EP3877556A1 - Procédé de traitement d'un composant présentant une zone d'information, composant doté d'une zone d'information et système de mesure - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement d'un composant présentant une zone d'information, composant doté d'une zone d'information et système de mesure

Info

Publication number
EP3877556A1
EP3877556A1 EP19805907.3A EP19805907A EP3877556A1 EP 3877556 A1 EP3877556 A1 EP 3877556A1 EP 19805907 A EP19805907 A EP 19805907A EP 3877556 A1 EP3877556 A1 EP 3877556A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
information area
component
permeability
information
marking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19805907.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephan Krall
Friedrich Bleicher
Markus Prießnitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Wien
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Wien
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Wien filed Critical Technische Universitaet Wien
Publication of EP3877556A1 publication Critical patent/EP3877556A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/08—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by burnishing or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06187—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with magnetically detectable marking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B3/00—Recording by mechanical cutting, deforming or pressing, e.g. of grooves or pits; Reproducing by mechanical sensing; Record carriers therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
    • G11B5/147—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive with cores being composed of metal sheets, i.e. laminated cores with cores composed of isolated magnetic layers, e.g. sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M5/00—Conversion of the form of the representation of individual digits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2815—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT
    • F15B15/2846—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT using detection of markings, e.g. markings on the piston rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2815—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT
    • F15B15/2861—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT using magnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D2205/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of means for transferring or converting the output of a sensing member
    • G01D2205/40—Position sensors comprising arrangements for concentrating or redirecting magnetic flux
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/204—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils
    • G01D5/2046—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for forming an information area of a component according to the preamble of patent claim 1, a component formed by such a method and a measuring system for reading out the information area of such a component.
  • Marking components with stickers that contain, for example, a barcode or a GR code is also widespread.
  • a disadvantage of this method is, however, that the marking is not inseparable from the component and is very poorly protected against environmental influences (temperature, abrasion, UV radiation, moisture, ).
  • keys with magnetic elements are known, which are inserted into the key's beard.
  • the magnets are not inseparable from the key and can be recognized by everyone.
  • Inductive power transmission requires ferromagnetic areas, which are currently realized by different material composites (e.g. conductor track on circuit board). This increases the complexity and space requirements of the assembly.
  • the document DE 102 48 142 B3 discloses a method for producing a magnetically scannable coding of a metallic component, by means of an electromagnetic radiation, for example exposure to a laser beam, changes in structure are generated which result in a change in the
  • magnetic conductivity result. This can then be detected by means of a suitable sensor, for example a magnetic field sensor, in order to read out the code.
  • a suitable sensor for example a magnetic field sensor
  • JP 04259385 A describes a method for forming a coding on a workpiece, in which a ferritic layer is applied to a base body made of austenitic stainless steel, which is then applied by means of laser radiation, so that a laser-induced locally
  • Martensite structure is formed, which is designed according to the marking and can then be read out using a suitable detector.
  • Coercive field strengths are formed, which are applied to a carrier material by a suitable transfer process, for example pressure.
  • the areas with high coercivity are permanently magnetized by means of a magnetic field.
  • a bar code produced in this way can then be applied to the component to be marked.
  • a similar method is described in patent application WO 2018/103528 A1.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing a component that enables the marking / coding or the formation of an information area of the component with little effort.
  • the invention is also based on the object of creating a component produced by such a method and a measuring system for evaluating the identification of such a component. This object is achieved with regard to the method by the features of patent claim 1, with regard to the component by the features of the independent patent claim 6 and with regard to the measuring system by the features of the independent patent claim 9.
  • the method according to the invention is used to process a component or
  • Workpiece which consists at least in sections of a, preferably metallic, material and which is readable in an information area
  • Information / coding / marking carries.
  • it is designed by reshaping the information area in such a way that one of the
  • the component according to the invention is produced by such a method.
  • the measuring system examines such a component, which is designed with an information area, the changes in permeability formed by reshaping being detected and evaluated by means of a reading head or sensor.
  • the shaping is carried out by mechanical surface hammering (MHP) by means of a surface hammer which is preferably guided over NC axes along the information area, which accordingly can also be designed as a free area.
  • MHP mechanical surface hammering
  • surface hammering can be used in any elastic-plastic forming process or other cold forming, such as, for example, rolling, diamond smoothing, rolling, etc. It is particularly preferred if the contact of the respective tool with the workpiece is discontinuous. According to the invention, it is preferred if the change in permeability takes place by means of a local, deformation-induced structural transformation.
  • This structural transformation can be, for example, a deformation-induced martensite formation on a component consisting of metastable austenitic material.
  • the information / marking / coding can be provided for use in actuators, in measuring technology or as a security level in locking technology or the like.
  • the partial reshaping of the information area also results in a visually perceptible change in the workpiece surface. In the event that this visual change is undesirable, the reshaped area can be removed
  • Forming traces can be reworked or coated.
  • the component according to the invention is formed, at least in sections, from a material whose permeability can be changed by reshaping.
  • the component in the information area consists at least in sections of metastable austenitic steel or a corresponding coating and locally exhibits a deformation-induced martensitic phase.
  • the measuring system examines a component which has an information area designed according to the above statements, the information impressed on this information area being able to be read out by means of a reading head.
  • this reading head is for detecting the magnetic permeability or one of the magnetic permeability
  • the read head / sensor used to detect the change in permeability can have a core made of a soft magnetic material as well as an excitation coil and a Have measuring coil or another device (e.g. Hall sensor) suitable for detecting the magnetic permeability.
  • the core is approximately C-shaped or U-shaped, the excitation coil being arranged on one leg and the measuring coil being arranged on the other leg.
  • an approximately E-shaped core is used, in which case the excitation coil can be arranged on a base of the core and the measuring coil can be arranged on a central leg of the core.
  • the measuring system can be used particularly flexibly if the read head can be moved along the information area by means of suitable NC axes
  • an optical sensor can also be used to detect visually visible structures.
  • the magnetic properties of metastable austenitic steels can be influenced in a determined manner by the targeted use of a cold forming process.
  • the resulting structural change that results in the change in magnetic properties can range from a few micrometers to a few millimeters from the edge zone to the depth of the workpiece.
  • Processing takes place on the component surface and can be carried out on flat surfaces as well as on free-form surfaces. Machining can be carried out with standard NC-guided carrier systems (machining center, robots, guided axes and drives, ). This enables information, codings or Apply markings to metallic surfaces. These are machine-readable using appropriate measuring methods. After the cold forming process, the markings can be recognized or read both manually and automatically. A final surface treatment, such as grinding, coating or another process specified in DIN8580, can be used to remove the machining marks from the surface and make the marking invisible. A mechanical evaluation is still possible without restrictions.
  • the magnetic properties are important properties when classifying and selecting metallic materials.
  • pressure forming processes of metastable austenitic steels especially cold rolling and deep drawing, it is possible that the magnetic permeability increases. This effect is usually undesirable.
  • the invention turns away from this prejudice and proposes, through defined action through a pressure forming process, e.g. mechanical surface hammering, to influence the magnetic permeability of metastable austenitic steels in a targeted manner and to make the effect usable.
  • the effect on which the change in permeability is based is the deformation-induced formation of martensite. It starts as soon as the energy introduced into the workpiece surface exceeds a certain activation energy.
  • pressure forming processes e.g. mechanical surface hammering
  • defined areas of the workpiece can be subjected to a change in the permeability.
  • the measurement can be carried out with passive or active measuring sensors / reading heads.
  • the magnitude of the change in permeability can be determined with a sensor based on a C-core with two coil windings.
  • the edge transitions between processed and unprocessed zones can be done with a sensor based on an E-core with three coil windings or any sensor to detect the magnetic permeability can be effectively detected.
  • Inductive power transmission requires ferromagnetic areas, which are currently realized by different material composites (e.g. conductor track on circuit board). With the method presented here, it is possible to incorporate these magnetically conductive areas directly into the base material.
  • the shaping is carried out - as stated above - preferably by means of a surface hammer, which enables the deformation-induced formation of martensite not only to be formed very specifically in the material, but also with regard to the intensity.
  • a surface hammer is described, for example, in the applicant's subsequently published DE 10 2017 127 021. It is a tool that is in continuous or discontinuous contact with the workpiece surface and that has a geometrically defined tool tip or
  • This tool tip or tool contour consisting of diamond, hard metal, ceramic materials or similar material, exerts a defined force - usually normal to the workpiece surface - on the
  • Combination of both can be moved over the workpiece surface along the longitudinal and transverse axes.
  • markings directly to the piston of a hydraulic cylinder and with one Evaluation device to determine the position.
  • the markings can be made invisible and even with the surface, so that sealing points and fits are not adversely affected.
  • the invention thus shows a number of advantages over the conventional solutions described at the beginning.
  • the marking / coding can either remain visible or be made invisible by a final surface treatment. This could be particularly relevant in safety-critical applications, such as chassis numbers, weapon coding, etc.
  • Surfaces that are invisibly marked can continue to be used as functional surfaces, for example as mating or sealing surfaces.
  • the marking can be read by machine and also processed automatically.
  • the coding can take place in such a way that the use or incorrect operation of a device can be prevented, with a release being possible, for example, by means of a magnetic security mechanism.
  • the marking can be applied on conventional NC systems. No special processing device is required, as is assumed, for example, in those solutions in which the information structure is formed by means of a laser beam.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a surface hammer for performing a method according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a measuring system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a reading head of the measuring system according to FIG. 2 with the associated evaluation unit
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of the read head according to Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows a core of the read head according to FIG. 4
  • FIGS. 6 to 12 basic representations of a measuring process in which edge detection of an information area of a component processed according to the invention takes place by means of a reading head according to FIGS. 4 and 5;
  • FIG. 13 shows a measurement data evaluation resulting from the measurement method according to FIGS. 6 to 12;
  • FIG. 14 shows an exemplary course of a measurement curve of a continuous edge detection
  • Figure 15 shows another embodiment of a read head with an approximately C-shaped core
  • FIGS. 16 to 20 steps of level measurement by means of a read head according to FIG. 15;
  • FIG. 21 shows exemplary courses of a level measurement with a read head according to FIGS. 15 and
  • FIG. 22 shows a basic illustration of an exemplary embodiment in which the measurement / evaluation system according to the invention is used in a locking device.
  • a component A consisting of a metastable austenitic material is machined by means of a surface hammer 1.
  • the shaping takes place - as stated above - in such a way that local deformation-induced martensite formation is brought about and thus the permeability in the area of action of the deformed areas is increased compared to the austenitic base material.
  • austenite areas and a corresponding change in permeability on a base material with a martensite structure by means of suitable processes
  • the surface hammer 1 has a hammer head 4 made with a hammer insert 2 made of hard metal or other materials, which is set in periodic oscillations by means of a linear actuator 6 according to the invention, which according to DE 10 2017 127 021 is preferably designed as a reluctance linear actuator or can also be held in a continuous system on the workpiece A to be machined.
  • the surface hammer 1 also has a mechanical interface, in the present case a hollow shank taper 8, via which the surface hammer 1 can be inserted into a corresponding tool holder of a machine tool, a robot or the like, so that the surface hammer 1 during machining via NC axes of the Machine tool or the robot is guided.
  • the discrete-time control of the stroke of the linear actuator 6 takes place via an indicated power electronics 10.
  • the surface hammer 1 has a cylindrical housing 12 made of non-magnetically conductive material, to which the hollow shaft cone 8 is attached. Inside the case 12, the linear actuator 6 is mounted, which according to the sectional illustration in FIG. 1 has a stator 14 in which a plurality of coils 16 are arranged axially offset from one another.
  • stator 14 engages around a rotor 18 which, when the coils 16 are energized, performs a defined stroke due to the reluctance force, which stroke is transmitted to the hammer head 4.
  • the rotor 18 is guided over a bearing arrangement with two solid-state bearings 20, 22, the bearing rigidity in the radial direction and in the axial direction being selected such that the desired high positioning accuracy of the hammer head is ensured.
  • the stroke of the rotor 18 is recorded via a distance measuring system 24, which ensures exact positioning of the rotor 18 as a function of the parameters specified via the power electronics 10 and the machine control.
  • an information area 28 of the component A can be processed to form the information structure in such a way that changes in permeability occur which can be evaluated by means of the measurement system for reading out the information / coding / marking, which will be described in more detail below.
  • the term “marking” is used throughout - this term stands for any coding / marking / information which is formed on a component A in the manner according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a measuring system 26 according to the invention, with which the changes in permeability are recorded and evaluated with regard to the marking coupled therewith.
  • component A is shown with the formed information area 28 inserted in a vice or in another holder 30, which in turn can be arranged on a rotary table / machine table 32.
  • the information associated with the marking is read out via a reading head 34, the structure of which is described in more detail below.
  • the reading head 34 is inserted into a hollow shaft taper 36 of a spindle 38 of a machining center, via the NC axes of which the reading head 34 can be moved along the information area 28 of the component A in order to read out the information / marking.
  • the read head 34 can be moved over the information area 28 at a constant speed via the NC axes, so that the measurement data are recorded for further processing.
  • the selected measuring chain is shown schematically in Figure 3.
  • the indicated read head 34 is excited with a signal generator 40, for example a frequency generator, which supplies a time-varying, highly frequented signal with moderate excitation voltage amplitudes.
  • a signal generator 40 for example a frequency generator, which supplies a time-varying, highly frequented signal with moderate excitation voltage amplitudes.
  • the output signal of the read head 34 is recorded with a measurement card 42 with an integrated A / D converter and transmitted to an evaluation unit 44.
  • the data is displayed and stored on the evaluation unit 44 by means of special software.
  • a suitable reading head 34 is described in detail below.
  • the read head 34 shown in FIG. 4 consists of a two-part housing 46 with an outer housing 48, in which an inner housing 50 is held adjustably via a spring 52.
  • the inner housing 50 accommodates a sensor 54 which can be applied to the information area 28 of the component A by means of the spring 52 with a constant contact pressure in order to compensate for unevenness.
  • a sensor 54 which can be applied to the information area 28 of the component A by means of the spring 52 with a constant contact pressure in order to compensate for unevenness.
  • the reference number 49 denotes a shaft via which the reading head can be clamped in the hollow shaft cone 36.
  • the sensor 54 shown in FIG. 5 works according to an electromagnetic principle.
  • the approximately E-shaped core 56 consists of a soft magnetic material and is provided with an excitation coil 58, consisting of two windings 5a, 58b, and a measuring coil 60, as shown schematically in FIG.
  • the measuring coil 60 encompasses a middle leg 62 of the core, 56.
  • Two measuring lines 64a, 64b of the measuring coil 60 are then led to the measuring card 42.
  • Excitation coil sections 58a, 58b encompass base sections 66a, 66b of the core 56 which are adjacent to the middle leg 62, excitation lines 70a, 70b in accordance with FIG. 3 being contacted with the signal generator 40.
  • Read head 34 described or advantageously enabled with the sensor 54 and is described below.
  • the excitation coil 58 is excited with a high-frequency sinusoidal AC voltage. This creates an alternating magnetic field which flows through the leg 62 and outer legs 72, 74 of the core 56. The alternating field induces a voltage in the measuring coil 60. This is the output signal of the sensor 54 and is recorded with a voltmeter as an RMS value.
  • FIG. 13 shows a typical measurement curve, created by means of the evaluation unit 44 with the help of the software, which results from the continuous edge detection described above.
  • the upper curve shows the amplitude over time and the lower curve shows the course of the voltage over time.
  • the raw data of the measurement signal is basically available as a voltage-time profile.
  • the known (constant) feed rate can be used to calculate back on the travel path.
  • the measurement curve is thus available as a voltage path curve as shown in FIG. 14. In the context of edge detection, this measurement curve is more meaningful than the time course.
  • FIG. 14 shows 13 areas with a linear course. A clear event can be assigned to each of these areas.
  • Part 1 The sensor 54 is completely outside of the processed field (area 1)
  • Part 2 Entry of the sensor 54 into the processed field (area 2 to 6)
  • Part 3 The sensor 54 is completely within the processed field (area 7)
  • Part 4 Exit of the sensor 54 from the field (area 8 to 12)
  • Part 5 The sensor 54 is (again) completely outside the field (area 13)
  • the first leg 74 of the core 56 passes the edge 76.
  • the second (middle) leg 62 passes the edge 76.
  • the second space passes edge 76.
  • the third leg 72 passes the edge 76.
  • the sensor 54 is completely within the information area 28. 8. Area: The first leg 74 passes the opposite edge 80 of the field.
  • the first space passes the opposite edge 80.
  • the second (middle) leg 62 passes the opposite edge
  • the third leg 72 passes the opposite edge 80.
  • the sensor 54 is (again) completely outside of the information area 28.
  • the beginning of an event is marked by the kink on the left edge of the respective area, the end of the kink on the right edge.
  • the entry of the first leg 74 into the processed field begins with the kink on the left edge of area 2 after a travel of 5 mm.
  • the leg of the core 56 moves further and further over the edge until it is completely within the field at the kink on the right edge, at approximately 7.5 mm.
  • FIG. 15 shows the basic structure of a simple sensor 54 for level measurement.
  • the sensor 54 has an approximately C-shaped core 56 with an excitation coil 58 and a measuring coil 60.
  • the excitation coil 58 encompasses the left leg 72 and the measuring coil 60 encompasses the right leg 74 of the core 56.
  • the base connecting the two legs 72, 74 66 has no winding.
  • This sensor 54 is in turn inserted into the read head 34 according to FIG. 4 with the two-part housing 46, so that it can be held in contact with the component A as shown in FIGS. 16 to 20.
  • the sensor 54 is also operated with the measuring chain according to FIG. 3.
  • the excitation coil 58 is excited with a high-frequency sinusoidal AC voltage. This creates a magnetic alternating field that flows through the legs 72, 74 of the core 56. The changing field in turn induces a voltage in the measuring coil 60. The voltage is the output signal of the sensor 54 and is recorded with a voltmeter as an RMS value.
  • both legs 72, 74 are located on the information area 28 (position 2, FIG. 18), the magnetic resistance is even lower and the output voltage continues to increase.
  • FIG. 21 shows the typical course of measurement curves in the above-described level measurement by means of the C-shaped core 56. Three measurement curves are shown, the measurement curve below representing a one-time processing of the information area 28 by reshaping. The two curves above show multiple processing (double, triple).
  • the edge transition (measuring points 1 and 3) is recognizable, but less pronounced.
  • the measured values at the edges 76, 80 differ less than 3% from the measured value in the middle of the field. Fluctuations of this magnitude can also be expected within the field being worked on. A reliable statement about the position of the edge 76, 80 is therefore only possible with extremely uniform processing and the resulting homogeneous magnetic properties.
  • a locking system 81 shown schematically in FIG. 22, can subsequently be designed, which, as key 82, has a sample body (component) processed by reshaping. Similar to a binary code, a coding 88 is then mechanically applied to the key 82 and this is read out or visualized in a further step.
  • the key 82 that is to say that part of the key 82 on which the beard 86 is usually formed, is made at least in sections from a metastable austenitic material or is coated with such a material.
  • This information area 28 is then processed in the manner described above by reshaping, preferably by means of a surface hammer 1, so that deformation-induced martensite formation is brought about with an associated change in permeability.
  • That part of a The lock 84, into which the beard 86 is inserted, is designed with a reading head 34, which is designed, for example, according to the type described above. The change in the permeability and thus the coding 88 of the key 82 can be read out via this reading head 34.
  • the locking system 81 is only unlocked via the read head 34 if the code 88 read corresponds to the code stored.
  • FIG. 22 Two variants are shown in FIG. 22.
  • An exemplary embodiment is shown in the middle, in which the change in magnetic permeability is carried out with a uniform machining intensity. This means that the marking / coding / information is applied locally with the same processing intensity in each case. The marking is then designed accordingly as a binary code.
  • Marking / coding / information with different processing intensities see Figure 21.
  • the different processing intensity creates, so to speak, a “third dimension” for marking / coding / information storage / transmission, which can then be read out with a correspondingly designed reading head 34, as indicated in FIG. 22 below, so that the security of the locking system with respect to the center solution shown is further improved.
  • this concept can also be applied to the other applications explained above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un composant, un composant fabriqué selon un tel procédé et un système de mesure, une zone d'information du composant étant codée/marquée par formage.
EP19805907.3A 2018-11-08 2019-11-07 Procédé de traitement d'un composant présentant une zone d'information, composant doté d'une zone d'information et système de mesure Pending EP3877556A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018127993 2018-11-08
DE102018128433.0A DE102018128433A1 (de) 2018-11-08 2018-11-13 Verfahren zur Bearbeitung eines einen Informationsbereich aufweisenden Bauteils, Bauteil mit einem Informationsbereich und Messsystem
PCT/EP2019/080589 WO2020094808A1 (fr) 2018-11-08 2019-11-07 Procédé de traitement d'un composant présentant une zone d'information, composant doté d'une zone d'information et système de mesure

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EP3877556A1 true EP3877556A1 (fr) 2021-09-15

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EP19805907.3A Pending EP3877556A1 (fr) 2018-11-08 2019-11-07 Procédé de traitement d'un composant présentant une zone d'information, composant doté d'une zone d'information et système de mesure

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EP (1) EP3877556A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018128433A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020094808A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH079025B2 (ja) * 1988-06-10 1995-02-01 電気興業株式会社 オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼板及びオーステナイト系耐熱鋼板の強化方法
JPH04108969A (ja) * 1990-08-29 1992-04-09 Glory Ltd 錠装置
JP2616504B2 (ja) 1991-02-15 1997-06-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 磁気特性変化を利用した信号パターンの形成方法
GB9608329D0 (en) 1996-04-23 1996-06-26 Scient Genarics Ltd Improved methods for coding magnetic tags
HUP9701312A3 (en) * 1997-07-28 2000-06-28 Magyar Allamvasutak Reszvenyta Method for complex shaping of marks or a system of marks by means of modifying texture and inner stresses in materials and by non-destructive read-out of marks or packets of marks
DE10248142B3 (de) 2002-10-16 2004-07-01 Kuhnke Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer magnetisch abtastbaren Codierung in einem metallischen Bauelement, sowie metallisches Bauelement mit einer magnetisch abtastbaren Codierung
WO2006019907A1 (fr) * 2004-07-14 2006-02-23 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company, Inc. Absorbeur de chocs avec capteur de déplacement intégré
DE102009056584B4 (de) * 2009-12-01 2014-09-25 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Bauteil, Verfahren zum Einbringen von Informationen in ein Bauteil und Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Belastungshistorie eines Bauteils
CN106599966B (zh) 2016-12-08 2020-04-28 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司 防伪元件及防伪产品
DE102017127021A1 (de) 2017-11-16 2019-05-16 Technische Universität Wien Reluktanz-Linearaktor und damit ausgeführte Werkzeuge/Antriebe

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