EP3906419A1 - Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien detektieren von alterungserscheinungen eines regelmässig wiederkehrende strukturen aufweisenden bauteils - Google Patents
Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien detektieren von alterungserscheinungen eines regelmässig wiederkehrende strukturen aufweisenden bauteilsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3906419A1 EP3906419A1 EP20703941.3A EP20703941A EP3906419A1 EP 3906419 A1 EP3906419 A1 EP 3906419A1 EP 20703941 A EP20703941 A EP 20703941A EP 3906419 A1 EP3906419 A1 EP 3906419A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inhomogeneities
- recurring
- scan
- structures
- detection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003909 pattern recognition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ribbons Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/346—Testing of armature or field windings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/308—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
- G06T7/0006—Industrial image inspection using a design-rule based approach
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/97—Determining parameters from multiple pictures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30144—Printing quality
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the non-destructive detection of aging phenomena of a component having regularly as der Kohlende structures, in particular a wound insulation, such as a stator derwicklungsisol ist, and a device that for
- the winding bars of generators are provided with insulation.
- This stator winding insulation normally comprises several layers of insulating tape wound around the stator winding bar and impregnated with a resin.
- the stator winding bar serves as a winding bar for insulation.
- Accelerated aging phenomena of the insulation which in the long term lead to damage, are the result, for example in the form of microcracks or delamination.
- stator winding insulation is checked at regular intervals and repaired as required.
- the detection of signs of aging of a stator winding insulation is currently carried out, for example, using what is known as partial discharge measurement.
- This proven method which is generally considered to be integral measurement, can only cover those areas of stator winding insulation in which the electric field is strong enough, i.e. those areas in which the winding bars are in the generator grooves are arranged, as well as the approximately 30% of the front insulating length comprehensive areas under the respective end corona protection.
- signs of aging also occur in the other areas of the winding bars, so that signs of aging cannot be fully detected.
- the partial discharge measurement it is not possible to localize detected aging phenomena to the required extent, since the accuracy of the transit time measurement of the partial discharge pulses is approximately 1.2 meters.
- the present invention creates a method for the non-destructive detection of signs of aging of a component having regularly recurring structures, comprising the steps:
- step b) Detection of aging phenomena exclusively based on those of the homogeneities identified in step b) which do not follow a recurring pattern.
- the component is scanned in the area of the recurring structures in the depth direction of the insulation, which is often also referred to as a depth sweep.
- at least one scan image set is generated, the two-dimensional scan images of which were created in different scan planes.
- These scan images show a large number of inhomogeneities that can represent potential signs of aging, but are greater partly caused by the complex recurring structures of the component. Accordingly, it is difficult to identify any signs of aging that are actually present. For this reason, in step b), using a suitable algorithm, those inhomogeneities that form recurring patterns and those inhomogeneities that do not follow a recurring pattern are identified.
- the recurring pattern-forming inhomogeneities re present inhomogeneities that relate to the recurring pattern Structure of the component can be traced back to, for example, the winding structure of a winding. Subsequently, in step c) aging phenomena are detected exclusively based on those of the inhomogeneities identified in step b) which do not follow a recurring pattern. In other words, the inhomogeneities that form recurring patterns are ignored in the detection of signs of aging, so that signs of aging are only detected from the set of remaining inhomogeneities. In this way, despite the very complex component structure, it is possible to record and evaluate existing signs of aging of the component very reliably. Based on the assessment, it can then be decided whether maintenance measures need to be taken or not.
- the regularly recurring structures are one or more winding layers wound around a winding bar, in particular the winding layers of an insulating tape of a stator winding insulation, the tape layers of a rotor cap or the like.
- the regularly recurring structures are multi-dimensional structures, in particular special 3D-printed ribs, supports, springs or support elements or structures that define cavities or channels, the Regularity and the recurring Character are based in particular on a corresponding 3D model.
- the scanning in step a) is advantageously carried out using a terahertz, ultrasound or tomography test technique or an optical analysis according to reflection, absorption or transmission methods or a combination of several of these methods and techniques.
- the generated scan image set is assigned to a specific area of the component. This assignment can for example be based on the position of the scan head at the time of the scanning process and based on the size of the image area of the scan images. In this way,
- Step c) clearly localize detected signs of aging on the component.
- the detection carried out in step c) can be carried out visually by a person, with the inhomogeneities identified in step b) which follow a recurring pattern being faded out from the scan images or marked specifically around the person during detection to facilitate the detection of signs of aging.
- the person performing the detection can display the scan images of the at least one scan image set one above the other and / or one below the other on a monitor, which facilitates the detection.
- the detection carried out in step c) takes place automatically using a further algorithm which can represent part of the computer program that also contains the algorithm used in step b). A subjective influence of a person on the detection result is accordingly excluded.
- the algorithm can be based on
- Databases, pattern recognition logics, data analyzes or the like that make it possible to identify and, if necessary, evaluate the type of aging phenomena based on the type of inhomogeneities and their position.
- the algorithm can be based on a 3D model of the component or the expected recurring
- step b) which do not follow a recurring pattern are advantageously highlighted in the scan images, in particular marked in color.
- the aging phenomena are thus easily detectable for a person studying the scan images.
- the position and / or type and / or extent of the aging phenomena detected in step c) are preferably identified and stored, this identification being able to take place manually or automatically, that is to say with the aid of a computer.
- the identification allows a better assessment of whether or not repair work must be carried out promptly.
- the storage enables a documentation of the damage history and / or the temporal change of individual aging phenomena.
- Figure 1 is a partial view of a winding bar during
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a portion of an insulated winding bar showing a first winding pattern
- Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of the in
- Figure 2 shown partial area
- FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a portion of another insulated winding bar showing a second winding pattern
- Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of the in
- Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of a
- Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of a one in the
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show a winding pattern with winding bars during the implementation of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 shows an exemplary view of a scan image
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic view which shows scan images processed according to the invention of the upper three scan planes shown in FIG. 4; and FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the scan images shown in FIG. 9 in the superimposed state.
- FIG. 1 shows a partial view of a winding bar 1, for example in the form of a generator winding bar while an insulating tape 2 is being wound up when a stator winding insulation is newly produced.
- the X direction corresponds to the axial direction of the winding bar 1, the Y direction to the width direction of the winding bar 1 and the Z direction to the radial direction or the thickness direction of the insulating tape 2.
- the X-direction remains constant, while the Y-direction and the Z-direction as a function of the side of the winding bar 1 that is being wound, change.
- the insulating tape 2 which normally has a bandwidth B between 15 and 40 mm, is wound in such a way that the insulating tape edges 3 enclose an angle of about 5 ° with the Y direction, the respective windings overlapping one another in the X direction , which results in overlaps of length L and overlap gaps of length A.
- FIGS. 2 to 7 show examples of different winding patterns that can be generated when the insulating tape 2 is wound onto a winding bar 1.
- Figures 2 and 3 show a winding bar 1, on which two insulating tapes 2, which are each formed in two layers and have a lower mica layer 4 and an upper glass fabric carrier layer 5, were successively wound in the positive X-direction in such a way that they are in Z- Direction are positioned one above the other.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show a winding bar 1 on which two insulating tapes 2, which are likewise designed in two layers were wound successively first in the negative X direction and then in the positive X direction in such a way that they are positioned one above the other in the Z direction.
- the insulating tape edges 3 of the insulating tapes 2 arranged one above the other cross at an angle ß which corresponds to twice the angle.
- Such a cross winding is advantageous in that after each winding process of an insulating tape layer using a corresponding insulating tape winding machine, no idle travel occurs.
- FIG. 6 shows a further winding example in which the lower insulating tape layer was wound nested in the positive X direction using two insulating tapes 2 at the same time, while the upper insulating tape layer was wound using a single insulating tape 2 in the positive X direction.
- winding patterns shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 can be combined with one another as desired.
- the number of insulating tapes 2 used for stator winding insulation can be several 10 insulating tapes 2 arranged one above the other and / or nested inside one another. After the insulating tapes 2 have been wound, they are impregnated using a resin.
- stator winding insulation When the generator is in operation, there is a structural change in the stator winding insulation caused by electrical, thermal and chemical loads. Signs of aging in the stator winding insulation are the result, for example in the form of cracks, delaminations, folds or the like. To determine the state of aging of the stator winding insulation and to avoid damage to the generator, it is necessary to identify such aging phenomena and their extent early on and, if necessary, to take countermeasures in good time.
- FIG. 7 shows a winding bar 1, the stator winding insulation of which is wound in a cross winding analogous to FIGS. 4 and 5 and which has two signs of aging.
- the stator winding insulation is scanned while generating at least one scan image set comprising a plurality of two-dimensional scan images 6.
- the scanning is carried out using terahertz test technology, the scan images 6 of the scan image set being recorded in four scan planes E1 to E4, each arranged in the Z direction, each extending in an X-Y plane.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of such a scan image 6 of an undamaged insulation. It can be seen from FIG. 8 that the scan image 6 already has a large number of inhomogeneities 7 due to the very complex winding structure, which means that inhomogeneities 7 caused by aging phenomena are very difficult to distinguish from structurally induced inhomogeneities 7, here in particular by the inhomogeneities 7 caused by the insulating tape edges 3 of the stator winding insulation.
- in a further step using a suitable algorithm in the individual scan images 6, those inhomogeneities 7 that form recurring patterns and those inhomogeneities 7 that do not follow a recurring pattern are identified.
- the inhomogeneities 7 representing the insulating tape edges 3 are identified as those with a regularly recurring pattern and represented as lines 8 provided with markers A1, A2, A3.
- the inhomogeneity 7.1.1 is identified as an inhomogeneity that cannot be assigned to a recurring pattern and is marked in color.
- the inhomogeneities 7 caused by insulating tape edges 3 are also identified as those with a recurring pattern, lines 8 provided with markers Asl, As2, As3 ... Asn are identified and the expected recurring pattern adjusted, which is calculated from the markers A1, A2, A3 ... An and the bandwidth B of the insulating tape 2. Furthermore, the inhomogeneities 7.1.2 and 7.2.2 are identified as inhomogeneities that cannot be assigned to a recurring pattern and are marked in color.
- the inhomogeneities 7 caused by the insulating tape edges 3 are identified as those with a recurring pattern and shown as lines 8 provided with markers B1, B2, B3... Bn. Furthermore, the inhomogeneities 7.1.3 and 7.2.3 are identified as inhomogeneities that cannot be assigned to a regular pattern and are marked in color.
- the inhomogeneities 7 caused by the insulating tape edges 3 are identified as a recurring pattern, shown as lines 8 provided with markers Bsl, Bs2, Bs3 ... Bsn and with the to matched expected recurring pattern, which is calculated from the markers B1, B2, B3 ... Bn and the bandwidth B of the insulating tape 2.
- the inhomogeneity 7.2.4 is identified as an inhomogeneity that cannot be assigned to a recurring pattern and is marked in color.
- FIG. 9 shows, by way of example, the scan images 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 of the scan planes E 1 to 3 which have now been cleared by the algorithm
- Cracks are usually sharp-edged, run in the X or Y direction, whereby they can be distinguished from the insulating tape edges 3 extending at an angle to the Y axis, and penetrate several layers of insulating tape in the Z direction.
- Delaminations usually only affect a single layer and create oval inhomogeneities in the scan image.
- Creases in the insulating tape 2 usually extend in the X direction, remain constant over several turns and slowly fade away in the Z direction.
- the detection of signs of aging as well as the identification of the type of signs of aging can be carried out by one person. However, they are also preferably carried out automatically using a suitable algorithm which can be contained in the same computer program as the previously mentioned algorithm.
- the algorithm can access databases, pattern recognition logics, data analyzes or the like that make it possible to identify and, if necessary, evaluate the type of aging phenomena based on the type of inhomogeneities and their position.
- the method according to the invention makes use of the fact that reflections and thus inhomogeneities primarily occur at locations with large changes in material properties, such as, for example, along the edges of insulating tape. If the material property changes are of a recurring nature, they are structure-related and can be disregarded when detecting aging phenomena, which greatly simplifies the analysis of the remaining inhomogeneities.
- different frequencies or other scan parameters such as angle of incidence, can be selected, for example those that allow a high resolution but do not penetrate so deep into the component, or those that allow a low resolution but deeper into the component penetration.
- a combination of both frequencies and / or angles of incidence then enables an optimal scan setting depending on the test task to be solved.
- inventive method can also be used for other components that have recurring structures.
- examples of such components are glass fiber, carbon fiber or polymer fiber reinforced plastic Materials, metal-reinforced plastics, ceramic fiber composites, laminates, wound bodies made from webs,
- the process can also be used for 3D-printed components in which a three-dimensional lattice structure is created, the regularity and recurring character of which is based on 3D models.
- This structure and a corresponding 3D model can, for example, have a location-dependent variation of the lattice structure in order to be adapted to the loads to be expected, for example, due to increasingly narrow meshing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019202420.3A DE102019202420A1 (de) | 2019-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien Detektieren von Alterungserscheinungen eines regelmäßig wiederkehrende Strukturen aufweisenden Bauteils |
PCT/EP2020/051251 WO2020169286A1 (de) | 2019-02-22 | 2020-01-20 | Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien detektieren von alterungserscheinungen eines regelmässig wiederkehrende strukturen aufweisenden bauteils |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3906419A1 true EP3906419A1 (de) | 2021-11-10 |
Family
ID=69500699
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20703941.3A Pending EP3906419A1 (de) | 2019-02-22 | 2020-01-20 | Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien detektieren von alterungserscheinungen eines regelmässig wiederkehrende strukturen aufweisenden bauteils |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11940499B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3906419A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019202420A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020169286A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102020210658A1 (de) | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verfahren zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung einer Ständerwicklungsisolierung |
DE102021209868B3 (de) | 2021-09-07 | 2023-02-02 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Dichteverteilung von Druckmaterial innerhalb eines Grünkörpers und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Grünkörpers mittels eines generativen Fertigungsverfahrens |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3774030A (en) * | 1972-06-02 | 1973-11-20 | Magnaflux Corp | Defect detecting and indicating means for non-destructive testing |
JP4711759B2 (ja) | 2005-07-08 | 2011-06-29 | パナソニック株式会社 | X線検査装置 |
US8208711B2 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2012-06-26 | General Electric Company | Method for automatic identification of defects in turbine engine blades |
US10546372B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2020-01-28 | Kinder Morgan, Inc. | Method, machine, and computer medium having computer program to detect and evaluate structural anomalies in circumferentially welded pipelines |
JP2009176336A (ja) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-08-06 | Fujitsu Ltd | 腐食検出方法およびこれに用いるモニターパターン |
DE102008046698A1 (de) * | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Röntgencomputertomograf zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von aus Materiallagen aufgebauten Objekten mittels Röntgencomputertomografie |
TWI391685B (zh) * | 2009-10-16 | 2013-04-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 繞線製品檢測機台及其層間短路之檢測方法 |
JP5559551B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-19 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社サキコーポレーション | 検査装置 |
EP3249657A1 (de) * | 2016-05-23 | 2017-11-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Isolationsband, elektrische maschine und verfahren zum herstellen des isolationsbands und der elektrischen maschine |
DE102016212134A1 (de) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Beladung eines Filtermediums mit Partikeln |
DE102016124522A1 (de) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren zur Inspektion eines Stahlbands |
-
2019
- 2019-02-22 DE DE102019202420.3A patent/DE102019202420A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-01-20 EP EP20703941.3A patent/EP3906419A1/de active Pending
- 2020-01-20 WO PCT/EP2020/051251 patent/WO2020169286A1/de unknown
- 2020-01-20 US US17/431,159 patent/US11940499B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102019202420A1 (de) | 2020-08-27 |
US20220146579A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
WO2020169286A1 (de) | 2020-08-27 |
US11940499B2 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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