EP3904764B1 - Système de chaudière destiné au traitement des gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Système de chaudière destiné au traitement des gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3904764B1
EP3904764B1 EP20172108.1A EP20172108A EP3904764B1 EP 3904764 B1 EP3904764 B1 EP 3904764B1 EP 20172108 A EP20172108 A EP 20172108A EP 3904764 B1 EP3904764 B1 EP 3904764B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
boiler
exhaust gases
waste heat
boiler system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP20172108.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3904764C0 (fr
EP3904764A1 (fr
Inventor
Josip Kasalo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Christof Global Impact Ltd
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Christof Global Impact Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to EP20172108.1A priority Critical patent/EP3904764B1/fr
Publication of EP3904764A1 publication Critical patent/EP3904764A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3904764C0 publication Critical patent/EP3904764C0/fr
Publication of EP3904764B1 publication Critical patent/EP3904764B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
    • F22B1/1846—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations the hot gas being loaded with particles, e.g. waste heat boilers after a coal gasification plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1861—Waste heat boilers with supplementary firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F23M5/025—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used specially adapted for burner openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05021—Wall blocks adapted for burner openings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler system for the treatment of exhaust gases, in particular dust-containing exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and/or shredder light fractions, with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening for the exhaust gases, the boiler system having at least one combustion chamber and at least one of the combustion chambers in the direction of flow Exhaust gases have a downstream waste heat boiler.
  • the invention further relates to a method for treating exhaust gases with such a boiler system and a use of such a boiler system for the treatment of exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and/or shredder light fractions.
  • Boiler systems and methods for treating exhaust gases are basically known in practice and from the prior art in various embodiments.
  • the exhaust gases are usually passed through a combustion chamber and a waste heat boiler.
  • the exhaust gases cool as they flow through such boiler systems and steam can be generated using a steam generation circuit.
  • Such boiler systems are usually connected to a melting furnace or combustion furnace from which the exhaust gases to be treated flow out.
  • DE 196 27 758 A1 describes a high-temperature system for burning toxic pyrolysis gases and pyrolysis residues with a combustion chamber and a waste heat boiler downstream of the combustion chamber, which is annular.
  • DE 10 2011 002 615 A1 relates to a method for treating an exhaust gas from an electric melting process and describes a device with a combustion chamber and a downstream heat exchanger.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a boiler system for the treatment of exhaust gases, with which high efficiency in terms of cooling the exhaust gases and the use of energy or energy production from the exhaust gases is possible, which is nevertheless simple and space-saving and with the ever The temperature and/or the residence time or the residence time behavior in the combustion chamber can be controlled or regulated as required. Furthermore, the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a method for treating exhaust gases with such a boiler system and the use of a boiler system for the treatment of exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and/or shredder light fractions.
  • the boiler system according to the invention is used to treat exhaust gases.
  • the exhaust gases can come from a melting process, in particular from a melting process of iron and other metals and/or residues.
  • the boiler system according to the invention is used for the treatment of dust-containing exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and/or Shredder light fractions used.
  • the electronic waste is in particular old electrical devices or their components.
  • Shredder light fractions are, in particular, residues from shredding processes in shredder systems, for example from old vehicles, household appliances, construction scrap and the like.
  • the electronic scrap and/or the shredder light fractions usually contain iron and/or other residual metals and/or plastics and/or glass and similar components. It is possible for additional iron or other metals to be added to the electronic scrap and/or the shredder light fractions for the melting process.
  • the electronic scrap and/or the shredder light fractions are expediently melted in a melting furnace.
  • Hot and dust-containing exhaust gases preferably flow from the melting furnace through the at least one inlet opening into the combustion chamber, flow through the combustion chamber and the at least one waste heat boiler connected downstream of the combustion chamber and then exit the boiler system again through the at least one outlet opening.
  • flow direction of the exhaust gases means in particular the direction of movement of the exhaust gases from the inlet opening to the outlet opening of the boiler system.
  • the inlet opening is arranged on the combustion chamber and preferably forms the entrance to the combustion chamber.
  • the outlet opening is expediently arranged on the waste heat boiler and preferably forms the outlet of the waste heat boiler.
  • the combustion chamber is formed by at least one combustion chamber wall and this combustion chamber wall has cooling pipe sections.
  • These cooling pipe sections are preferably components of a Plurality of cooling tubes.
  • the combustion chamber wall is preferably designed as a cooling tube wall and particularly preferably the combustion chamber is completely or essentially completely formed by a combustion chamber wall designed as a cooling tube wall.
  • a cooling medium is guided in the cooling pipe sections or cooling pipes. This cooling medium is preferably water.
  • the cooling pipe sections or cooling pipes are part of a steam generation circuit. This will be explained in more detail later.
  • the combustion chamber has at least one air addition device.
  • the air addition device serves in particular to supply combustion air into the combustion chamber.
  • the air addition device is preferably designed as an air addition opening, preferably as a closable air addition opening.
  • the air addition device can be set up as an opening in the combustion chamber wall, as a nozzle or nozzle opening or as an air addition nozzle which has an air addition opening or the like.
  • the air addition device is at least one air addition nozzle, which has at least one air addition opening or closable air addition opening.
  • combustion air makes it possible within the scope of the invention for the exhaust gas entering the combustion chamber, in particular the hot, dust-containing exhaust gas from a melting process of electrical scrap, and/or shredder light fractions, to be completely burned in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is designed to be round or essentially round in cross-section at least in some areas, preferably over its entire length or essentially over its entire length.
  • cross section of the combustion chamber means in particular the cross section transversely or perpendicular to the longitudinal extent or largest longitudinal extent of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is therefore preferably cylindrical or truncated in shape and the combustion chamber wall expediently forms the cylinder jacket or the lateral surface of the truncated cone.
  • the combustion chamber is round or substantially round in cross section over at least 50%, preferably over at least 60%, preferably over at least 70%, particularly preferably over at least 80% and most preferably over at least 90% of its length is round.
  • the combustion chamber is round or essentially round in cross section over its entire length or essentially over its entire length. Length of the combustion chamber here means in particular the extension of the combustion chamber from its entrance or from the inlet opening of the boiler system, which is preferably arranged on the combustion chamber, to the transition of the combustion chamber into the waste heat boiler.
  • the combustion chamber can be composed of several cylindrical and/or frusto-conical combustion chamber sections that merge into one another.
  • Round or essentially round cross-section preferably means a circular or oval cross-section, preferably a circular or essentially circular cross-section.
  • the round or essentially round cross-sectional design of the combustion chamber is based on the knowledge that efficient cooling and energetic use of the exhaust gases is possible, which at the same time can be controlled easily and reliably.
  • the round or essentially round cross-sectional design of the combustion chamber enables optimal mixing of the exhaust gases with the supplied combustion air and, in addition, undesirable creeping flows of the exhaust gases can be prevented.
  • the combustion chamber has at least one fuel addition device, preferably at least one fuel addition opening for the addition of fuels or substitute fuels.
  • Load fluctuations can preferably be compensated for by adding fuels or substitute fuels. Such load fluctuations occur in particular when the furnace load has largely been burned and the exhaust gas quantity and/or exhaust gas temperature therefore decreases.
  • the substitute fuels are preferably liquid and/or gaseous substitute fuels. According to one embodiment, this can be natural gas. Alternatively or additionally, waste materials can be introduced into the combustion chamber as substitute fuel by the fuel addition device.
  • the fuel addition device is designed in the form of at least one fuel addition opening in the combustion chamber wall, through which the fuels or substitute fuels can enter the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel addition device or fuel addition opening is preferably set up in such a way that at least one addition lance can be introduced into the combustion chamber through it, with which the fuel or substitute fuel is then supplied to the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel addition device is at least one fuel addition nozzle which has at least one fuel addition opening or closable fuel addition opening.
  • At least one combined air addition and fuel addition connection which serves as an air addition device and as a fuel addition device, in particular with at least one combined air addition and fuel addition opening is trained.
  • a combined addition nozzle Through such a combined addition nozzle, at least one addition lance for at least one fuel or substitute fuel can be introduced into the combustion chamber, and air or combustion air can flow into the combustion chamber. It is possible for several combined air addition and fuel addition ports to be arranged on the combustion chamber or combustion chamber wall.
  • the preferred embodiment of the combustion chamber with at least one fuel addition device for the addition of fuels or substitute fuels is based on the knowledge that load fluctuations can be effectively compensated for by adding the fuels or substitute fuels.
  • fuel or substitute fuel can be fed into the combustion chamber and in this way the load fluctuations can be compensated for. Furthermore, the addition of fuels or substitute fuels can be used to control or regulate the temperature and/or the residence time or the residence time behavior of the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber.
  • At least one burner is arranged in the combustion chamber.
  • several burners are arranged within the combustion chamber, which can particularly preferably be switched on depending on the fuels or substitute fuels used to burn the substitute fuels.
  • a recommended embodiment of the boiler system according to the invention is characterized in that the inside of the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber wall is lined at least in areas with at least one fireproof material.
  • the inside of the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber wall is expediently over at least 50%, preferably over at least 65%, particularly preferably over at least 80% of its length. very particularly preferably lined with a fireproof material over its entire length or essentially over its entire length.
  • the refractory material is a ceramic material.
  • the refractory material can be applied, in particular in the form of plates and/or as a coating compound and/or as a ramming compound, to the inside of the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber wall.
  • the fireproof material is preferably a fireproof ramming mass.
  • the combustion chamber wall has cooling pipe sections. These cooling pipe sections are preferably part of a plurality of cooling pipes.
  • the combustion chamber wall or the cooling pipe sections of the combustion chamber wall are designed, at least in some areas, as a membrane wall. It is recommended that the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber wall over at least 50% of its length, preferably over at least 65% of its length, preferably over at least 80% of its length, particularly preferably over at least 90% of its length, very particularly preferably over its entire length or is designed as a membrane wall essentially over its entire length. It is recommended that the combustion chamber wall is a membrane wall.
  • membrane wall means in particular a wall made of mutually adjacent cooling tubes, each of which is connected to one another via a web, so that a closed combustion chamber wall is formed.
  • the combustion chamber has a dwell section.
  • the dwell section of the combustion chamber preferably forms an end section of the combustion chamber in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases.
  • the dwell section of the combustion chamber is expediently designed with a membrane wall as a combustion chamber wall.
  • the residence section of the combustion chamber has a Wall without cooling pipes or without cooling pipe sections.
  • the residence section of the combustion chamber serves in particular to extend the distance through which the exhaust gases flow within the combustion chamber and in this way in particular to increase the residence time of the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber or to control or regulate the residence time behavior of the exhaust gases. This embodiment is based on the knowledge that the required or legally required residence time of the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber can be guaranteed or maintained by the residence section or the resulting residence section, which preferably forms an end section of the combustion chamber.
  • the requirements for the residence time or the residence time behavior of the exhaust gases and/or the temperature in the combustion chamber can vary depending on the process or method.
  • the required or legally required residence time can be around two seconds.
  • the legally required temperature that must prevail in the combustion chamber for this residence time can be around 1100 °C.
  • the special design of the combustion chamber according to the invention makes it possible to effectively adapt the residence time and/or the temperature to the requirements and at the same time to use the exhaust gases extremely efficiently to generate energy, in particular to generate steam.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the boiler system according to the invention is characterized in that the waste heat boiler has at least one boiler empty draft part. It is within the scope of the invention that the boiler empty draft part of the waste heat boiler is arranged immediately after the combustion chamber in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases.
  • the boiler empty train part expediently has at least one, preferably at least two boiler empty trains, which are preferably separated from one another by a partition are.
  • the waste heat boiler has at least one convection part. It is recommended that the convection part has at least one convection train, preferably at least two convection trains.
  • draft refers in particular to a boiler part or boiler section through which the exhaust gases flow essentially without changing direction.
  • the waste heat boiler comprises at least one boiler empty draft part and at least one convection part. It is within the scope of the invention that a boiler empty draft part of the waste heat boiler follows immediately after the combustion chamber in the flow direction of the exhaust gases and that a convection part of the waste heat boiler follows in the flow direction of the exhaust gases after the boiler empty draft part.
  • the exhaust gases emerging from a furnace or melting furnace first flow through the combustion chamber, then the boiler empty draft part of the waste heat boiler and finally the convection part of the waste heat boiler.
  • This configuration of the boiler system according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, for the required or legally required residence time and/or the temperature to be maintained in the combustion chamber and then for rapid heat reduction of the exhaust gases to take place in the boiler empty draft part and/or in the convection part of the waste heat boiler,
  • the heat of the exhaust gases can be used to effectively generate steam.
  • the waste heat boiler has, at least in some areas, an angular, in particular a rectangular, cross-section.
  • cross section of the waste heat boiler means in particular the cross section of the waste heat boiler transversely or perpendicular to its longitudinal extent or largest longitudinal extent.
  • the waste heat boiler is expediently over at least 50%, preferably over at least 60%, preferably over at least 70%, particularly preferably over at least 80% and very particularly preferably over at least 90% of its length are angular or rectangular in cross section.
  • the waste heat boiler is angular, in particular rectangular, in cross section over its entire length or essentially over its entire length.
  • the waste heat boiler has a square cross-section at least in some areas.
  • other angular cross-sectional shapes for example a hexagonal, octagonal or similar cross-section, are also within the scope of the invention.
  • the boiler empty draft part and/or the convection part has an angular, in particular a rectangular, cross-section at least in some areas.
  • the boiler empty draft part and/or the convection part is preferably designed to be angular, in particular rectangular, in cross section over its entire length or essentially over its entire length.
  • a cross-sectional transition from round or essentially round to square, in particular rectangular takes place between the combustion chamber and the waste heat boiler.
  • the combustion chamber is round in cross-section over its entire length or essentially over its entire length and the waste heat boiler is angular in cross-section, in particular rectangular, at least in some areas, preferably over its entire length or essentially over its entire length is formed
  • a cross-sectional transition from round or essentially round to square, in particular rectangular takes place at the transition point or in the transition area between the combustion chamber and the waste heat boiler.
  • a corresponding transition piece can be provided for this purpose.
  • the cross-sectional transition takes place very particularly preferably between the combustion chamber and the boiler empty draft part of the waste heat boiler.
  • the waste heat boiler has a round or essentially round cross-section at least in some areas, preferably over its entire length.
  • the boiler empty draft part and/or the convection part is expediently designed to be round or essentially round in cross-section at least in some areas, preferably completely. In this way, deformation of the components due to high internal pressure in the boiler system can be counteracted.
  • the waste heat boiler has at least one dust separation device.
  • the dust separation device is preferably funnel-shaped. It is within the scope of the invention that the boiler empty draft part and/or the convection part of the waste heat boiler has at least one dust separation device, preferably a funnel-shaped dust separation device.
  • the walls of the waste heat boiler have cooling pipe sections and in particular are designed as a membrane wall at least in some areas. It is recommended that the walls of the empty boiler draft part are provided with cooling pipe sections and are preferably designed as a membrane wall at least in some areas, particularly preferably over the entire length or essentially over the entire length of the empty boiler draft part.
  • the boiler empty draft part of the waste heat boiler can in particular be at least one boiler empty draft.
  • boiler empty draft means in particular a boiler section or boiler part in which only the walls
  • a boiler empty pass can also be designed completely without cooling pipe sections.
  • At least two such empty boiler trains are expediently provided for the empty boiler train part.
  • convection heating surfaces are provided which run in the interior of the convection part or the convection flue and are preferably arranged transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gases or transversely to the longitudinal direction of the convection part.
  • the convection heating surfaces can be, for example, cooling pipes or cooling pipe bundles.
  • convection draft means in particular a boiler section or boiler part, in the interior of which convection heating surfaces are arranged - preferably transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • at least two convection flues are provided as the convection part of the waste heat boiler.
  • the heat transfer from the exhaust gases to the cooling pipe sections can take place by radiation if the exhaust gas temperature is correspondingly high. It is additionally or alternatively possible for the heat transfer from the exhaust gases to the cooling pipe sections of the walls in the empty boiler draft part to take place by convection.
  • the heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the convection heating surfaces or cooling pipes takes place essentially by convection.
  • a boiler empty pass or additional boiler empty pass is arranged to redirect the exhaust gas flow between two convection flues, so that the exhaust gas flows through the convection flues from top to bottom.
  • the combustion chamber runs predominantly in the height direction.
  • the exhaust gases entering the combustion chamber therefore preferably flow predominantly in the height direction in the combustion chamber.
  • Height direction here means in particular vertical and/or obliquely to the surface of the boiler system.
  • the combustion chamber has sections whose longitudinal axis is arranged vertically to the ground and/or has sections whose longitudinal axis is arranged obliquely to the ground.
  • the waste heat boiler is at least a vertical boiler, the longitudinal axis of which is arranged vertically or essentially vertically, in particular vertically to the base of the boiler system, and through which the exhaust gas flows vertically or essentially vertically.
  • the boiler empty draft part and/or the convection part of the waste heat boiler is at least a vertical boiler or a vertical draft.
  • the combustion chamber runs predominantly in the vertical direction and the waste heat boiler connected downstream of the combustion chamber in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases is designed as a vertical boiler with several vertical flues.
  • the boiler empty draft part of the waste heat boiler expediently has at least one, preferably at least two vertical boiler empty flues and/or the convection part of the waste heat boiler has at least one, preferably at least two vertical convection flues.
  • the dust separation devices preferably provided are in the lower region of the boiler empty flue part and/or the convection part and in particular in the lower region of the boiler empty flue and/or the convection trains.
  • the lower area means in particular the area of the waste heat boiler facing the subsoil.
  • the boiler empty draft part and/or the convection part are designed as horizontal boilers or horizontal drafts, the longitudinal axis of which is arranged horizontally or essentially horizontally and which is horizontally or essentially horizontally separated from the boiler in its longitudinal direction Exhaust gas flows through.
  • the empty boiler part of the waste heat boiler is designed as at least one vertical boiler or vertical pass and the convection part of the waste heat boiler is designed as at least one horizontal boiler or horizontal pass.
  • the cooling pipe sections are part of a steam generation circuit, which is preferably set up in such a way that steam can be generated in natural circulation and/or in forced circulation with the boiler system.
  • the cooling tube sections are expediently part of a plurality of cooling tubes, which preferably form a cooling tube wall, for example a membrane wall.
  • the cooling medium is preferably supplied to the cooling pipe sections or cooling pipes via at least one feed line.
  • the cooling medium heated in the boiler system, in particular in the combustion chamber and/or the waste heat boiler, is recommended to be removed again via at least one return line.
  • the boiler system or the steam generation circuit of the boiler system expediently has at least one steam drum or an upper steam drum.
  • the cooling medium or the steam generated is circulated in particular by convection.
  • at least one circulation pump is provided for forced circulation of the cooling medium or the steam generated. It is within the scope of the invention that the boiler system is set up in such a way that a combination of natural circulation and forced circulation is possible.
  • the steam generation circuit is set up so that saturated steam and/or superheated steam can be generated.
  • fuels or substitute fuels are supplied to the combustion chamber, in particular through the fuel addition device, which are preferably used to compensate for load fluctuations in the combustion chamber burned or co-burned.
  • the exhaust gases preferably flow from a melting furnace through the at least one inlet opening of the boiler system into the combustion chamber.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out as a batch process, so that the melting furnace is loaded with a certain amount of fuel, in particular electrical scrap and/or shredder light fractions, and is only loaded with new fuel after the amount of fuel has been burned.
  • fuel or substitute fuels can be supplied to the combustion chamber in order to compensate for fluctuations in the load of the melting furnace.
  • the melting furnace it is also fundamentally within the scope of the invention for the melting furnace to be operated continuously by continuously supplying new fuel to the furnace.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of a boiler system described above for the treatment of exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and/or shredder light fractions.
  • the boiler system according to the invention has proven particularly useful for treating the exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and/or shredder light fractions.
  • the invention relates to a system for the treatment of exhaust gases, in particular dust-containing exhaust gases from the combustion of electrical waste, with at least one boiler system according to the invention and at least one furnace or melting furnace connected to the boiler system.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that with the boiler system according to the invention an efficient treatment of exhaust gases - in particular dust-containing exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and / or shredder light fractions - is possible and that in the combustion chamber of the boiler system according to the invention the required or legally required residence time and /or the temperature of the exhaust gas can be controlled or regulated depending on requirements.
  • the fuel addition device provided according to the invention for fuels or substitute fuels, load fluctuations can be compensated for effectively and reliably and the required temperature within the combustion chamber can be ensured or maintained.
  • the combustion chamber which is round or essentially round in cross-section at least in some areas, enables very satisfactory control of the combustion processes in the combustion chamber, since the added combustion air is optimally mixed with the exhaust gases and creep flows can be almost completely avoided.
  • the combustion chamber according to the invention simultaneously enables effective combustion, effective steam generation and optimal control of the parameters such as residence time or residence time behavior and / or temperature of the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber.
  • the waste heat boiler which according to the invention is connected downstream of the combustion chamber in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases and which preferably has an empty boiler draft part and a convection part, allows the exhaust gases to be cooled in a controlled manner, whereby the heat of the exhaust gases can be used efficiently to generate steam.
  • the boiler system according to the invention and the method for treating the exhaust gases carried out with the boiler system are characterized by both a simple and less complex structure and by high efficiency in cooling the exhaust gases and generating steam.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a boiler system according to the invention for the treatment of exhaust gases, in particular dust-containing exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and/or shredder light fractions.
  • the boiler system is preferably and in the exemplary embodiment connected to a melting furnace.
  • the boiler system has at least one inlet opening 1 and at least one outlet opening 2 for the exhaust gases.
  • the boiler system further comprises at least one combustion chamber 3 and at least one waste heat boiler 4 connected downstream of the combustion chamber 3 in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • the inlet opening 1 is arranged at the end of the combustion chamber 3 facing the furnace or connected to the furnace.
  • the combustion chamber wall 5 forming the combustion chamber 3 has cooling pipe sections 6.
  • the combustion chamber wall 5 is designed, at least in some areas, as a membrane wall.
  • the cooling pipes of the membrane wall are preferably part of a steam generation circuit for generating steam using the hot exhaust gases.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is designed to be circular or substantially circular in cross-section at least in some areas, preferably and in the exemplary embodiment over its entire length or essentially over its entire length.
  • Cross section here means in particular the cross section transverse or perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the combustion chamber 3.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is recommended and in the exemplary embodiment constructed from several, essentially cylindrical and/or truncated cone-shaped sections, in which the combustion chamber wall 5 forms the cylinder jacket or the lateral surface of the truncated cone forms.
  • the combustion chamber 3 has at least one air addition device, preferably and in the exemplary embodiment at least one air addition opening 7 for supplying combustion air into the combustion chamber 3.
  • the combustion chamber 3 also has at least one fuel addition device for the addition of fuels or substitute fuels.
  • the fuels or substitute fuels are preferably liquid and/or gaseous fuels or substitute fuels.
  • the fuel addition device is at least one fuel addition opening 8.
  • a combined air addition and fuel addition port 16 is arranged on the combustion chamber, which is designed as an air addition and fuel addition device and expediently and in the exemplary embodiment has at least one opening, which serves as an air addition opening 7 and is set up as a fuel addition opening 8 (see in particular Fig. 2 ).
  • the combined nozzle 16 thus serves on the one hand as an air addition opening 7 for the flow of combustion air into the combustion chamber 3 and on the other hand as a fuel addition opening 8 for the addition of fuels or substitute fuels into the combustion chamber 3.
  • the Fuel addition opening 8 or the combined nozzle 16 can expediently and in the exemplary embodiment at least one addition lance be introduced into the combustion chamber, with which the fuel or substitute fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber 3.
  • At least one burner is arranged in the combustion chamber 3. It is recommended that several burners be provided in the combustion chamber 3.
  • the burners can in particular support the combustion of the fuels or substitute fuels and/or serve to control the temperature in the combustion chamber 3.
  • the inside of the combustion chamber 3 or the combustion chamber wall 5 is at least partially lined with a fireproof material 10.
  • a fireproof material 10 is preferably and in the exemplary embodiment a fireproof ramming mass.
  • the combustion chamber 3 has a dwell section 11, which expediently and in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 1 forms an end section of the combustion chamber 3 in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • the residence section 11 of the combustion chamber 3 extends in particular the residence distance of the combustion chamber 3, so that the residence time of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 3 is increased.
  • a particularly recommended embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the waste heat boiler 4 has a boiler empty draft part 12.
  • the boiler empty train part 12 which is in the Fig. 1 is shown in dash-dotted lines, directly to the combustion chamber 3 in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • the boiler empty train part 12 preferably comprises and in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 1 two boiler empty trains 17, which are separated from each other by a partition 18.
  • the waste heat boiler 4 also has at least one convection part 13, which is in the Fig. 1 is shown in dashed lines.
  • the convection part 13 adjoins the boiler empty draft part 12, as recommended and in the exemplary embodiment in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases.
  • the convection part 13 comprises two convection channels 19.
  • the walls of the boiler empty train part 12 have cooling pipe sections 6 at least in some areas.
  • the boiler empty trains 17 of the boiler empty train part 12 expediently have cooling pipe sections 6 only in the area of the walls and, in particular, have no further or essentially no further cooling pipes in their interior.
  • convection heating surfaces - preferably and in the exemplary embodiment cooling tube bundles - be provided in the convection channels 19 of the convection part 13, which run in the interior of the convection channels 19, preferably and in the exemplary embodiment transversely to the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • the waste heat boiler 4 is at least partially angular in cross section, in particular rectangular.
  • the boiler empty trains 17 are expediently Boiler empty train part 12 and the convection trains 19 of the convection part 13 of the waste heat boiler 4 are at least partially angular in cross-section, in particular rectangular in cross-section and very particularly preferred and in the exemplary embodiment are rectangular in cross-section over their entire length or essentially over their entire length.
  • a cross-sectional transition takes place between the combustion chamber 3 and the waste heat boiler 4 from round or essentially round to square, in particular rectangular.
  • this cross-sectional transition from round to square takes place at the transition between the combustion chamber 3 and the empty boiler draft part 12 of the waste heat boiler 4.
  • the combustion chamber 3 runs predominantly in the height direction. It is recommended that the waste heat boiler 4 is at least a vertical boiler, the longitudinal axis of which is arranged essentially vertically and through which the exhaust gas flows vertically or essentially vertically.
  • the boiler empty flues 17 of the boiler empty flue part 12 are designed as vertical flues or vertical boilers and the convection flues 19 of the convection part 13 are designed as vertical flues or vertical boilers.
  • the boiler empty flues 17 and the convection flues 19 are thus flowed through vertically or essentially vertically by the exhaust gas in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the waste heat boiler 4 has at least one dust separation device 14, which is expediently funnel-shaped in the exemplary embodiment.
  • funnel-shaped dust separation devices 14 are on the underside of the two convection flues 19 of the convection part 13 and on the underside of the boiler empty flue part 12 arranged.
  • the cooling pipe sections 6 are part of a steam generation circuit, which is preferably set up in such a way that steam can be generated in natural circulation and/or in forced circulation with the boiler system.
  • the boiler system in the exemplary embodiment has a steam drum or upper steam drum 20.
  • the steam generation circuit is in particular set up so that saturated steam and/or superheated steam can be generated.
  • the boiler system according to the invention is used to treat dust-containing, hot exhaust gases from a melting process of electrical scrap and/or shredder light fractions.
  • the exhaust gases from the melting furnace are introduced into the combustion chamber 3 via the inlet opening 1 and there completely or essentially completely with the addition of combustion air through the Air addition device or the at least one air addition opening 7 burned.
  • the exhaust gases are then introduced into the waste heat boiler 4 for further cooling and preferably first flow through the boiler empty draft part 12 and then the convection part 13.
  • the exhaust gases then leave the boiler system through the outlet opening 2, which is preferably arranged in an end section of the convection part 13 in the exemplary embodiment. While the exhaust gases flow through the combustion chamber 3 and/or the waste heat boiler 4, steam is generated by the interaction of the exhaust gases with the cooling pipe sections 6.
  • 8 fuels or substitute fuels are preferably supplied through the fuel addition device or the at least one fuel addition opening supplied, which are burned or co-burned to compensate for load fluctuations in the combustion chamber 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Système de chaudière pour le traitement de gaz de combustion, en particulier de gaz de combustion poussiéreux provenant d'un processus de fusion de résidus électroniques et/ou de fractions légères de résidus de broyage avec au moins une ouverture d'entrée (1) et au moins une ouverture de sortie (2) pour les gaz de combustion, sachant que le système de chaudière comporte au moins une chambre de combustion (3) et au moins une chaudière de récupération de chaleur (4) montée en aval de la chambre de combustion (3) en direction d'écoulement des gaz de combustion, sachant que la paroi de chambre de combustion (5) comporte des tronçons de tuyauterie de refroidissement (6), sachant que la chambre de combustion (3) comporte au moins un dispositif d'addition d'air de préférence au moins une ouverture d'addition d'air (7) pour l'alimentation en air de combustion dans la chambre de combustion (3), sachant que la chambre de combustion (3) est constituée au moins par endroits, de préférence sur toute sa longueur ou pour l'essentiel sur toute sa longueur ronde en section ou pour l'essentiel ronde,
    sachant que la chambre de combustion (3) comporte au moins un système d'addition de combustible, de préférence au moins une ouverture d'addition de combustible (8) pour l'addition de combustibles ou de combustibles de remplacement, de préférence de combustibles ou de combustibles de remplacement liquides et/ou gazeux,
    et sachant que la chaudière de récupération de chaleur (4) comporte au moins par endroits une section angulaire, en particulier une section rectangulaire et sachant qu'un transfert de section de rond ou pour l'essentiel de rond à angulaire, en particulier à rectangulaire, a lieu entre la chambre de combustion (3) et la chaudière de récupération de chaleur (4).
  2. Système de chaudière selon la revendication 1, sachant qu'au moins un brûleur est disposé dans la chambre de combustion (3).
  3. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, sachant que le côté intérieur de la chambre de combustion (3) ou de la paroi de chambre de combustion (5) est revêtu au moins par endroits d'un matériau réfractaire (10).
  4. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, sachant que la paroi de chambre de combustion (5) ou les tronçons de tuyauterie de refroidissement (6) de la paroi de chambre de combustion (5) sont constitués au moins par endroits sous la forme d'une paroi à membrane.
  5. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, sachant que la chambre de combustion (3) comporte une section de séjour (11), qui forme de préférence une section finale de la chambre de combustion (3) dans la direction d'écoulement des gaz de combustion.
  6. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, sachant que la chaudière de récupération de chaleur (4) comporte au moins une partie de cycle à vide de chaudière (12).
  7. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, sachant que la chaudière de récupération de chaleur (4) comporte au moins une partie de convection (13).
  8. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, sachant que la chaudière de récupération de chaleur (4) comporte au moins un dispositif de séparation de poussières (14), qui est constitué de préférence en forme de trémie.
  9. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, sachant que les parois (15) de la chaudière de récupération de chaleur (4), en particulier de la partie de cycle à vide de chaudière (12), comportent des tronçons de tuyauterie de refroidissement (6) et sont constituées de préférence au moins par endroits sous la forme d'une paroi à membrane.
  10. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, sachant que la chambre de combustion (3) passe pour l'essentiel en direction de hauteur et/ou sachant que la chaudière à récupération de chaleur (4) est au moins une chaudière verticale dont l'axe longitudinal est disposé pour l'essentiel verticalement et qui est traversé verticalement ou pour l'essentiel verticalement aux gaz de combustion.
  11. Système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, sachant que les tronçons de tuyauterie de refroidissement (6) font partie d'un circuit de production de vapeur, qui est agencé de préférence de telle manière que de la vapeur peut être produite avec le système de chaudière dans une circulation naturelle et/ou dans une circulation forcée.
  12. Système de chaudière selon la revendication 11, sachant que le circuit de production de vapeur est agencé de telle manière qu'il est possible de produire de la vapeur saturée et/ou de la vapeur surchauffée.
  13. Procédé de traitement des gaz de combustion, en particulier de gaz de combustion poussiéreux provenant d'un processus de fusion de résidus électroniques et/ou de fractions légères de résidus de broyage, avec un système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - introduction des gaz de combustion dans la chambre de combustion (3),
    - combustion complète ou pour l'essentiel complète des gaz de combustion en ajoutant de l'air de combustion dans la chambre de combustion (3),
    - introduction des gaz de combustion dans la chaudière à récupération de chaleur (4) pour refroidissement ultérieur des gaz d combustion,
    sachant que pendant la traversée de la chambre de combustion (3) et/ou de la chaudière de récupération de chaleur (4) par les gaz de combustion de la vapeur est produite par interaction des gaz de combustion avec les tronçons de tuyauterie de refroidissement (6),
    et sachant que la chambre de combustion (3), en particulier à travers laquelle sont acheminés des combustibles ou des combustibles de remplacement, qui sont brûlés ou conjointement brûlés de préférence pour équilibrer les variations de charge dans la chambre de combustion (3).
  14. Utilisation d'un système de chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12 pour le traitement de gaz de combustion provenant d'un processus de fusion de résidus électroniques et/ou de fractions légères de résidus de broyage.
EP20172108.1A 2020-04-29 2020-04-29 Système de chaudière destiné au traitement des gaz d'échappement Active EP3904764B1 (fr)

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DE19535638A1 (de) * 1995-08-25 1997-02-27 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Anlage zum Verschwelen und anschließenden Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen und toxischen Reststoffen
DE19627758A1 (de) * 1995-10-28 1998-01-15 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Hochtemperaturanlage zum Verbrennen von toxischen Pyrolysegasen und Pyrolysereststoffen
EP2339278B1 (fr) * 2009-12-18 2017-02-15 Oschatz Gmbh Utilisation d'un dispositif d'enrichissement de cuivre ou de nickel
DE102011002615A1 (de) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Behandlung eines kohlendioxidhaltigen Abgases aus einem Elektroschmelzprozess

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