EP3871284A1 - Système électrochimique a oxydes solides a moyens de chauffage intégrés - Google Patents
Système électrochimique a oxydes solides a moyens de chauffage intégrésInfo
- Publication number
- EP3871284A1 EP3871284A1 EP19813102.1A EP19813102A EP3871284A1 EP 3871284 A1 EP3871284 A1 EP 3871284A1 EP 19813102 A EP19813102 A EP 19813102A EP 3871284 A1 EP3871284 A1 EP 3871284A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- stack
- electrochemical
- plate
- electrochemical system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/248—Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical system comprising electrochemical solid oxide cells operating at high temperature.
- the system can be implemented for high temperature electrolysis and include a stack of solid oxide electrolyser cells or SOEC (solid oxide electrolyzer cell in English terminology) or as a fuel cell and include a stack solid oxide fuel cell or SOFC (Solid oxide fuel cell in English terminology).
- SOEC solid oxide electrolyzer cell in English terminology
- SOFC Solid oxide fuel cell in English terminology
- Such a system comprises a stack of electrochemical cells sandwiched between two clamping plates.
- Each cell has an electrolyte between two electrodes.
- Interconnection plates are interposed between the cells and provide the electrical connection between the cells.
- the interconnection plates supply the cells with gas and collect the gases produced in each cell.
- the anode and the cathode are the seat of electrochemical reactions, while the electrolyte allows the transport of ions from the cathode to the anode, or vice versa depending on whether the electrochemical device operates in electrolyser mode or in battery mode. fuel.
- the cathode compartment allows a supply of water vapor and an evacuation of water reduction products, in particular hydrogen, while the anode compartment ensures, via a draining gas, the evacuation of the dioxygen produces oxidation of O 2 ions migrating from the cathode to the anode.
- the electrolysis mechanism (“SOEC” mode) of water vapor by an elementary electrochemical cell is described below.
- the elementary electrochemical cell is supplied by a current flowing from the cathode to the anode.
- the water vapor distributed by the cathode compartment is then reduced under the effect of the current according to the following half-reaction:
- the dioxygen thus formed is evacuated by the draining gas circulating in the anode compartment.
- SOFC fuel cell mode
- Operation in fuel cell mode allows the production of an electric current.
- the clamping plates exert a clamping force on the stack in order to ensure good electrical contact between the interconnection plates and the cells and seal the stack.
- the operating temperatures of SOEC / SOFC systems are generally between 600 ° C and 1000 ° C. These temperatures are obtained by placing the stack in a high power oven.
- the oven comprises an enclosure and for example electrical resistances on the interior faces of the walls of the enclosure. It therefore has a certain size.
- the heat transfer between the electrical resistances and the stack takes place by convection and by radiation. Instrumentation is provided in the space delimited between the oven and the device to monitor and regulate the temperature.
- the hydrogen production or electricity production system therefore comprises an oven and the electrochemical device. The system is relatively bulky and is difficult to handle.
- Document WO2017102657 describes an example of an electrochemical device comprising a stack of solid oxide cells maintained by a clamping system of the “plug and play” type, that is to say easily connectable to the supply and gas collection circuits. .
- the clamping system is designed to ensure a substantially constant clamping level despite temperature variations.
- the electrochemical device is placed in an oven.
- a system comprises an electrochemical device comprising a stack of electrochemical cells with solid oxides and interconnection plates interposed between the cells, and heating means integrated into the stack, said heating means comprising electrical conductors.
- the electrical conductors ensuring the supply of thermal energy to the device are arranged in the clamping plate or in contact with it.
- the electrochemical system no longer requiring the use of an oven its size is therefore reduced. In addition, it is more easily transportable and usable.
- the instrumentation for controlling the temperature can be integrated into the stack, which further simplifies the system.
- the heating means into the electrochemical device, the heating takes place directly by conduction through dense materials, the drawbacks linked to heat transfers between the walls of the oven enclosure and the stack no longer arise.
- heating means have increased reactivity to the temperature setpoint set for the device.
- the electrochemical system comprises a thermal insulating enclosure defining a thermally insulated space receiving the electrochemical device.
- the thermal leaks are significantly reduced and the heating of the device is made even more uniform and a very good thermal uniformity of the stack between the upper and lower plates is obtained, and therefore a very good overall thermal uniformity of the stack.
- the instruction given to the heating means is close to the objective of heating the stack, the power to be supplied to the device is reduced.
- the thermal insulating enclosure is advantageously shaped to be as close as possible to the external surface of the stack, which again makes it possible to limit the losses by radiation.
- the present invention therefore relates to an electrochemical system comprising at least one electrochemical device comprising a stack of n electrochemical cells with solid oxides, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1, and at least n-1 interconnection plates interposed between the electrochemical cells, means for supplying gas to the electrochemical cells and means for collecting gas produced by the electrochemical cells, means for electrical connection of the system to the outside.
- the electrochemical device also includes heating means integrated into the stack, said heating means being of Joule effect.
- electrochemical cells have a cross section S taken in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the stack.
- the heating means define a heating surface at least equal to the cross section S of the electrochemical cells.
- the heating means are inserted into at least one plate, called a heating plate, disposed in the stack or on the stack.
- the heating means comprise at least one electrical conductor housed in the at least one heating plate.
- At least one heating plate has a recess formed in a larger surface, in which the electrical conductor is housed and in which it is immobilized, for example by means of a solder.
- the electrical conductor is forced into a machined groove.
- the heating means comprise at least one electric heating element mounted in a bore of said heating plate, advantageously in a lateral edge of said heating plate.
- the at least one heating plate can be arranged at one end of the stack in the direction of the stack, crossed by the gas supply means.
- the at least one heating plate comprises means for measuring the temperature.
- the temperature measuring means may include a sensor configured to measure the temperatures of the electrical conductor or of the electric heating element, and a sensor configured to measure the temperature of the heating plate.
- the electrochemical system can advantageously comprise two clamping plates each disposed at one end of the stack in the direction of the stack and means cooperating with the plates to apply a clamping force to the n cells and n-1 interconnections.
- the heating means are inserted into at least two heating plates.
- At least one heating plate can advantageously be formed by a clamping plate.
- the integration of the heating means in one or more clamping plates makes it possible to easily adapt existing devices.
- the at least one heating plate is an intermediate plate mounted in two cells.
- the at least one heating plate is in abutment against a clamping plate, advantageously against its outer face.
- the electrochemical system can advantageously include a thermal insulating enclosure defining an interior space receiving the electrochemical device and thermally insulating it from the outside.
- the enclosure has a sole, a side wall and an upper wall.
- the electrical connection means, the gas supply means and the gas collection means can pass through the floor.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an electrochemical system illustrating the principle of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an electrochemical system according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a clamping plate implemented in the system of FIG. 2, shown alone,
- FIG. 3B is a detailed view of a section of the clamping plate of FIG. 3A at the level of an electrical conductor
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views of a clamping plate according to an alternative embodiment which can be implemented in the system of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a clamping plate according to another exemplary embodiment which can be implemented in the system of FIG. 2, - Figure 6 is a perspective view of an electrochemical system according to another embodiment, in which the heating means are attached to the clamping plates outside
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are different schematic representations of the heating means of the system of FIG. 6,
- FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of an electrochemical installation implementing a system according to the invention.
- the electrochemical system includes an electrochemical device DI intended to be used for high temperature electrolysis (“SOEC” mode) or as a fuel cell (“SOFC” mode).
- SOEC high temperature electrolysis
- SOFC fuel cell
- the electrochemical device DI comprises a stack of electrochemical cells with solid oxides.
- the stack comprises a plurality of elementary electrochemical cells CL each formed by a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode.
- the electrolyte is made of a solid and dense ion-conducting material, and the anode and the cathode are porous layers.
- the stack further comprises interconnection plates or interconnects I, each interposed between two successive elementary cells and ensuring the electrical connection between an anode of an element cell and a cathode of the adjacent element cell.
- Interconnects I ensure a series connection of the elementary cells
- a stack can comprise between one cell and several hundred cells, preferably between 25 and 75 cells.
- the intermediate interconnectors also delimit fluid compartments at the surface of the electrodes with which they are in contact.
- the face of an intermediate interconnector I in contact with an anode of an elementary electrochemical cell CL delimits a compartment, known as an anode compartment
- the face of an interconnector I in contact with a cathode of an elementary electrochemical cell CL delimits a compartment, called cathode compartment.
- Each of the anode and cathode compartments allows the distribution and collection of said gases.
- the cathode compartment ensures a supply of water vapor to the cathode and the evacuation of the hydrogen produced.
- the anode compartment ensures the circulation of a draining gas and the evacuation of the oxygen produced at the level of the anode.
- the electrochemical device can comprise end plates P arranged on either side of the stack.
- the end plates are electrically conductive.
- the device also comprises tubes (not shown) for distributing the gases and tubes for collecting the gases.
- the electrochemical device DI also comprises a clamping system SI, S2 provided with two clamping plates, called respectively, first clamping plate or upper clamping plate SI and second clamping plate or lower clamping plate S2 arranged on either side of the stack in the direction of the stack and intended to exert a clamping force on the stack by means of tie rods T.
- a clamping system SI, S2 provided with two clamping plates, called respectively, first clamping plate or upper clamping plate SI and second clamping plate or lower clamping plate S2 arranged on either side of the stack in the direction of the stack and intended to exert a clamping force on the stack by means of tie rods T.
- each end plate P is electrically isolated from the clamping plate which is adjacent to it, by interposing a plate M of electrical insulation, for example made of mica, between each clamping plate and each end plate.
- the tie rods T are for example formed by clamping rods passing through the clamping plates and on the ends of which nuts are mounted. These means are, in this regard, described in document FR 3 045 215.
- the clamping plates SI, S2 can be made of stainless steel, very advantageously of refractory austenitic steel, for example of the AISI 310S type, having a coefficient of thermal expansion equal to 18.5 ⁇ 10 6 between 20 ° C. and 800 ° C. In addition, this steel offers good mechanical resistance up to 1000 ° C.
- the tie rods are for example made of nickel-based superalloy of the Inconel 625 type.
- One and / or the other of the two clamping plates S1, S2 is or are provided with at least one gas circulation duct which allows the circulation of gas from a gas inlet to a gas outlet in order to '' supply gas or evacuate gases from the solid oxide stack.
- the gas inlet and outlet are arranged, respectively, on one and the other of the faces of larger surface of the clamping plate S1, S2.
- the electrochemical device also includes heating means H integrated into the stack. In Figure 1, these means H are shown schematically.
- integrated heating means means heating means in direct mechanical contact with the stack. They are arranged on and / or in the stack. The heating means are mounted in elements of the already existing stack or in elements added to the stack.
- the heating means H1 are electric heating means by Joule effects. They include one or more electric conductor cables or cords 2 integrated in the stack and which generate heat by dissipation.
- “cable”, “electric cable”, “heating cable” or “electric conductors” will be used to denote the electric conductive cables forming the heating means.
- heating cables have a heating core with mineral insulation, MgO magnesia (96-99%), under inconel 600 sheath and integrated cold terminations.
- the heating core has for example a diameter of 2.0 mm +/- 0.05 mm over a length of 6.5 m +/- 5%, having an internal resistance of 7.0 ohms / m +/- 10 %.
- the heating means H1 are arranged in the thickness of one of the clamping plates or in the two clamping plates S101, S102.
- they are arranged in the two clamping plates in order to ensure uniform heating of the stack.
- the clamping plates are made of a material capable of conducting heat in the direction of the stack.
- the material has good thermal conductivity, preferably at least equal to LOW / m.K.
- AISI 310S steel advantageously has good thermal conductivity, 15W / m.K at 20 ° C and 19 W / m.K at 500 ° C.
- a recess 4 is formed in one of the larger surface faces of a clamping plate S101, the depth of which is sufficient to receive the electric cable 2.
- the depth of the recess 4 is sufficient so that the cable 2 does not protrude from the plate.
- the cable is immobilized in the recess 4 by the addition of a material, for example solder 5, for example produced under vacuum.
- the material of the solder is the same as that of the clamping plate in order to avoid the risks of differential expansion.
- the solder is placed on the side of the stack.
- the heating zone is located as close as possible to the stack.
- the cable is forced into a groove machined in the plate.
- the conductor is arranged in the form of a square spiral.
- the electric cable is distributed over a surface corresponding to the surface of the electrochemical cells in order to optimize the heating of the device.
- the clamping plate S101 comprises a main part 6 of square shape and branches 8 projecting from each side of the main part for the passage of the tie rods.
- the electric cable extends over the entire surface of the main part almost to the edges thereof.
- the electric cable is distributed uniformly over the surface ensuring uniform distribution of the heating over the entire surface of the stack.
- connection ends 2.1, 2.2 of the cable exit laterally from the clamping plate to connect electrically to the rest of the system.
- heating means of the Joule effect type has the advantage of allowing easy control of the thermal energy generated.
- Their integration as close as possible to the cells makes it possible to control the energy which is effectively brought to the stack.
- their size is reduced.
- the integration of the cable or cables in the clamping plates makes it possible not to modify the size of the electrochemical device and therefore to allow it to replace devices already in place.
- the electric heating means make it possible to reach temperatures higher than the operating temperature of the stack. Thus there is greater freedom in the arrangement of the device in its environment.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B one can see an alternative embodiment of a clamping plate S201, in which the electric cable 2 has another distribution.
- the plate has a high density of electrical conductor at the center of the plate to provide a greater amount of heat at the center of the plate relative to the edges thereof.
- the recess is for example produced by machining.
- the clamping plates have dimensions in the plane, for example a few hundred mm, for example 200 mm x 200 mm, and a thickness of one to several tens of mm, for example 10 mm.
- only one electric cable per plate is used, which simplifies the connection to the current source.
- the implementation of several cables has the advantage, in the case where a cable is defective, to allow to continue to provide heat to the stack, especially since in general it is not possible to remove the clamping plates, the load applied by them via the tie rods cannot be canceled without rendering the device inoperative.
- one or more temperature sensors 10, 11, for example thermocouples shown in FIG. 4A are arranged in each clamping plate.
- a safety temperature sensor 10 disposed as close as possible to the heating cable in order to control the temperature of the cable and to avoid overheating and degradation
- a temperature sensor 11 intended to the regulation and arranged so as to measure the temperature of the plate, the regulation sensor is arranged further from the heating cable, for example a few millimeters.
- the heating means H2 comprise electrically conductive elements in the form of fingers or pins 12, which are inserted laterally in the clamping plates as is.
- the plates have in their lateral edges housings 14, for example non-through bores in which are mounted electrically conductive elements dissipating heat.
- the pins or fingers are distributed uniformly throughout the periphery of the plates.
- the mounting of the fingers is effected by force in the housings 14 in order to ensure good thermal contact between the fingers and the plate and reduce thermal losses.
- the integration of the heating means in one or more clamping plates makes it possible to easily adapt existing devices.
- the mean plane of the clamping plate is the plane to which the faces of the largest surface of the clamping plate are substantially parallel.
- FIG. 6 we can see another embodiment of the electrochemical device D3, in which the heating means H3 are attached to the clamping plates outside of these.
- the heating means comprise at least one heating plate 16 shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C.
- the heating plate 16 is for example manufactured according to the same process as the clamping plates of Figures 2, 3A and 3B.
- the heating plate 16 has a recess 16.1 formed in one of its faces with larger main surfaces and an electric cable 16.2 shown in dotted lines disposed in the recess 16.1 and a solder 16.3 is deposited in the recess 16.1 on the cable in order to 'immobilize the cord in the recess. In FIG. 7B, the solder is not yet deposited.
- the plate 16 thus formed can then be mounted in direct contact against the outer face of a clamping plate SI.
- the contacting surfaces have very good flatness.
- the heating plate is brought into contact with the clamping plate so that it can be easily removable, i.e. without being definitively fixed thereto, while benefiting from the heating means integrated into the stack.
- a layer of ductile material offering good thermal conductivity for example a gold paste, is interposed between the clamping plate and the heating plate, which improves the thermal contact between the heating plate and the clamping plate, and compensate for unevenness.
- the heating plate includes heating fingers or pins as in the example shown in FIG. 5.
- the fingers or pins can be mounted in the lateral edges and / or through the main external face of the heating plate.
- heating plates 16 attached to the clamping plates makes it possible to equip electrochemical devices already manufactured and for which it is not possible to remove the clamping plates, either to replace them with clamping plates with integrated heating, or to insert interlayer heating plates.
- the heating means can be integrated into the stack in the form of a plate attached to the stack.
- the heating means comprise one or more intermediate plates in which or which is or are integrated a heating cable. This or these plates is or are arranged between a clamping plate and an end plate. Preferably two intermediate plates are provided, one between the upper clamping plate and the upper end plate, and the other between the lower clamping plate and the lower end plate.
- the intermediate plate or plates are each arranged between two elementary electrochemical cells.
- the insertion of interlayer heating plates makes it possible to reduce the vertical thermal gradients within the stack.
- either the intermediate plates replace interconnectors, or external electrical connection means make it possible to provide the electrical connection between the cells.
- One or more safety and / or regulation temperature sensors can advantageously be arranged in the heating plates.
- Thermocouples are advantageously placed in the heating plate or plates 16 or in the intermediate plate or plates.
- the clamping plates can be omitted.
- the heating means may include one or more conductors in one of the clamping plates only and in a plate interlayer.
- the heating means comprise a heating plate 16 and a clamping plate with the integrated heating conductors.
- the electrochemical device is placed in an enclosure so as to reduce the energy losses, in particular the heat losses and to optimize the operation of the device.
- the walls of the enclosure include one or more fibrous insulating materials comprising Si0 2 , CaO and MgO or one or more materials of the light concrete type.
- the enclosure comprises a hearth 18 on which the electrochemical device is disposed, side walls 20 and an upper wall 22.
- the walls and the hearth define a closed volume thermally insulating the electrochemical device from the external environment.
- the enclosure in particular the side walls 20 and the upper wall 22 can be made in one piece or in several parts assembled together. Openings 24 are provided in the enclosure for the passage of tubes and electrical connectors.
- the clearances between the contours of the openings and the tubes and connectors are advantageously filled with a thermal insulating material.
- the fluid connections and the electrical connections are made through the bottom 18, further reducing thermal leaks.
- the internal contour of the enclosure conforms to the external shape of the electrochemical device and delimits with the external surface of the device a reduced clearance. This allows the inner wall of the enclosure to reflect more efficiently the heat emitted by the electrochemical device towards said assembly, and consequently, allows to implement heating means of reduced power compared to those traditionally used. in this type of applications.
- the combination of integrated electrical heating means and an electrical insulating enclosure also contributes to reducing the gradients thermal in the direction of the stack, and to allow homogenization of the temperature within the electrochemical device, and thus improve the efficiency of the latter.
- This homogenization of the temperature makes it possible to apply a heating instruction to the integrated external conductors close to the heating temperature desired for the stack. This limits the risk of damaging the elements of the device due to overheating, in particular elements in the upper part of the stack.
- a reflective material on the internal wall of the enclosure could be provided.
- a free space is maintained between the electrochemical device and the interior wall of the enclosure to allow the detection of a leak on the stack.
- air scans the enclosure to dilute and evacuate any hydrogen leaks from the stack.
- it is preferable to avoid any contact between the enclosure and the stack to reduce the risk of short circuit.
- One or more sensors may or may be carried by the enclosure or disposed in the space between the enclosure and the electrochemical device, it may be a temperature sensor for regulating the temperature of the device, gas sensor to detect a leak in the device ...
- the electrochemical device according to the invention has the advantage of being very compact because it does not need to be placed in an oven. In addition, it is very easy to use, in fact it can be easily connected to the four gas supply and collection conduits and to electrical supplies for the integrated heating system and the end plates. This device is then of the “plug and play” type, i.e. branch and work.
- the latter is advantageously of reduced size since it is shaped to the shape of the device, which is easily achievable.
- the enclosure can be assembled around the device, unlike an oven which has resistors on its inner walls electric.
- the walls are of reduced thickness because they do not include electrical resistances.
- the heating means are controlled by a central unit, for example by a computer, for example on the basis of the measurements supplied by the thermocouples, the temperature setpoint (s), etc.
- the system can have a very high degree of modularity in the heating control, in fact it is possible to envisage ordering them together or separately and therefore modulating the heat input depending on the location in the stack and / or depending on the time of operation, allowing differentiated management of the heating cables.
- the heat accumulates in the upper part of the enclosure, the upper part of the stack can then be maintained at a given temperature with a lower input. in energy. It can then be provided to control the heating means to ensure a greater heating contribution in the lower part of the stack.
- the control of the heating wires can be as follows:
- the temperature can be maintained only by heating at a clamping plate, preferably the clamping plate which is crossed by the gas supply tubes, which are in generally at a temperature below the operating temperature.
- the integrated heating means thus also provide means for reheating the gases.
- the heating wires of the upper plate can operate continuously but only for the preheating of the gases, the temperature maintenance being ensured by the conducting wires of the plate lower tightening.
- the supply of heat during stationary operation can be provided by the heating means integrated in the lower clamping plate.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1859930A FR3087952B1 (fr) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Systeme electrochimique a oxydes solides a moyens de chauffage integres |
PCT/FR2019/052534 WO2020084258A1 (fr) | 2018-10-26 | 2019-10-23 | Système électrochimique a oxydes solides a moyens de chauffage intégrés |
Publications (1)
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EP3871284A1 true EP3871284A1 (fr) | 2021-09-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19813102.1A Pending EP3871284A1 (fr) | 2018-10-26 | 2019-10-23 | Système électrochimique a oxydes solides a moyens de chauffage intégrés |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20210391585A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3871284A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022505501A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3116398A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3087952B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020084258A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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BR112023022689A2 (pt) * | 2021-04-30 | 2024-01-23 | John Cockerill Hydrogen Belgium | Unidade de eletrólise para eletrolisador do tipo filtro-prensa |
DE102021208137A1 (de) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | Argo Gmbh | Elektrolysezelle mit Temperiervorrichtung, Elektrolyseurstack aufweisend eine Temperiervorrichtung, Elektrolysesystem aufweisend den Elektrolyseurstack und Verfahren zur Temperierung eines Elektrolyseurstacks |
FR3127338A1 (fr) | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-24 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Ensemble d’un empilement de cellules à oxydes solides de type SOEC/SOFC et d’un système de serrage avec plaque chauffante |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5763114A (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1998-06-09 | Gas Research Institute | Integrated reformer/CPN SOFC stack module design |
JP4421178B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-18 | 2010-02-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック |
US20050058865A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-17 | Thompson Eric L. | Self -thawing fuel cell |
JP4683029B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2011-05-11 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | 燃料電池装置及び電子機器 |
US20140030632A1 (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2014-01-30 | Topsoe Fuel Cell | Process for surface conditioning of a plate or sheet of stainless steel and application of a layer onto the surface, interconnect plate made by the process and use of the interconnect plate in fuel cell stacks |
US9755263B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-09-05 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell mechanical components |
WO2014155928A1 (fr) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-02 | 住友精密工業株式会社 | Pile à combustible |
FR3045215B1 (fr) | 2015-12-15 | 2023-03-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme de serrage autonome d'un empilement a oxydes solides de type soec/sofc a haute temperature |
CH713019A2 (de) * | 2016-10-08 | 2018-04-13 | Dr Ulf Bossel Almus Ag | Vorrichtung zur kontrollierten Temperierung keramischer Brennstoffzellen. |
US11011763B2 (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2021-05-18 | Precison Combustion, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell with internal reformer |
DE102019217992A1 (de) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffzellenstapel |
-
2018
- 2018-10-26 FR FR1859930A patent/FR3087952B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-23 WO PCT/FR2019/052534 patent/WO2020084258A1/fr active Search and Examination
- 2019-10-23 JP JP2021521767A patent/JP2022505501A/ja active Pending
- 2019-10-23 EP EP19813102.1A patent/EP3871284A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-10-23 CA CA3116398A patent/CA3116398A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-10-23 US US17/287,841 patent/US20210391585A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3087952A1 (fr) | 2020-05-01 |
CA3116398A1 (fr) | 2020-04-30 |
FR3087952B1 (fr) | 2021-09-24 |
US20210391585A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
JP2022505501A (ja) | 2022-01-14 |
WO2020084258A1 (fr) | 2020-04-30 |
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