from the shaft gear, which can be done easily without tools. Assembling the electric motor with the wave gear locked is therefore fundamentally impossible.
  • twist angle locking realized with the help of the non-positive/positive locking ring, which is equally effective in every angular position of the elements to be locked relative to one another, is also suitable for use in an automated production line.
  • the method with which the wave gear is secured against adjustment is characterized in that a locking ring is inserted between the adjusting element and the housing of the wave gear in such a way that at the same time there is a non-positive connection between the lock ring and the housing and a positive connection between the Circlip and the adjusting element is produced.
  • the wave gear is not only suitable for use in an electromechanical camshaft adjuster, but also for industrial applications, for example in an industrial robot or in a machine tool.
  • a wave gear marked overall with the reference number 1, is part of an electric camshaft adjuster, not shown, which is used for the adjustment a camshaft of an internal combustion engine, namely a reciprocating piston engine, in relation to its crankshaft.
  • an electric camshaft adjuster not shown, which is used for the adjustment a camshaft of an internal combustion engine, namely a reciprocating piston engine, in relation to its crankshaft.
  • the wave gear 1 used as an actuator is a three-shaft gear.
  • Three elements that can be rotated about a common axis, namely the axis of rotation of the camshaft, and each interact directly with external components, i.e. components that are not attributable to the wave gear 1, are generally referred to as connecting elements 2, 9, 13.
  • the drive element 2 is constructed in several parts and includes a chain wheel 3, which is driven by the crankshaft during operation of the camshaft adjuster, rotating at half the crankshaft speed.
  • the output element 13 is intended for a rotationally fixed connection to the camshaft to be adjusted.
  • the adjusting element 9 is designed as an inner ring of a rolling bearing 8, which is part of a wave generator 7.
  • the wave generator 7 is driven via a compensating clutch, namely an Oldham clutch, by an electric motor (not shown), for example a brushless synchronous motor.
  • the compensating clutch has an Oldham disk, not shown, into which two bolts 14 engage when the camshaft adjuster is fully assembled.
  • the bolts 14 are fastened in the roller bearing inner ring mentioned and are assigned to the adjusting element 9.
  • the adjusting element 9 provides one non-circular, elliptical raceway for rolling elements 10, namely balls, is formed.
  • An associated outer ring 11, in which the balls 10 roll, is designed to be flexible in contrast to the adjusting element 9, so that it permanently adapts to the non-round shape of the adjusting element 9.
  • the outer ring 11 in turn is surrounded by a flexible gear element 12, which has external teeth and is also called a flex ring.
  • the external toothing of the flex ring 12 engages in the internal toothing of the chain wheel 3 and the output element 13 at two diametrically opposite points.
  • the chain wheel 3 is firmly connected by screws 6 to a housing element 4, which is also part of the drive element 2.
  • the drive element 2 includes a housing cover 5, which is located on the end face of the wave gear 1 facing the camshaft to be adjusted.
  • the output element 13 is secured in the axial direction within the wave gear 1 by the housing cover 5.
  • the housing element 4 serves to secure the outer ring 11 and thus the entire wave generator 7 in the opposite axial direction within the wave gear 1.
  • the drive element 2 and the output element 13 ensure in a manner known per se that a full revolution of the adjusting element 9 relative to the drive element 2 results in a comparatively small pivoting between the drive element 2 and the output element 13 is implemented.
  • a coupling stage can be formed either between the flex ring 12 and the drive element 2 or between the flex ring 12 and the output element 13.
  • the transmission stage of the wave gear is accordingly formed either by the flex ring 12 and the output element 13 or between the flex ring 12 and the drive element 2.
  • the wave gear 1 is a plus gear
  • an anti-twist device 15 is provided, which is formed on the one hand by two elements 2, 9, namely the drive element 2 and the adjusting element 9, which are to be assigned to the connecting elements of the wave gear 1, and on the other hand by a securing element 18 in the form of a locking ring.
  • the locking ring 18 interacts positively with the drive element 2 on the outside and positively with the adjusting element 9 on the inside.
  • the U-profile 19 forms an inner, corrugated section 20, which can be attributed to a positive anti-rotation device that can be produced between the adjusting element 9 and the locking ring 18.
  • the form-fitting anti-rotation protection is constructed from an inner anti-rotation contour 16 on the side of the adjusting element 9 and an outer anti-rotation contour 17 on the side of the locking ring 18.
  • the inner anti-rotation contour 16 is secured by parts that are already present in the wave gear 1, namely by the bolts 14, provided.
  • the associated outer anti-rotation contour 17 is in the form of the annularly closed, corrugated section 20 of the locking ring 18.
  • the corrugated section 20 is concentrically surrounded by an outer, smooth section 21, which is also formed by the U-profile 19 of the locking ring 18.
  • the outer, annular section 21 contacts a cylindrical inner circumferential surface of the housing element 4.
  • the smooth section 21 is part of a force-locking anti-rotation device between the locking ring 18 and the drive element 2.
  • a radially outwardly directed flange 22 of the locking ring 18 adjoins the outer, cylindrical section 21.
  • This flange 22 is in the arrangement according to Figures 1 and 2 on the front side of the housing element 4.
  • a tab 23 extending from the flange 22 can also be seen, which allows the device to be easily removed manually Circlip 18 from wave gear 1 is used. Attaching the electric motor of the camshaft adjuster to the wave gear 1 is only possible with the locking ring 18 removed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein für die Verwendung als Stellgetriebe eines elektromechanischen Nockenwellenverstellers geeignetes Wellgetriebe. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Sicherung eines Wellgetriebes gegen Verstellen, insbesondere beim Transport oder während der Montage.The invention relates to a wave gear suitable for use as an actuator of an electromechanical camshaft adjuster. The invention further relates to a method for securing a wave gear against adjustment, in particular during transport or during assembly.

Aus der DE 10 2016 216 594 B3 ist ein Nockenwellenversteller bekannt, welcher mit Hilfe einer Verdrehsicherung gegen unbeabsichtigtes Verstellen gesichert werden kann. Die Verdrehsicherung des bekannten Nockenwellenverstellers umfasst eine das Stellgetriebe vorspannende Feder. Das Stellgetriebe des Nockenwellenverstellers ist als Wellgetriebe mit einem Flexring als elastischem Getriebeelement ausgebildet.From the DE 10 2016 216 594 B3 A camshaft adjuster is known which can be secured against unintentional adjustment using an anti-twist device. The anti-rotation device of the known camshaft adjuster includes a spring that preloads the actuating gear. The actuating gear of the camshaft adjuster is designed as a wave gear with a flex ring as an elastic gear element.

Weitere Vorrichtungen, mit denen ein elektromechanischer Nockenwellenversteller gegen Verstellen gesichert werden kann, sind aus den Dokumenten DE 10 2008 022 931 A1 und DE 10 2008 022 932 A1 bekannt. In diesen Fällen ist als Stellgetriebe des Nockenwellenverstellers ein Taumelscheibengetriebe vorgesehen.Further devices with which an electromechanical camshaft adjuster can be secured against adjustment are included in the documents DE 10 2008 022 931 A1 and DE 10 2008 022 932 A1 known. In these cases, a swash plate gear is provided as the actuating gear of the camshaft adjuster.

Aus der DE 10 2009 019 397 B4 ist ein Phasenversteller für Verbrennungsmotoren, das heißt ein Nockenwellenversteller, mit einem Verriegelungselement bekannt. Beim Betrieb dieses Nockenwellenverstellers verbleibt das Verriegelungselement in einer Parkposition. Eine Verschiebung des Verriegelungselementes aus seiner Verriegelungsposition in die Parkposition ist durch Drucköl oder -luft möglich. Weitere Nockenwellenversteller dind in DE 10 2016 204 426 A1 und US 2017/0 145 873 A1 gezeigt.From the DE 10 2009 019 397 B4 A phase adjuster for internal combustion engines, that is to say a camshaft adjuster, with a locking element is known. When operating this camshaft adjuster, the locking element remains in a park position. The locking element can be moved from its locking position to the parking position using compressed oil or air. More camshaft adjusters are in DE 10 2016 204 426 A1 and US 2017/0 145 873 A1 shown.

Der Stellantrieb nach DE 10 2016 207 927 A1 beinhaltet eine Anlaufscheibe, die als eine integrierte Transportsicherung fungiert und ein Herausfallen des Wellgenerators verhindert. Als Teil des Stellantriebs kann sie jedoch nicht zur Fixierung der relativen Vorpositionierung der Bauteile des Wellgetriebes genutzt werden.The actuator after DE 10 2016 207 927 A1 includes a thrust washer that acts as an integrated transport lock and prevents the wave generator from falling out. However, as part of the actuator, it cannot be used to fix the relative pre-positioning of the components of the wave gear.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gegenüber dem genannten Stand der Technik weiterentwickeltes, gegen unbeabsichtigtes Verstellen sicherbares Wellgetriebe anzugeben, wobei eine besonders leichte Handhabbarkeit der Verdrehsicherungsvorrichtung gegeben sein und von Eingriffen in die Struktur von Komponenten des Wellgetriebes weitestmöglich abgesehen werden soll.The invention is based on the object of specifying a wave gear that has been further developed compared to the prior art mentioned and can be secured against unintentional adjustment, whereby the anti-rotation device is particularly easy to handle and interventions in the structure of components of the wave gear should be avoided as far as possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Wellgetriebe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Ebenso wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Sicherung eines Wellgetriebes gegen Verstellen gemäß Anspruch 9. Im Folgenden im Zusammenhang mit dem Sicherungsverfahren erläuterte Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung gelten sinngemäß auch für die Vorrichtung, das heißt das Wellgetriebe einschließlich Verdrehsicherungsvorrichtung, und umgekehrt.This object is achieved according to the invention by a wave gear with the features of claim 1. The object is also achieved by a method for securing a wave gear against adjustment according to claim 9. The embodiments and advantages of the invention explained below in connection with the security method also apply mutatis mutandis to the device, i.e. the wave gear including anti-rotation device, and vice versa.

Das Wellgetriebe umfasst in an sich bekannter Grundkonzeption drei Anschlusselemente, nämlich ein Antriebselement in Form eines Gehäuses, welches als Ganzes drehbar ist, ein mit der zu verstellenden Welle, insbesondere Nockenwelle, zu verbindendes Abtriebselement und ein Verstellelement, sowie eine zwischen zwei der drei Anschlusselementen wirksame Verdrehsicherungsvorrichtung.In a basic concept known per se, the wave gear comprises three connecting elements, namely a drive element in the form of a housing which can be rotated as a whole, an output element to be connected to the shaft to be adjusted, in particular a camshaft, and an adjusting element, as well as an operating element between two of the three connecting elements Anti-twist device.

Erfindungsgemäß umfasst die Verdrehsicherungsvorrichtung ein zu sämtlichen Anschlusselementen konzentrisches, mit einem der drei Anschlusselemente formschlüssig und mit einem weiteren Anschlusselement kraftschlüssig zusammenwirkendes Sicherungselement. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass damit sowohl eine wirksame Verdrehsicherung erzielbar ist, als auch herkömmliche Wellgetriebe ohne geometrische Modifikation irgendwelcher Komponenten gegen Verstellen, insbesondere während des Transports oder bei der Montage, gesichert werden können.According to the invention, the anti-rotation device comprises a securing element that is concentric to all of the connecting elements and interacts positively with one of the three connecting elements and non-positively with another connecting element. It has been shown that both an effective anti-twist protection can be achieved and that conventional wave gears can be secured against adjustment, especially during transport or during assembly, without geometric modification of any components.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung handelt es sich bei dem Sicherungselement um einen Sicherungsring, insbesondere aus Kunststoff, welcher derart platziert werden kann, dass er kraftschlüssig mit dem Antriebselement und formschlüssig mit dem Verstellelement zusammenwirkt.In a preferred embodiment, the securing element is a securing ring, in particular made of plastic, which can be placed in such a way that it interacts non-positively with the drive element and positively with the adjusting element.

Hierbei ist vorzugsweise eine formschlüssig wirkende Verdrehsicherungskontur auf Seiten des Verstellelementes durch zwei Bolzen gebildet, welche fest mit einem Innenring eines Wellgenerators des Wellgetriebes verbunden sind. Die beiden Bolzen können Teil einer Oldham-Kupplung sein, welche als Ausgleichskupplung einen Achsversatz zwischen dem Wellgetriebe und einem das Verstellelement, das heißt den Innenring des Wellgenerators samt Bolzen, antreibenden Elektromotor ausgleicht.Here, a form-fitting anti-rotation contour is preferably formed on the side of the adjusting element by two bolts, which are fixed to an inner ring a wave generator of the wave gear are connected. The two bolts can be part of an Oldham coupling, which, as a compensating coupling, compensates for an axial offset between the wave gear and an electric motor driving the adjusting element, that is, the inner ring of the wave generator including the bolt.

Der Sicherungsring ist rationell spritzgusstechnisch herstellbar. In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist der Sicherungsring U-förmig profiliert. Hierbei ist durch den Sicherungsrings eine formschlüssig wirkende Verdrehsicherungskontur, welche direkt mit den Bolzen des Verstellelementes zusammenwirkt, durch einen gewellten, inneren Abschnitt des U-Profils des Sicherungsrings gebildet. Zugleich weist der Sicherungsring in dieser Ausgestaltung einen glatten, äußeren Abschnitt des U-Profils auf, welcher zur kraftschlüssigen Verdrehsicherung gegenüber dem Antriebselement, das heißt dem Gehäuse des Wellgetriebes, vorgesehen ist.The locking ring can be produced efficiently by injection molding. In an advantageous embodiment, the locking ring is profiled in a U-shape. Here, the locking ring forms a positive anti-rotation contour, which interacts directly with the bolts of the adjusting element, by a corrugated, inner section of the U-profile of the locking ring. At the same time, the locking ring in this embodiment has a smooth, outer section of the U-profile, which is provided for non-positive anti-rotation protection relative to the drive element, that is, the housing of the wave gear.

An das durch den Sicherungsring beschriebene U-Profil ist vorzugsweise ein radial nach außen gerichteter Flansch angeformt, welcher bei eingesetztem Sicherungsring an einer stirnseitigen Fläche des Antriebselementes anliegt. Zur leichteren Handhabbarkeit kann an diesen Flansch eine zum manuellen Entfernen des Sicherungsrings von den Anschlusselementen geeignete Lasche angeformt sein.A radially outwardly directed flange is preferably formed on the U-profile described by the locking ring, which rests against an end face of the drive element when the locking ring is inserted. To make it easier to handle, a tab suitable for manually removing the locking ring from the connecting elements can be formed on this flange.

Der Sicherungsring hat den Vorteil, dass er in jeder beliebigen Stellung des Verstellelementes gegenüber dem Antriebselement zwischen den genannten Elementen platzierbar ist. Dabei kann sich auch der Sicherungsring selbst in jeder beliebigen Winkellage befinden.The retaining ring has the advantage that it can be placed between the elements mentioned in any position of the adjusting element relative to the drive element. The locking ring itself can also be in any angular position.

Ist bei der Montage eines Nockenwellenverstellers, welcher das Wellgetriebe als Stellgetriebe umfasst, der zur Betätigung des Wellgetriebes vorgesehene Elektromotor an das Wellgetriebe anzubauen, so kann zunächst eine definierte Winkelrelation zwischen dem Antriebselement und dem Abtriebselement des Wellgetriebes eingestellt und mit Hilfe des Sicherungsrings festgehalten werden. Die Winkelstellung des Verstellelementes ist in diesem Moment ohne Belang. Anschließend sind die Ausgleichskupplung sowie der Elektromotor an das Verstellelement anzusetzen. Dies ist nur möglich, nachdem der Sicherungsring von dem Wellgetriebe entfernt wurde, was auf einfache Weise werkzeuglos möglich ist. Eine Montage des Elektromotors bei arretiertem Wellgetriebe ist somit prinzipbedingt ausgeschlossen.If, when assembling a camshaft adjuster, which includes the wave gear as an actuating gear, the electric motor provided for actuating the wave gear is to be attached to the wave gear, then a defined angular relationship between the drive element and the output element of the wave gear can first be set and held with the help of the locking ring. The angular position of the adjusting element is irrelevant at this moment. The compensating clutch and the electric motor must then be attached to the adjusting element. This is only possible after the locking ring has been removed from the shaft gear, which can be done easily without tools. Assembling the electric motor with the wave gear locked is therefore fundamentally impossible.

Die mit Hilfe des kraft-/formschlüssig arbeitenden, in jeder Winkelstellung der gegeneinander festzustellenden Elemente gleichermaßen wirksamen Sicherungsrings realisierte Verdrehwinkelarretierung ist auch für die Verwendung in einer automatisierten Fertigungslinie geeignet.The twist angle locking realized with the help of the non-positive/positive locking ring, which is equally effective in every angular position of the elements to be locked relative to one another, is also suitable for use in an automated production line.

Allgemein zeichnet sich das Verfahren, mit welchem das Wellgetriebe gegen Verstellen gesichert wird, dadurch aus, dass ein Sicherungsring zwischen das Verstellelement und das Gehäuse des Wellgetriebes derart eingesetzt wird, dass gleichzeitig eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Sicherungsring und dem Gehäuse und eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Sicherungsring und dem Verstellelement hergestellt wird.In general, the method with which the wave gear is secured against adjustment is characterized in that a locking ring is inserted between the adjusting element and the housing of the wave gear in such a way that at the same time there is a non-positive connection between the lock ring and the housing and a positive connection between the Circlip and the adjusting element is produced.

Das Wellgetriebe ist nicht nur für die Verwendung in einem elektromechanischen Nockenwellenversteller, sondern auch für industrielle Anwendungen, beispielsweise in einem Industrieroboter oder in einer Werkzeugmaschine, geeignet.The wave gear is not only suitable for use in an electromechanical camshaft adjuster, but also for industrial applications, for example in an industrial robot or in a machine tool.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbespiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierin zeigt:

Fig. 1
ein Wellgetriebe eins elektrischen Nockenwellenverstellers mit eingesetzter Verdrehsicherung in perspektivischer Ansicht,
Fig. 2
eine Schnittdarstellung der Anordnung nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
einen Sicherungsring des Wellgetriebes.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. This shows:
Fig. 1
a wave gear and an electric camshaft adjuster with an anti-rotation device inserted in a perspective view,
Fig. 2
a sectional view of the arrangement Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3
a locking ring of the wave gear.

Ein insgesamt mit dem Bezugszeichen 1 gekennzeichnetes Wellgetriebe ist Teil eines nicht weiter dargestellten elektrischen Nockenwellenverstellers, welcher der Verstellung einer Nockenwelle eines Verbrennungsmotors, nämlich Hubkolbenmotors, in Relation zu dessen Kurbelwelle dient. Hinsichtlich der prinzipiellen Funktion des Nockenwellenverstellers einschließlich des Wellgetriebes 1 wird auf den eingangs zitierten Stand der Technik verwiesen.A wave gear, marked overall with the reference number 1, is part of an electric camshaft adjuster, not shown, which is used for the adjustment a camshaft of an internal combustion engine, namely a reciprocating piston engine, in relation to its crankshaft. With regard to the basic function of the camshaft adjuster including the wave gear 1, reference is made to the prior art cited at the beginning.

Bei dem als Stellgetriebe verwendeten Wellgetriebe 1 handelt es sich um ein Dreiwellengetriebe. Drei um eine gemeinsame Achse, nämlich die Rotationsachse der Nockenwelle, rotierbare, jeweils unmittelbar mit externen, das heißt nicht dem Wellgetriebe 1 zuzurechnenden Komponenten zusammenwirkende Elemente werden allgemein als Anschlusselemente 2,9,13 bezeichnet. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein als Gehäuse ausgebildetes Antriebselement 2, ein Verstellelement 9, sowie ein als Hohlrad gestaltetes Abtriebselement 13.The wave gear 1 used as an actuator is a three-shaft gear. Three elements that can be rotated about a common axis, namely the axis of rotation of the camshaft, and each interact directly with external components, i.e. components that are not attributable to the wave gear 1, are generally referred to as connecting elements 2, 9, 13. This is a drive element 2 designed as a housing, an adjusting element 9, and an output element 13 designed as a ring gear.

Das Antriebselement 2 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel mehrteilig aufgebaut und umfasst ein Kettenrad 3, das beim Betrieb des Nockenwellenverstellers von der Kurbelwelle angetrieben wird, wobei es mit halber Kurbelwellendrehzahl rotiert. Das Abtriebselement 13 ist zur drehfesten Verbindung mit der zu verstellenden Nockenwelle vorgesehen. Das Verstellelement 9 ist als Innenring eines Wälzlagers 8 ausgebildet, welches Teil eines Wellgenerators 7 ist. Der Wellgenerator 7 wird über eine Ausgleichskupplung, nämlich Oldham-Kupplung, von einem nicht dargestellten Elektromotor, beispielsweise einem bürstenlosen Synchronmotor, angetrieben. Die Ausgleichskupplung weist eine nicht dargestellte Oldham-Scheibe auf, in die bei fertig montiertem Nockenwellenversteller zwei Bolzen 14 eingreifen. Die Bolzen 14 sind in dem genannten Wälzlagerinnenring befestigt und dem Verstellelement 9 zuzurechnen.In the exemplary embodiment, the drive element 2 is constructed in several parts and includes a chain wheel 3, which is driven by the crankshaft during operation of the camshaft adjuster, rotating at half the crankshaft speed. The output element 13 is intended for a rotationally fixed connection to the camshaft to be adjusted. The adjusting element 9 is designed as an inner ring of a rolling bearing 8, which is part of a wave generator 7. The wave generator 7 is driven via a compensating clutch, namely an Oldham clutch, by an electric motor (not shown), for example a brushless synchronous motor. The compensating clutch has an Oldham disk, not shown, into which two bolts 14 engage when the camshaft adjuster is fully assembled. The bolts 14 are fastened in the roller bearing inner ring mentioned and are assigned to the adjusting element 9.

Solange das Verstellelement 9 mit der Drehzahl des Antriebselementes 2 rotiert, dreht sich auch die Nockenwelle samt Abtriebselement 13 mit dieser Drehzahl. Eine Phasenverstellung der Nockenwelle findet in diesem Betriebszustand des Wellgetriebes 1 somit nicht statt.As long as the adjusting element 9 rotates at the speed of the drive element 2, the camshaft including the output element 13 also rotates at this speed. A phase adjustment of the camshaft therefore does not take place in this operating state of the wave gear 1.

Die Außenkontur des als Wälzlagerring ausgebildeten Verstellelements 9 weicht von einer Kreisform ab. In an sich bekannter Weise ist durch das Verstellelement 9 eine nicht kreisrunde, elliptische Laufbahn für Wälzkörper 10, nämlich Kugeln, gebildet. Ein zugehöriger Außenring 11, in welchem die Kugeln 10 abrollen, ist im Gegensatz zum Verstellelement 9 nachgiebig gestaltet, so dass er sich permanent der unrunden Form des Verstellelements 9 anpasst. Der Außenring 11 wiederum ist umgeben von einem flexiblen Getriebeelement 12, welches außenverzahnt ist und auch Flexring bezeichnet wird.The outer contour of the adjusting element 9, designed as a rolling bearing ring, deviates from a circular shape. In a manner known per se, the adjusting element 9 provides one non-circular, elliptical raceway for rolling elements 10, namely balls, is formed. An associated outer ring 11, in which the balls 10 roll, is designed to be flexible in contrast to the adjusting element 9, so that it permanently adapts to the non-round shape of the adjusting element 9. The outer ring 11 in turn is surrounded by a flexible gear element 12, which has external teeth and is also called a flex ring.

Die Außenverzahnung des Flexrings 12 greift an zwei diametral gegenüberliegenden Stellen in Innenverzahnungen des Kettenrads 3 sowie des Abtriebselementes 13 ein. Das Kettenrad 3 ist durch Schrauben 6 fest mit einem Gehäuseelement 4 verbunden, welches ebenfalls dem Antriebselement 2 zuzurechnen ist. Ferner ist dem Antriebselement 2 ein Gehäusedeckel 5 zuzurechnen, welcher sich auf der der zu verstellenden Nockenwelle zugewandten Stirnseite des Wellgetriebes 1 befindet. Durch den Gehäusedeckel 5 ist das Abtriebselement 13 in Axialrichtung innerhalb des Wellgetriebes 1 gesichert. Das Gehäuseelement 4 dient dazu, den Außenring 11 und damit den gesamten Wellgenerator 7 in der entgegengesetzten Axialrichtung innerhalb des Wellgetriebes 1 zu sichern.The external toothing of the flex ring 12 engages in the internal toothing of the chain wheel 3 and the output element 13 at two diametrically opposite points. The chain wheel 3 is firmly connected by screws 6 to a housing element 4, which is also part of the drive element 2. Furthermore, the drive element 2 includes a housing cover 5, which is located on the end face of the wave gear 1 facing the camshaft to be adjusted. The output element 13 is secured in the axial direction within the wave gear 1 by the housing cover 5. The housing element 4 serves to secure the outer ring 11 and thus the entire wave generator 7 in the opposite axial direction within the wave gear 1.

Durch unterschiedliche Zähnezahlen der Verzahnungen des Flexrings 12, des Antriebselementes 2, sowie des Abtriebselementes 13 wird in an sich bekannter Weise dafür gesorgt, dass eine volle Umdrehung des Verstellelementes 9 gegenüber dem Antriebselement 2 in eine vergleichsweise geringe Verschwenkung zwischen dem Antriebselement 2 und dem Abtriebselement 13 umgesetzt wird. Hierbei kann eine Kupplungsstufe entweder zwischen dem Flexring 12 und dem Antriebselement 2 oder zwischen dem Flexring 12 und dem Abtriebselement 13 gebildet sein. Die Übersetzungsstufe des Wellgetriebes ist dementsprechend entweder dem Flexring 12 und dem Abtriebselement 13 oder zwischen dem Flexring 12 und dem Antriebselement 2 gebildet. Im erstgenannten Fall handelt es sich bei dem Wellgetriebe 1 um ein Plusgetriebe, im letztgenannten Fall um ein Minusgetriebe.Different numbers of teeth on the teeth of the flexible ring 12, the drive element 2 and the output element 13 ensure in a manner known per se that a full revolution of the adjusting element 9 relative to the drive element 2 results in a comparatively small pivoting between the drive element 2 and the output element 13 is implemented. Here, a coupling stage can be formed either between the flex ring 12 and the drive element 2 or between the flex ring 12 and the output element 13. The transmission stage of the wave gear is accordingly formed either by the flex ring 12 and the output element 13 or between the flex ring 12 and the drive element 2. In the former case, the wave gear 1 is a plus gear, in the latter case it is a minus gear.

Bevor der Elektromotor am Wellgetriebe 1 montiert wird, ist dieses zunächst in definierter Position blockiert. Zu diesem Zweck ist in eine Verdrehsicherungsvorrichtung 15 vorgesehen, welche einerseits durch zwei Elemente 2, 9, nämlich das Antriebselement 2 und das Verstellelement 9, welche den Anschlusselementen des Wellgetriebes 1 zuzurechnen sind, und andererseits durch ein Sicherungselement 18 in Form eines Sicherungsrings gebildet ist.Before the electric motor is mounted on the wave gear 1, it is first blocked in a defined position. For this purpose there is an anti-twist device 15 is provided, which is formed on the one hand by two elements 2, 9, namely the drive element 2 and the adjusting element 9, which are to be assigned to the connecting elements of the wave gear 1, and on the other hand by a securing element 18 in the form of a locking ring.

Der Sicherungsring 18 wirkt außenseitig kraftschlüssig mit dem Antriebselement 2 und innenseitig formschlüssig mit dem Verstellelement 9 zusammen. Im Querschnitt beschreibt der Sicherungsring 18, bei welchem es sich um ein im Spritzgussverfahren hergestelltes Kunststoffteil handelt, ein U-Profil 19.The locking ring 18 interacts positively with the drive element 2 on the outside and positively with the adjusting element 9 on the inside. In cross section, the retaining ring 18, which is a plastic part produced by injection molding, describes a U-profile 19.

Durch das U-Profil 19 ist ein innerer, gewellter Abschnitt 20 gebildet, welcher einer formschlüssigen Verdrehsicherung zuzurechnen ist, die zwischen dem Verstellelement 9 und dem Sicherungsring 18 herstellbar ist. Die formschlüssige Verdrehsicherung ist dabei aufgebaut aus einer inneren Verdrehsicherungskontur 16 auf Seiten des Verstellelementes 9 und einer äußeren Verdrehsicherungskontur 17 auf Seiten des Sicherungsrings 18. Hierbei wird die innere Verdrehsicherungskontur 16 durch Teile, die ohnehin beim Wellgetriebe 1 vorhanden sind, nämlich durch die Bolzen 14, bereitgestellt. Die zugehörige äußere Verdrehsicherungskontur 17 liegt in Form des ringförmig geschlossenen, gewellten Abschnitts 20 des Sicherungsrings 18 vor.The U-profile 19 forms an inner, corrugated section 20, which can be attributed to a positive anti-rotation device that can be produced between the adjusting element 9 and the locking ring 18. The form-fitting anti-rotation protection is constructed from an inner anti-rotation contour 16 on the side of the adjusting element 9 and an outer anti-rotation contour 17 on the side of the locking ring 18. Here, the inner anti-rotation contour 16 is secured by parts that are already present in the wave gear 1, namely by the bolts 14, provided. The associated outer anti-rotation contour 17 is in the form of the annularly closed, corrugated section 20 of the locking ring 18.

Der gewellte Abschnitt 20 ist konzentrisch umgeben von einem äußeren, glatten Abschnitt 21, der ebenfalls durch das U-Profil 19 des Sicherungsrings 18 gebildet ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel kontaktiert der äußere, ringförmige Abschnitt 21 eine zylindrische Innenumfangsfläche des Gehäuseelementes 4. In jedem Fall ist der glatte Abschnitt 21 Teil einer kraftschlüssig wirkenden Verdrehsicherung zwischen dem Sicherungsring 18 und dem Antriebselement 2.The corrugated section 20 is concentrically surrounded by an outer, smooth section 21, which is also formed by the U-profile 19 of the locking ring 18. In the exemplary embodiment, the outer, annular section 21 contacts a cylindrical inner circumferential surface of the housing element 4. In any case, the smooth section 21 is part of a force-locking anti-rotation device between the locking ring 18 and the drive element 2.

An den äußeren, zylindrischen Abschnitt 21 schließt ein radial nach außen gerichteter Flansch 22 des Sicherungsrings 18 an. Dieser Flansch 22 liegt in der Anordnung nach den Figuren 1 und 2 stirnseitig am Gehäuseelement 4 an. Weiter ist eine vom Flansch 22 ausgehende Lasche 23 erkennbar, die dem einfachen manuellen Abnehmen des Sicherungsrings 18 vom Wellgetriebe 1 dient. Der Anbau des Elektromotors des Nockenwellenverstellers an das Wellgetriebe 1 ist ausschließlich bei abgenommenem Sicherungsring 18 möglich.A radially outwardly directed flange 22 of the locking ring 18 adjoins the outer, cylindrical section 21. This flange 22 is in the arrangement according to Figures 1 and 2 on the front side of the housing element 4. A tab 23 extending from the flange 22 can also be seen, which allows the device to be easily removed manually Circlip 18 from wave gear 1 is used. Attaching the electric motor of the camshaft adjuster to the wave gear 1 is only possible with the locking ring 18 removed.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

11
Wellgetriebewave gear
22
Gehäuse, AntriebselementHousing, drive element
33
KettenradSprocket
44
GehäuseelementHousing element
55
GehäusedeckelHousing cover
66
Schraubescrew
77
WellgeneratorWave generator
88th
Wälzlagerroller bearing
99
Innenring, VerstellelementInner ring, adjusting element
1010
Wälzkörperrolling elements
1111
AußenringOuter ring
1212
Flexring, felxibles GetriebeelementFlex ring, flexible gear element
1313
Abtriebshohlrad, AbtriebselementOutput ring gear, output element
1414
Bolzenbolt
1515
VerdrehsicherungsvorrichtungAnti-twist device
1616
innere Verdrehsicherungskonturinner anti-twist contour
1717
äußere Verdrehsicherungskonturouter anti-twist contour
1818
Sicherungselement, SicherungsringLocking element, locking ring
1919
U-ProfilU-profile
2020
innerer, gewellter Abschnittinner, wavy section
2121
äußerer, glatter Abschnittouter, smooth section
2222
Flanschflange
2323
Laschetab

Claims (10)

  1. A harmonic drive (1) having three connection elements (2, 9, 13), namely an input element (2), an output element (13) and an adjusting element (9), and an antitwist mechanism (15) effective between the connection elements (2, 9, 13), characterised in that the antitwist mechanism (15) comprises an antitwist element (18), which is concentric to the connection elements (2, 9, 13) and interlockingly cooperates with one of the connection elements (9) and frictionally cooperates with one other connection element (2).
  2. The harmonic drive (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the antitwist element (18) is designed for force-fitting interaction with the drive element (2) and for form-fitting interaction with the adjusting element (9).
  3. The harmonic drive (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that a form-fitting antitwist contour (16) on the side of the adjusting element (9) is formed by two bolts (14), which are firmly connected to an inner ring of a shaft generator (7).
  4. The harmonic drive (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the two bolts (14) are components of an equalising clutch.
  5. The harmonic drive (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that a form-fitting antitwist contour (17) on the side of the antitwist element (18) is formed by a corrugated inner section (20) of a U-profile (19) of the antitwist element (18).
  6. The harmonic drive (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the antitwist element (18) has a smooth, outer section (21) of the U-profile (19) for force-fitting antitwist protection relative to the drive element (2).
  7. The harmonic drive (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that a flange (22) is moulded onto the U-profile (19) described by the antitwist element (18), which flange is intended to bear against the drive element (2).
  8. The harmonic drive (1) according to claim 7, characterised in that a lug (23) suitable for manually removing the antitwist element (18) from the connection elements (2, 9, 13) is moulded onto the flange (22).
  9. A method for securing a harmonic drive (1) against misalignment, having the following steps:
    - providing a harmonic drive (1), which has a housing that can be rotated as a whole and acts as a drive element (2), as well as an adjusting element (9) designed as a component of a shaft generator (7),
    - providing an antitwist ring (18) to secure the assembly against twisting,
    - inserting the antitwist ring (18) between the adjusting element (9) and the housing (2) in such a way that a force-fitting connection between the antitwist ring (18) and the housing (2) and a form-fitting connection between the antitwist ring (18) and the adjusting element (9) are produced simultaneously,
  10. The method according to claim 9, wherein after insertion of the antitwist ring (18), the drive element (2) and the output element (13) are each fixed to a component in such a way that relative displacement of the components is prevented when the adjusting element (9) is stationary, and wherein the antitwist ring (18) is removed after fixing.
EP19836787.2A 2019-01-16 2019-12-17 Harmonic drive Active EP3911845B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019101107.8A DE102019101107A1 (en) 2019-01-16 2019-01-16 Wave gear
PCT/DE2019/101099 WO2020147882A1 (en) 2019-01-16 2019-12-17 Harmonic drive

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EP3911845A1 EP3911845A1 (en) 2021-11-24
EP3911845C0 EP3911845C0 (en) 2024-02-21
EP3911845B1 true EP3911845B1 (en) 2024-02-21

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EP (1) EP3911845B1 (en)
JP (1) JP7268166B2 (en)
CN (2) CN113302380A (en)
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WO (1) WO2020147882A1 (en)

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DE102021105281A1 (en) 2021-03-04 2022-09-08 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Electromechanical camshaft phaser and method for operating a camshaft phaser

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JP4930427B2 (en) 2008-03-27 2012-05-16 株式会社デンソー Manufacturing method of valve timing adjusting device
DE102008022932B4 (en) 2008-05-09 2021-08-05 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Assembly arrangement of a phase adjuster and phase adjuster
DE102008022931A1 (en) 2008-05-09 2009-11-12 Schaeffler Kg Assembly arrangement for phase shifter of internal combustion engine, comprises drive component in driving connection with shaft, and another drive component is provided, which is mounted on another shaft in torque proof manner
DE102009019397B4 (en) 2008-07-07 2017-11-23 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Phase adjuster for internal combustion engines with a locking element
US8584633B2 (en) * 2009-08-06 2013-11-19 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Harmonic drive camshaft phaser with bias spring
US8424500B2 (en) * 2009-08-06 2013-04-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Harmonic drive camshaft phaser with improved radial stability
DE102013204659A1 (en) * 2013-03-18 2014-09-18 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Phaser
US10107154B2 (en) * 2014-06-05 2018-10-23 Borgwarner, Inc. Electric cam phaser with fixed sun planetary
JP6350365B2 (en) 2015-04-07 2018-07-04 株式会社デンソー Valve timing adjusting device, lock jig used for manufacturing valve timing adjusting device, and method for manufacturing valve timing adjusting device
DE102016204426A1 (en) * 2016-03-17 2017-09-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Electric shaft adjuster
DE102016207927B4 (en) * 2016-05-09 2018-07-26 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG actuator
DE102016207930B3 (en) * 2016-05-09 2017-08-10 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG The wave gear
WO2017206988A1 (en) * 2016-05-31 2017-12-07 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Actuating gear mechanism
DE102016216594B3 (en) 2016-09-02 2017-11-02 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Phaser
DE102016223474B3 (en) * 2016-11-25 2018-03-08 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Variable speed gear device for a shaft and vehicle with the Verstellgetriebevorrichtung
DE102017111035B3 (en) * 2017-05-22 2018-06-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Phaser
CN107588177A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-16 深圳市领略数控设备有限公司 A kind of cycloidal-pin wheel harmonic drive

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EP3911845C0 (en) 2024-02-21
EP3911845A1 (en) 2021-11-24
CN116641772A (en) 2023-08-25
WO2020147882A1 (en) 2020-07-23
DE102019101107A1 (en) 2020-07-16
JP7268166B2 (en) 2023-05-02
US20220243620A1 (en) 2022-08-04
US11686225B2 (en) 2023-06-27
JP2022518453A (en) 2022-03-15
CN113302380A (en) 2021-08-24

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