EP3891515A1 - Verfahren zur elektrischen untersuchung von elektronischen bauelementen eines integrierten schaltkreises - Google Patents
Verfahren zur elektrischen untersuchung von elektronischen bauelementen eines integrierten schaltkreisesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3891515A1 EP3891515A1 EP19809377.5A EP19809377A EP3891515A1 EP 3891515 A1 EP3891515 A1 EP 3891515A1 EP 19809377 A EP19809377 A EP 19809377A EP 3891515 A1 EP3891515 A1 EP 3891515A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sem
- target area
- afm
- nanoprober
- scanning electron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q30/00—Auxiliary means serving to assist or improve the scanning probe techniques or apparatus, e.g. display or data processing devices
- G01Q30/02—Non-SPM analysing devices, e.g. SEM [Scanning Electron Microscope], spectrometer or optical microscope
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q60/00—Particular types of SPM [Scanning Probe Microscopy] or microscopes; Essential components thereof
- G01Q60/24—AFM [Atomic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. AFM probes
- G01Q60/30—Scanning potential microscopy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/28—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes with scanning beams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/25—Tubes for localised analysis using electron or ion beams
- H01J2237/2505—Tubes for localised analysis using electron or ion beams characterised by their application
- H01J2237/2583—Tubes for localised analysis using electron or ion beams characterised by their application using tunnel effects, e.g. STM, AFM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/26—Electron or ion microscopes
- H01J2237/28—Scanning microscopes
- H01J2237/2813—Scanning microscopes characterised by the application
- H01J2237/2814—Measurement of surface topography
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/26—Electron or ion microscopes
- H01J2237/28—Scanning microscopes
- H01J2237/2813—Scanning microscopes characterised by the application
- H01J2237/2817—Pattern inspection
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the electrical examination of electronic components of an integrated circuit.
- Nanoprobes are used in the semiconductor industry and at research institutes to electrically characterize integrated circuits in error analysis and process optimization. For this purpose, measuring tips are connected directly to the contacts of electronic components, integrated circuits, e.g. Transistor structures, and then the electrical properties of these components e.g. measured using characteristic curves.
- SEM scanning electron microscope-based
- AFM atomic force microscope-based
- the advantages of a SEM-based nanoprober are in particular (a) the fast imaging within a few seconds and (b) the possibility of zooming from the mm range to the nm range, which enables easy positioning of the measuring tips to the contacts, and (c) the Avoidance of lateral leakage currents, which can occur in the air with AFM nanosamplers.
- the main advantages of the AFM-based nanoprober are (a) the contacting of the sample to be measured under force control, which prevents the tips from bending or breaking off when placed on insulating points, and (b) a sensitive electrical signal can be detected parallel to the topography image (Conductive AFM).
- the sample to be examined is imaged with an electron microscope and thus also irradiated with an electron beam.
- an electron microscope When contacting components or transistor structures with the probe tips of a nanoprobe, their positions with respect to one another and relative to the component to be contacted are observed or controlled by continuous imaging with an SEM.
- the ability of the scanning electron microscope to rapidly image and zoom quickly from the millimeter range to the micrometer range to the nanometer range exploited.
- the scanning probe microscopy has a small zoom, so no imaging in the millimeter range, and a much slower imaging.
- Patent application US 20150377921 A1 describes a nanoprober which is a combination of SEM and AFM nanoprobes.
- US Pat. No. 8,536,526 B2 describes how an SEM-based nanoprober is used to exclude a region that is sensitive to the electron beam from the irradiation by the electron beam.
- 8,536,526 B2 to avoid sensitive areas from being irradiated by the electron beam is not generally applicable because the contacts are often within the area of the sensitive component structure. In practical application, this means that sensitive parts of electronic components, such as transistors or diodes, are nevertheless exposed to damage. If this area is left out of the image with SEM nanoprobes, these contacts are not visible in the SEM image and the SEM image cannot be used for them Check the position of the tips to the contacts within the area of the sensitive component structure.
- a change in the electrical properties of components by electron beams is to be avoided.
- components of an integrated circuit which has an upper surface, on or below which there are components to be electrically examined, which are sensitive to radiation when exposed to electron beams and can be damaged or are examined in their original condition without the influence of external factors should be examined electrically.
- These areas can contain, for example, components such as capacitors, resistors, transistors or diodes and interconnections between them.
- the surface area of the integrated circuit in which or below the surface of which the components to be examined are located is referred to as the target area.
- the target area there are contact points that enable an examination of components such as capacitors, resistors, transistors or diodes.
- the contact points are points at which electrical contact is made with electrical components.
- these can be metallic, in particular tungsten, contacts located on the integrated circuit.
- the surface of the integrated circuit that is outside the target area is defined as the non-target area.
- the non-target area of the electronic integrated circuit with the scanning electron microscope part of an SEM / AFM nanoprobe is at least partially or completely imaged. This is referred to as SEM for short.
- SEM scanning electron microscope part of an SEM / AFM nanoprobe
- the location of the target area is generally known or approximately known.
- the approach to the target area can be done in different ways.
- the SEM can leave at least a partial area of the electrical non-target area in trajectories and 's turn off the electron beam of the SEM, when the target range is reached and on again, when the non-target area is reached.
- the SEM image and the subsequent repositioning of the tips can be used to bring the tips step by step to the edge of the target area.
- imaging with the SEM is only carried out outside the target area, so that there is no reduction in quality or destruction or a change in the components.
- Components can be examined electrically without changing the original condition. The examination with the SEM is thus carried out so close to the target area of the electronic component that there is still no reduction in quality or destruction or change in the component. This is the case, for example, at a distance of 50 nm to 10 nm from the edge of the target area. Components can be inspected without changing their original condition.
- the target area is only imaged with the atomic force microscopic part of the combined SEM / AFM nanoprober, at least partially or completely, in order to avoid radiation damage to the components that are located on the target area or below the target area by means of an SEM image.
- the atomic force microscopic part of the combined SEM / AFM nanoprober is abbreviated as AFM.
- AFM atomic force microscopic part of the combined SEM / AFM nanoprober
- the measuring tips are brought up to carry out electrical measurements at contact points in the target area in order to carry out the electrical measurement with the respective tips.
- the individual tips can be guided to the desired points, for example to the contact points, and electrical measurements can be carried out there.
- the measurement at the contact points enables the functional components, such as capacitors, transistors, resistors and diodes, to be assessed.
- the imaging with the AFM to comprise surface elements of the integrated circuit which at least partially belong to the target area, but also at least partially to the non-target area.
- the surface area or the surface areas that were identified as the target area are only imaged with the atomic force microscope part of the nanoprober.
- the position of the measuring tips or the distance of the measuring tips from the surface of the integrated circuit is determined by means of the SEM.
- the tips are positioned under the control by AFM imaging to the contact points and (b) the tips are lowered at the contact points in order to make sufficient contact with the contact points for the subsequent electrical measurements, and (c) then the to conduct electrical examination.
- the characteristic curves are then recorded via the measuring tips.
- the characteristic curves can be recorded over the entire target area or parts of it.
- the recording of characteristic curves includes one or more current-voltage curves, which are determined either by applying a voltage and measuring currents or by injecting a current and measuring the resulting voltages.
- electrical properties of the integrated circuit can also be examined using conductive AFM technology.
- the target area should not be irradiated (shown) with the electron beam in order to avoid a change in the electrical properties of the components of the integrated circuit below the surface and on the surface of the target area, so that it can be examined in its original condition without the influence of external factors can be.
- the method according to the invention enables examination, in particular quality control, of electronic components in integrated circuits, while avoiding radiation damage from electron beams by a combination of both scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic imaging of the sample surface. This applies in particular to the very frequently occurring case that the contact points to be contacted with the tips lie completely within the target area.
- Table 1 A comparison of the advantages of different methods and the method according to the invention.
- Fig. 1a-d An integrated circuit on which trajectories of the electron beam for imaging with the scanning electron microscope, as well as the target area and the tips are shown.
- FIG. 1a shows a sample in the form of an integrated circuit 1, which is divided into a non-target area 2 and target area 3.
- the horizontal dashed lines in the non-target area 2 denote a trajectory 4, which represents the path along which the electron beam is guided in the non-target area 2 during the scanning electron microscope imaging.
- Contact points 5 are drawn in the target area 3.
- the image is only made with an AFM part of the nanoprober, the tips of which are identified by reference number 6.
- FIG. 1 b the same components of the sample to be examined have the same reference symbols. In it the tips 6 of the nanoprobe are brought up to the corner points of the target area 3.
- FIG. 1 c shows surface elements 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d, which are imaged by the tips 6 of the nanoprobe in atomic force microscopy mode and which, in addition to partial areas of the target area 3, in which the contact points 5 are located, also areas of the non-target area 2 include.
- Figure 1 d shows a representation in which the tips 6 of the nanoprober are on the contact points 5.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24169826.5A EP4398282A3 (de) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-08 | Verfahren zur elektrischen untersuchung von elektronischen bauelementen eines integrierten schaltkreises |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018009623.9A DE102018009623B4 (de) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Verfahren zur elektrischen Untersuchung von elektronischen Bauelementen eines integrierten Schaltkreises |
| PCT/DE2019/000295 WO2020114533A1 (de) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-08 | Verfahren zur elektrischen untersuchung von elektronischen bauelementen eines integrierten schaltkreises |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24169826.5A Division EP4398282A3 (de) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-08 | Verfahren zur elektrischen untersuchung von elektronischen bauelementen eines integrierten schaltkreises |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3891515A1 true EP3891515A1 (de) | 2021-10-13 |
Family
ID=68696188
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19809377.5A Withdrawn EP3891515A1 (de) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-08 | Verfahren zur elektrischen untersuchung von elektronischen bauelementen eines integrierten schaltkreises |
| EP24169826.5A Withdrawn EP4398282A3 (de) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-08 | Verfahren zur elektrischen untersuchung von elektronischen bauelementen eines integrierten schaltkreises |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24169826.5A Withdrawn EP4398282A3 (de) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-08 | Verfahren zur elektrischen untersuchung von elektronischen bauelementen eines integrierten schaltkreises |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12007408B2 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3891515A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018009623B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020114533A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12131957B2 (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2024-10-29 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Manufacturing process with atomic level inspection |
| JP7507838B2 (ja) | 2021-11-30 | 2024-06-28 | イノヴェータム・インストゥルメンツ・インコーポレイテッド | 荷電粒子ビームを使用するプローブ先端のx-yロケーションの識別 |
| US12306241B2 (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2025-05-20 | Innovatum Instruments Inc. | Automated probe landing |
| US12546819B2 (en) * | 2023-06-12 | 2026-02-10 | Fei Company | Techniques for detecting probe landing in integrated circuit testing systems |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8350252B2 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2013-01-08 | University Of Connecticut | Boundary-modulated nanoparticle junctions and a method for manufacture thereof |
| US8536526B2 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2013-09-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods of operating a nanoprober to electrically probe a device structure of an integrated circuit |
| EP2715767B1 (de) * | 2011-05-31 | 2019-05-08 | Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur untersuchung eines objekts |
| DE112014002974T5 (de) * | 2013-06-24 | 2016-06-09 | Dcg Systems, Inc. | Sondenbasierendes Datensammelsystem mit adaptiver Sonden-Untersuchung gesteuert durch lokale Eigenschaften der Probe |
| WO2015200724A1 (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | Dcg Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for nanoprobing of electronic devices |
| DE102015216673A1 (de) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-03-02 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Untersuchen einer elektrisch geladenen Probenoberfläche |
-
2018
- 2018-12-07 DE DE102018009623.9A patent/DE102018009623B4/de active Active
-
2019
- 2019-11-08 WO PCT/DE2019/000295 patent/WO2020114533A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-11-08 EP EP19809377.5A patent/EP3891515A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-11-08 US US17/295,052 patent/US12007408B2/en active Active
- 2019-11-08 EP EP24169826.5A patent/EP4398282A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20220244290A1 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
| WO2020114533A1 (de) | 2020-06-11 |
| DE102018009623A1 (de) | 2020-06-10 |
| EP4398282A2 (de) | 2024-07-10 |
| US12007408B2 (en) | 2024-06-11 |
| EP4398282A3 (de) | 2024-10-09 |
| DE102018009623B4 (de) | 2021-03-18 |
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