EP3890866A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le post-traitement de particules transportées dans un gaz de traitement ainsi que filtre pour ceux-ci - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le post-traitement de particules transportées dans un gaz de traitement ainsi que filtre pour ceux-ci

Info

Publication number
EP3890866A1
EP3890866A1 EP19821076.7A EP19821076A EP3890866A1 EP 3890866 A1 EP3890866 A1 EP 3890866A1 EP 19821076 A EP19821076 A EP 19821076A EP 3890866 A1 EP3890866 A1 EP 3890866A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
oxidizing agent
filter
process gas
oxidant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19821076.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Kleinhans
Philip STRÖBEL
Sven Pawliczek
Johannes RUMPEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EOS GmbH
Original Assignee
EOS GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EOS GmbH filed Critical EOS GmbH
Publication of EP3890866A1 publication Critical patent/EP3890866A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
    • B29C64/371—Conditioning of environment using an environment other than air, e.g. inert gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0084—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours provided with safety means
    • B01D46/0091—Including arrangements for environmental or personal protection
    • B01D46/0093—Including arrangements for environmental or personal protection against fire or explosion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/77—Recycling of gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/255—Enclosures for the building material, e.g. powder containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/10—Inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
    • B22F2202/11—Use of irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for the aftertreatment of particles carried in a process gas of a device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects, and a filter therefor.
  • Devices and methods for the generative production of three-dimensional objects are used for example in rapid prototyping, rapid tooling or additive manufacturing.
  • An example of such a method is known under the name "selective laser sintering or laser melting".
  • a thin layer of a powdery building material is repeatedly applied and the building material in each layer is selectively solidified by selective irradiation with a laser beam from points corresponding to the cross section of the object to be produced in the respective layer.
  • particles in particular metal condensates
  • a process gas discharged from the process chamber when metallic building materials are used, some of which are highly reactive and react at high temperatures with high heat release.
  • This can lead to uncontrolled filter fires or dust explosions, particularly in the area of filters on which the particles carried in the process gas collect.
  • This risk is increased if, for example, a corresponding filter chamber for changing the filter or filters is opened, which increases the likelihood of a reaction due to the associated increased air supply.
  • EP 1 527 807 proposes inerting by separating dust components from an explosive dust-air mixture by using additive particles with which filter plates are loaded.
  • the amount of the additive particles is chosen so that the mixture of these particles with an entered dust does not constitute a combustible mixture, at least until an upper fill level of a dust container is reached.
  • particles made of calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide are mentioned as additive particles.
  • additional particles means that, in addition to providing them, the upper fill level can also be reached more quickly, so that the dust container has to be emptied more often.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative or improved method or an alternative or improved device for the aftertreatment of particles carried in a process gas of a device for the generative creation of three-dimensional objects, in particular metal condensates, and a filter therefor which minimize the risk of uncontrolled particle burn-off.
  • This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, an aftertreatment device according to claim 7 and a filter according to claim 15. Further developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
  • the method can also be further developed by the features of the devices below or specified in the subclaims, or vice versa, or the features of the devices can also be used with each other for further training.
  • Process gas is understood here to mean the gas which is removed, in particular extracted, from a process chamber and which, depending on the manufacturing process, can also be an inert gas or can comprise this.
  • the process gas can contain both unconsolidated portions of a building material and process by-products such as condensates, for example metal condensates.
  • Such constituents carried in the process gas are summarized under the term “particles”, it being preferred not to feed the unsolidified portions of the building material or to contain them only in smaller quantities than in the process gas when it emerges from the process chamber to the aftertreatment process according to the invention. This can be done, for example, with the aid of a cyclone separator, which effectively at least largely separates unsolidified portions of the building material from the process by-products.
  • oxidation is basically understood to mean a reaction according to the broad, chemically familiar definition, that is to say a reaction in which electrons are released by an electron donor and electrons are accepted by an electron acceptor.
  • condensate particles as electron donors preferably give off electrons to the oxidizing agent as an electron acceptor.
  • the oxidation reaction is carried out by oxygen as an acceptor, for example atmospheric oxygen or an alternative carrier or reactive gas containing oxygen as an oxidizing agent.
  • the form of oxygen is not limited to molecular oxygen, that is to say O2, but also includes other forms such as ozone, that is to say O3, or other element and / or molecular compounds containing oxygen atoms, the oxygen content of which can be used as an oxidizing agent.
  • oxidizing agents include hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and its adducts such as sodium percarbonate, oxygen-containing anions (oxo anions) of transition metals in high oxidation levels such as permanganate MnO 4 " or dichromate Cr207 2- and chromium (VI) oxide (Jones oxidation), metal ions such as Ce 4 + , Noble metal ions such as those of silver and copper, anions of halogen oxygen acids such as bromate Br03 " and hypochlorite CIO, sulfur and the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are known.
  • the fire or explosion tendency of the Particles are either at least sufficiently inhibited or the particles are "burned" in a targeted and controlled manner, ie reacted.
  • the targeted oxidation reaction this is preferably initiated, that is to say, initiated by changing a particle environment and / or targeted energy input.
  • the oxidizing agent and / or the condensate particles and / or the unconsolidated building material, as described later, and / or the particle environment can be heated to a predetermined temperature.
  • the targeted heating of the particles reduces, for example in comparison to the heating of the particle environment, the temperature in the aftertreatment device in such a way that overheating is counteracted.
  • the method according to the invention initially does not provide for a mandatory sequence of the steps of supplying the oxidizing agent and initiating an oxidation reaction.
  • the initiation can also take place before the supply of the oxidizing agent or vice versa.
  • the sequence of the method steps can result from the respective embodiments. It is also possible to initiate the oxidation reaction solely with the supply of the oxidizing agent, and equally with the sole supply of energy from one of the abovementioned energy input sources, wherein, in other words, only one of the abovementioned process steps by carrying out the process according to the invention in the sense of controlled process by-product oxidation is sufficient.
  • the initiation of an oxidation reaction relates to the initiation of an oxidation reaction or is supported.
  • oxidizing agents such as oxygen components in the process gas or admixtures that carry the particles
  • the invention is directed to controlled oxidation reactions which are triggered or supported by the targeted initiation of an oxidation reaction.
  • the process according to the invention proceeds in a particularly controlled manner if the particles are surrounded by a largely inert atmosphere which limits or completely inhibits the reaction of the particles until an oxidation reaction is deliberately initiated or until the oxidizing agent is supplied and / or when the above-mentioned energy input is initiated.
  • process gas carrying the particles is itself an inert gas and that in the supply of the process gas and / or in the filter chamber mixing with potentially contained oxidizing agents is largely avoided except for the specifically supplied oxidizing agents or the supply of the Process gas and / or the filter chamber itself contain inert gas, for example, are flooded with it. If the process gas itself is not an inert gas, it can be mixed with inert gas in the feed and / or in the filter chamber to such an extent that a reaction of the particles with their particle environment is reduced or completely inhibited until the targeted supply of oxidizing agent.
  • the oxidation reaction does not have to be provided for all particles, but can be limited to those particles which, due to their size or their surface-volume ratio, their reaction properties and / or their proportion, represent a corresponding risk of fire or explosion.
  • conglomerations or agglomerations of the particles up to sintering can also occur, by means of which the active surface can be reduced to a non-hazardous level. Such an effect can also be caused by the exothermic oxidation reaction.
  • unconsolidated portions of a building material before the oxidation reaction or preferably condensate particles from the particle environment carried in the process gas, for example by means of centrifugal separators can be pre-separated in order to be able to be recycled, so that the oxidation reaction thus essentially to the condensates as particles is directed.
  • These are often present, for example, as agglomerated particles with primary particle diameters in the range from 80 to 120 nm, as primary particles in the range from 5 to 50 nm.
  • the general risk of fire and explosion can be reduced with preferably no or only a slight change in the particle size.
  • the risk of fire and explosion after changing the filter during disposal or other further treatment of the filter and the particles or the particle residues, if any is reduced compared to a filter change without prior treatment of the particles carried in the process gas.
  • the supplied oxidizing agent is preferably supplied to a particle environment, which is preferably provided in a flowable, more preferably gaseous, in particular in the form of inert gas.
  • the flowable particle environment supports the even distribution of the oxidizing agent in the particle environment.
  • the provision of a particle environment in gaseous form enables the process gas to be used directly, but is also advantageous with regard to the flow characteristics of gases for plant design.
  • an inert gas as the particle environment, the Reaction of its particles until a targeted oxidation reaction is prevented or at least inhibited.
  • the supply of the oxidizing agent is an enrichment of the particle environment with an oxidizing agent, in particular in a region of the intended oxidation reaction.
  • the particle environment can be formed by the process gas carrying the particles themselves or a medium contained in the supply of the process gas and / or the oxidant supply and / or the filter chamber or by a mixture thereof. Due to the fluidity of the particle environment, in particular in gaseous form, the oxidizing agent can be distributed well in the particle environment. If an inert gas is provided as part of the particle environment, the reaction risk of the condensate particles and / or the proportions of non-solidified construction material can be reduced by the inert environment, for example, until the oxidation reaction is initiated and / or the oxidant is added in a targeted manner.
  • the oxidizing agent is preferably provided in a suitable physical state, preferably flowable, more preferably gaseous, in particular in the form of oxygen. Depending on the oxidation reaction conditions, solids are also conceivable as oxidizing agents.
  • expedient relates to the purpose of the oxidation of the particles or of the particles to be supplied to the oxidation reaction, so that a largely complete oxidation reaction in this physical state can be assumed for these particles.
  • the flowability can, for example, facilitate the distribution of the oxidizing agent around the particles.
  • the uniform distribution is particularly well given, especially by a gaseous oxidizing agent.
  • oxygen as an oxidizing agent lends itself in many ways, such as due to its availability, especially with regard to the use of Atmospheric oxygen, the high affinity of many particle materials for oxygen in the sense of an oxidation reaction or also in the sense of a targeted combustion.
  • the particles preferably have a volume fraction of the oxidizing agent, in particular oxygen, of at least 0.01 vol.% And at most 20 vol.%, Preferably at least 1 vol.%, Particularly preferably at least 4 vol.%, And / or preferably at most 10 vol .-%, particularly preferably at most 6 vol .-%, based on the particle environment.
  • the particles are preferably heated, in particular to a temperature of at least 50 ° C. at most 650 ° C., preferably at least 75 ° C., more preferably at least 100 ° C. and / or preferably at most 200 ° C., more preferably at most 150 ° C.
  • an oxidation reaction can be initiated or supported.
  • the heating can take place before, after or even when the oxidizing agent is supplied.
  • the latter in particular when the location of the supply of the oxidizing agent is also provided as the location of the oxidation reaction, so that the heating takes place efficiently.
  • the supply of the oxidizing agent can also be heated upstream or downstream.
  • the fact that the heating is directed not at the gas of the particle environment but at the particles prevents overheating of the aftertreatment device described later, especially in the case of prolonged heating.
  • heat is essentially only absorbed by the particles, this heat absorption not being significant compared to the amount of heat in the gas.
  • the gas in the particle environment is recirculated and / or actively cooled.
  • gas in relation to the particle environment encompasses both the process gas and a gaseous oxidizing agent as well as other gases in the particle environment as well as a mixture of these, since this is not relevant as regards particle heating as such but must be viewed in the context of the oxidation reaction.
  • the heating temperature can expediently take on comparatively higher values, such as in the case of AISM OMg in the range of 200 ° C., the flame temperature of the particles due to the heating and / or the flame temperature of the filter due to the heating being allowed to be exceeded, provided the reaction in the Particle environment takes place without filter contact and before the filter contact the upper limit of the ignition temperature is fallen below again.
  • Alternatives to this, which are less sensitive to temperature, are metal or ceramic filters, for which the ignition temperature is higher.
  • the oxidizing agent content surrounding the particles in particular the oxygen content, and / or the temperature of the particle environment and / or the particles themselves is or are detected and influence or influence the activation of the oxidizing agent supply and / or a pickling device and / or a suction device.
  • the term “record” is not limited to a measurement of the corresponding values, but can also include their derivation from other information sources, such as parameter settings.
  • a measurement of the values can, for example, reflect state information that is independent of the setting.
  • the influence on the control of the oxidant supply and / or the pickling device and / or the suction can lie in a shutdown of at least one of these devices.
  • the influence corresponds to a regulation or readjustment in order to guide the method back into the predetermined range of the target values.
  • both possibilities of influencing are also provided, for example regulation in the event of deviations less than or equal to a predetermined deviation and switching off when this deviation is exceeded.
  • the aftertreatment device for the aftertreatment of particles carried in a process gas of a device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects, the particles being fed to a filter chamber, comprises an oxidizing agent supply for supplying oxidizing agent to the particles and means for initiating an oxidation reaction of the particles with the oxidizing agent.
  • the oxidizing agent supply can be designed as a line which can supply an oxidizing agent from an oxidizing agent store to the particles or merely as an oxidizing agent passage.
  • the means for initiating an oxidation reaction can comprise, for example, means for introducing an energy, in particular for increasing the temperature, or feeds or passages for feeding in catalysts, surface activating agents and / or electrolytes, as have already been mentioned extensively above.
  • the aftertreatment device can, for example, implement targeted oxidation of the particles in order to reduce the risk of fire and explosion.
  • the supply of oxidant is preferably assigned to the supply of the process gas and / or connected directly or indirectly to the filter chamber.
  • the supply of the process gas is understood as the supply of the process gas to the filter chamber.
  • the oxidant feed is assigned to the feed of the process gas, for example, starting from one oxidant feed and one feed of the process gas for several filter chambers, these multiple filter chambers can be operated, since the oxidant feed is not per chamber is to be provided.
  • an oxidant supply connected to the filter chamber can be advantageous.
  • an optional connection option or assignment option is also conceivable.
  • the connection to the filter chamber does not necessarily have to be immediate, but can also be provided indirectly, for example via functional intermediate sections, such as valve sections.
  • the targeted oxidation reaction of the particles can take place, for example, before the particles reach the filter chamber. If the oxidant supply is connected to the filter chamber, a targeted oxidation reaction can, for example, be limited to the area of the filter chamber.
  • the oxidant supply is preferably directed essentially to at least one filter in the filter chamber.
  • the particles reaching the at least one filter can be fed to an oxidation reaction or that the oxidation reaction can take place in the area of the filter, so that the deposition of the oxidized particles on the filter is promoted.
  • the alignment of the oxidant supply to the filter in the filter chamber has proven to be advantageous.
  • a control in particular a regulation, is preferably provided which controls the supply of oxidizing agent in such a way that it supplies it continuously, periodically or variably. Continuous supply of the oxidant can provide a minimum oxidant concentration. However, it may also be advantageous not to track the oxidizing agent, for example after the oxidation reaction has been initiated, but to let the oxidation reaction proceed under the amount supplied up to that point.
  • a variable feed in the sense of an event- or condition-dependent feed is advantageous in many cases, particularly with regard to consumption values and process control in the event of fire and explosion hazards. In the sense of a periodic or variable supply, the control can, for example, inhibit or block the supply of the process gas, such as by switching off a suction for the supply or via corresponding closure elements.
  • the aftertreatment device preferably has at least one energy input source whose energy input takes place from outside the filter chamber, in particular through a radiation-transparent area into an interior of the filter chamber, and / or inside the filter chamber, in particular through an energy input element integrated in the at least one filter.
  • the oxidizing agent and / or the particles and / or the particle environment is supplied with energy for initiating the oxidation reaction via the energy input source.
  • energy for initiating the oxidation reaction via the energy input source.
  • an activation energy is supplied to the particles and / or an energy for increasing the temperature in order to increase the probability of the activation energy being provided by the particles themselves.
  • the energy input can be directed onto the particles over a radiation-transparent area, for example, without further components or media heating up to essentially negligible absorption phenomena.
  • an arrangement within the filter chamber in particular an energy input element integrated in the at least one filter, can offer the advantage, for example, of introducing the energy input locally in a more targeted manner.
  • an energy input source is also conceivable, the energy input of which takes place from outside the supply of the process gas, in particular through a radiation-transparent area into an interior of the supply of the process gas and / or inside the supply of the process gas.
  • this can also be retrofitted in a simple manner by inserting an intermediate piece that includes the energy input source inside or outside and / or a radiation-transparent area, for example as a retrofit kit, into the supply of the process gas or one as a connector is added.
  • the corresponding intermediate or connecting piece can also have an inlet for the oxidant supply.
  • the intermediate or connecting piece comprises sensors for process monitoring.
  • the at least one energy input source is preferably designed as a heating device and can preferably be controlled and / or regulated via the control, in particular regulation.
  • heating device is understood to mean a device which enables the oxidizing agent, the particles and / or the particle environment to be heated.
  • a heater can be used as a means of initiating an oxidation reaction in the In the sense of providing an activation energy as well as in terms of the temperature-dependent oxidation processes.
  • the conglomeration or agglomeration and / or the sintering of the particles can also be supported, for example, by providing a predetermined temperature level. Via the connection to the controller, a temperature profile can be specified, which is directed to the different mechanisms of action.
  • the heating device can also be integrated into a regulation in order to be able to react to values deviating from control specifications or to be able to act according to regulation parameters.
  • the controller can provide the initiation of an oxidation reaction via the energy input source or generally the means for initiating the oxidation reaction periodically at predetermined time intervals or also event-dependent in terms of regulation, such as reaching a predetermined amount of particles, or on request by an operator, for example before opening the filter chamber.
  • the filter chamber can only be opened if an oxidation reaction has been initiated beforehand and the course of which can be assumed to have taken place or a process monitoring confirms this, possibly as a function of a detected quantity of particles in the filter chamber before the oxidation reaction as a trigger of the condition or afterwards in terms of a residual amount as a release condition.
  • Process monitoring is preferably provided, which monitors the oxidant content, in particular the oxygen content, and / or the temperature.
  • the process monitoring can be used, for example, to record process states, to output critical process states in the form of signal information or warning messages or to trigger shutdowns and / or to pass on actual values to the regulation as part of a regulation.
  • the sensors used for process monitoring to measure the oxidant content or the temperature are not limited to the detection of these quantities.
  • the amount of particles carried in the process gas can also be monitored.
  • the process monitoring can form its own independent unit or the quantities to be monitored are recorded by individual sensors, which are combined to form process monitoring, for example in the control.
  • the detection of the variables to be monitored is preferably to be provided in a location-resolved manner in the sense of determining a value in an area of interest, or at least in such a way that the detected variable can be used to draw conclusions about the variable to be monitored in an area of interest.
  • the control preferably controls the supply of oxidizing agent and / or the heating device and / or an extraction system on the basis of the process monitoring.
  • the oxidant supply can be increased, the temperature increased and / or the suction and thus the supply of the process gas can be throttled, for example, when an oxidant content that is too low is detected.
  • the regulation of the supply of the process gas can be directed on the one hand to the amount of particles carried in the process gas and / or to the amount of process gas carrying the particles, which in turn has an influence on the concentration of the oxidizing agent when supplied. Process monitoring and control thus form a control loop.
  • the filter according to the invention for use in a method according to the invention or a device according to the invention comprises a heating device which is designed as a resistance heater, in particular wire mesh and / or heating wire.
  • the heating device By designing the heating device as a resistance heater, a simple implementation can take place.
  • a wire mesh lends itself, which can be designed, for example, as a grid, mesh or irregular structure. An irregular structure can have different temperature ranges, for example, depending on the local structure density.
  • the wire mesh or the heating wire can be inserted into the filter fabric.
  • the filter comprises the heating device, retrofitting conventional filter chambers to an aftertreatment device or for applying the method for aftertreatment is also simplified here.
  • the filter can also be provided to provide the oxidizing agent or the other means for initiating an oxidation reaction. In the sense of providing the oxidizing agent, the filter can be formed, for example, from materials which act as electron acceptors, or can comprise these.
  • the filter In addition to the heating device, the filter can also act as a catalyst to initiate an oxidation reaction or support the formation of activation surfaces.
  • the initiation of the oxidation reaction on or in the area of the filter can also be advantageous in that the largest particle accumulations are to be expected there.
  • an oxidation reaction can be triggered periodically or when a critical amount is reached before opening the filter chamber, in particular as part of a process monitoring or control based on the determined boundary conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view, partly in section, of a device for the generative production of a three-dimensional object.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view, partly in section, of an aftertreatment device for aftertreatment of particles carried in a process gas of a device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects in connection with a device according to FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which in a Embodiment the oxidant supply and the means for initiating the oxidation reaction of the filter chamber can be assigned.
  • 3 is a schematic view, partly in section, of an aftertreatment device for aftertreatment of particles carried in a process gas of a device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects in connection with a device according to FIG. 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which in a Embodiment the oxidant supply and the means for initiating the oxidation reaction of the supply of the process gas can be assigned.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view, partly in section, of an aftertreatment device for aftertreatment of particles carried in a process gas of a device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects in connection with a device according to FIG. 1 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which in a Embodiment the oxidant supply is directed to the filter and this includes the means for initiating the oxidation reaction.
  • FIG. 1 A device for the generative production of a three-dimensional object is described below with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 is a laser sintering or laser melting device 1. To build an object 2, it contains a process chamber 3 with a chamber wall 4.
  • an upwardly open container 5 with a container wall 6 is arranged.
  • a working level 7 is defined through the upper opening of the container 5, the area of the working level 7 which lies within the opening and which can be used to build up the object 2, is referred to as construction field 8.
  • the process chamber 3 comprises a process gas supply 31 assigned to the process chamber and an outlet 53 for process gas.
  • a movable in a vertical direction V T carrier 10 is arranged, on which a base plate 11 is attached, which closes the container 5 down and thus forms the bottom thereof.
  • the base plate 11 can be separated from the bracket 10 may be a plate attached to the bracket 10, or it may be integrally formed with the bracket 10.
  • a building platform 12 can be attached to the base plate 11 as a building base on which the object 2 is built.
  • the object 2 can also be built on the base plate 11 itself, which then serves as a construction document. 1 shows the object 2 to be formed in the container 5 on the building platform 12 below the working level 7 in an intermediate state with a plurality of solidified layers, surrounded by building material 13 which has remained unconsolidated.
  • the laser sintering device 1 further contains a storage container 14 for a powdery building material 15 which can be solidified by electromagnetic radiation and a coater 16 which can be moved in a horizontal direction H for applying the building material 15 within the building field 8.
  • the coater 16 extends across the whole direction of movement area to be coated.
  • a radiation heater 17 is optionally arranged in the process chamber 3, which serves to heat the applied building material 15.
  • an infrared radiator can be provided as the radiation heater 17.
  • the laser sintering device 1 also contains an exposure device 20 with a laser 21, which generates a laser beam 22, which is deflected via a deflection device 23 and through a focusing device 24 via a coupling window 25, which is attached to the top of the process chamber 3 in the chamber wall 4 the working level 7 is focused.
  • the laser sintering device 1 contains a control unit 29, via which the individual components of the device 1 are controlled in a coordinated manner in order to carry out the construction process.
  • the control unit can also be attached partially or entirely outside the device.
  • the control unit can contain a CPU, the operation of which is controlled by a computer program (software).
  • the computer program can be separated from the device on a storage medium be stored, from which it can be loaded into the device, in particular into the control unit.
  • a pulverulent material is preferably used as the building material 15, where building materials forming metal condensates are directed in the invention.
  • this includes in particular iron and / or titanium-containing building materials, but also copper, magnesium, aluminum, tungsten, cobalt, chromium and / or nickel-containing materials and compounds containing such elements.
  • the carrier 10 is first lowered by a height which corresponds to the desired layer thickness.
  • the coater 16 first moves to the storage container 14 and takes from it a sufficient amount of the building material 15 to apply a layer. Then he drives over the building site 8, applies powdered building material 15 there to the building base or an already existing powder layer and pulls it out into a powder layer.
  • the application takes place at least over the entire cross section of the object 2 to be produced, preferably over the entire construction field 8, that is to say the area delimited by the container wall 6.
  • the powdery building material 15 is heated to a working temperature by means of a radiant heater 17.
  • the cross section of the object 2 to be produced is then scanned by the laser beam 22, so that the powdery building material 15 is solidified at the points which correspond to the cross section of the object 2 to be produced.
  • the powder grains are partially or completely melted at these points by means of the energy introduced by the radiation, so that after cooling they are connected to one another as solid bodies. These steps are repeated until the object 2 is finished and can be removed from the process chamber 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view, partially shown in section, of an aftertreatment device 100 for the aftertreatment of one in a process gas 50 Device for the generative production of three-dimensional objects carried particles 51 in connection with a device 1 according to FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the particles 51 and the process gas 50 carrying the particles are represented by the corresponding arrow.
  • the process gas 50 carrying the particles 51 is discharged from the process chamber 3 via an outlet 53 into the feed 52 of the process gas 50 to the filter chamber 40, for example, is sucked off.
  • the filter chamber 40 has an inlet for an oxidant 60 fed via an oxidant feed 62, also shown as a corresponding arrow.
  • the oxidant feed 62 is aligned with the process gas 50 carrying particles 51 emerging from the feed 52 such that the oxidant 60 can penetrate the particle environment of the particles 51 in the region of the initiation of the oxidation reaction described below.
  • An energy input source 70 in the form of radiant heating is provided as a means of initiating the oxidation reaction, which couples its heat radiation into the filter chamber 40 via a transparent area 42 and absorbs it significantly from the particles 51 carried in the process gas 50, so that they are specifically heated.
  • the process gas 50 carrying the particles 51 or now particle residues is then discharged through the filter 41, on which the particles 51 or particle residues remain according to the filter characteristic.
  • the aftertreatment device can also have a separator, not shown, so that particles 51 formed from unconsolidated building material 13 are separated from the process gas 50, so that they are not fed to the aftertreatment.
  • the oxidant guide 62, the feed 52 of the process gas 50 and the energy input source 70 are arranged in such a way that the oxidation reaction is initiated by the energy input source 70 in the particle environment in which the oxidant 60 hits the process gas 50 carrying the particles 51 mixing the particle environment.
  • the particles 51 carried in the process gas 50 can also first be heated to a temperature which then leads to an oxidation reaction being triggered when the particles 51 meet the oxidizing agent 60.
  • the energy input to initiate the oxidation reaction can only take place when the particle environment has already been mixed with the oxidizing agent 60, provided that the oxidizing agent content is then still sufficient. This relates to both a spatial and temporal perspective.
  • the aftertreatment device in FIG. 2 has a control 80 which controls the oxidant supply 62 and thus the amount of oxidant 60 fed to the filter chamber, for example via valves, the outlet 53 and thus the amount of process gas 50 and particles 51 carried therein, as well as the energy input source 70 can control.
  • a process monitoring 90 is provided which detects at least the oxidant content, the amount of particles or the temperature in the filter chamber 40, in particular spatially resolved, via one or more sensors, such as sensors 91 and 92, which are described by way of example in relation to FIG. 3 and which can be included here by the process monitoring 90.
  • the regulation is carried out via the controller 80, but can also be formed by a separate unit from this.
  • the controller 80 can also be included in the control unit 29 of the laser sintering device 1 or assigned to the aftertreatment device 100.
  • the oxidant supply 621 and the energy input source designed as radiant heater 71 are the supply 521 of the process gas 50 and the therein carried particles 51 assigned.
  • the feed 521 comprises a feed section 5211 facing the process chamber 3, a feed section 5212 facing the filter chamber 40 and an intermediate section 5213.
  • the oxidant feed 621 feeds the oxidant 60 to the process gas 50 carrying the particles 51 in the feed section 5211 facing the process chamber 3 .
  • the feed can also be provided in the intermediate section 5213, in particular in front of the radiant heater 71 acting in the intermediate section 5213, or in the feed section 5212 facing the filter chamber 40.
  • the intermediate section 5213 is designed such that it can be inserted between the feed section 521 facing the process chamber 3 and the feed section 5212 facing the filter chamber 40.
  • the intermediate section 5213 can be a retrofit kit that enables conventional systems to be easily adapted to an aftertreatment device for the aftertreatment of particles carried in a process gas 50.
  • the intermediate section 5213 here has a circumferential radiation-transparent region 524, through which the energy of an energy input source 71, which likewise rotates around a longitudinal axis of the intermediate section 5213, is coupled into the intermediate section 5213.
  • the oxidizing agent 60 is first supplied to the process gas 50 carrying the particles 51 in the feed section 5211 facing the process chamber 3 via the oxidizing agent feed 621, so that the oxidizing agent 60 penetrates the particle environment of the particles 51 carried in the process gas 50.
  • the mixture of the process gas 50 carrying the particles 51 and the oxidizing agent 60 passes through the intermediate section 5213, in which the oxidation reaction is initiated via the energy input source 71.
  • a sensor 91 for detecting the amount of particles 51 carried in the process gas 50 in the feed section 5211 facing the process chamber 3 and a sensor unit 92 for measuring the temperature and the oxidant content in the intermediate section 5213 are provided.
  • the oxidizing agent supply 622 is connected to the filter chamber 40 in such a way that it is essentially directed towards the filter 41 and thus the oxidizing agent 60 flows around the filter 41 or passes through the oxidizing agent 60 becomes.
  • the oxidizing agent 60 can be efficiently supplied to the particles 51 carried in the process gas 50 at the filter 41.
  • the largest accumulation of particles 51 to be supplied to the targeted oxidation reaction can be assumed on the filter.
  • the filter 41 can also have a resistance heater in the form of a fleece wire 72 which is worked into or surrounding the filter fabric and which serves as a source of energy input in order to initiate the oxidation reaction.
  • a resistance heater in the form of a fleece wire 72 which is worked into or surrounding the filter fabric and which serves as a source of energy input in order to initiate the oxidation reaction.
  • the introduction of temperature by the heating wire can also be used to support an oxidation reaction initiated by other means.
  • process monitoring 90 is provided, which can, for example, pass on information about the oxidizing agent content, the temperature and / or the amount of particles 51 carried in the process gas 50 to the controller 80.
  • the process monitoring 90 detects the amount of the particles 51 fed to the filter chamber 40 and / or the filter 41, in order to trigger the oxidation reaction via the filler wire 72 when a predetermined amount of particles 51 is reached, with the flint wire 72 flinting.
  • An oxidation reaction is preferably brought about in such a way that the particles 51 on the filter 41 burn off.
  • a predetermined period of time can also be used as a criterion for initiating an oxidation reaction.
  • a further trigger event can also be provided, for example by specifying the operating personnel before the filter chamber 40 is opened to remove the filter 41.
  • the various alternatives can be transferred to the other embodiments on the one hand, but can also be combined with one another.
  • the supply of the oxidizing agent 60 via the oxidizing agent supply 622 can be controlled in such a way that the oxidizing agent 60 is made available to the filter chamber 40 when the oxidation reaction is initiated takes place or should take place.
  • at least a minimum level of an oxidizing agent content can in principle be continuously supplied to the filter chamber 40 or can be supplied such that the minimum level is maintained in the filter chamber 40.
  • an oxidation reaction with the oxidizing agent 60 is avoided as long as no initiation of the oxidation reaction is provided.
  • passivation of the particles 51 can be supported, for example, so that the burn-up which occurs as a result of the initiation of the oxidation reaction is directed towards the particles 51 which have not been sufficiently inhibited by their passivation in their tendency to fire and explode.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de post-traitement de particules (51) transportées dans un gaz de traitement (50) d'un dispositif (1) pour la fabrication additive d'objets tridimensionnels, les particules (51) étant amenées à une chambre de filtration (40). Un oxydant (60) est amené aux particules (51) et une réaction d'oxydation des particules (51) est déclenchée au moyen de l'oxydant (60).
EP19821076.7A 2018-12-12 2019-12-11 Procédé et dispositif pour le post-traitement de particules transportées dans un gaz de traitement ainsi que filtre pour ceux-ci Pending EP3890866A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102018221575.8A DE102018221575A1 (de) 2018-12-12 2018-12-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nachbehandlung von in einem Prozessgas mitgeführten Partikeln sowie Filter hierfür
PCT/EP2019/084749 WO2020120623A1 (fr) 2018-12-12 2019-12-11 Procédé et dispositif pour le post-traitement de particules transportées dans un gaz de traitement ainsi que filtre pour ceux-ci

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US (1) US20220118513A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3890866A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2022512144A (fr)
CN (1) CN113242756B (fr)
DE (1) DE102018221575A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020120623A1 (fr)

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JP2022512144A (ja) 2022-02-02
US20220118513A1 (en) 2022-04-21
DE102018221575A1 (de) 2020-06-18
CN113242756B (zh) 2024-05-31
WO2020120623A1 (fr) 2020-06-18

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